Harvard Referencing Guide

Harvard is a style of referencing, primarily used by university students, to cite information sources.

1. In-text citations are used when directly quoting or paraphrasing a source. They are located in the body of the work and contain a fragment of the full citation.

   Depending on the source type, some Harvard Reference in-text citations may look something like this:

   "After that I lived like a young rajah in all the capitals of Europe…" (Fitzgerald, 2004).

2. Reference Lists are located at the end of the work and display full citations for sources used in the assignment.

   Here is an example of a full citation for a book found in a Harvard Reference list:

   Fitzgerald, F. (2004). The great Gatsby. New York: Scribner.

Reference lists are created to allow readers to locate original sources themselves. Each citation in a reference list includes various pieces of information including the:

Reference lists are created to allow readers to locate original sources themselves. Each citation in a reference list includes various pieces of information including the:

1. Name of the author(s)
2. Year published
3. Title
4. City published
5. Publisher
6. Pages used

Generally, Harvard Reference List citations follow this format:

• Last name, First Initial. (Year published). Title. City: Publisher, Page(s).

Citations are listed in alphabetical order by the author’s last name. If there are multiple sources by the same author, then citations are listed in order by the date of publication.

If you’d like more information about Harvard Reference Lists, visit Anglia Ruskin University’s guide

The structure for a Harvard Reference List citation for books with one author includes the following:

• Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title. Edition. (Only include the edition if it is not the first edition) City published: Publisher, Page(s).

If the edition isn’t listed, it is safe to assume that it is the first addition, and does not need to be included in the citation.

Example: One author AND first edition:

• Patterson, J. (2005). Maximum ride. New York: Little, Brown.

Example: One author AND NOT the first edition

• Dahl, R. (2004). Charlie and the chocolate factory. 6th ed. New York: Knopf.

Harvard Reference List Citations for Books with Two or More Authors

Don’t forget, Cite This For Me allows you to generate Harvard References for books quickly and accurately.

When creating a citation that has more than one author, place the names in the order in which they appear on the source. Use the word “and” to separate the names.

• Last name, First initial. and Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title. City: Publisher, Page(s).

Example:

• Desikan, S. and Ramesh, G. (2006). Software testing. Bangalore, India: Dorling Kindersley, p.156.
• Vermaat, M., Sebok, S., Freund, S., Campbell, J. and Frydenberg, M. (2014). Discovering computers. Boston: Cengage Learning, pp.446-448.
• Daniels, K., Patterson, G. and Dunston, Y. (2014). The ultimate student teaching guide. 2nd ed. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, pp.145-151.

* remember, when citing a book, only include the edition if it is NOT the first edition!

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When citing a chapter in an edited book, use the following format:

• Last name, First initial. (Year published). Chapter title. In: First initial. Last name, ed., Book Title, 1st ed.* City: Publisher, Page(s).
• Bressler, L. (2010). My girl, Kylie. In: L. Matheson, ed., The Dogs That We Love, 1st ed. Boston: Jacobson Ltd., pp. 78-92.

* When citing a chapter in an edited book, the edition is displayed, even when it is the first edition.

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When there are multiple works by the same author, place the citations in order by year. When sources are published in the same year, place them in alphabetical order by the title.

Example:

• Brown, D. (1998). Digital fortress. New York: St. Martin's Press.
• Brown, D. (2003). Deception point. New York: Atria Books.
• Brown, D. (2003). The Da Vinci code. New York: Doubleday.

Don’t forget, Cite This For Me allows you to generate Harvard References for books quickly and accurately.

If you need clarification, Anglia Ruskin University has additional information.

The standard structure of a print journal citation includes the following components:

• Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article title. Journal, Volume (Issue), Page(s).

Example:

• Ross, N. (2015). On Truth Content and False Consciousness in Adorno’s Aesthetic Theory. Philosophy Today, 59(2), pp. 269-290.
• Dismuke, C. and Egede, L. (2015). The Impact of Cognitive, Social and Physical Limitations on Income in Community Dwelling Adults With Chronic Medical and Mental Disorders. Global Journal of Health Science, 7(5), pp. 183-195.

When citing journal articles found on a database or through a website, include all of the components found in a citation of a print journal, but also include the medium ([online]), the website URL, and the date that the article was accessed.

Structure:

• Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article Title. Journal, [online] Volume(Issue), pages. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Mo. Year].

Example:

• Raina, S. (2015). Establishing Correlation Between Genetics and Nonresponse. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, [online] Volume 61(2), p. 148. Available at: http://www.proquest.com/products-services/ProQuest-Research-Library.html [Accessed 8 Apr. 2015].

When citing a newspaper, use the following structure:

• Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article title. Newspaper, Page(s).

Example:

• Weisman, J. (2015). Deal Reached on Fast-Track Authority for Obama on Trade Accord. The New York Times, p.A1.

To cite a newspaper found either on a database or a website, use the following structure:

• Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article title. Newspaper, [online] pages. Available at: url [Accessed Day Mo. Year]

Example:

• Harris, E. (2015). For Special-Needs Students, Custom Furniture Out of Schoolhouse Scraps. New York Times, [online] p.A20. Available at: http://go.galegroup.com [Accessed 17 Apr. 2015].

When citing eBooks and PDFs, include the edition, even if it’s the first edition, and follow it with the type of resource in brackets (either [ebook] or [pdf]). Include the url at the end of the citation with the date it was accessed in brackets.

Use the following structure:

• Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article title. Magazine, (Volume), Page(s).

Available at: URL [Accessed Day Mo. Year].

• Zusack, M. (2015). The Book Thief. 1st ed. [ebook] New York: Knopf. Available at: http://ebooks.nypl.org/ [Accessed 20 Apr. 2015].
• Robin, J. (2014). A handbook for professional learning: research, resources, and strategies for implementation. 1st ed. [pdf] New York: NYC Department of Education.
• Available at http://schools.nyc.gov/ [Accessed 14 Apr. 2015].

Don’t forget, Cite This For Me allows you to generate Harvard reference citations for ebooks and pdfs quickly and easily.