Psychology Essays | Free Essays on Psychology

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Study on confidentiality in therapeutic settings

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,427 Words)

The ethical code of the American Psychological Association plays an integral part in the psychologist's professional duties. One of the most important of these codes is that of privacy and confidentiality (Standard 4.0). Confidentiality plays a crucial role in the psychologist/client relationship. Most clients view the psychologist as someone they can confide in. How can a psychologist avoid breaching confidentiality in both personal and professional settings? And ...

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The Field Of Genetic Counselling Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,775 Words)

Over the past fifty years, the field of genetic counselling has been constantly evolving, often changing the roles and adjusting the values of genetic counsellors within the field. This progress can be monitored by looking at the genetic counselling literature from various decades and comparing fundamental values of the profession at a certain time period. In this paper, an evaluation of genetic counselling services is based on ...

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The Role Of The Listener In Skinners Verbal Behavior Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,793 Words)

Abstract This paper examines Skinner's analysis of the role of a listener in a speaker-listener verbal episode as a mediation of reinforcement for the speaker's behavior. Reinforcement as a mediation is an important component yet at the same time it is insufficient definitional aspect concerning the role of the listener. As the behavior of the listener is more complex and needs to be considered more fully. Moreover, ...

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Critically compare any two theories of persuasion

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,031 Words)

Critically compare any two theories of persuasion Persuasion is a large factor in attitude change and follows several criteria of information processing (McGuire, 1969). Persuasion is a process of guiding people towards an idea, attitude of action. To allow this process to work and for attitudes to work a definition of an attitude needs to be defined, ‘attitudes are evaluations of something (called the attitude object) (Hewstone ...

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INTRODUCTION TO STRESS

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

16 Pages (6,224 Words)

People experience stress in private life and at work place. People have to work effectively against time and within the parameter of various rules and regulations. It is not always possible to create an organizational climate conducive to work. Various departments, groups and external environment factors affect individual behaviour. Minimal level of stress is required for organizations to operate effectively. Excessive stress is harmful for the individual ...

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Effects of stress on undergraduate academic performance

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,029 Words)

Studies have identified that the sources of stress, which influence the performance of students, change because of the wide extent of stressors whilst at university. Stress is one of the most common emotions that are experienced by human beings (Alansari, 2006). There can be a number of reasons why students develop stress, personal factors that are unique to the individual are categorised by the demographic classification. Students ...

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The Treatment Of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,587 Words)

Abstract-Internet of Things (IoT) is the network that connects everything with internet, through various types of information sensor devices, such as RFID, microwave sensor, global positioning system and laser scanner. The purpose of the IoT is to create an environment in which the basic information from any one of the networked autonomous actors can be efficiently shared with others in real-time. These factors cooperate to assist the ...

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A psychological study into dysfunctional families

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,046 Words)

A dysfunctional family system exists when problems in one or more of the hierarchical, boundary or alignment elements of its structure have impaired its resources for coping with and adapting effectively to contextual stressors (Goldenberg & Goldenberg, 2004). This largely centers on families who are neglecting or lacking in their performances and responsibilities of a family, allowing abuse and neglect to run common, so that a child ...

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Skinners theory, methodology and research in personality development

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,826 Words)

The field of personality development is a source of continuous scrutiny and criticism within the subject of Psychology. In particular, the basis of Skinner's theory of personality has attracted a large amount of criticism, however, despite this its contribution regarding the development of personality cannot be disregarded, particularly when considering specific pertinent elements theorised that are still upheld within Psychological thought today. An ongoing debate of the ...

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Background and history of intelligence testing

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,101 Words)

The first intelligence test to be administered was in France in 1905 by Alfred Binet and Theophile Simon. The purpose of the first intelligence test was to identify mentally deficient children in French public Schools (Franklin 2007). Henry Goddard followed and, translated the intelligence test in 1910, and administered it to what he believed were four hundred children who lacked intellectuality and following year the number of ...

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Treatment For Women Survivors Of Childhood Abuse Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,020 Words)

Many women in the United States are adult survivors of child abuse. As testimony to this to this fact, it was discovered in surveys of 1,931 women that up to 62% had a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and up to 30% reported childhood physical abuse (McCauley et al). Numerous female adult survivors of child abuse will experience psychological and behavioral issues as a result, and ...

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The Neuropsychological Double Dissociation Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,175 Words)

Uncomfortable bedfellows; according to Bishop this constitutes the relationship between cognitive neuropsychology and developmental disorders. Boyle et al. (2011) showed that one out of six children suffer from a developmental disorder. The ICD-10 (WHO, 1992) defines developmental disorders (DD) as fulfilling three categories: an early onset, a delay in developmental functions relating to the CNS or biological maturation and a lack of remission. The DSM-IV (APA, 2000) ...

