Workplace stress

23 Mar 2015

2 (682 )

Synopsis This report investigates workplace stress and the affects it can have on business. The report focuses on what can be done to reduce and prevent stress in the workplace. It will look at the following: * What is stress * Main causes of workplace stress * Methods to deal with workplace stress * Preventing stress in the workplace The report concluded by looking at a ...

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Case study: Psychic determinism

23 Mar 2015

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Psychic determinism states that all processes occurring in mind are not necessarily spontaneous and as random as they seem, but are actually determined by unconscious composites (Sauer, Spring 2011, Weeks 1-2). 2. Resistance Resistance is a psychic force created by unconscious desires, needs, or impulses. This resistance prevents the discussion of possibly clinically relevant information into consciousness (Sauer, Spring 2011, Weeks 1-2). 3. Transference Transference is when a patient ...

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Teachers are the pillars of the society

23 Mar 2015

16 (6,011 )

Dissatisfaction among workers is undesirable and dangerous in any profession; it is suicidal if it occurs in teaching profession. If factors responsible for dissatisfaction can be differentiated, attempts can be made either to change those conditions or to reduce their intensity so as to increase the holding power of the profession. This study attempts to find out which facet or dimension affects the job satisfaction of university ...

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The relationship between double dissociations and cognitive processes

23 Mar 2015

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A relationship implies the way things interconnect and includes ways these groups regard and behave towards one another. Double Dissociations (DDs), modularity and connectionist modeling (CM) will be introduced. Discussions about their strengths and weaknesses, how advances in technology have added value to existing data and possible theoretical models will follow. Research community opinions will be explored as these factors impact the extent to which these processes ...

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The link between stress and illness

23 Mar 2015

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There are many causes of stress, from major life events such as divorce or the death of someone close, to small annoyances or hassles such as losing something or being stuck in traffic. These events or stimuli are called stressors. They produce the stress-response. Any event which is physically or mentally demanding can be classed as a stressor as it triggers the stress response and throws the ...

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Myers Briggs Type Indicator Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a personality test based on Carl Jungs psychological theory. It is widely used in companies for team building, as well as for marriage counselling. This paper looks at how accurately the MBTI test can predict the group dynamics of a student household. Nine students sharing the same household took the test. The results show an accurate prediction of the student's attitudes (Introversion/Extraversion), ...

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Evidence that mental representation is based on imagery

23 Mar 2015

4 (1,503 )

Psychologists have been interested in the processes that go on in the mind. Mental representation is studied as an important part of cognitive psychology. Generally, mental representation is attempted to answer what is stored in the mind by describing the form that knowledge of the world is represented in the mind (Pylyshyn, 1973). There are two basic forms of mental representations that are the symbolic representations and ...

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Group counseling and therapy

23 Mar 2015

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Group counseling and therapy involves a group of about ten people meeting on weekly basis together with a trained counselor or therapist so as to discuss and open-up to the problems and struggles they may be facing. There are group sessions which discuss a whole range of problems while other groups target specific problems. Group counseling is effective as people are given an opportunity to interact freely ...

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Is intelligence best described as a single entity

23 Mar 2015

4 (1,283 )

Intelligence is somewhat impossible to be describes or defined as a single entity. There are many factors that can trigger a type intelligence. Practical intelligence is somewhat people would consider common sense. Intelligence is the ability to adapt and shape in everyday environments. Some psychologists would argue that intelligence is a notion of a single entity, sometimes called "G" meaning general factor (Brand 96) and (Jensen 98). ...

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Why is psychology considered to be a science?

23 Mar 2015

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History The word "psychology" comes from the Greek words "psyche, meaning "soul" and "logos" meaning "study. Psychology is known as the study of the mind. In the modern language the suffix "ology" is referred to a "science".Before psychology was established as a science, it was associated with extra sensory perception (ESP) and other paranormal phenomena (beyond the laws of science.Hence, psychology studies human behavior in a scientific ...

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Study On The Emotional Disturbances In Children

23 Mar 2015

6 (2,393 )

Childhood is a happy time for most children. Full of good friends, happy families, and exciting experiences. However, some children do not experience such a childhood. Their childhoods were filled with turmoil and feeling like they did not belong. Emotional disturbance in children is a very serious matter that parents, caregivers, and educators should not take lightly. Understanding what emotional disturbance is and how we can identify ...

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Ability To Efficiently Process Local Stimuli Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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This study is a replication of Navons third experiment in his 1977 paper Forest Before Trees. Participants are shown a large letter the global stimulus made up of smaller letters the local stimuli. The small and large letters are either consistent or contradictory. Participants were asked to identify the local stimuli. The aim was to determine whether global stimuli affected the reaction time of identifying local stimuli ...

