Psychology Essays | Free Essays on Psychology

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Literature Review dependent variable is knowledge productivity.

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,387 Words)

2.1 Introduction This chapter is divided into six main sections. This first section provides an overview of the chapter. The second section is a definition of essential terms that used in this study. The third section discusses the background and the previous study that focusing on factors that influencing and contributing to the knowledge and research productivity. The fourth section discusses the models and frameworks of knowledge conversion ...

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Theories Of Watson Pavlov And Skinner Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,964 Words)

According to Goodwin, the theory of Behaviorism is a learning process that requires conditioning of behaviors that occur through interactions with the environment. The studies of Behaviors are done through methodical observations process. The behaviorists took an interest in stimuli responses in animals therefore their views are identified as being a study of natural sciences. Behaviorism seemed to provide a more objective look at humans, behaviors, and ...

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Study on the effects of divorce on children

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,538 Words)

Divorce has become a popular remedy for a failed marriage. Divorce can be one of the hardest and painful experiences parents and children face now a days. The way the child reacts to the separation can differ for each family. The key factor that may affect the child's reaction process is age, gender, and number of children in one household. The effects are long lasting and will ...

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Study of theoretical perspectives analysis

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,583 Words)

Development theories undoubtedly play an imperative role in enhancing the understanding of human development and consequent guidance of children's and adolescents' development. A number of development studies have been put forth by various psychologists in an attempt to describe how human beings develop physically, emotionally and psychologically. This paper will base its focus on Piaget's cognitive theory, Freud's psychosexual development theory and Erikson's psychosocial development theory. It ...

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The dissociative identity disorder diagnosis controversy

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,109 Words)

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD), has been widely recognized and studied over the years. Although Dissociative Identity Disorder was officially accepted by the DSM-IV as a valid psychiatric diagnosis, intense debate about its validity is still common. There are two basic positions that dominate the controversy of DID. There are some who believe that it is a valid diagnosis. Proponents of ...

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Mind Body Spirit Meditation Yoga And Spirituality Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,561 Words)

Holistic healthcare understands that physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual lives cannot be taken apart. It emphasizes that there is a connection of mind, body, and spirit. People feel the need to create a healthy environment where they feel nurtured, supported, and safe as an individual discovers new truths about himself or herself and the surrounding world. Everyone wants to lead a healthy, satisfying, and meaningful life. Meditation, ...

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Nonverbal Communication In Social Psychology Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,380 Words)

The most important thing in communication is hearing what isnt said.- Peter F. Drucker cited in Goman,2008 page 1. This states that spoken language and non verbal signals need to simultaneously exist and interact with each other in order to give the receiver a fully understanding of what is been said. Non-verbal communication is the ability to transfer, receive and decode messages to one another without using ...

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The use of the Stenopaeic slit Thoringtons disk

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,289 Words)

Background: The Thorington method is a refractive technique using the Stenopaeic slit, a trial frame accessory comprised of a disc with a narrow, slit-shaped aperture in the center. It is now rarely used in the subjective refraction to find the principal meridians of astigmatism due to the general perception that the Jackson's cross cylinder method or the Fan & Block method provide a higher degree of accuracy. ...

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The psychology of mental health and distress

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,764 Words)

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is one of the most used perspectives in treatment mental disorder. CBT is an approach which is based on the concept in the way we conceived the world alters the way we behave. People are believed to experience emotional difficulties when they hold irrational beliefs about self and the environment. One of the key principles of CBT is that it focuses on the ...

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The Stroop effect and selective attention

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,619 Words)

Early "bottleneck theories of attention" (Edgar, 2007 p.17) allowed for only one channel of input to be semantically examined all other information was discarded. Later discrepancy to attention theory suggested that all inputs were examined but that a great deal of this is automatic and unconscious. However, automatic processes are hard to control and unlearn. This project is a study of the Stroop effect and how over ...

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Colour Vision Standards of Occupations in NZ

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

18 Pages (6,946 Words)

Introduction Colour vision standards have been an important factor in many occupations in New Zealand and overseas. Standards for defects in colour vision has been imposed for various reasons, but the need for the standards has been questioned, especially by the individuals who lack perfect colour vision, and are barred to enter the occupation of their choice [1, 2]. There are various tests that are performed to ...

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The Effect Of Organizational Conflict On Emotions Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (4,959 Words)

Research has been conducted to study the effect of Organizational Conflict on Emotions with the moderating role of Intra-group process. To further explore the applications of these variables we used their dimensions as inter generational conflict, positive and negative emotions and leadership respectively. The purpose was to find a workable relation among these dimensions to enable the organizations to use it as a tool to smooth their ...

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Bronfenbrenners Ecological Theory Of Development Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,718 Words)

This literature review discussed about one of theory of life span development. The theory that is being focused on is Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory. In order to understand this theory more, the author researched on the biography of Urie Bronfenbrenner to understand him more. The author proceeds to explain every key system that is included in the Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory. Journals are being analyzed to understand the context ...