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Background Associated with schizoaffective Disorder

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,412 Words)

The term schizoaffective psychosis was introduced by the American psychiatrist Jacob Kasanin in 1933 to describe an episodic psychotic illness with predominant affective symptoms that at the time to be good-prognosis schizophrenia. Kasanin concept of the illness was influenced by the psychoanalytic teachings of Adolf Meyer and Kasanin postulated that schizoaffective psychosis was caused by "emotional conflicts" of a "mainly sexual nature" and that psychoanalysis "would help ...

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Effects of Parental Empathic Attunement on Children:

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,299 Words)

Parents have a significant impact on a child's emotional development and socialization. Eisenberg, Cumberland, and Spinrad (1998) postulated that parental reactions to children's experience and emotional expression are "examples of ways in which parents can directly socialize children's emotion-related reactions" (Eisenberg, Cumberland, & Spinrad, 1998, p. 241). Eisenberg et al. (1998) identified parents' emotion-related socializing behaviors (ERSBs) to socialize their children's emotions as parental reactions to children's ...

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Selfish Gene Theory And Evolution Of Altruistic Behaviour Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,727 Words)

Certainly, humans are subject to the same processes of evolutionary changes as all other living creatures on earth. Obviously, these changes are the product of a long period and occur because of genetic transmission, diversity and selection over many generations. However, Barett invented the 'selfish gene' theory which cited that ''selection refers not to the survival of the species but instead to the survival of the genes ...

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Theory Of Planned Behaviour Tpb Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,386 Words)

Pregnant women are advised to engage in 30 minutes of exercise per day American College of Sports Medicine, 2000, however exercise can decreases during pregnancy Sternnfeld et al, 1995 with 58% of pregnant women being sedentary, 18% higher than the US adult population (Zhang & Savitz, 1996). This lack of exercise may be due to psychological and physiological strain (Monk et al, 2000). Exercise has been found ...

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Person Centred Therapy Strength And Weaknesses Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,648 Words)

Person centred approach is a humanistic phenomenological approach founded by Carl Rodgers, an American humanistic psychologist who believed in a way an individual sees themselves and realising their full potential for their personal growth and personal development he called "self actualisation". When there is no relationship between experience and the individual perception of self, a human being experiences anxiety and depression. This results in unpleasant feelings which ...

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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Working In A Group Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,558 Words)

According to Ian Brooks, "Organisation behaviour (OB) is the study of human behaviour in organisational contexts with a focus on individuals and group processes and actions". "Hence it involves an exploration of organisation and managerial processes in the dynamic context of the organisation and is primarily concerned with the human implication of such activity" (Brooks, 2009). Overview Groups Group has always been a characteristic of human behaviour ...

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Parental involvement and biopsychosocial well being among children

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,691 Words)

This chapter will discuss the general picture of this study. Specifically, the chapter includes a general description of the purpose for this study, its relationship to current phenomena, problems related to it and last but not least, the reason this topic needs to be investigated. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between daily hassles, parental involvement and biopsychosocial well-being among children. According to ...

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CHILDREN are precious and special in the lives of the parents

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,333 Words)

Children are the asset of nation. They are precious and special in the lives of the parents. The children are frightened to come to the hospital and start crying on seeing health personnel as they associate hospital and health personnel with pain. Hospitalisation constitutes a crisis in infants life as the child has to undergo major stress like pain. A population based data on hospital admission for ...

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Programs Associated With Behavior Modification Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (4,978 Words)

This papers intent is not to address all of the programs associated with behavior modification, But simply to establish the some of the types of behavior modification programs available to probation and parole authorities. This report covers the basics of behavior modification, the theory behind it, as well as cognitive behavior modification. It touches on the use of evidence-based practices, motivational interviewing, as well as some of ...

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Intelligence Is Difficult To Operationalise Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (865 Words)

Intelligence is difficult to operationalise, as the definition varies according to different culture. Thus there is no single unified universal definition of intelligence. However, Sternberg and Kaufrman, (1998) define intelligence as the quality to form relationships, solve problems, learn and adapt to situations. This leads to success and fulfilment in a specific culture and time. Number of theories have been conducted to identify the nature of intelligence, Spearman (1904) ...

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Theories used to explain human growth and development

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,408 Words)

This essay will discuss some of the theories used to explain human growth and development and discuss the pros and cons of each theory in relation to different life stages and show how each theory can be applied to social work practice. The theories outlined in this essay include the debate over nature verses nurture; from its beginnings through to its progression into the study of growth ...

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History and treatment of Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,132 Words)

History of Narcissistic Personality Disorder Historically, narcissism was associated with someone who had sexual perversions or excessive masturbation issues. There was a Greek myth in which a beautiful young man named Narcissus made of the Gods angry and she cursed him to fall in love with his own image; this is where Narcissism gets its name. (Wade & Tavris, 2008) Havelock Ellis, was the first to use ...

