Comparison of Erikson's and Bandura's Theories

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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Albert Bandura was born on 4th December 1925 in Mundare which is a small town in Alberta, Canada. His parents were of polish descent. His theory was developed based on his belief that previous and earlier theorists had not dealt completely with the most important psychological issues and processes. Thus, his new view was referred to as observational learning. This is a theory that discussed human learning ...

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The History Of Social Psychology

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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Social psychology is a subfield of psychology that studies the social interactions among people. The subject can trace back its roots to the Ancient Greeks. Charles Darwin made extensive contributions to social psychology with his book Origin of Species and his evolutionary findings. Darwin influenced social thinkers who in return voiced their opinions on the society and the social mind. Norman Triplett was the first person to ...

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Selective attention and the stroop effect

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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Abstract Selective attention and its theories have been modified over many years, early ones such as 'bottleneck' theories have led to more recent theories that information can be processed through a series of automatic processes or unconsciously. It is suggested that many everyday tasks such as reading are tasks that can be overlearned and become automatic, these automatic tasks can be difficult to control. This report examines ...

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Individuals With Asperger Syndrome

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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Asperger Syndrome (AS) or (Asperger's Disorder) is a neurobiological disorder named for a Viennese physician, Hans Asperger, who in 1944 published a paper which described a pattern of behaviors in several young boys who had normal intelligence and language development, but who also exhibited autistic-like behaviors and marked deficiencies in social and communication skills. In spite of the publication of his paper in the 1940's, it wasn't ...

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Case study: The Treatment of Depression

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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"Although depression has been recognized as a clinical syndrome for over 2000 years, as yet, no completely satisfactory explanation of its puzzling and paradoxical features has been found. There are still major unresolved issues regarding its nature, its classification and its etiology". (Beck and Alford, 2009, p3) However, the importance of depression is recognised by everyone in the field of mental health. According to Kline, "more human ...

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Levels Of Processing On Memory Recall

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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In 1890, William James made a clear distinction between short-term and long-term memory stores, based purely on introspection, which he called primary memory (PM) and secondary memory (SM) (James, 2012). These concepts are more commonly known today as short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM), with the STM reflecting the current contents of consciousness and the LTM consisting of memories from the past that have to be ...

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Two Different Theories Of Memory Processing

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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This assignment will explain two different theorys of memory processing. The two models are Atkinson and Shiffrins Multi store model and Levels of processing by Craik and Lockhart (1972). These two studies have been considered in order to give conclusions, based on studies and evidence to support these, and have indicated strengths and weaknesses for each study. The Multi store model By Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) was ...

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What Social Factors Can Contribute To Mental Illness?

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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A mental illness is a psychological abnormality of an individual, and significantly affects the individuals emotional stability. There are different types of mental illnesses with different degrees of severity such as; depression, anxiety, eating disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar mood disorder and personality disorder. When a person develops a mental illness, emotions can be so overwhelming that they develop an inability to cope with everyday activities such as: work, ...

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Forewarnings And Inoculation In Persuasion

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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Persuasion and resistance to persuasion are one of most extensively studied topic areas in social psychology. This topic is covered frequently in social psychology because the effects of persuasion are seen everywhere and are applicable in everyday life. Methods for building up resistance to persuasion include reactance, forewarning and the inoculation effect. How forewarning and the inoculation effect affect persuasion will be outlined for the purposes of ...

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Research on nature versus nurture

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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The nature versus nurture debate has been a classic controversy among experts for centuries. Nature versus nurture is a debate about how children learn and develop. Throughout the history of the debate, there has been no clear conclusion to the dispute, but there are many theories. Both sides of this controversy, nature and nurture, have been explored thoroughly among researchers, and a great deal of evidence has ...

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General Adaption Syndrome and Post Traumatic Stress

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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Hans Selye (1907-1982), an Austrian-born physician who emigrated to Canada in 1939, the general adaptation syndrome represents a three-stage reaction to stress. Selye explained his choice of terminology as follows: "I call this syndrome general because it is produced only by agents which have a general effect upon large portions of the body. I call it adaptive because it stimulates defense…. I call it a syndrome because ...

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Jane Elliot: Blue Eyes, Brown Eyes

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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Jane Elliot Blue Eyes, Brown Eyes Jane Elliot was a well liked third grade teacher from a small rural town in Iowa. In 1968 after the brutal assassination of Martin Luther King, the whole nation was in turmoil. Jane, also feeling the disparity and frustration knew that something needed to be done about racial discrimination. She knew that she could not just talk about discrimination to her ...