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Effect Of Music And Noise On Working Memory Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,168 Words)

Memory is an integral part of everyday life. It is required for simple tasks, such as keeping a phone number in mind before dialling it, or for more complex tasks such as learning a mathematical formula to apply to a sum. Memory is based on three basic processes. It can be defined as the process by which individuals encode, store and retrieve information (Feldman, 2004). Encoding is ...

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The Influence of Color on Emotion and Mood

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,840 Words)

Everyone has a favorite color. When it comes to color preference, there are as many opinions as there are hue variations. Whether it is the clothes we wear, the car we drive, or the food we eat, we are all attached to certain colors and take our choices seriously. In our consumer culture of aggressive advertising and savvy salesmanship, product color schemes are presented in an endless ...

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Adult Learning

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (936 Words)

There are many factors/theories that influence adult learning. Malcolm Knowles “model for adult learning provides a framework for education that includes principles that value the individual’s life experiences” (Hanson, 2004, p.269). Knowles has given the term andragogy wider recognition. The term andragogy was first invented by Alexander Kapp, a German teacher, in 1833, describing the educational philosophy of Plato (Davenport, 1993). Knowles defines andragogy as the “art ...

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Responding to congruent stimuli quicker than incongruent stimuli

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,151 Words)

This experiment was conducted to prove that an individual responds to congruent stimuli quicker than they would to incongruent stimuli. The hypothesis was proven wrong when it the experiment showed that the participants responded quicker to the incongruent stimuli rather than the congruent stimuli. The participants took part in the experiment via a computer at their disposal. The experiment involved words flashing on screen (either in the ...

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Yalom describes problem patients as eight different subsets

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,950 Words)

The boring patient, the help-rejecting complainer, the monopolist, the psychotic patient, the silent patient, the narcissistic patient, the schizoid patient, and the borderline patient (Yalom, 1995). Yalom notes that a non-problematic patient is practically nonexistent. Typically, individuals who seek therapy have some sort type of personality defect or long standing affectual issue. These problem patient are all unique type individuals whom each have their own personal issues ...

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The Three Main Goals Of Research Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

20 Pages (7,606 Words)

Research is the examination of a particular topic using a diversity of reliable, scholarly resources. The three main goals of research are establishing facts, analyzing information, and reaching new conclusions. The three main actions of doing research are searching for, reviewing, and assessing information. This KAM will examine the different research paradigms available for my study. The paradigms will be compared and contrasted against other research methods ...

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The person centered theory developed by Carl Rogers

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,157 Words)

is one of the most popular in the fields of psychology, counselling and education. Person-centred theory offered a new way to look at individuals and their development, as well as how people can be helped to change. Fritz Perls is considered the foremost practitioner of gestalt counselling and psychotherapy (Cooper, O'Hara, Schmid & Wyatt, 2007). However, this method was influenced by other gestalt theorists preceding him. The ...

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What Is Mental Illness Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,281 Words)

Mental illnesses are organised around a set of diagnostic labels that can be ascribed to people with common mental experiences who behave in similar ways. This is rooted in the 'medical model' which assumes mental health problems are the result of physiological abnormalities, generally involving brain systems. A disorder is considered as an illness and is therefore treated with physical treatments, usually medication, that modify the underlying ...

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Highland Spring's Entry into China

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,792 Words)

International Marketing: Highland Spring's Entry into China Market Selection and Environmental Analysis Executive Summary “Increased global communication has also created a greater diversity in the marketplace. Consumers are becoming more sophisticated because of the increased scope of communication, requiring a flexible and responsive strategy, instead of standardisation.” (Prevos, 2008) page Despite converging consumer and market factors, intrinsic differences still exist between country markets and even within countries ...

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Definitions Of Mental Workload Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,844 Words)

Despite the importance of the topic for the past 40 years, there is no clearly defined, universally accepted definition of workload. Huey and Wickens (1993, p. 54) note that the term "workload" was not common before the 1970's and that the operational definitions of workload from various fields continue to disagree about its sources, mechanisms, consequences, and measurement." Workload aspects seem to fall in three broad categories: ...

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Carl Rogers Person Centred Theory Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,742 Words)

This essay will contain information on the role and function of a counsellor and will explain and evaluate the key concepts, phenomenology, existentialism, the seven stages of process and the six necessary and sufficient conditions for therapeutic change and show how these are important for a trainee counsellor. As well as looking at locus of evaluation, the organismic valuing process, a fully functioning person and the core ...

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Adopted Children Will Face Depression Problem Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,045 Words)

Adopted children have additional factors that affect their lives. They may have been in one or more foster placements before their adoption. They may have been in one or more foster placement in homes where other children already lived and who may have resented the intrusion of strangers into their own family and space. Each temporary placement brings a confusing array of conflicting values into the child's ...