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Aggression And Coping Strategies Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

17 Pages (6,545 Words)

This study has explored links between emotional intelligence, aggression level and coping strategies, as well as the variables contribute during students academic life. In this study, it is sought to hypostasise three variables (1) students with low Emotional Intelligence level will have a prediction of higher level of Aggression (2) students with higher level of Aggression have effective Coping Strategies and (3) there will be a relationship ...

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Looking At Tax Knowledge Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,658 Words)

Chapter 2 provides a further explanation regarding on the research study and there are five sections, namely review of literature, review of relevant theoretical models, proposed conceptual framework, hypotheses development and conclusion. Firstly, review of the literature outlines the past literatures and their methodologies as well as findings that are relevant to the constructs are reviewed. Following by the review of relevant theoretical models, researchers have to ...

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Sigmund freuds theory and carl rogers theory

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,588 Words)

The Psychodynamic approach came about in the 19th Century, the most famous person connected to this approach was Sigmund Freud. Freud believed that everything we do, say or the way we behave is due to our childhood. This is where Freud came up with psychosexual stages. Freud believed that if at any time during the psychosexual stages there were problems, this would have a lasting effect on ...

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Social Influence Conformity Compliance And Obedience Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,424 Words)

Social influence refers to the ways in which external factors trigger change in an individual. It guides the way we form our thoughts and organize our overt behaviour and actions. Conformity, compliance and obedience are all forms of social influence that strongly affect our everyday lives. This paper looks into the three different concepts of social influence, focusing particularly on the factors that affect the extent of ...

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Relationship between perfectionism and social anxiety

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,070 Words)

1.1 Introduction Perfectionism is the attitude of an individual that strives to achieve perfection in everything they do. People with perfectionism tend to outdo themselves and make sure everything is in the best form. As perfectionism strives one to be perfect, it is also taxing on the individual for they are pressured to excel, or to meet standards either imposed by others or oneself. This strive is ...

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The importance of counting in early number development

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,251 Words)

Counting is the action of finding the number of elements of a finite set of objects by continually increasing a counter by a unit for every element in the set, in some order. Counting is used by children to demonstrate knowledge of the number names and number system. Archaeological evidence suggests that humans have been counting for at least 50,000 years, and in ancient cultures counting was ...

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Investigation into the effects of existential therapy

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,655 Words)

Who am I? What is the good life? What is the meaning of life? Is life worth anything? How can one find happiness? What does it mean to be an authentic person? The questions above represent a few of what therapists term existential questions (Glassock & Small, 2001). These questions differ from others in that they are philosophical and concern essential matters pertaining human existence. Simply put, ...

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The Term Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

23 Pages (8,976 Words)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (hereafter referred to as ADHD) as defined by the DSM-IV-TR, is "a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is more frequently displayed and more severe than is typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development." It is as yet not very well known in our small island of Mauritius but it is now starting to be recognized and treated as ...

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Self Efficacy Among Academically Low And High Achievers

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

20 Pages (7,763 Words)

The present study aims to assess the relationship of mindfulness with self-efficacy among academically low and high achievers as Confidence and belief in achieving goals is a good predictor of success. Mindfulness is an inherent state of consciousness that differs among individuals for a variety of reasons and that can be changed by individual. The definition of mindfulness points out that it is the awareness that emerges ...

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Five Theories of Psychology and Child Motivation

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,085 Words)

Theories of psychology have been applied in various fields to test out its reliability and relevance to certain situations. Out of all the theories five of them have become well accepted and widely used in motivation and learning. They are namely behavioural, cognitive, developmental, humanistic and personality theories. These theories have gained much support from the psychological society and many other theories have their origins from these ...

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The Relationship Between Extroversion And Physiological Measures Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,138 Words)

There has been a substantial research into the relationship between how extroverted an individual is and their physiological measures (Eysenck, 1967, cited in Martin, Carlson, & Buskist, 2007). Many studies have been carried out across the world to investigate this relationship and how environment and genetics can contribute to extroversion within individuals. The present study looked at the relationship between extraversion and physiological measures in Psychology undergraduate ...

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Study on the Relationship Between Stress and Illness

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,355 Words)

Symptoms of stress can be evident in different ways including physically, emotionally or mentally. This is dependent on what is causing the stress to occur. Physical A stressful situation can cause the body to display various symptoms including tension headaches, inability to sleep, raised blood pressure, problems with the digestive system, nervousness, alopecia, and strokes. A cause of physical stress could be a car accident or starvation ...

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Evidence for the constructivist theory of visual perception

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,968 Words)

In order to answer the topic one must describe what the constructivist theory is with the use of examples that have been proposed from the theorists in this domain. The purpose is to provide an insightful evaluation to the novice reader of visual perception from the constructivist position. The first point to commence is an illustration of understanding the definition of visual perception, secondly to evaluate the ...