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Personal space and the Impact of Eye Contact

23 Mar 2015

4 (1,522 )

Everyone needs their own personal space. Different people, different cultures, different gender maintains different standards of personal space, some will be more but some will not. Personal space reflects our ways of thinking and feelings. People who are interested in personal space will be discover that the comfortable personal distance will need different amount of spaces; it is also depends on the social situation, gender, and individual ...

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The Parental Warmth And Parental Control Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Two broad and universal dimensions of parenting practices have been recognized as critical components of the parenting practices from the past two decades namely parental warmth and parental control (Suchman, Rounsaville, DeCoste & Luthar, 2007). These parenting practices have direct effect on child development outcomes (Darling and Steinberg, 1993). Based on Lian and Yusooff (2006) study among 400 Malaysian adolescents indicated that warmth and supportive family encourages ...

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The Influences Of Anxiety Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Anxiety (also called angst or worry) is a nervous or afraid feeling which almost people used to experience (Grouch n.d.). Anxiety also is considered as uncomfortable sensation happening because of stress's long period (Smeltzer and Bare 2000). According to a study performed in Britain, over 800,000 Britons have to "live in fear" and suffer from anxiety now in comparison with that of in 1993 and make the ...

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The effects of leading questions on memory

23 Mar 2015

6 (2,156 )

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of leading questions on memory. This was done by showing a photograph of a car accident towards two treatment groups, and then make the participants answer a questionnaire(s). The difference between the questionnaires were the verbs used (IV; "crash" and "contacted"). The answer was regarding the speed estimation (IV) of the cars when the accident occured. This ...

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The Triad Of Impairments In Asd Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Having aspirations to become an educational psychologist, I have always held a strong interest in clinical conditions such as Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and how they can affect a person's behaviours. This interest has been further fuelled by my nephew having been recently diagnosed with high functioning ASD. Whilst I am familiar with the behavioural aspects of this disorder I lack knowledge on the neurological explanations. I ...

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The effect of background noise on free recall

23 Mar 2015

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The effect of background noise upon free recall of visually presented words was investigated. A total of 60 participants were recruited for this psychological study. The experimental groups were the speech condition (N=20) and the whale sound condition (N=20) whereas the silent condition (N=20) accounted for the control condition. Participants were randomly assigned to each group. The speech, whale sound and silence accounted for the three levels ...

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A Comparison between the works of Piaget and Bruner

23 Mar 2015

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Jean Piaget was a Swiss biologist who developed an influential model of childhood development he viewed cognitive development in a series of different stages. At each different stage children create a more mature approach on reality. This changes how they view the world and assimilate new information. His argument was that essentially the child was a different cognitive person during each stage of his four developmental stages. ...

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Puerperal Psychosis Causes Risk Factors And Treatment Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Having a baby can be an exciting time in a womans life however; it is a time of significant bio-psychosocial change which can bring about various difficulties including different psychiatric disorders. The three main mental illnesses that can occur in the postnatal period are mania, depression and schizophrenia which are currently recognised as puerperal psychosis despite previous thoughts that puerperal psychosis was a special mental illness (RCPSYCH, ...

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Schizophrenia: the biological and psychological effect

23 Mar 2015

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The study of psychosis has been much published within the literature. Investigations into the biological, psychological and clinical aspects of the disorder have been greatly seen. An approach which views schizophrenia as a disturbance of information processing appears promising as a way of linking all of the aspects of the disorder. A review of the research in this area led to the suggestion that the basic disturbance ...

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Various Cause Effects Of Video Games Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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The most successful aspect of video games is that they provide a huge amount of human interaction through imagery and audio, thus encouraging the player to think and act quickly(Wolf, 2001, p15). This aspect makes video games different from any other forms of non-interactive media like television or radio. Video games give clear instructions about actions to be performed to reach particular levels in the game and ...

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Music Piracy Among Undergraduates In Malaysian Universities Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction Over recent year, music piracy has become a great issue around the world. In UK (United Kingdom), the major label trade group, BPI (British Phonographic Industry) has suffered £180 million lose in 2008 and £200 million lose in 2009 due to the Internet file-sharing of music. In US (United States), Institute for Policy innovation has done an analysis and concluded that global music ...

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Subliminal Mere Exposure Influence Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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It is commonly seen that humans prefer familiarity, whether it be with person, place or object. Many researchers believe that repeated exposure of certain stimuli will generally increase favourable attitudes towards it. This repeated exposure breeds a certain familiarity, subsequently enhancing liking of the stimuli (Zajonc, 1968). This process is the basis behind the mere exposure effect. This effect has also been shown to occur with subliminally ...

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Can A Decision Ever Be Truly Rational Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Management, Organisation and Society 1 Can a decision ever be truly rational?  Evaluate this question drawing on the examples and theories given in the lectures. Introduction "There are no decision problems in paradise! Paradise offers a happy, but aimless life. " (Grünig & Kühn, 2009) Everything in the real world is influenced by decisions. Today, individuals, companies, organizations or institutions are all daily confronted with decision problems. ...