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Physical Cleanliness Moral Purity

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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When we talk about physical cleanliness, what will be come up in our mind would be the medical benefits, which we may get rid of sick if we have a good condition of physical cleanliness. Physical cleanliness is defined as getting rid of the dirt and filth from your body (Can Tran, 2011).While moral purity is defined as our spiritual and mental state are in clean and ...

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Classifying Psychiatric Disorders: Four Ds of Diagnoses

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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Assessing when a patient problem or symptom elevates to the severity required to diagnose a psychiatric condition can be a difficult task, particularly for inexperienced practitioners. The Four Ds (deviance, dysfunction, distress and danger) can be a valuable tool to all practitioners when assessing reported traits, symptoms, or conditions in order to ascertain the point of at which these factors might represent a DSM IV-TR disorder. This ...

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Case study on dual diagnosis and complex needs

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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The following assignment is formulated on partial information extracted from a case analysis; the client is a 26-year-old female who has extensive history of illicit substance use since her early teenage years. I will be describing how I would proceed with specific interventions to gain further information and to assist the clients' safe engagement with a tier 4 treatment provider. The client was referred to us from ...

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What effect does the word superiority have?

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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This study analysed the nature of word superiority effects (WSE) which was first developed by James Cattell in 1886. WSE is the ability to recognise letters more successfully if the individual letters are presented as part of word rather than as part of a non-word or an isolated letter. The study tested the WSE on 97 participants to replicate Cattell's theory. In replicating the hypothesis for Cattell's ...

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Case study: Facial Recognition

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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Facial Recognition is the process where the brain recognizes, understands and interprets the human face (Face Recognition, n.d.). The face is essential for the identification of others and expresses significant social information. The face reveals significant social information, like intention, attentiveness, and communication. Goldstein (1983) (as cited in Chung & Thomson, 1995) stated that, "The face is the most important visual stimulus in our lives probably from ...

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Body Dysmorphic Disorder

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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Body Dysmorphic Disorder/ McMillan Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Rarely Talked about Somatoform Disorder. Each day people are faced with serious disorders in response to their weight, appearance, and body image. Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia are something everyone has heard of, and more than likely has known someone who was directly affected by one or the other, or even both. A common trend among these patients is a ...

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The Interpretation Of Dreams

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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In 1873 Freud graduated from the Sperl Gymnasium. He worked at the University of Vienna with one of the leading physiologists of this time, Ernst von Brucke. In 1882 he worked for the General Hospital in Vienna as a clinical assistant. After making several conclusions about the brain's medulla, Freud was then appointed to be a lecturer in neuropathology. At this same time in Freud's career, he ...

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The Behaviour Of Split Brain Patients

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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Split-brain patient is a denomination used for people who had the corpus callosum severed by surgery to minimise the seizures of a medicine intractable (Freberg, 2010) and multifocal epilepsy (Kalat, 2013), commissurotomy is the name of this operation and it is a very rare technique and some patients only had partial split (Breedlove, Watson, & Rosenzweig, 2010). The corpus callosum is a Latin word means thickened skin, ...

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The Role Of Peer Relationships

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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Childrens relationships with parents and peers are interactive and by the time they get older they form an increasingly varied array of interpersonal relationships (Pianta & Stuhlman, 2004). Relationships may well stand as the way in which two or more individuals are connected, or the state of being connected. Is it a connection where individuals share experiences, interests, attitudes, feelings and can deliver developmental consequences in forming ...

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The Importance Of Self Concept Clarity

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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It is widely acknowledged within psychology that the self is multi-faceted and composed of many different dimensions. Therefore, it seems inapt that the study of the self has, until recently, largely been dominated by just one dimension; self-esteem (Linville & Carlston, 1994, p. 13). Self-esteem is a very important aspect of the self. It affects a person's choices, mood, social relationships, and psychological well-being. However, psychology must ...

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The Measurement Process Variables Scales Of Measurement

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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INTRODUCTION In any kind of research undertaken, the measurement of the variables in the theoretical framework, is an important component of a research design (Sekaran, 2003). The measurement of the variables are important in order to test the hypotheses and obtain answers to complex issues (Sekaran,2003). This assignment will address several issues related to the measurement of variables, namely, the level or scales of measurement, the criteria ...

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The Experiment Of Hecht Shlaer And Pirenne

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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The following essay discusses two articles (Hecht, Schlaer, & Pirenne, 1942, and Cornsweet, 1970) based on a landmark experiment by Hecht, Shlaer, and Pirenne (1942), which set out to determine the minimum number of photons (quanta) required for someone to perceive a flash of light. From their findings, Hecht et al. conclude that, under certain precise conditions, the average person only needs to detect around ten quanta ...