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Romantic relationships and academic grade point average

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,755 Words)

This study will be conducted to investigate whether or not there is an association between involvement in a romantic relationship and academic grade point average (GPA) amongst pharmacy students. METHODS: Pharmacy students in their first, second, and third professional years of the traditional Doctor of Pharmacy program at Shenandoah University Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy in Winchester, Virginia will be utilized as subjects for the study. ...

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Love and Communication in Intimate Relationships

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,194 Words)

Love, according to Fletcher and Kerr is the science of relationship and apparently seems to be both blind and firmly rooted in the real world (p.628). Interpersonal form of communication is defined as communication that transpires amid individuals who have acknowledged each other for fairly a long period. Essentially, these people see each other as exceptional persons, not as individuals who are basically dramatizing social state of ...

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Importance Of Face Recognition Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

16 Pages (6,390 Words)

A biometric recognition system is an automated system that verifies or identifies a persons identity using a person's physiological characteristics and/or behavioral characteristics as pointed out by Jain et al (2004). Face recognition has been growing rapidly in the past few years for its numerous uses in the areas of Law Enforcement, Biometrics, Security, and other commercial uses. The biometric system of face recognition has several advantages ...

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The Role of Testosterone in Human Social Cognition and Interaction

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

14 Pages (5,577 Words)

(1) Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (2) Institute for Empirical Research in Economics, Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Introduction Social behaviour is an integral part of the behavioural repertoire of mammals and includes intra-species aggression and social hierarchies; sexual, parental, affiliative and cooperative behaviours; social recognition; social play behaviour, and ...

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Biopsychosocial model approach to understanding stress

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,447 Words)

The Biopsychosocial model of health looks at the physical factors of health, incorporating the psychological and social factors of health also (Brannon L. and Feist J. 1992). This is with the view to determining a holistic picture of the health of an individual. Biological(physical), social and psychological factors can all play a role in affecting an individual's health, and particularly can all attribute or be a result ...

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Seminal And Contemporary Individual Differences Theories

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,454 Words)

Personality can be an individual measure of someone, but can just as easily be categorised together allowing for more general assumptions to be made. With help from both seminal and contemporary theories, the idea of personality and how it accounts for individual differences can be more readily understood, for both individuals and majorities. With this in mind, I have chosen two theories, one contemporary and one seminal ...

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Schizophrenia Diagnosis and Treatment in the Family Unit

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,425 Words)

Schizophrenia is a long term disorder with active symptoms for at least one month, including but not limited to delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or bizarre behavior, and/or a lack of organized speech, activity, or emotions as defined by the American Psychiatry Association(Delesi). This disorder can then be further broken down into subcategories. These subcategories include catatonic, disorganized, borderline and paranoia. Out of the four, paranoid ...

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Avoidant Personality Disorder

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,240 Words)

Avoidant Personality Disorder (APD) is caused by a person's perceived or actual rejection by parents or peers during childhood: they think of themselves to be socially incompetent or personally unappealing, and treatment includes some medicinal prescriptions, social skills training or group therapy for practicing social skills. Interestingly, avoidant personality disorder occurs equally in the male species as in the female species. It has an affect on people ...

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Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,889 Words)

Are you having troubles falling asleep at nights? Have you tried warm milk, exercise, yoga, all kinds of sleeping pills and you're still tired? Or that you were told that you had talked during your sleep? Maybe you're having sleep disorders. Sleep disorders can be related to mental conditions, physical conditions or substance inducement. There are about seventy different sleep disorders which are divided into two categories. ...

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Young adolescent females with anorexia nervosa

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,489 Words)

Anorexia nervosa is one common type of eating disorders which means after having this problem the patient will lose at least 15% of her minimum normal weight(Bryant-Waugh, 2006). It is a serious problem all over the world, although this illness is not as prevalent as other problems regarding the number of patients. This paper studies the causes of anorexia nervosa occurred in adolescent females based on the ...

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Prejudice and how it can be reduced

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,332 Words)

We will debate the many psychologists; Adorno, La Pierre, Tajfel & Turner and Minard and the experiments they carried out such as the Chinese couple that travelled around America, the F-Scale test, the Social Identity Theory (SIT) and the theory within the West Virginian miners. In particular we will be discussing the three main responses towards attitudes which are; cognitive, affective and behavioural. Additionally to this, we ...

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Reflection on the use of a genogram

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,114 Words)

Genogram is a graphic display of a person's family traits, relationships and also medical history. They go far away from a traditional family tree as they allow the individual to visualize some hereditary patterns and psychological factors that can interrupt or help relationships. Genograms can also be used to identify recurring patterns of behaviors, choices and identify hereditary tendencies. Normally, genograms will illustrate three generations (Krasner-Khait, 2000). ...

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Strengths And Limitations Of CBT For Social Phobia Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,232 Words)

Social phobia, also known as Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is considered as one of the most common psychological disorders on its own, and also as a comorbid disorder (Kessler, McGonagle, Zhao, et al., 1994). Current research literature suggest Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) as the first treatment choice for social phobia, unless in the case where the client opt for medication or if the client is suffering from ...