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Case study: self esteem

23 Mar 2015

5 (1,606 )

The term self-esteem can be defined as the level to which individuals view their worthiness as an individual. The roots of self-esteem are that, the appraisal is first developed from childhood and continues throughout someone's life. If it one has low self-worthiness. If anyone has low self-worth, then it means that these earlier experience is simply overshadowed the individual and have come to represent the total sum ...

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Defining And Understanding Mental Toughness Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Mental toughness has been described as one of the most used, but least understood terms in applied sport psychology (Jones, Hanton, & Connaughton, 2002). Many athletes, coaches, and sports commentators have associated mental toughness with sporting success (Clough, Earle & Sewell, 2002; Connaughton, Hanton, Jones & Wadey, 2008; Gucciardi, Gordon, & Dimmock, 2008). Yet some authors who claim to be concerned with the study of mental toughness, ...

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A Look At Leadership Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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In a changing corporate world, strong leadership is becoming necessity for their survival Bennis nanus,1985.Complexity and chaos are creating emerging concerns in solving problem in business world, which leads more attention to leadership. This in turn has increased arguments how leadership is different from management. Management focus on responsibities and reaching goals effectively and efficiently which means it is the activities that keeps organization running(Huey,1994).However leadership is ...

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A study into secretive human behavior

23 Mar 2015

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Secretive is human behavior that has generally negative connation which should not be confused with "Privacy" which generally represents the human trait in which one individual is not ready to share his/her personal information to others. In contrast the secretive behavior is not limited to personal information only. If we look at the relevance of the particular behavior we may find that not only it is associated ...

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Development of Cognitive-behavioral Therapy

23 Mar 2015

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Approximately five decades ago Aaron T. Beck and Albert Ellis described the concepts that are central to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Since its inception, more than 300 controlled trials supporting its efficacy have been conducted (Sudak, 2006). The vast amount of research conducted exploring the efficacy of cognitive therapy has made it the psychotherapeutic treatment with the most empirical support (Sudak, 2006). Although CBT was originally developed to ...

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Comorbidity is becoming an accepted feature of development

23 Mar 2015

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Comorbidity is the co-occurrence of two different disorders in an individual at the same time. Sometimes multiple diagnoses have to be made to account for all the symptoms. Understanding the origins of comorbidities help us understand the causes of disorders but the underlying causal mechanisms for any developmental disorder are not thoroughly understood. In Frith's three level framework the essential elements in developmental disorders are the biological, ...

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confounding factor or lurking variable

23 Mar 2015

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Confounding variable, also known as confounding factor or lurking variable can be defined as an undesirable variable that has an influence on the relationship between the variables of an experiment. Although they are not the variable of actual interest (i.e. the independent variable), they can influence the outcome of an experiment and they are considered to be undesirable as they could add error to an experiment. A ...

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Case study: Parkinsons disease

23 Mar 2015

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Before I describe the physiological basis of Parkinson I would like to give a brief history of Parkinson and the number of people who have it. Parkinson was not formally recognized and its symptoms were not documented until the year 1817 by a British apothecary named James Parkinson. He wrote an Essay on the Shaking Palsy. In this essay he listed six cases that he had seen ...

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A Study On Sleepwalking Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Broughton (2000) once mentioned that “The term parasomnia refers to a group of acute, episodic, physical phenomena that either occur exclusively during sleep or seem to be exaggerated by sleep” (as cited in Pegram, McBurney, Harding & Makris, 2004, p. 200). The generally more typical encountered NREM sleep parasomnias consist of “sleepwalking”, “sleep terrors, confusional arousal, sleep talking, and bruxism” (Pegram et al., 2004, p.200). Sleepwalking, also ...

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The biological and learning perspectives

23 Mar 2015

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Aggression remains a substantial problem today. According to Berkowitz (1975) aggression can be defined as any behaviour which is intended to cause harm to another person whether physically or verbally. This investigation is an evaluation of the biological and learning perspectives of psychology accounting for the development of aggression in children. Aggression from the biological perspective is seen as an innate behaviour which is genetically transferred from ...

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Qualitative Study On Teenage Pregnancies Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Introduction A lot of prior research conveys warning over teenage pregnancy; this is due to ethnically and culturally explicit issues that make the UK dissimilar from other nations in the world. Lisa Arai, a well known psychologist in the field of adolescent pregnancies argues that, ‘cross-national similarity that engages the UK is frequently insufficient, particularly in the light of the overriding literature which highlight's ‘technical/educational explanations' ...

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Comparison of Freudian and Humanistic Personality Theories

23 Mar 2015

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Most people use the term "personality" to explain the most obvious characteristics and social skills of a person. However, psychologists utilize the term "personality" in their attempt to explain the main reasons behind people's motivations and different reactions in specific situations. Psychologists want to figure out why people have different personality as personality is the sum total of all the ways of thinking, feeling and acting that ...