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Impressions of an Al-Anon Meeting

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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On Sunday April 19th, 2009, I visited Park Slope Serenity at St Francis Xavier School. Since this was my first time attending any meeting outside of a treatment setting I was first struck by the nature of this meeting. This was an Al-Anon Meeting which focused on the impacts of Alcohol Addiction on the family. The members of this group were family members of alcoholics. Thus the ...

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Ellis and Rogers' views on psychological health

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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In order to complete this assignment I have chosen to compare and contrast the works of two exceptional figures in the world of psychology, both of whom have been ranked as the two most influential clinical psychologists according to a 1982 survey. (Franklin, 2007) The first being Dr. Albert Ellis, one of the most inspiring figures in modern psychology and the second I will examine is Dr. ...

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Why do primates have unusually large brains?

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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Primates as a group is an example of ecephalization, they all have relatively large brains for their body size compare to other mammals (Dunber, 1998). Brains are extremely costly to evolve and to preserve. A human adult brain weights about 2% of body weight but used up about 20% of total energy intake (Aiello and Wheeler, 1995), making the brain the most expensive organ to maintain. Natural ...

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How Fear Is Used To Manipulate Others

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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My paper will discuss how fear is used to manipulate others. I will support my topic using ideas taken from The Color Purple and Lord of the Flies. Fear is a natural emotion in humans that occurs when a person feels threatened; when he feels that he must be saved from something or someone. Fear is a protection system in our mind that we use for self-defense ...

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IQ tests are not accurate

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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Psychologists have always wanted to quantify the complex notion of intelligence. Therefore, IQ tests have been used to measure human intelligence. However, whether these tests really measure complex notion of human intelligence or whether it is all about performing well on a standardized test is debatable. This paper aims to take a position that IQ tests are not accurate to measure a person's intelligence by exploring the ...

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Is Emotional Cheating As Serious?

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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Cheating in marriages and relationships has been very rampant especially in the contemporary society. Many people have lost their marriage partners due to cheating either emotionally or sexually. People are usually less committed and satisfied in relationships when they get a feeling that their partners are cheating on them. Cheating or deceiving on ones partner is usually driven by less commitment in one relationship whereby some people ...

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The History Of Cognitive Behavior Therapy

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is one of the major orientations of psychotherapy (Roth & Fonagy, 2005) and represents a unique category of psychological intervention because it derives from cognitive and behavioral psychological models of human behavior that include for instance, theories of normal and abnormal development, and theories of emotion and psychopathology. There are several available cognitive and behavioral psychotherapies of which are based on concepts, theories ...

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Ethical Issues In Research Using Human Subjects

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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Since the U.S. adopted regulations governing research with human subjects in the 1970s, most of the ethical debates about research with human subjects have focused on questions relating to clinical research, such as management of risks, using placebos in control groups, randomization, informed consent, reporting adverse events, recruitment of subjects, and research on vulnerable populations. Most of the infamous or controversial cases discussed in the literature on ...

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Assessment of frontal lobe damage

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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In this study we examine the case of Mr. A, who had damaged his frontal lobe due to a harsh head injury. In order to examine the patient's damage three different test were used. AVerbal Fluency Test, The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and a Hand position Test. It was expected to observe lower scoring and difficulties in Mr. A performance regarding the tests. The current study unfolds ...

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Risk taking behaviours: Theories

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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Risk taking behaviours can enable one to be explorative and creative leading to benefits that were previously inaccessible, but they can also be detrimental to the safety, mental and physical health of the individual if the risk is not assessed properly. It is in this light that examining the mechanisms involved in making decisions involving risk should be further researched. It is proposed that these risk taking ...

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The Tattoo and Social Learning Theory

03 Oct 2016 28 Apr 2017

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‘The tattoo’ is a novel which was written by Chris McKinney about a young adult named Ken ‘Kenji’ Hideyoshi who was sent to the Halawa Correctional Institute. Inside he tells his personal struggle of living life as a Japanese male being brought up in Hawai’i, being exposed to poverty, colonialism, violence, urban gangs, and drugs. In this essay, I will argue that one can learn criminal ...

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Comparision between optic ataxia and apraxia conditions

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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Apraxia and optic ataxia are conditions that both derive from damage to different parts of the brain. The former can develop from damage to various parts of the brain, whereas optic ataxia derives from damage to a specific area of the brain. Both are associated with the inability to complete certain gestures and actions. Apraxia is the inability of the patient to execute a learned and skilled ...

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Can an authority figures influence human behaviour?

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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Milgram (1963) stated that "obedience is the psychological mechanism that links individual actions to political purposes." His theoretical proposition for the study is that obedience is so ingrained, that people tend to obey other people at higher position even if they have to violate their own morals and ethics (Milgram, 1974). He recruited forty males between ages twenty and fifty from New Haven through newspaper ads and ...