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Application Of The Behaviourist Perspective Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,772 Words)

Operant conditioning is a process of learning, it was found by Burrhus Frederic Skinner BF Skinner. Skinner invented the operant conditioning chamber, also known as the Skinner Box. He innovated his own philosophy of science called radical behaviorism, and founded his own school of experimental research psychology - the experimental analysis of behavior. His analysis of human behavior culminated in his work Verbal Behavior, which has recently ...

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Julian Rotter and Walter proposed the social cognitive approach

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,158 Words)

Known as social cognitive theorists, Mischel and Rotter suggested that conscious thoughts and emotions determine the difference between people and guide the way they behave (Mischel, 2004). The social cognitive approach is not based on the description of an individual's personality rather than on the principles of human learning. Thus, they believe that our personality is formed through the learning processes such as observation and interaction with ...

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Qualitative Research For Studying Human Behavior And Habits Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,892 Words)

For example, a designer generating some ideas for a new product might want to study people's habits and preferences, to make sure that the product is commercially viable. Quantitative research is then used to assess whether the completed design is popular or not. Qualitative research is often regarded as a precursor to quantitative research, in that it is often used to generate possible leads and ideas which ...

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personalities are influenced by the environment

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,178 Words)

Personality as described in psychology is a unique pattern of feeling behaving and thinking that is enduring in a person over a long period of time. In this perspective, it is then clear that it covers almost all aspects based on human experience. Human beings are a social creation therefore our relationships are greatly influenced by our personality because we get a lot of information from the ...

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A Study On Becks Theory Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,592 Words)

Beck's theory states that Individuals with dysfunctional attitudes are likely to show increases in depressed mood following the occurrence of negative events. From the cognitive perspective, we can say that depression is caused by one's thinking. Someone with dysfunctional attitudes tends to think negatively toward themselves. When a negative event occurs which relates to that person, it triggers the negative thoughts over and over again which can ...

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Organizational behavior hawthorne studies

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,508 Words)

This paper analyzes the Hawthorne studies that are established to identify the influence of the social, physical, and psychological environment on the workers productivity. The series of experiments conducted is discussed and a criticism examines the results and conclusions of these studies. Are the results of the Hawthorne Studies relevant at all times or were they limited to certain cases? Introduction At the beginning of the 20th ...

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Gestalt

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

25 Pages (9,772 Words)

Gestalt is a psychology term which means "unified whole". It refers to theories of visual perception developed by German psychologists in the 1920s. These theories attempt to describe how people tend to organize visual elements into groups or unified wholes when certain principles are applied. Similarity occurs when objects look similar to one another. People often perceive them as a group or pattern. When similarity occurs, an ...

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Type Of Individual Differences Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,802 Words)

A person differing from others is understandable, but how and why a person differs is less clear and is therefore a subject of the study of individual differences (Revelle, 2000). Individual differences are the differences among individuals, in regards to a single characteristic or number of characteristics, which in their totality distinguish one individual from another and make oneself a unique individual (Mangal, 2007). Characteristics that define ...

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How do genes influence criminal behavior

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,798 Words)

The 'nature vs. nurture' debate is one of the oldest issues concerning psychologists and the extent to which both factor influences personality is an enigma that remains unresolved to this date. Many questions have been raised and one such question is: 'Is criminal behavior is innate or is it shaped by the environment' and this paper will attempt to throw some light on the topic. Crime and ...

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Reason behind sleepwalking and reducing the disorder

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,645 Words)

This paper explains the reasons behind the occurrences and effects of sleepwalking as well as highlighting the methods to minimize this sleep disorder. Sleepwalking does little harm to the sleepwalkers, however, if the disorder persists, potential harm can be created. Hence, in order to reduce the occurrence of sleepwalking and possible harm it has been causing, self care method is introduced. Sleepwalking, also known as somnambulism, can ...

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Communication attitude and swot analysis

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

19 Pages (7,295 Words)

When a person interacts with another person or a group of people, the exchange that takes place between them, verbal and/or nonverbal, reflects the self behind it- i.e. their personality. The degree of effectiveness with which a person communicates with the others reveals his level of self-awareness. And self-awareness is an essential precondition for self-development. In this chapter, we shall examine the concept of self-development and discuss ...

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The social factors that influence interpersonal attraction

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,994 Words)

Interpersonal attraction encompasses the ability to love, like, dislike and hate. These are universal imperatives, as most people desire relationships of some form, whether friendship or romance, whilst experiencing (a range of emotions) animosity and rivalry , all of which make interpersonal attraction a major topic within social psychology. Social traits are important aspects in attraction and according to Hume (1757), attraction is subjective rather than objective ...

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Psychology Essays - perspective on personality

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,359 Words)

This essay will begin by giving a description of what personality is, before going on to critically evaluate trait and type approaches of personality. The precise definition of personality has been a controversial issue over many years by various theorists. One definition of personality can be described as the underlying causes of individual behaviour and experience within a person (Cloninger, 2000). Trait and type theory is one ...