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Three Types Of Counselling Approaches And Intervention Techniques Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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The person-centred approach was developed by the American psychologist Carl Rogers in the 1940-1950's (Rogers 1942, Rogers 1951) and this approach, also known as the client-centered or non-directive approach, continues to be used widely to this day. As the name of the theory implies, within the client-centered approach the counselling process places a heavy emphasis on the client's own ability to resolve their problems. At the time ...

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ontological and epistemological assumptions of the survey method

23 Mar 2015

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Inquiry paradigms, the basic belief systems or world views of the researcher frame the course of research and its outcomes. According to Guba (1990), paradigms can be characterised through their: ontology (What is reality?), epistemology (How do you know something?) and methodology (How do go about finding out?). Qualitative and quantitative research methods are underpinned by different ontological or epistemological assumptions; these are assumptions that are made ...

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Group & and individual behavior

23 Mar 2015

7 (2,692 )

Introduction: Group & an individual behavior has remained one of the favorite topics of psychologists, sociologists & researchers from quite long time. The characteristics of groups are the composites of some characteristics of individuals forming a group and some unique to the group as a whole like soldiers can act with more bravery when in group than alone (Spinks & Wells, 1995). Why we are influenced by ...

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Effective methods of understanding and treating PTSD

23 Mar 2015

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The treatment related publications of the last twenty years places a large amount of attention on determining the most useful psychological therapy for clients with a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD. The overall aim of this paper is to critically evaluate current cognitive models of PTSD and literature on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapies to treat this disorder based on these models. Definitions of PTSD ...

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Emotional Intelligence Ei And Burnout Among Nurses Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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This study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence and burnout among nurses working in private hospitals in Malaysia. Theoretical literatures related to this relationship are presented in the first part of this chapter. The existing literatures on the topics were examined and key pieces were brought together to establish a foundation for this study. While for the second part of this chapter, it discusses about the theoretical ...

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The effects of positive illusions on relationship quality

23 Mar 2015

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A general presumption in the study of interpersonal relationships is that closeness is a significant, desired, and necessary characteristic of relationship satisfaction (Berscheid, Snyder, & Omoto, 1989). According to Berscheid et al. (1989) partners' physical proximity is a requirement for closeness and relationship satisfaction. However there is mixed evidence regarding reported levels of satisfaction in relationships where partners are physically separate (i.e. long distance romantic relationships, LDRRs). ...

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Response To Conflict And Team Effectiveness And Functioning Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Introduction Conflict is considered as the most personal and expensive problem in workplace. It affects team work at various levels, both positive and negative (De Dreu, Harinck, Van Vianen, 1999). However, it is inevitable in every workplace. It is a side effect of the employee participation, collaboration, and problem solving that high-performing organizations expect and accept (Cloke, Goldsmith, 2000). Conflict has been associated with greater innovation and ...

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Introduction Of Social Psychology Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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An individual cannot survive without the social relationships in the world. Social need is one of the basic needs of individual to live the life. In this paper the major area of concern are the study of social psychology and its major areas of influence in order to evaluate the effect of the study on generating various propositions about the social behaviors and to study the cause ...

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Appeals In Charity Advertisements Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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In our daily lives, we are often exposed to charity campaigns that attempt to persuade us to donate to people in need. We believe, intuitively, that most donation campaigns are focused on making people feel sympathetic by highlighting who the beneficiaries are and what benefits are to be given to them. However, would such a strategy work all the time? Imagine that you are standing before a ...

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Associations Between Sleep And Memory Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Declarative memories are also partially accessed during sleep. The latent part of a dream has parts of recent events and/or knowledge. Declarative memories transform due to processing during sleep. There are many possible connections between EEG theta activity during sleep and memory consolidation. It is now clear that this essay will emphasize the relationship among sleep, emotional regulation, and psychiatric mood disorders. Explicit memory is one that ...

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How much information can short term memory hold

23 Mar 2015

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Encoding involves changing the information presented into a different form. Since words or other items in the short term store are rehearsed or repeated, we might assume that they are encoded in terms of their sound (acoustic coding). In contrast, the information we have stored in the long term memory nearly always seems to be stored in terms of its meaning (semantic coding). Encoding takes many different ...

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Music Therapy And Personality Theory Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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"Personality theory is focused on the thoughts, feelings and behaviour of human beings, including their interactions with their social environment" (Funder, 1994). From this comment it could be suggested that personality is made up of the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviours that make a person unique. In addition to this, Piedmont supports that personality come up from inside the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout ...

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Impact Of Bullying And Depression Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Bullying may be defined as the activity of repeated, aggressive behavior intended to hurt another person, physically or mentally. Bullying is characterized by an individual behaving in a certain way to gain power over another person (Besag, 1989).The word "bully" was first used in the 1530s meaning "sweetheart", the verb "to bully" is first attested in 1710. In literary work bullying was used by Charles Dickens and ...