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The effects of the moon on human behavior

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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Ever since the ancient times of Greek mythology and the Mayans, the moon was regarded as an object that held influence over human behavioral patterns and emotions. Many sources of folklore, myths, and legends promoted this idea with their own hypothesized effects, including "induced lunacy and epileptic seizures" (Britt, 2009). But the moon itself appeared not to be the culprit; instead, its different phases appeared to cause ...

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Stroop experiment using neutral and colour associated words

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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The aim of this experiment is to study automatic and controlled processes by replicating the previously carried out Stroop effect. This paper investigates if colour related words have a effect on automatic and controlled processes. Previous research into the subject have revealed that recognition of colour named words will have the desired effect. The experiment was conducted by recruiting 20 participants aged between 18-68. Two lists of ...

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Cognitive Theories Explaining Autism Spectrum Disorder

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be explained as a developmental disorder characterised by a triad of symptoms, namely, impairments or deficits in imagination, socialization, and communication (American Psychiatric Association, 1994; Wing and Gould, 1979). Over the last few years, understanding the cognitive processes involved in a condition like Autism has been the main purpose of most studies that have been carried out. Even though genetic factors also ...

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Case study on social anxiety and depression

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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Jim is presenting several problems all of which appear to be caused by an extreme fear of being rejected in social situations. The main problems targeted in this formulation are social anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal behaviours as they appear to perpetuate each other through a vicious circle due to underlying dysfunctional cognitions regarding his self with respect to social interactions (Clark & Wells, 1995). By treating ...

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Nature Vs Nurture, Heredity Vs Environment

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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Questions about crime have been around ever since man first committed it. One of the most questions today is whether criminal behavior is the result of nature or nurture. As the debate continues today, research has shown evidence for both sides. Reports would claim the used of nature vs nurture as a topic that would tell about the significant roles of environment and heredity in human development. ...

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Study Of Love And Marriage

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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Since the 20th centuries, love was also studied scientifically by psychologists. Lots of theories and studies regarding love had been established. Regarding interpersonal attraction, it has been suggested lower self-esteem (Reik, 1944; Walster, 1965) and proximity (Bossard, 1932; Newcome, 1956; Heider, 1958) facilitate interpersonal attractions. Similarity in personality (Reader & English, 1947) and attitudes (Newcomb, 1961; Byrne & Nelson, 1965) also correlate to interpersonal attraction. Physical Attractiveness ...

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Psychoanalytic theory and the ghost in the nursery

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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In this essay I will be referring to Sigmund Freud, Anna Freud and Selma Fraiberg to explain how the psychoanalytic theory views the ghost in the nursery and the compulsion to repeat, and John Bowlby, Mary Ainsworth and Peter Fonagy to account for these concepts on behalf of the attachment theory. In her paper 'Ghosts in the nursery' Fraiberg et al. (1975) uses the term 'ghosts' to ...

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The Rorschach Ink Blot

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

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Rorschach Ink Blot The Rorschach Ink Blot In 1921, Herman Rorschach published Psychodiagnostik. The Rorschach test was included as a monograph. Herman Rorschach received his inspiration for the ink blot test by J. Kerner. Kerner believed that responses to interpretation of ink blots could reveal important individual meanings. Rorschach applied this theory to diagnose psychological disorders. David Levy brought the Rorschach test to the United States. The ...

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Bullying: Effects On Social Anxiety And Self Esteem

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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The present study documented measures of social anxiety and self esteem in adolescents and sought to determine its association with dimensions of bullying in victims. Social anxiety entails feelings of apprehension in social situations, while bullying involves recurrent and intentional acts like teasing to injure another and has been suggested in the occurrence of social anxiety. Self esteem refers to the general view of oneself and proposed ...

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How birth order affects motor development

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Motor development is the physical growth and capability of a child to use his body parts in skilled movements. It is primarily divided into two categories gross motor and fine motor skills. Gross motor skills are abilities in which a child develops large motor muscles and is able to perform actions like jumping, racing, hopping twisting, throwing and so on. Similarly, fine motor skills refer to the ...

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Stereotypes in policing

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Introduction Stereotype can be defined as a conception or even a certain image with a specific meaning associated with this conception. The stereotype then acts as a common belief in that community or group which has that stereotype. All members of that community are then supposed to follow that stereotype and any deviance may lead to a serious curse. The stereotype is supposed to be a ...

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Sigmund Freud's theories in modern psychology

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Freuds theory has a special place in the Psychology discipline. Most mainstream contemporary psychologists tend to shy away from his theory and is looked upon as equivalent as the flat earth theory in its irrelevancy (Kline, 1984, p. 47) yet his theory still continue to be studied. Before proceeding with evaluating the theory, it is appropriate to outline the basic ideas of Freudian theory itself. Then, arguments ...