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Case Study: Psychopathic Genes

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,758 Words)

Many people are afraid of the concept of death and what happens after life. But, many aren't aware of the people that take life from others. Killers roam our streets but, aren't easy to spot. They blend in with our looks and sometimes personalities. It is only possible to tell by their actions, for example when they have committed a gruesome crime. Little is known about psychopaths, ...

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Use of psychodynamic approach for treatment and intervention

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,091 Words)

The place of psychoanalytic and psychodynamic treatments within psychiatry is controversial (Auchincloss 2002; Gabbard, Gunderson and Fonagy 2002; Kernberg 2002; Wallerstein 2002). Based on the now aged principles of Freudian psychology, as of today there are several theoretical orientations in understanding human emotion and development (Leichsenring, Rabung and Leibing 2004). However, the intervention generally refers to a specific type of treatment in which the patient is analysed ...

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Stress Among Women Working In Banking Industry Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,460 Words)

Women in India have served a lot after independence. From just a experienced homemaker, women today have gained skills and potential of not just being a homemaker but being at parity with their male counterpart. Moreover, varying roles of working women, they have preserved the conventional work culture of household. Now a day the companies are thriving towards high rate that the women have to work for ...

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Key characteristics of life-span development

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,758 Words)

Erik Erikson suggests that development is a life-long continuous process in which gains and losses in development occur throughout the life cycle. This challenges the concept of "critical periods" in Freud's theory. Development is multidimensional: Development occurs in the biological, cognitive, and social domains. The biological domain includes the physical changes an individual experiences throughout the course of their life. This would include growth and development in ...

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Social psychological theories of attitude formation and stereotypes

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,859 Words)

Attitudes and Stereotypes are formed on the basis of a physical characteristic or a physical fact. There are three components to an attitude, a cognitive component, this is the thoughts and beliefs about the group or individual, the way in which we perceive them. An affective component, these are the feelings towards that group or individual, for example hate or anger. Lastly the behavioural component is the ...

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The Background Of Materialism Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,789 Words)

Interest in the topic of materialism and its influence is overt as early as in the Greek philosophers. Studies of materialism have increased in recent years and most of those studies verified different aspects of materialism which involved social or individual consequences. However, still other research revealed that materialism is neither bad nor good. It also represented a socially construct that vary depending on a society's value ...

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Sexual values and sexual behaviour among malaysian youths

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

18 Pages (7,191 Words)

In recent years, society began to show concern about sexual behavior of the young generation. The openness of young generation about sex is a very new issue for the adults. Sexuality is one of the primarily needs of human (Higgins & Browne, 2008). A research involving 269,649 participants from United State showed that the sexual activity of young men and women has increased over time (Wells & ...

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Brief History Of Positive Psychology Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (4,943 Words)

The advent of positive psychology as we know it today can be traced back to Martin E. P. Seligmans 1998 Presidential Address to the American Psychological Association (Seligman, 1999). Following a serendipitous holiday meeting between Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi in winter 1997 (Csikszentmihalyi, 2003), and an epiphanic moment when gardening with his daughter Nikki (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000), Seligman realized that psychology had largely neglected the latter two ...

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Case Study of a young boy with Autism

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,221 Words)

Ivan is a 7-year-old boy that requires an assessment concerning developmental problems. Specifically, we are to evaluate his cognitive, language, and behavioral abilities. His speech problems have led some to suspect he suffers from some form of autism. Ivan was adopted when he was 5 years-old by Basenji by Major Anthony Nelson and Jeannie Nelson. For the last two years Ivan's parents have become increasingly frustrated at ...

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Ways Of Coping With Stress In Everyday Life Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,341 Words)

Stress is an ongoing problem that happens in everyone's life. Stress is a simple term used by many people, most of the time it is misunderstood or used to describe a condition of a person. It is a known factor that stresses plays are large part of everyone's daily living, many people learn to either manage stress or have been placed on some type of medication to ...

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The Big Five Personality Factors Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (4,833 Words)

This study investigated the utility of the Big Five personality factors in predicting aggressive driving behavior on 100 young Romanian participants. They completed the Aggressive driving behavior (AVIS) test of the psychological Vienna Test System as well as the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP). Previous research findings are also supported by this work, hierarchical multiple regression showing that the only predictor of aggressive driving behavior is low ...

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The Evolution Of Speech Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (4,998 Words)

The evolution of speech is a discussion ripe with many theories and ideas coming in to play from many disciplines. In the 1860s it was a discussion taken to so fondly that both the British Academy and the Linguistic Society of Paris cautioned their members not to engage in such discussion, too frequently leading to so many flamboyant invalid theories surrounding the enigma. Even the Noam Chomsky, ...