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Link between smoking and eysencks personality dimensions

23 Mar 2015

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The investigation sets out to discover whether or not personality types such as extroversion-introversion, introduced by that of Carl Jung, play any role in individuals taking up smoking. Looking at which out of the two personality dimension are more prone to nicotine consumption and if either of the personality dimensions have a link to impulsiveness, in the context of smoking. The way this will be investigated is ...

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Child Obesity Is A Modern Global Epidemic Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Child obesity is a modern global epidemic. A multitude of factors that shape the obesogenic environment make children susceptible to obesity; parental misperception may be one of them (Doolen, Alpert & MIller, 2008). Its prevention and treatment with particular focus on overweight and obesity affecting toddler and pre-school age children are urgent priority concerns for public health specialists (Bambra et al, 2012). In Scotland about 25% of ...

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Ghost In The Nursery And Compulsion To Repeat Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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In this essay I will be referring to Sigmund Freud, Anna Freud and Selma Fraiberg to explain how psychoanalytic theory views the ghost in the nursery and the compulsion to repeat, and John Bowlby, Mary Ainsworth and Peter Fonagy to account for these concepts on behalf of the attachment theory. This essay is organized as follows. First, I define the main concepts in question and relate these ...

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Process Of Perception And The Organisational Manager Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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It is very important to understand the process of perception before we critically evaluate its benefits, it might provide to an organisational manager. According to Stephen P. Robbins, "Perception can be defined as a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. Perception is the manner in which a person understands someone or something. It is essentially ...

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The Relationship Between Maternal Filicide Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate and identify the common factors that influence maternal filicide, and its relationship to mental/psychological disorders within the perpetrators. Filicide has been defined as the intentional act of a parent/guardian killing her or his own child (Putkonen, Amon, Almiron, Cederwall, Eronen, Klier, Kjelsberg, Weizmann-Henelius, 2009). There are two subcategories that branch from filicide which include infanticide and neonaticide. Infanticide is ...

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Literature Related To Self Esteem Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Brown conducted a longitudinal study over 5 years to examine the changes in self-esteem and feelings of competence with physical appearance and social acceptance. The participants included were 1166 white and 1213 black girls, aged 9 and 10 years at baseline. The assessments of maturation stage and body mass index were done annually and Harter's Self-Perception Profile for children was done biennially. The report concluded that black ...

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Impact of Emotions on an Employees Job Performance

23 Mar 2015

7 (2,732 )

Emotions are pure human psychological phenomena. Employee is critically affected by their behaviors in the workplace. An employee's emotions and overall temperament have a significant impact on his job performance, decision making skills, team sprit, and leadership and turnover .What employee's feel and how they express their emotions affects their performance. Emotions directly influence on decision making, creativity and interpersonal relations. This research study analyzes the effects ...

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The Middle Adulthood Years Observation Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Middle adulthood is the time period from 35 years of age until 64 years of age. It is the midpoint of a person's life. Many people have achieved happiness at this point in their lives, but there are some who feel like they are that much closer to death without accomplishing anything. Just like any other point in life this time period brings about many changes and ...

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The Five Elements Of Emotional Intelligence Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Emotional intelligence is the area of cognitive ability involving traits and social skills that facilitate interpersonal behaviour. Intelligence can be broadly defined as the capacity for goal-oriented adaptive behaviour; emotional intelligence focuses on the aspects of intelligence that govern self-knowledge and social adaptation (Rouse, M. 2010, online) In this essay I will be exploring emotional intelligence. I hope to gain an understanding of the five elements of ...

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Logical Division Of Ideas Fear Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

4 (1,304 )

Agoraphobia is the condition in which anxiousness is felt by an individual when one is running from problems which may humiliate them. The sufferer of agoraphobia might experience fear in a crowded place, while home alone, on a public transportation, etc. Therefore they try to avoid crowded place and rarely socialize with people. They feel embarrassed - talking, communicating, and it is really difficult for them to ...

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Overall family structure

23 Mar 2015

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Abstract: This paper introduces Helen, Julie, and Garry a family subset from the movie, The Parenthood and provides a description of their overall family structure also seen in the form of a genogram. The paper also includes a literature review of both Behavioral Family Therapy (BFT), and Solution-Focused Family Therapy (SFT) with the author settling on SFT as the preferred method for eliciting change from a systems ...

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Understanding The Personality Of Athletes Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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By 1992, more than 1,000 articles had been published on aspects of sport personality (Ruffer, 1976; Vealey, 1989, 2002). This voluminous research demonstrates how important researches and practitioners consider the role of personality to be in sports. With that in mind, this research attempted to determine if there is a relationship between types of personalities and sports preferences. Athletes from different sports and non-athletes will play a ...

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Impact Of Stress On Students Academic Performance Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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The purpose of this report is to provide a discussion on stress and how it can possibly hinder students from doing the best that they can with regards to their educational journey. The literature is supportive of the fact that stress places demands on an individual, and in response to the stress, the body attempts to adapt to the stressful experience to maintain a sense of normalcy ...