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Mutual exclusivity bias and word learning in children

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Advocates of the role of lexical biases in word-learning tend to emphasise the learnability problem posed by the arbitrary relationship between words and their referents. This is commonly illustrated using Quine's (1960) 'Gavagai' paradox, in which a linguist in a foreign country sees a native speaker point to a white rabbit running past, and hears them shout 'gavagai!' The linguist is then faced with the task of ...

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Autistic Child's Failure & False Belief Task

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Autistic Child's Failure & False Belief Task Is caused by an Executive Function Deficit Autism is a neurological disease which is occasionally called (Classical Autism) and belongs to a class of developmental disorders called the Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). It develops at an early age in life, before the age of 3 years and presents itself by through “impaired social interaction, problems with verbal and nonverbal communication, ...

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Self Reference Memory Recognition

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Self Reference Memory Recognition The Self Reference Effect: Are You Talking About Me? Abstract The self reference experiment, Rogers, Kuiper, & Kirker, (1977), examines which encoding tasks are superior in memory recognition. In the present study participants completed a series of questions that asked if a word either described them (self reference) or if the word had an ‘e’ (structural). A recognition task was given at the ...

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Factors Responsible For Individuals Personality

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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'I like his/her personality.' We hear this very often. Also, in our day to day conversations, we use the word personality while describing certain individuals. If we like a person, we say that he has a good personality. It is a word that we take a lot of liberty in using. However, the meaning of personality, in the real sense, is not understood properly by everyone. For ...

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Disproving the myth the faults of human memory

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Human memory has oft been compared to that of a video camera, something that accurately records and stores episodes from the past for retrieval at a later date. In truth our recording of memories is through a biased lens, what we do record is often interpreted through our perceptions of how a situation ought to be and when recall what we have stored any incomplete sections are ...

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Beck Anxiety Inventory

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Below is a list of common symptoms of anxiety. Please carefully read each item in the list. Indicate how much you have been bothered by that symptom during the past month, including today, by circling the number in the corresponding space in the column next to each symptom. Not At All Mildly but it didn't bother me much. Moderately - it wasn't pleasant at times Severely - ...

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Description Of Personality Development Theories

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Since older times to this present day and age, there have been many different theories and approaches on the phases of growth. Of these, the most sensible and recognized are Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development and Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development. Both are great theorists that have very similar yet different ways of approaching social and physical development in the common human being. The Concept of Psychosexual ...

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Pharmacology in the treatment of mental health issues

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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The use of pharmacological tools in the treatment of a plethora of mental health issues has been going on for centuries. The use of different pharmacological interventions is also closely tied to present theory about the mechanisms that underlie different mental health difficulties. Thus, treatment has the ability to inform theories about the aetiology of different psychological disorders. A good example of this is the serotonin hypothesis ...

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Debate over roles of the fusiform face area

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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The roles of the fusiform face area have received much debate in the past literature over the years. Researchers have been actively measuring the function of the fusiform face area (FFA) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and behavioral outcome in perceptual task to explore the roles of FFA in the detection and identification of face and object (Grill-Spector, 2004). However, FFA was not only active during ...

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The development of contemporary counselling

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Introduction McLeod (1998) suggested in order to understand the development of contemporary counselling, and to distinguish the significance of the current patterns of the way counselling is practice within the Western culture now, it is important to examine how counselling has evolved over the past 200 years and how it has helped mould modern civilisation in today's fast paced world. This essay will be discussing the theories ...

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Family Environment, Socio-Economic Status And Parenting Styles

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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During childhood, the family environment "constitutes the basic social ecology in which the child's behavior is manifested, learned, encouraged or suppressed" (Dishion and Patterson 2006).Dishion, T. J., & Patterson, G. R. (2006). In the 1960s, psychologist Diana Baumrind, using research methods such as naturalistic observation, parental interviews and other methods, identified four important dimensions of parenting: Disciplinary strategies, warmth and nurturance, communication styles and expectations of maturity ...

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Research on cognitive dissonance in smokers

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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The current state of knowledge on cognitive dissonance has made profound impact not only research but also in designing study interventions that can be used to resolve societal problems. From the first time that Festinger proposed the theory in 1957, there have been several researches which have held similar or different views in support or in criticism of Festinger theory. In 1991, McMaster carried out a study ...

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Influence of parental attachment on the self concept

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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The main founders of the Attachment Theory are John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. According to Bowlby 'Attachment theory regards the propensity to make intimate emotional bonds to particular individuals as a basic component of human nature, already present in germinal form in the neonate and continuing through adult life into old age.' (Bowlby 1988, 120:121) He presented us with this new way of thinking starting between the ...