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Non Experimental Research Design Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

15 Pages (5,656 Words)

This chapter details the methodology that will be used to conduct this study. Methodology is an approach, or method used to conduct a research. The aspects that will be discussed in this chapter include the research's design, approach, sample, instrument, procedure, and also data collection and analysis. 3.2 Research's Approach and Design 3.2.1 Research's Approach There are two types of approaches used in research, which are quantitative approach and ...

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Using psychology to explain young drivers traffic accidents

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

15 Pages (5,712 Words)

The over representation of young drivers in road traffic accidents is a serious social problem. In Britain, road crashes are the single biggest killer of 17 - 24 year olds even though just one in eight licence holders fall within that age bracket (Break, 2006). Additionally, 17 year old drivers have 50% more crashes per year than do 25 year olds, who in turn have 35% more ...

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Psychosexual stages of development with psychosocial stage model

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,197 Words)

This assignment is going to compare and contrast Freud's psychosexual stages of development with Erikson's psychosocial stage model. The similarities and the differences between the two models will be explained and outlined. Developmental psychology is a study of the biological, cognitive, emotional and social changes that take place over a course of time in humans. Sigmund Freud brought about the theory of psychoanalytic development, where he believed ...

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Sources Of Enjoyment In Youth Sport Questionnaire Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,581 Words)

Nowadays the population and the governmental authorities are more conscious of the potential of sport in influencing the society and youth athlete development, not only in what concerns to physical aspects but also in psychological and social domains. However, the sport practice per se isn't, necessarily, a positive factor of influences in youth positive development, and in some circumstances it might even lead to negative behaviours and ...

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Freud's psychoanalysis and Jung's analytical psychology

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,618 Words)

Psychoanalysis is the form of treatment of neuroses invented by Freud in the 1890s and elaborated since then by himself, his disciples and followers. Psychoanalytical technique consists essentially in instructing and helping the patient to associate freely, in interpreting both his associations and the obstacles he encounters in trying to associate, and in interpreting his feelings and attitudes towards the analyst. Forms of psychotherapy which use Freudian ...

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Gender Differences In The Experience Of Body Image Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,138 Words)

Gender differences in the experience of body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders Although in the past decades psychologists have conducted little research on males and body image, it has only been within the past 10-15 years that adequate studies have been completed (Cafri et al., 2005). As asserted by Kevin Thompson, Leslie Heinberg, Madeline Altabe and Stacey Tantleff-Dun (1999) most research pertaining to body image has ...

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Research Methodology is a procedural framework

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,442 Words)

Research has been defined as 'systematic and sustained enquiry planned and self critical which is subject to public criticism. The research is also subject to empirical tests where appropriate and where these are not appropriate, critical discourse will appeal to the judgment of evidence, documents, observation and records (Stenhouse L. 1971). According to Marshall (1995), the research needs to be very well 'planned', 'self critical' and can ...

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Implications of attachment theory for adolescent development

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,766 Words)

Attachment is one of the most intriguing and researched psychological theories in the modern era. Exhaustive research has spanned 50 years and continues. The overview of attachment theory is that it provides an explanation of behaviour exhibited by an infant in relation to their attachment figure (caregiver). This relationship is emotionalised the greatest during the incidences of separation and reunion. The theory relates behaviours of attachment from ...

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Anorexia nervosa an overview of a maladaptive behavior

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,796 Words)

I began my study into Anorexia Nervosa by reading a general overview of eating disorders. "Eating Disorders and Adolescents: An Overview of a Maladaptive Behavior" gave the basic facts on Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and some the key indicators. The four diagnostic criteria as presented in the DSM-IV were cited. Refusal to gain weight and maintain a healthy body weight Extreme fear of gaining weight or becoming "fat" ...

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Jean Piagets Theory Of Cognitive Development Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,343 Words)

What is cognitive development. For a fundamental understanding of cognitive development there are two questions that we can ask and think which are "how do children enthusiastically build their thinking?" and "How does thinking alter from one point in development to another?". Cognition simply stand for "knowing", in another way cognition means the mental act or process by which knowledge is obtained. Cognitive approach psychologists handles with ...

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Vygotsky’s Theory

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,510 Words)

Explain and Evaluate Vygotsky's Theory of the Role of Language in Children's Cognitive Development Vygotsky described developmental changes in children's thinking in terms of cultural tools; they use these to make sense of their world. Generally, they use technical tools to change objects or gain mastery over the environment. Moreover, they used psychological tools to organise behavior or thought. According to Vygotsky's view, society shapes a child's ...

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The Qualitative Or Quantitative Processes Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,950 Words)

Development on the whole is a complex teleological concept; it constitutes a direction and an end it involves various stages and is certainly not as simple as it seems. The view of development is used to provide meaning and order to changes that occur over time in children's development. Development involves biological, emotional and psychological changes that take place in humans between the period of birth and ...