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Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent FMRI Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) is the most widely used and powerful method of understanding the brain function and mapping neuroanatomy of the human brain. The most basic fMRI technique is blood oxygen level dependent (BLOD-fMRI). Paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin in venous blood is a natural contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Basic principles and methodological applications of BOLD-MRI as an introduction are presented in this article, and the ...

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A Boy Called It Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Some researchers have suggested that human beings are born with no concept of their own identity - they are …born with a blank slate for identity. Vignoles also suggests that whilst this may be true for the cognitive aspect of Identity, it is not true for the social aspect of identity; a child is born into a world where social relationships and groups have already been established ...

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Relevance of mindfulness to developing interpersonal skills

23 Mar 2015

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Mindfulness as a psychological concept can be conceptualised as a present centred, non elaborative and non judgemental awareness in which all of the individual's sensations, feelings and thoughts that are present in their field of attention is taken account of and accepted (Bishop et al, 2004). Hargie (2006) states that behaviour that an individual pursues consciously can be said to be mindful, while automatic behaviour must be ...

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Stress in the context of birth order

23 Mar 2015

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This paper reviews literature reflecting on birth order as a determinant of personality characteristics and their role in response to stress. There is agreement that birth order dynamics alone cannot explain an individual's response to stressful situations. In order to gauge the full effect of birth order dynamics the role and interplay between various variables must be fully considered. Birth order dynamics and its effect on stress ...

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Brain Mechanism And Artificial Intelligence Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Artificial Intelligence is the art of programming computers in order to produce intelligent behavior, whereas brain theory is the study of the brains function, to understand how the brain functions, the stimulations that go within and how outputs are produced via mathematical modeling and computer stimulation. It can be argued that both contain similar characteristics for functionality, both works together, this can be seen through artificial intelligence ...

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Depression In Relationship To Bullying Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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The purpose of this research paper is to examine qualitatively the correlation between depression and suicide in relationship to bullying. Significant research has been conducted using surveys, questionnaires, interviews, and quantitative data has been supplied to explore this recent phenomenon among today's children and adolescents. The results of this data indicate there may be a distinct correlation between bullying and cases of suicide. Introduction The affects of ...

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Cronbachs Alpha Reliability Analysis Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

5 (1,721 )

Scale measurement is an important element in survey. The survey in this study involved 3 sections, which are section A, section B and section C. Nominal scale was used in survey section A, and ordinal scale was used in survey section B and C. Nominal scale is scale that labels the items rather than scales it (Howell, 2009). It includes male or female and yes or no. ...

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Describe the physical and psychological aspects of hypnosis

23 Mar 2015

6 (2,090 )

In order to get a clear understanding of what hypnosis is we will first look at the history of hypnosis and the different concepts which have emerged over the years from as early as the 1700's to modern day. We will start from the grandfather of hypnosis, Franz Anton Mesmer (1766) continuing onto others such as Abbe Faria (1814), Freud (1873). Once having looked at the history ...

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Review of early adult romantic relationships

23 Mar 2015

6 (2,328 )

This essay critically reviews the topic of "early adult romantic relationships", with a particular focus on "Personality, Family History and Competence in Early Adult Romantic Relationships", by Donnellan, Larsen-Rife, & Conger (2005), as an example of the type of methodology used in this field, outlining the research and its contribution to the topic. The following essay will provide a brief background and context information pertaining to the ...

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Relationship between extraversion and neuroticism and bullying

23 Mar 2015

4 (1,542 )

My aim for this current study was to investigate whether there was a relationship between extraversion and neuroticism and bullying. In my opinion I think someone who has an extraversion and neuroticism personality that gets bullied will have an opposite side at the end of it. These are the two hypotheses for this report, if there will be a relationship between extraversion scores and self reported frequency of bullying ...

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The Theories Of Structuralism And Functionalism Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

4 (1,406 )

This research paper will explain both theories of structuralism and functionalism by using the dualist prospective to explain the interactional pattern between both these theories with the mind and body. Furthermore there will be an explanation of how both structuralism and functionalism have impacted the practice of psychology in these modern times. Then there will be an explanation about how both these theories are needed to describe ...

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Early Detection And Diagnosis Of Autism Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

11 (4,054 )

At the age of 8, 1 in 88 children are estimated to be affected by autism, it is also estimated that the likelihood of boys being affected is 1 in 54. Autism is quickly on the rise. In 2006 it was estimated that 1 in 110 children were affected by autism, in 2004 1 in 125 were affected by autism and in 2002 1 in 150 were ...

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Teenage Drug Addiction Problem And Solution Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

5 (1,836 )

Is your teenager using drugs? Is he or she addicted to them? One will learn how to be aware and identify if his or her teenager is using drugs. You as a parent can prevent your child from doing drugs. It is a dangerously manner. Every parent should be the first ones to try and eradicate drugs. You and your teenager should learn the short-term and long-term ...