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Spirituality And Mental Illness Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,426 Words)

Spirituality is a part of human experience. It often stands as one integral aspect of ones cultural or religious orientation. Likewise, spirituality may also represent one's individual choice, belief, and behavior. Both in terms of traditional and conventional healthcare, there are three aspects of human well-being that should be taken care of: physical, mental, and spiritual health. Physical is for the body, mental is for the mind, ...

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Critical Evaluation Of Research Papers Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,534 Words)

Critiquing is a systematic method of appraising the strengths and limitations of a piece of research in order to determine its credibility and/or its applicability to practice (Jha, 2008). Seeking only limitations in a study is criticism and critiquing and criticism are not the same (Sachdeva, 2009). A critique is an impersonal evaluation of the strengths and weakness of the research study being. There are numerous tools ...

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Reflective paper on the subject of lifespan development

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,627 Words)

During the lifespan developmental stages of infancy, childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood, new needs and stressors arise which if not dealt with appropriately can lead to dysfunctional personality styles and relationships in adulthood. As a future social psychologist interested in conducting research on violent offenders and high risk occupations I was particularly interested in learning about the influence of each stage of development on personality styles. The ...

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A Critical Psychological Approach Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,925 Words)

A qualitative research report using a biographical interview and a thematic approach, to gain an insight into the extent of prejudice in day to day living from the perspective of an individual's experience of an educational institution and through literature promoting the British National Party. Introduction. For this report I will be using information gained during two types of analysis from a critical psychological approach. These approaches ...

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Dietary Supplements And Consumer Behaviour Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

14 Pages (5,257 Words)

Dietary Supplement is becoming a fast lucrative industry, according to a study published by the Journal of Nutrition. 54 of all American adults took Dietary Supplements in 2006. In a global view, Dietary Supplements increased their combined retail value by 16% in the 2006-2011 year period to reach $97.6 billion. The aim of this literature review is to define and describe all terminologies regarding Dietary Supplements and ...

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Differences And Similarities Between Human And Animal Language Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,915 Words)

Animals can and do communicate, but humans are the only species that use language. What is it about our species that enables us to acquire language For many years philosophers have tried to find out the way in which humans and animals communicate. They also tried to compare the differences and similarities between human language and animal call systems. They examined various animals for example birds, chimpanzees, ...

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Symptoms and warning signs of trichotillomania

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,456 Words)

Trichotillomania, also known as "the hair pulling disorder," is a self-destructive disorder defined by a victim's uncontrollable or sometimes unconscious urge to pull his or her hair from its roots. Trichotillomania can vary in intensity. Some patients claim they can control the action while others are faced with the overpowering urge to incessantly pull out hair. This type of behavior is rather uncommon and can interfere with ...

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Most popular selection methods

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,862 Words)

In this assignment the two most popular selection methods i.e., Panel Interviews & Assessment centres, will be discussed as both of them are widely used and are quite efficient methods of selection. The limitations of each selection method will be discussed and their role in the formation of psychological contract will also be defined. Later on, towards the second half of this assignment there will be a ...

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Hypnosis as Altered State of Consciousness

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

18 Pages (6,835 Words)

The structure of this section begins with the explanation of concepts, followed by supporting theory and research studies. The variable examined in the present study is the subjective experience of high hypnotizable individuals. Therefore, this section begins with explaining related concepts to understand the variable studied. 2.1.1 Introduction It is important to define Consciousness, before going to explain hypnosis as altered state of consciousness. Pekala (2009) defines ...

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Applying psychological perpective to a case study

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,043 Words)

The aim of this report is to apply psychological perspectives of human growth and development to a specific case study. To demonstrate an understanding of psychological theories of human behaviour with regards to a specific stage in life and to identify ways in which these theories underpin the social work profession. This report will analyse the case of Tina with primarily giving the history and evidence of ...

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Case study: Relational Aggression

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,139 Words)

Adolescents today face many challenges with regard to both academics and peer groups. Unfortunately, one aspect of peer relations is aggression, and many times we often only think of physical aggression. However, relational aggression can also characterize the peer interactions of adolescents, and thus it has gained more attention in research. Relational aggression can be defined as a purposeful act that an individual carries out intentionally in ...

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Psychological Concept Of Gender Identity Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,795 Words)

This paper critically analyses the psychological concept of gender identity. From psychological perspectives, gender identity may be defined as an individual's self-conception as being either male or female (Gilbert 2008, cited in Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman 2009, p.371). Some individuals feel that their biological sex does not reflect their sexual orientations, a situation commonly known as gender dysphoria or gender identity disorder or gender incongruence or transgenderism (Hines ...

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Nature And Nurture On Neural And Cognitive Development

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,055 Words)

Throughout history, an ongoing debate has taken place regarding whether the development of certain aspects of an individual's life are affected more through nature or nurture. Those that argue for nature believe that genes influence an individual's development. Those that believe in nurture's influence claim that an individual's experience has more of an effect upon an adolescent's temperament. Recently, researchers have uncovered evidence that it is not ...