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Psychology and Personality Of The Abuser

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,442 Words)

Psychology and Personality of the Abuser and Abused' Abstract Domestic violence is the act of harassing an intimate or prior intimate. Domestic violence is a widespread problem throughout the world with woman and children being the most at risk. Most abusers suffer from various personality disorders ranging from paranoid personality disorder to explosive personality disorder. When a person is abused for a prolonged period of time the ...

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The Theories Of Motivation Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,198 Words)

Motivation can be defined as giving a reason, incentive, enthusiasm or interest that causes a person to adopt a specific action or behavior. A simple example could be that our act of eating is motivated by hunger. We can classify motivation into two main types: Intrinsic motivation: when people do something for pleasure, importance or desire (internal) Extrinsic motivation: when external factors motivate a person to adopt ...

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Background and overview on the Flynn effect

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,600 Words)

The Flynn effect is the continued year-on-year rise of IQ test scores, an effect seen in all parts of the world, although at greatly varying rates. It is named after New Zealand political scientist James Robert Flynn, its discoverer. The Flynn effect is a perplexing phenomenon for those who believe that IQ tests represent a true measure of human intelligence, as it would suggest that people today ...

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Critical review of the working memory model

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,369 Words)

The present review will aim to critically assess the working memory model proposed by Baddeley & Hitch (1974). The multi component working memory model was especially influential preceded by the unitary model proposed by Atkinson and Schifrin (1968). The model is especially proved unique because of its explanation of separate verbal phonological and visuo spatial sketchpad components as salve systems of the executive control (Repovs & Baddeley, ...

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Study on Karaseks theory of job demand control

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,447 Words)

Karasek's theory of job demand-control (JD-C) about work stress has had a great impact on the academic literature and job redesign (Bright, 2001). According to Kompier (2003) the JD-C model is presently one of the most influencing models of stress in occupational health. In criticism, authors like Cox & Griffin (1995) state that the JD-C model highlights the characteristics of the employee's environment and his/her interaction with ...

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Motivation And Stress In Teamwork Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,670 Words)

A team is any group of people organised to work together interdependently and cooperatively to meet the needs of what is In front of them, by accomplishing a purpose and setting goals, weather they be on an on field situation or off field situation. (Martens, 1997) Coaches have many responsibilities beyond coaching, which include aspects of team management and media portrayal, However a coaches main role is ...

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The Dissociative Identity Disorder Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,219 Words)

Dissociative Identity Disorder, formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder has been the issue of strong philosophical scrutiny. Part of the reason for this is because it brings up the question of personal identity and whether there can be more than one person "inside" one body. "Various skeptics have argued that there is no such thing as multiple personality, or that it is in some way artificial or ...

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Speech Language Disorder: Interventions And Strategies For Stuttering

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,714 Words)

Stuttering is a speech language disorder that causes disfluency, or interruptions of speech that may be either normal or abnormal, to the speaker (Guitar, 2006). The causes of stuttering are unknown, but theories that link stuttering to genetic, epidemiology and environmental exists. Several studies have shown that approximately 68% of children who stutter have extended family who stutter, 39% have relatives that stutter in their immediate family, ...

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The Relationship Between The Big Five Personality Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

32 Pages (12,709 Words)

Personality traits as the characteristics of a person with consistent patterns of behaviour are undoubtedly playing a significant role in determining a student's success in pursuing his or her tertiary education. Therefore, this research aims to investigate and examine the effects of personality traits on the students' performance in UTAR Kampar Campus, Perak, Malaysia. As proposed by Costa and McCrae (1992), the Big-Five Personality Traits model has ...

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Time of storm and stress theories of adolescence

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,096 Words)

Adolescence is the developmental stage between childhood and adulthood; "The period of development from the onset of puberty to the attainment of adulthood. This begins with the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics, usually between the ages of 11 and 13 years of age (Colman 2006). It represents the period of time during which a person experiences a variety of biological changes and involves a dramatic transitions in ...

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Childhood Physical and Verbal Abuse, Emotional

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,040 Words)

In this study, I wanted to study gender differences in negative aftereffects related with stages of childhood physical and verbal abuse. I intend to study a sample of 200 college students. I predict that both forms of abuse are correlated to attachment struggles, including a variety of unfavorable psychological symptoms. My hypothesis, established on the attachment theory, is that the influence of a child's attachment or bond ...

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Depression Is A Symptom Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,788 Words)

Depression is a symptom of a clear reluctance, lack of will and ability of man to get himself, and lack of will to live. Will is the energy of life, the power that drives everything and everyone. No motive and no desire for anything engine. Person who is in a state of depression, as he lost his motivation and energy to function in daily life in general. ...