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The Effects Of Music On Memory Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

4 (1,213 )

Memory is the power of a persons mind to remember things where it is a mental activity that involves receiving, storing and recalling information. The microscopic chemical changes which occur at the joining points between neurons in the brain are where the memories are stored. The activity of the neurons in the brain, when the information flows through, affects the strength of the response. The strength of ...

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The Difference between Gender and Age in Drawing

23 Mar 2015

5 (1,994 )

This study examined the relationship between children's drawing abilities, development and age. 63 young children were approached to draw a picture at a local school; the final sample consisted of 28 females and 14 males. Mean age for the sample was 6.81. It has been assumed that as children get older their ability to draw develops however there are factors that can limit some children's development. The ...

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Effects of donepezil in healthy young adults

23 Mar 2015

12 (4,640 )

Rationale: The cholinergic system is involved in the modulation of both bottom-up and top-down attentional control. Top-down attention engages multiple executive control processes, but few studies have investigated whether all or selective elements of executive functions are modulated by the cholinergic system.. Objective: To investigate the acute effects of the pro-cholinergic donepezil in young, healthy volunteers on distinct components of executive functions. Methods: We conducted a double-blind, ...

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Responsible Sexual Health Behavior And The Transtheoretical Model

23 Mar 2015

7 (2,606 )

Healthy People 2010, created by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, set goals to improve health behaviors and increase the healthy population by the year 2010. One of those goals is increasing responsible sexual health behavior. Responsible sexual health behaviors include regular condom use, abstinence, and any other methods used to the spread of sexually transmitted infections and prevent unintended pregnancies. Adolescent pregnancies cost the ...

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Infant memory capacity

23 Mar 2015

11 (4,069 )

Literature Review The topic of infant memory capacity has been highly debated throughout the course of history. For many years, most individuals believed that infants had almost no capacity for any type of memory. This belief was referred to as "infantile amnesia" and stated that until around the age of toddlerhood, infants were not able to form, and later retrieve, any type of information from this period ...

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Borderline personality disorder is a chronic psychiatric disorder

23 Mar 2015

5 (1,991 )

instability of mood and interpersonal relationships, and suicidal behaviour that can complicate medical care" (Canadian Medical Association, 2005). Borderline personality disorder (PBD) is one of the disorders that nurses may encounter frequently. The DSM-IV divides personality disorders into three different clusters depending on their similarity of their symptoms that they may present, BPD falls into cluster B. Cluster B "includes antisocial, histrionic, borderline, and narcissistic personality disorders. ...

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Theories Explaining The Cause Of Dyslexia Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

4 (1,345 )

According to this hypothesis dyslexia is caused due to the impairment of the phonological module which disrupts the ability to sequence the written word into its phonetic constituents[ D. Shankweiler et al,1995]. Reading is a complex process that involves two steps: decoding and comprehension[P.B. Gough,1986]. The process of comprehension requires higher order cognitive abilities like intelligence, vocabulary[D.L. Share,1995] which are left unaffected in dyslexia[Shaywitz SE,2001]. Decoding involves ...

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Video Game Causes Behavioral Problems Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

5 (1,921 )

Firstly, one of the major concerns of video games is that they increase the nature of violence among the youth. The Harvard medical school or the Journal of adolescent health, as well as the British medical journal have concluded that there is a huge link between video game and violence. Researchers have found out that there is a certain pattern between video game and the behavioral problems ...

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Age and Gender Differences in Attitudes

23 Mar 2015

7 (2,473 )

A survey was carried out among people from two different age categories to determine whether age and gender individually result in different attitudes towards seeking psychological help. The 653 participants each completed a shorter version of the Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale survey. The survey results were later grouped based on gender where there was 319 males and 334 females. The gender groups were again ...

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ADHD in Singapore

23 Mar 2015

5 (1,943 )

ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER IN SINGAPORE In recent times, there had been a rise in the number of children who are attending school and are diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The symptoms often impair these individuals to receive an education and also interfere with their learning. While there are numerous other treatments around for ADHD, parents and teachers alike have been relying heavily upon the ...

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Correlates of criminal behavior

23 Mar 2015

8 (2,976 )

Introduction Factors that correlate with crime are those, such as economic deprivation, that demonstrate a relationship with the incidence of criminal behavior. It is crucial to remember that correlations only tell us that there is a relationship between one variable and another they do not tell us what is causing what. For example, there is an association between failing at school and juvenile delinquency but we cannot ...

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Young Mania Rating Scale

23 Mar 2015

3 (896 )

The Young Mania Rating Scale (Young et al. 1978) is comprised of 11 items and used to rate symptoms of mania. Seven items have a score range of 0 to 4 while four items have scores ranging from 0 to 8. The total score ranges from 0 to 56 with lower scores representing fewer symptom and higher scores representing more symptoms. Scores are based on clinician-assessment and ...