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Testing infant knowledge using violation of expectation method

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,148 Words)

Object permanence is the understanding that object continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard or touch. To investigate whether infants have objection permanence, Baillargeon, Spelke & Wasserman (1985) introduce a method call violation of expectation which can be used to test infants' object permanence. Violation expectation is a method which was focused on whether infants' understand the principle of that a solid object cannot ...

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How the use of electroconvulsive therapy changed

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (5,099 Words)

This is fine but could also be rephrased - perhaps noticing the effects of epileptic fits could come earlier in the paragraph before starting the testing. This seems a little confused and muddled. Not sure if you could make it more clear. Electroconvulsive therapy is "A procedure in which an electric current is used produce a seizure in a patient. This is used to relieve symptoms of ...

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Challenging Behaviour Means The Behaviour Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,554 Words)

Behaviorists believe that origin of all behaviours is as per a stimulus response. As per their assumption our action is largely controlled by the environment in which we are surviving, which results to rendering of stimuli which makes us respond, and also in environment in which we have survived in past, which thus enable us to learn responding to stimuli in a specific manner. Behaviourists can be ...

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What Is Conformity And Obedience Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,045 Words)

According to Saks Krupat, social influence is a process in which an individuals attitudes, beliefs or behaviours are modified by the actions of others. There are various types of social influence, some more subtle than others. Sometimes these influences are unintended, or go unnoticed by the individual. (Cardwell et al, 2000) What is conformity? Conformity is used to show an agreement to the majority, brought on by ...

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Types Of Hypothesis About Dyslexia Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,481 Words)

Dyslexia is the most common disability in children characterised by difficulties in acquiring language skills like reading, writing and spelling(S. Shaywitz and B. Shaywitz,1999).Other symptoms of dyslexia include difficulties in skill automatisation[Nicholson R.I,1990]. According to the U.S national institute of health 'Dyslexia is a brain-based type of learning disability that specifically impairs a person's ability to read. These individuals typically read at levels significantly lower than expected ...

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The idea of being polite and the point of politeness

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,803 Words)

The idea of being polite or that which designate the point of politeness to others is a great virtue to begin with. In that essence, when dealing and attending to or with people or a child with autistic disorder, politeness and understanding their sentiments is also very important. Not all people are blessed or lucky to live a normal life. That is where we can derive the ...

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Sensory Interaction in Sensory Integration Therapy

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,318 Words)

Sensory integration is an important consideration when working with children with Sensory Processing Disorder or sensory processing problems. In order to help this kind of children we need to understand their sensory problems especially touch, vision and hearing and try to use the knowledge and the technologies that we had to develop their sensory interaction like the normal children. This paper begins with the concept of sensory ...

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The Eysenck Personality Inventory Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,402 Words)

Twelve participants completed the testing stage, ranging in age from 20-22 (mean = 20 years and 9 months, SD = 9 months). Using such a homogenous sample was intended to reduce variability and noise in the data, but it should be noted that this may have implications for the generalisability of the results. A sample size of 12 was consistent with Graydon & Murphy (1995). The sample ...

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Stress is a world wide phenomenon of modern lifestyles

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,349 Words)

Stress at work has become these days the headline of news papers and the talk of the day. It is a world wide phenomenon of modern lifestyles to which our island is not an exception. Various researches show that extreme job stress can harmfully affect the emotional and physical health of workers, which ultimately results in decreased productivity, less satisfaction, and less healthy workers. This chapter therefore ...

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Double Dissociation: Optic Ataxia and Visual Form Agnosia

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,955 Words)

"Organisms, at one level, are obviously collections of parallel systems that are potentially independent, although normally interactive." (Weiskrantz, 1990) The argument of separate visual processing streams is a long and turbulent one, which stems largely from Ungerleider and Mishkin's (1982) early work with monkeys. Following this research, Mishkin, Ungerleider, and Macko (1983) suggested two streams of processing. They characterised the ventral stream as the "what" route, used ...

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History of Rogers and his Person centred approach

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,045 Words)

The Person-centred approach (PCA) to therapy was developed by Carl Rogers (1902-87). Carl Rogers was brought up by what he described as loving but 'controlling' religious parents who expected him to work hard. As a boy he had an interest in science and often conducted his own experiments. Following the First World War, he studied agriculture at college in Wisconson where Rogers had the opportunity to take ...

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Desire to be disabled: Body Integrity Identity Disorder

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,467 Words)

Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID) is a rare phenomenon in which individuals desire to become disabled through the amputation of fully functioning limbs. BIID is described as the disparity between the individual's perception of their body and the actual form of their physical body (Bayne & Levy, 2005). Other psychological disorders and classifications have been linked to BIID, including Gender Identity Disorder, Body Dysmorphic Disorder, and Hypochondriasis. ...