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The social sharing of emotion theory

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,530 Words)

Proposes sharing ones emotional experiences with others is a natural and advantageous way of recovering from emotional events (Rimé, Mesquita, Philippot & Boca, 1991). However, there has been mixed support for this theory. Using the starter references below, review the evidence and critically evaluate this claim, considering possible intermediary factors. A common belief among lay people and indeed some researchers (e.g; Rimé, Mesquita, Philippot & Boca, 1991 ...

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An Analytical Comparison and Contrast of Behaviorism and Humanism

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,018 Words)

This paper serves as a comparison and contrast of behaviorism and humanistic psychology. It will look at the differences in the creation of both historically and also scientific measures taken to study it. It will discuss the works of John Watson, B.F. Skinner, Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. Lastly, it will cover the similarities between these two fields of study and how they have influenced psychology today. ...

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Social influence

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,488 Words)

Social influence has a number of meanings in psychology, it is generally used to summarise the field of social psychology. Studying "how thoughts, feelings and behaviour of individuals are influenced by actual, imagined or implied presence of others" (Allport, 1968). Our social life is characterised by social influences; influences we are aware of and some we are not. As individuals we occasionally give way to social influence ...

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Critical Review of Do We Have Free Will

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,196 Words)

Section one - Concisely describe the main arguments and evidence presented by the paper (400) Libet defines free will as an involuntary act that is not affected by any external control and makes the individual feel as if he/she is in control of it. With this definition in mind Libet went on to explore the notion of whether individuals have free will or not using an experimental ...

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Target Population And Sampling Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,009 Words)

This chapter will be a description of the research sample, methodology and data elicitations techniques used in this study. I will describe the process of constructing and designing the two instruments encompassing both quantitative and qualitative data. A mixed method was used to provide varying informational perspectives aiming toward gaining an understanding of the research context and problem and suggesting some guiding points for any necessary improvement, ...

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Self esteem as a predictor for facebook addiction

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,672 Words)

The increased use of the Internet as a new tool in communication has changed the way people interact within society; this is even more evident in the recent technological developments and use of friend-networking sites or Social networking websites (SNWs), such as Facebook and MySpace. According to MyBroadband (2010) website, 74% of South Africans active internet users are accessing Facebook at least once a day. Additional, 62% ...

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A Hypothesis Defines The Variables Measurable Terms Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

16 Pages (6,223 Words)

In order to survive in the business world, business units today are forced to innovate and launch the products immediately in the market. But this is easier said than done. Numerous factors come into the picture for this to materialise. Notably among them is the fact that too much cost factor which comes into the picture. For the product launching is well planned and thought off activity. ...

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Family Dynamics in the Development of Borderline Personality Disorder

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

14 Pages (5,464 Words)

Nature versus nurture is a huge debate that will likely continue for centuries to come. Nature advocates state, "just as a sunflower grows in an orderly way - unless flattened by an unfriendly environment - so does the human grow in an orderly way" (Santrock, 2010, p.22). This sentence alone completely negates the nature-nurture debate. Stating that orderly growth can be flattened by an unfriendly environment further ...

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Case study: Dissertation - Literature Review

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,282 Words)

Within previous years involvement in sport has commonly been linked to positive moral development, with participation widely known for both nurturing and revealing highly regarded virtues such as courage, self-control, truthfulness, respect and fairness (Bredemeier, Weiss, Shields & Shewchuk, 1986). However, within today's more modern sporting society, displays of unsportspersonlike behaviours are increasingly evident across all levels of sport (Hopkins & Lantz, 1999). At present it is ...

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An investigation into the effect of social loafing

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,435 Words)

The aim of this experiment was to measure the effect of two categories, group or individuals, and the effect they have on the performance of individuals. Participants were involved in the activity of unscrambling as many words as they could in the time limit of five minutes. The hypothesis is that the mean number of words unscrambled by participants working individually is higher than the mean number ...

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Validity And Reliability Of The Likert Scale Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,372 Words)

Common definition for measurement is the process of determining the magnitude of a quantity, for example length, temperature, or mass. This magnitude is represented by a unit of measurement, such as a meter, Celsius or a kilogram. On the other hand, measurement is also known as a procedure for assigning symbols, letters, or numbers to empirical properties of variables. However, in research, measurement is defined as the ...

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Report for the introduction to personality

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,228 Words)

Most psychologists assert that the word "personality" was coined from a Latin word persona. In Latin, the word persona refers to a theatrical mask that was worn in Greek dramas by Roman actors. This persona (mask) was used by the actors so that they can project false appearance or role. However, this is just but a surface view of the term personality. Psychologists use this term to ...

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Basis and Confrontation of Automatic Negative Thoughts

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,546 Words)

The human mind is a complex machine that links together cognitions, physical feelings and emotions. Psychologist Aaron Beck developed his theory on cognitive with a heavy emphasis on the phenomenon of automatic thoughts. He noticed that people who experienced depression "exhibited a negative bias in their interpretation or thinking,"(as cited by Corey,2009, p.288). Beck believed that this negative bias tended to lead to self deprecation and ultimately ...