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Personality Traits What Extent It Affects Employees Performance Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

8 (2,964 )

There are two approaches to personality: nomothetic and idiographic. The nomothetic approach presumes that personality is inherited and environmental factors don't play a high role (Buchanan, Huczynski, (2010). pp. 174). This approach takes a number of variables into account while studying personality such as traits (Iverson Software Co., 2006). This is on the nature side of the nature-nurture debate (Buchanan, Huczynski, (2010). pp. 174). This approach is ...

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The Characteristics And Issues Of Psychopaths Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

10 (3,649 )

There are characters in the society whose habits and moral behaviors are something out of the ordinary. These individuals exist in each and every society. They have the propensity to engage in certain inhuman activities without being empathetic in any way. The cruel acts they commit do not seem at all cruel to them and most of the time, they like shifting the blame from them as ...

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Phonological Process And Language Development Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

4 (1,387 )

Stampe first introduced concept of phonological processes which could explain how speech sound errors were a product of a failure to suppress natural tendencies of the perception and production systems and according to him learning of sound system requires suppression of a number of innate simplifying process and simultaneously increasing number of contrast sounds. During the developmental period, children's production errors can be reliably classified according to ...

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Study into how the Human Memory works

23 Mar 2015

3 (1,014 )

Memory is the act of recalling or remembering past events. Psychologists define memory as the ability to store, retain and recall information. Or memory can also be defined as the process of acquiring information through encoding by changing it to a usable form, storage for later use and retrieval by bringing stored memories into conscious awareness state. In order to understand the human memory and how it ...

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A study into paraphilias and its effects

23 Mar 2015

6 (2,223 )

Statistics report, At least 1 woman in 7 will be raped in her lifetime. Because only 1 rape in 5 is reported, the true figure is much higher (CDC, 2007; FVPF,2007). Many would consider these women a victim, but could the perpetrator also be suffering from something we as observers have not yet considered, something far worse? Perhaps the mark of true sexual deviations, the compulsive and ...

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Returning to sport after long term injury

23 Mar 2015

7 (2,745 )

After suffering a serious injury the journey of returning to sport for an athlete, can be a difficult and a demanding process (Podlog & Eklund, 2006). An athlete's journey back to sport and their response to injury and the rehabilitation process has been investigated by multiple studies (Bianco, Malo, & Orlick, 1999; Podlog, & Eklund, 2007; Weiss, 2003), which have resulted in finding that successfull rehabilitation for ...

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Definition and the five stages of perception

23 Mar 2015

3 (1,041 )

Perception is the process which people are aware of objects and events in the external world. Perception occurs in five stages: stimulation, organization, interpretation-evaluation, memory and recall. People studied perception as the need to solve a particular problems, arise simply from intellectual curiosity about themselves and the world. It is important to know just what kind of perceptual demands can reasonably be placed on human senses without ...

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Evaluation of three attachment style theories

23 Mar 2015

3 (935 )

An emotional attachment bond or security, care, comfort and pleasure is involved. John bowlby which said attachment attachment theory proposes the concept of psychological connectedness between human beings that exist in a permanent, according to him is an evolutionary component. Starting with your mother or care giver bonds formed by children is a wonderful impact that continues throughout life and even children, AOS is likely to exist. ...

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Influence by peers in adolescents

23 Mar 2015

8 (2,883 )

Introduction According to Erikson (1950), during adolescence, the development of new identities which are meaningful are of upmost importance to the individual. This is due to the fact that adolescence is a period of time in which individuals become more independent from their families and as a result, peer groups become much more influential than they were previously (Kandel & Andrews, 1987; Windle, 2000; Wood, Vinson & ...

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Goodness Of Fit Of A Logistic Regression Model Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

10 (3,798 )

Logistic regression is a linear regression analysis to conduct when the dependent variable is dichotomous (binary).It is predictable and use to describe data and to explain relationship between one dependent binary variable and one or more metric independent variables. It assumes that dependent variable is a stochastic event (Dallag 2007, Field 2009, Gujarati, 2006, Sim 2009). Logistic regression uses logistics function as illustrated below: In (Ï€/1-Ï€) lies ...

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Social Environment Can Influence Behaviors And Stress Levels Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

8 (3,045 )

Historically and in evolution terms the natural way for the human body to deal with stress is the basic fight or flight response to a stressor. However, in today's industrialised world this is often dysfunctional to individuals for many reasons and prevention and/or intervention is needed to ensure there isn't a detrimental effect on the health and wellbeing of the person. When early humans were confronted with ...

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The Phonological Similarity Effect In Working Memory Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015

6 (2,235 )

A considerable amount of cognitive, behavioural research has been conducted on the working memory model and the role of the phonological loop and similarity effects on the serial recall paradigm. The purpose of this study was to extend the existing research available in support of the evidence for Baddeley and Hitch (1974) working memory model and the role of the phonological loop. A group of 18 undergraduate ...

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