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Model Of Loss And Its Definition

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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The definition of loss can mean absolutely anything to anyone, depending on the person and their situation. However, I personally define and perceive loss as a change. Change can be healthy and indispensable. But every now and then it can hurt, and we can at times refuse to accept it. I have personally gone through a personal loss experience and it was difficult, painful and hard to ...

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Is Psychology A Science?

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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The debate over whether psychology is a science, art, or both, makes logical sense when considering that its historical emergence was heavily influenced by two disciplines, one scientific (physiology), and the other, non-scientific (philosophy). The application of empirically-based scientific methods by the natural sciences, to the study of human psychology is a historically recent event which is generally acknowledged to have begun in the latter part of ...

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Limitations Of Rogerian Approach To Therapy

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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In writing this essay I wanted to answer the question as to the limitations of the Rogerian approach in a balanced and fair way. The limitations I discuss are by no means discrediting the doctrine but rather set out in a way to also present the positives as I personally see the Rogerian approach as an incredibly useful tool to have in a therapist's repertoire. The person ...

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Stress and the fight or flight mechanism

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Stress is the state that results when the transactions between an individual and the environment lead the individual to perceive a discrepancy, whether actual or not, between the demands of a situation and the resources of the person's biological, psychological, or social systems (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984). Theories that focus on the specific relationship between stressors (external demands) and stress (bodily processes) can be grouped in two ...

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Define empowerment, capacity building and participation

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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in the context of your research. Describe the dependent and independent variables in your research and justify the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The understanding of the concept of 'empowerment' varies among disciplines. It is a cross-disciplinary term, mainly used in fields of Education, Psychology, Community Development, Economics, among others. Based on this many meanings of the term, it has been seen as a construct ...

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Differences Between Qualitative And Quantitative Research

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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The main difference between quantitative and qualitative research is their method of selecting samples. First, quantitative research is a scientific method using probability sampling while qualitative research is non-probability sampling method. Quantitative sampling is random selection which means every member of population has equal chance of being selected (Del Balso and Lewis 2005). It emphasizes on selecting a large size of samples for generating and ensuring the ...

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Maturation Of The Adolescent Brain

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Adolescence is defined as a stage that involves physical, intellectual, social and hormonal development, from childhood to adulthood. Adolescence is both exciting and confusing, due to the transformations and changes that occur in the individual's body. It is characterized by locomotor activity, novelty seeking, increased risk-taking, due to an increased appetitive drive. Adolescence is a stage of elevated activity in the body systems. The pubertal switch to ...

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Relationship Between Happiness And Conscientiousness

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

5 (1,687 )

This study looked at the influence of the happiness on the Conscientiousness factor of the Big Five personality factors and this has been achieved by a sample consisted of 145 (121 females and 24 males) undergraduate Psychology students that completed two questionnaires, each questionnaire measuring a different variable. The interpretation of data has been done by using statistical measurement software. According to the results, a statistically significant ...

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Methods For Collecting Job Analysis Information

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Organizations consist of jobs that have to be staffed. Job analysis is the procedure through which you determine the duties of these position and the characteristics of the people to hire for them. Job analysis produces information used for writing job description ( a list of what the job entails) and job specifications ( what kind of people to hire for the job). ( James Clifford, summer ...

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Behavioral beliefs and attitudes towards behaviours

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Many studies have been conducted on The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) in predicting health behaviours among the people. The TPB model has been used as framework to determine the attitude and behaviour of the people. The qualitative research was done to evaluate the behaviour of the people and the factors which influence the intentions of the people i.e. 'attitude toward the behaviour', 'subjective norm', and 'perceived ...

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Student attitudes toward seeking and using counseling services

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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This chapter discusses the past studies related with the students' attitudes toward seeking and using counseling services for psychological problems. This study uses the research instrument developed by Fischer and Turner (1970). The literatures about this study will be divided into few parts. The first part of the literature review is about previous studies on the attitudes toward seeking and using counseling services among students. The second ...

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Eriksons psychosocial theory

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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The main element of Erikson's psychosocial theory is the development of ego identity. Ego identity can be defined as the conscious sense of self that we develop through interactions with others in our social groups. Erikson strongly believed that with every new experience our ego identity alters, and that our behaviours and actions motivated by confidence. Hence Erikson's theory is based upon the likelihood that a person ...

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Key Distinctions Between Positivism And Phenomenology

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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The purpose of research is simple according to Francis Dane (1990: 212) in that it is a means by which we seek to acquire knowledge and understanding by answering questions about the world. 'Knowledge' is a very important concept which is closely related to the concept of 'epistemology'; defined as the study or theory of the origin, nature and limits of knowledge (May, 2001). The theory of ...