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The Impact Of School Phobia On Education Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,645 Words)

Phobia, which is a type of anxiety or fear, is a basic human emotion usually considered to be a response to objects or situations that threaten physical safety or emotional well-being. School phobia is a situational phobia found in early childhood whereby the child refuses to attend school due to a certain overwhelming fear. Many youngsters at some time in their school years might actually experience different ...

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Reflective report of adolescent developmental psychology

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,962 Words)

In this essay, I will be discussing the adolescence stage of my life when I had to move from Singapore to UK. Development theories explain how children develop their personality from the experiences they go through and how they also learn how to relate with others from their past experiences. Jean Piaget (1896 - 1980) and Erik Erikson (1902 - 1994), had considerable studies in the developmental ...

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Comparison of schwartz value theory and self determination

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,206 Words)

A need is an innate drive all organisms possess and desire to fulfil to maintain optimal functioning of the self. The Self Determination Theory (SDT) developed by Ryan & Deci ( ) is a theory of motivation and personality which proposes that humans are active organisms who posses to strive for three basic, innately drive psychological needs; competence, autonomy and relatedness. These needs should be constantly satisfied ...

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Benefits and limitations of cognitive behavioral therapy treatment

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,190 Words)

The NICE Guidelines (2009) are followed by the NHS. It offers the following guidance to medical practitioners on the treatment of depression: For those with Mild to Moderate What is Depression? "Although depression has been recognized as a clinical syndrome for over 2000 years, as yet, no completely satisfactory explanation of its puzzling and paradoxical features has been found. There are still major unresolved issues regarding its ...

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Piaget underestimated childrens cognitive abilities in his theory

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,342 Words)

Piaget's developmental theory is based on four stages on the child's development. The first is the Sensori motor stage which is from birth to two years. This is when an infant differentiates itself from objects. The infant also have no object permanence. The infant demonstrates simple reflexes from the first habits, up to the coordination of means and goals. Intelligence at this stage is highly based on ...

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Neural Pathways and Mechanisms in Pain Sensation

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,754 Words)

Pain is a type of sensation that can be sensible if we have external stimuli which will be harmful for us. It can because of both external stimuli and upon internal bodily damage. Pain is important in directing our attention toward a danger and holding it when a harmful stimulus is experienced. Therefore it is critical for survival. By taking into account this information, the current paper ...

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Motivation to Exercise: Social or Personal Factors?

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,464 Words)

Everybody needs to exercise regardless of one's age, gender, socio-economic status, or even physical or mental capabilities. Exercising can be in the form of sports, going to the gym or merely just walking around the housing area. According to Hornby (2005), the word exercise means activities; bodily activities such as moving the extremities or the trunk and psychological actions that is done in order to maintain health. ...

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Relationship between prefrontal cortex and antisocial behaviour

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (987 Words)

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is an essential aspect of the frontal lobes in the brain. Executive function is carried out by the prefrontal cortex: where abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts and to determine what is good or bad operate. The PFC is connected very compactly with the rest of the brain which allows the PFC to be responsible for guiding features such as memory, emotion, decision-making, ...

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Happiness Is The Most Valuable Aim Of Humans Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,912 Words)

In today's world without exception everyone wants a happy and fulfilling life. The people around us, the society which we belong and even media tells us daily that the only way to reach a happy and fulfilling life is to have a higher income. But, is it true? Firstly we have to examine the meaning of happiness. Most commonly, happiness is known as a state of mind ...

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Knowledge of observation in becoming a good counsellor

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,105 Words)

Every human being has the tendency to carry out observation of one sort or the other as it is part of the daily life. During the creation or invention of technology, the scientist took observation of most the events that happened which helped in the establishment of facts that were propounded into theory and later became laws that are scientifically proved. In the same vein, the job ...

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State Dependent Utility Theory Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,106 Words)

Under expected utility (EU) theory, insurance demand is a choice between an uncertain loss that occurs with a probability when uninsured and a certain loss like paying a premium (Manning and Marquis, 1996). EU theory assumes that people are risk averse and make choices between taking a risk that has different implications on wealth. At the time of insurance choice, consumers are uncertain whether they will be ...

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The Controversy of Diagnosis in the Social Work Profession

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,912 Words)

Introduction The historical evolution of the field of social work has lent itself to an assortment of different views as to how the practice of diagnosis fits into the social work profession. I will discuss and analyze the debate within the social work field regarding the controversy of diagnosis and labeling and how it fits within the strengths based empowerment perspective. I will do this by critiquing ...

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Chemistry Of Antidepressants And Forms Of Depression Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,973 Words)

Each and every person intermittently feels blue or sad; however these feelings are typically ephemeral and go by in a couple of days. Once a person experiences a depressive disorder, it tends to interfere with the person's life on a daily basis, ordinary functioning, and in majority of the cases leads to an excruciating pain for both the individual with the disorder as well those involved in ...