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The relationship between mindfulness and well being

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,450 Words)

Although the amount of literature on mindfulness is vastly growing, relatively little has been written about the mechanisms underlying the relationship between mindfulness and well-being. Both theoretical frameworks as well as randomized empirical research seem sparse. This is remarkable when looking at the popularity of mindfulness amongst lay public and the many claims made by practitioners about the wholesomeness of Mindfulness. And although the efficacy of several ...

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Rehabilitation Of Psychopathic Patients Using Schema Therapy Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,350 Words)

Psychopathic patients prove to be a great danger to society, so it's essential to contrive a treatment that is effective. Schema therapy, developed by Young, might be the solution for these hard to reach patients. The main features of this therapy are creating a safe attachment, which the therapist tries to achieve by connecting with the patient and reliving child trauma's to unlock and process subconscious feelings. ...

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Dietary restraint theory

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,710 Words)

Evaluate the success of dietary restraint theory in explaining the success or failure of weight control During past few decades psychologists have been trying to explain dietary patterns in individuals which are being controlled with a purpose of weight management, even in a healthy body shape. The main theories that have been developed throughout these years are psychosomatic (emotional eating), externality (externally induced eating cues) and restraint. ...

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Compare and contrast the models of therapeutic relationship

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,158 Words)

The importance of an effective therapeutic relationship in successful psychotherapy is without question and can be traced back to the most fundamental aspects of a 'relationship' in society. Indeed, one of the great determinants of social well-being and happiness stems from the ability to form close relationships with others, illustrated by the concept of 'support networks' as a therapeutic structure. The patient-physician relationship is a part of ...

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The Main Goal Of Statistical Research Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,914 Words)

The present research is a descriptive cum exploratory with an applied basis where the researcher had used the information and facts already available as base in order to analyze, explore and evaluate the problem at hand critically to deduce conclusions. Descriptive research is also known as Statistical Research. The main goal of Statistical Research is to define the data and characteristics about what is being studied. The ...

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Co Action Effects On Motor Performance Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,607 Words)

The aim of our study was to see whether a person would perform better in a co-actor conditioned race than in a solitary conditioned race. We conducted this to see whether there was any effects and whether the social facilitation theory had anything do with the results. We had 27 participants, 23 males and four females, age 18Â±5 years. We measured this by putting the 27 participants ...

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Models of addiction requiem for a dream

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,549 Words)

Darren Aronofsky's second film, Requiem for a Dream, repeats in many ways the frenzied, tragic trajectory of Pi. Where Pi's Max Cohen followed his mathematical obsession into insanity and self-destruction, Requiem now shows us the decline and fall of four individuals, Sara (Ellen Burstyn), Harry (Jared Leto), Marion (Jennifer Connelly), and Tyrone (Marlon Wayans). Sara gets hooked on diet pills, and her son, Harry, his girlfriend, Marion, ...

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The Rogerian approach to therapy and its limitations

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,674 Words)

One of the phrases that Carl Rogers used to describe his therapy is "supportive, not reconstructive". "It is possible to explain a person to himself, to prescribe steps which should lead him forward, to train him in knowledge about a more satisfying mode of life. But such methods are, in my experience, futile and inconsequential. The most they can accomplish is some temporary change, which soon disappears, ...

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Impact Of Occupational Stress Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

19 Pages (7,224 Words)

The aim of the study was to explore the mediating effects of job satisfaction on role overload and role conflicts as sources of stress and Affective commitment on the other hand. Using questionnaire, 150 banking employees in D.G.Khan were randomly selected and served for the purpose to examined the job satisfaction as the mediating role. Result finding that the Role overlod and role Conflict directly and negatively ...

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Critical Incidents Technique Of Job Analysis Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,168 Words)

Critical Incidents Technique of job analysis is the recording of behaviours by the worker that are specific to successful or unsuccessful job performance. The qualities needed to do the job also the systematic study of the responsibilties,duties and tasks to perform a job is known as job analysis. Job analysis produces four products which are job description, job specification, job evaluation and performance criteria. These products is ...

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Cyberbullying A Bully Centered Intervention Program Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

25 Pages (9,846 Words)

Cyberbullying, an emerging trend of bullying in its unprecedented technological form, has fast become a social issue that warrants immediate intervention. However, current literature has offered mostly intervention strategies that focus on the treatment of the victims, rather than the rehabilitation of the cyberbullies. Such victim-centric intervention program, while helpful, does not appear to be an effective strategy in tackling cyberbullying. This review provides an overview of ...

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Effectiveness Of Mbct Against Other Approaches Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,631 Words)

Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is increasingly used in adult mental health treatment. Compare and contrast the effectiveness of MBCT to other approaches. Mindfulness-Based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a relatively new class-based program designed by Segal, Williams and Reasdale, 2002. The program was designed to prevent future relapse for people who suffer from major depression (Coelho, Canter, Ernst, 2007). This approach to psychological prophylaxis, based on current metacognitive ...

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