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Schema Driven Memory

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Schema Driven Memory - Watch This! Abstract Many hypothesised about Schema Driven Memory, the latest well known study was accounted by French & Richards in 1993. It's purpose was to investigate memory conditions from 3 different experimental conditions. The amount of participants taking part was 41 the study proved most interesting to French & Richards as at the end of it they have learnt that their experiment ...

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Main Concepts In Social Comparison

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Social comparison can be defined as the way people compare themselves to others in order to engage in self-evaluation or to achieve some form of self-improvement (Suls, Martin, and Wheeler, 2002). In examining the main concepts regarding social comparison, the paper will discuss self-evaluation, the proxy and triadic models, self-enhancement, and assimilation and contrast. The evolution of findings, methodology, and theorizing within the area of social comparison ...

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Lobes of the brain and their associated functions

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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CEREBRUM Occipital Lobes The occipital lobe is located at the lower central back of the brain. It is considered as the primary center for processing visual stimuli. This lobe is also involved in color and movement discrimination, and visuospatial processing. Any significant trauma at the back of the head can cause subtle changes in the visual-perception area. It covered by cortical tissue, this is also called the ...

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Self monitoring and intervention for ring fidgeting habit

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Habits are said to form when utilizing the same behavior regularly and consistently in a similar situation for the same purpose. They are performed with minimal thinking and little deliberation; and can be considered an automatising of behaviour. While efficiency in cognitive capabilities is achieved; habits cause information to be ignored, never influencing performance of the habit; as outcomes as a result of the habit are overly ...

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Study On Dance Movement Therapy

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Nowadays, Dance Movement Therapy is considered very effective in cases when adults need overcome the depression. It addresses the relational and emotional issues and helps adults to rehabilitate. The body is used as an instrument to stop the feelings of depression, to renovate the powers of the body and to update the work of the mind. Dance Movement Therapy is considered very effective, especially in the modern ...

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Does parental guidance affect the emotional maturity of a child?

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Emotional maturity depicts one's capacity to manage and to check his/her emotions, to evaluate others' emotional state and to persuade their judgment and actions (L.J.Saul,1972). This study attempts to explore the role of parental guidance on the emotional maturity of a child. In specific, the emotional maturity levels of two sects' of children were measured. The sample groups targeted were between the age group of 14 to ...

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Theories Of Emotion In Daily Life

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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On the last assignment, I have explained about the theories of emotion. There are five theories of emotion that the physiologists and psychologists had theorized it. They come out with such theories because of all of the people did not know where their emotional experiences come from. But most people think that they really know about emotions. They think of emotions as special kinds of feelings and ...

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Recruitment And Selection From The Exchange Perspective

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Subsequent to the recruitment of a pool of applicants, organisations need to decide on which applicants to employ. Many organisations are realising the important contribution, effective selection practice can make, and in light of this, are utilising an assortment of methods to improve the successfulness of the entire recruitment and selection process. Validity and reliability are two important aspects that are considered fundamental when assessing the robustness ...

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What Is Locus Of Control?

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Human beings have a strong longing to organize the events occurrence in their lives and all their achievements are based on this aspiration. There is sturdy validation to show that people with a strong sense organize over their lives are enhanced with reverence to physical, social, and psychosomatic well being than those who be deficient in this sense. According to the extent to which people account a ...

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The Purpose of Phenomenology

03 Oct 2016 27 Apr 2017

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2.0 Purpose of Phenomenology The purpose of a phenomenological approach in research is to clarify and enlighten how people understand and comprehend certain phenomena. (Lester, 1999) Humans have different personal perspectives. Since this type of research rely on human experiences and often have different interpretations, phenomenological research helps to gathers detailed information through qualitative methods. Qualitative methods used can be interviews and discussions, and data can ...

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Learning Strategies and Information-Processing Development

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Learning can be simply defined as the process that leads to relatively permanent change in behavior or potential change in a person's behavior. Learning makes one change the way they perceive the environment, react to stimuli and interact. Cognitive psychology is a very important branch of modern psychology. The main focus of this approach is the memory-how information is stored and retrieved. Several theories have been developed ...

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Risk Factors For Suicide

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

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Suicide is among the leading causes of death and, among teenagers, the leading causes of death in many Asian countries. In recent years there has been growing concern regarding the increasing rate of suicidal behaviors, including suicidal ideation and attempted suicide among Malaysian youth. Suicide is the second leading cause of death among youth between the aged of 18-25. The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes a broad ...

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The relational psychology test

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

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Introduction: In this first project of Psychological Testing, we are going to analyze and critically evaluate a pop-online non-psychological test ( questionnaire ) which is focusing as the title of the test said to Relational Psychology Test but in practice it is a psychodynamic personallity test. Unfortunatelly the Publishers name and the year of publication is unknown and cannot be found via the website that the ...