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Essay Evaluating Two Psychological Approaches Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,402 Words)

Psychology is defined as the scientific study of human and animal behaviour which enables us to understand why living beings behave as they do. Psychology students usually spend most of their time studying different theories. Much of what we know about human thought and behaviour has emerged thanks to various psychology theories. For example, behavioural theories demonstrated how conditioning can be used to learn new information and ...

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Diagnosed Label Helpful Of Harmful Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,657 Words)

A diagnostic label can influence a person with a disability life domain in both positive and negative way; therefore, should people be labeled with a psychiatric diagnosis is worth to research on it. Current research is concerned with the effect of labeling on an individual with disabilities as it can cause others to predict future outcomes for these individuals (Algozzine & Stoller, 1981 not current - over ...

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Protective Factors Among Youth Offenders Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,278 Words)

Causal explanations of delinquent behavior and the identification of risk factors that characterize the young criminal offender have been the devotion of volumes of theoretical and empirical research. In an attempt to understand the causes of delinquency, and to work towards effective interventions, the juvenile justice field has adopted an approach from the public health arena (Shader, 2003), this approach toward the public health model, according to ...

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The Major Function Of Human Hand Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,915 Words)

The major function of human hand is to manipulate object to accomplish a goal. The ability of a human hand to assure a myriad of position and to apply only the precise amount of pressure necessary to hold an object is owned to the mobility and stability supplied bye the skeleton, to the power of the muscle, and to the remarkable degree of sensory feedback from the ...

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Causes And Symptoms Of Stress Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,483 Words)

If there is a problem that one can identify with in this century it is stress, the world of today is constantly bombarded with information about job stress, relationship and family stress, and environmental stress. Managing stress can seem like a full time occupation if we are going to remain healthy in this century. What Is Stress? Stress can be defined in many ways, and it consists ...

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mothers bonding starts when the baby is in the womb

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,762 Words)

Sensitive mothering refers to mother's character use to interact with her child. Sensitive mothers observe and understand a child's needs appropriately. Take for example; Kara was down with fever one night. Her mother was alerted by it and gave her some fever medicine immediately. She took good care of paid full attention on Kara until the next morning. Kara She would not recover such in a short ...

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The effects of birth order on personality

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,741 Words)

The overarching tenet of this research is the effect of birth order on the personality of individuals in a family. This research recognizes the fact that the development needs of a first born differs from the last child in a family. In order for children to gain access to the resources of the family, they have different developmental strategies by establishing their own niche and these strategies ...

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The impact of teen pregnancy on adolescents

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,543 Words)

Parenthood is defined as the state of being a parent or the responsibilities involved in it. Children as young as 12 years old are able to become parents if they are sexually active and this is known as adolescent pregnancy. Adolescent pregnancy can impact both the mother and the offspring in various ways. Children of adolescent mothers are more likely to exhibit high involvement in alcohol and ...

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Study on Cognitive Psychology: Problem Solving and Creativity

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,453 Words)

Cognitive psychology has always been a normal part of everyday life that people tend to not notice it at all. When faced with a problem, cognitive abilities are used. Creativity is often used when thinking of a solution for a certain problem. The problem-solving process is described to be a cycle from recognizing the problem to creating a solution, evaluating the solution, and goes back to recognizing ...

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Fathers role in molding his sons adolescence

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,735 Words)

Over the years so many theories have made it evident that the father is a role model to his children, especially his son during the adolescence years. But none have discussed in what manner he affects, what are the domains in which he is influential and what factors play role to have these effects. Even after being the third in the mother-child dyad, how come the father ...

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Depression cognitive approach psychodynamic approach and behavioural approach

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,482 Words)

Seligman (1973) termed depression as the 'common cold' of psychological problems (Gross,R.,Mcilveen,R.,2000). By using the term 'common cold' Seligman means that depression is the most common psychological disorder that people face. Depression is a mood disorder. Most of us at some time in our lives may go through a period of time when we 'feel down ' however to be clinically diagnosed with Depression we must present ...

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Commentary Of Persuasive Communication Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,892 Words)

The task initially began by assigning class members to groups, then specific roles were chosen as to who would be the facilitator Susan, the note taker Frances and that the remaining two people (Catherine and Gurleen) would participate in the discussion. Suggestions from the guidelines were briefly discussed, and individual ideas were offered from each group member, which were homelessness by myself, care leavers by Gurleen and ...

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Victims Of Bullying Suffer Severe Depression Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,443 Words)

This research paper identifies the cause and effect of bullying. All the articles and books that are cited here define bullying as an abuse. This also discusses the composition of bullying which are the different kinds of abuse. Upon exploring this research paper, one may be able differentiate the types of bullying which includes young and adult people. This research paper expounds the reasons why bullying is ...

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