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The Brain Is Divided Into Two Hemispheres

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

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Cerebral dominance: the tendency of each brain hemisphere to exert control over different functions, such as language or perception of spatial relationships (Zimbardo, Johnson, and Weber 77). The human brain has three major parts: the cerebellum, the brain stem, and the cerebrum. The cerebrum is the largest sector of the brain; therefore, it is split vertically into the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere ("Brain" 6946). How ...

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Study Of Genetics And Developmental Psychology

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

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To explain human behaviour as being part genetic and part developmental has been a controversial subject for many years for theorists exploring the concept of Nature versus Nurture. To understand genetics and developmental psychology is to understand what we inherit and how environmental input effects us. Genetics and developmental psychology in which Plomin accepts the important role of Nature and Nurture is the subject I will be ...

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Word Length effects in visual word recognition

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

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The way letters in words are processed in our orthographic system is subject to considerable controversy. Theorists argue that letters in words are processed either in series or in parallel. This study attempts to resolve this debate by examining the effect of Word Length on decision speeds for words in a lexical decision task. A multiple regression analysis which included other linguistic descriptors such as Familiarity and ...

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Good therapeutic relationships for positive therapeutic outcome

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is the form of treatment that has gathered the most empirical support for its efficacy to date. Its efficacy in treating a variety of psychological disorders in adults has been well documented (see Butler, Chapman, Forman, & Beck, 2006). In fact, 94% of "well-established" empirically supported treatments (see Hunsley, Dobson, Johnston, & Mikail, 1999) are cognitive behavioural therapies. CBT is based on the ...

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Judgement and decision making in auditing

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

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INTRODUCTION "Accounting at its core is about the judgment and decision making (JDM) of individuals such as investors, managers, and auditors" (Bonner, 2008, 1). Accounting at its core is about individual or group JDM. This paper discusses JDM in auditing using previous research to understand auditor decisions while in an auditee environment or location (i.e. onsite judgment calls). As Libby and Luft stated, "we must understand a ...

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Data Collection Method In Mechanical Engineering

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

8 (2,949 )

Introduction Engineering is an area that has diversified over the past few years. This has been due to the current advancement in technology. A good example of engineering area that has largely diversified is the mechanical engineering. This has been attributed to the need of more advanced and efficient machines. Most of the hard work is done by machines with man being reduced to a mere overseer ...

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The concept of compensation

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

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INTRODUCTION According to Barneat (1995), compensation is "equal in the opposite sense the effect of the thing with other" or " giving or make a profit in compensation for any damage caused", both definition can be found at the main element, the idea of exchange or return. If move this idea to the organizational field appears, immediately, the relationship between person and organization, a resource sharing relationship ...

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Analysing Research Approaches: Qualitative Vs Quantitative

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

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Qualitative research deals about the nature of any object or project which we are doing, the development of any object will depend on its quality first. Qualitative research means, it is a meaning and understanding research. The method employed is open-end questions, text data and emerging approaches. And it is in the form of words and pictures. Quantitative research is the process of determining the values by ...

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Self Objectification and the Sexualization of Girls

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

17 (6,716 )

Contemporary Western culture has essentially commodified the female body and form and we now live in a society where women's bodies tend to be valued as appearance-based, sexual objects; objects that can be viewed and appraised, bought and sold, and ultimately consumed, by other individuals and society as a whole. Sexual objectification of the female body exists along a continuum ranging from the literal (e.g., human sex ...

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Consumer Memory In Relation To Advertising Effectiveness

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

4 (1,217 )

Psychology is known for the study of the human mind and its behaviour. It can be seen as the umbrella term for the sub-fields of psychology such as cognitive psychology and social behaviour (McLeod, 20011). It is frequently argued whether or not psychology is a science or simply a descriptive science, a description of which scientist use to say that the subject is 'not a science', it ...

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Behaviour Self Perception

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

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Behaviour Self Perception Behaviour can be described as ‘conscious or unconscious, overt or covert, and voluntary or involuntary’. Subsequently it is of great interest to the study of psychology. It allows psychologist to predict mood, understand and treat abnormality. Self perception is said to tie into the type of behaviour we demonstrate. According to self-perception theory (Daryl Bem's, 1967), people come to a conclusion concerning internal characteristics ...

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Choosing Appropriate Quantitative Research Design

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

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Quantitative research is designed to provide quantitative (numerical) data that answers questions related to trends, attitudes, opinions, or the impact of treatment on a population. Before quantitative research begins, it is necessary to identify the purpose of the study, the population to be studied, the variables involved in the study, and the type of data that would be most useful as an end product. After identifying these ...

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