Psychology Essays | Free Essays on Psychology

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Looking at two different theories of cognitive development

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,877 Words)

Does cognitive development occur through the use of other figures in society, or is it something that we have to broaden through our own personal experience? Jean Piaget and Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky are both key figures in forming a constructivist theory about how the mind develops, and how we learn to perceive the world. Whereas Piaget places great emphasis on cognitive constructivism; in that we must learn ...

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Critically assess the strengths and weaknesses of personal construct

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,254 Words)

In social psychology, individual difference research aims to find out why individuals act differently in the same scenarios (Butt, 2007). This essay will be looking at two different theories which study and interpret individual differences to personality in two different ways. Kelly's (1955, cited in Butt, 2007; Stevens, 2002) personal construct theory and Eysenck and Rathman's (1965, cited in Butt, 2007) trait theory of personality will be ...

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Eye-tracking in Psychological Research

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,046 Words)

Throughout its rich history, the application of eye tracking in science generally and psychology specifically is an important methodological consideration. This is due to the expanding use of the technology in numerous fields, which has provided tremendous insights to the domains of human vision, perception, attention, language, reading and education, physiology, development and neuroscience. In addition, tracking eye movement have recently become an essential marketing and advertisement ...

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Influence And Persuasion Are Important Leadership Tools Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,361 Words)

Influence can have a major impact on a person's life by how well one is able to influence others and how others influence the individual. By using specific techniques and methods one can greatly increase their level of influence on others. The first step is to assess one's own level of influence to identify personal areas of weakness. The second step is learning and understanding the roots ...

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The comparison of behavioral and mainstream economics

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

14 Pages (5,388 Words)

The main question of this paper concerns the comparison of behavioral and mainstream economics. The concept follows a straight line from different approaches and ideas of various authors stating their opinion on behavioral economics as well as mainstream economics. Mainstream economics is defined as the maximization of an individual's utility function, whereby the utility is a function of quantity of goods or services (McDonald, 2008), the basis ...

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Early Attachment Relates To Later Adult Relationships

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,099 Words)

During the 1950s and 1960s the assumption that babies become attached to the people who feed them because of an association with hunger relief was challenged. Harlow used isolated monkeys and two wire mesh cylinders, one contained a nipple to provide milk and the other was covered in towelling. According to learning theorists the monkeys should show more attachment and spend more time with the wire cylinder ...

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Importance Of Counsellor Qualities In Counseling Relationship Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,365 Words)

Discuss the way in which Counsellor Qualities such as Empathy, Genuineness and Unconditional Positive Regard are important in the Counseling Relationship. It is essential in any helping relationship to have an anticipation for change. In the counseling relationship it presents as Hope. An optimism that something will develop in order to bring about constructive change in the personality of the client in order for them to be ...

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Data Collection Methods Sampling Procedure And Data Analysis Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,872 Words)

1.1 RESEARCH APPROACH There are several approached used for conducting the research that includes, inductive, deductive and adductive approach. In deductive approach, theories are built to design research strategy and process goes from general to specific. While, in inductive approach, the theory would follows data and categorization was based on grouping information through data analysis (Bryman & Bell 2007). For the present study, mixed approach was used ...

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The Eight Stages Of Development By Erikson Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,884 Words)

Domino Affonso It focuses on life-span development. Due to this fact, the study reports on the development and initial validation of an instrument. The method is composed of a scale development, subjects and a factor analysis. The sample was quite heterogeneous. The respondent had to rate 0%-100% scale, how successfully they had met each of 19 life challenges for example productive person, trusting other people or loving ...

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Structuralism And Edward Titchener Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,112 Words)

Edward Titchener was a famous psychologist who was born in Chichester, England in 1867. He studied physiology, classics, and philosophy at Malvern College and Oxford University before pursuing his doctorate degree in clinical psychology at the University of Leipzig (King, Viney, & Woody, 2009). While at the University of Leipzig, Titchener studied under Wilhelm Wundt, a psychologist who is known as the father of experimental psychology (Schultz ...

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Relationship Between Insomnia And Depression Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,708 Words)

Nowadays, insomnia is the most widespread sleeping disorder of this century. Being one of the most common sleep disorders, insomnia can be defined as inability to maintain a good sleep hygiene. According to epidemiological studies, atleast one third of the general population suffer from sleep troubles and among this, the incidence rate of insomnia is around 6% to 10% (Daley et al. 2009). Insomnia can be viewed ...

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Positive and Negative Affective Outcomes

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,959 Words)

Work stress is a significant problem in the industry. This article explains stress as demands of the job and a person inability to meet those demands. Stress can be both positive and negative. This research has examined the positive and negative effects of stress. For positive stress term "Eustress" is used and for negative stress the term distress is used. This is a study of one hundred ...

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Possible Bias In The Bentley Music Test Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,475 Words)

This study investigated the widely employed Bentley Music Test and the possibility of bias towards prior musical experience, gender or age. Specifically, this study sought to determine if there were any significant predictor variables for the outcome of the Bentley Music Test. This study illuminated potential bias using gender , age, parent/guardian musical experience and finally the Childs own musical exposure as predictor variables. Priority was placed ...

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Job Satisfaction And Quality Of Work Life Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

16 Pages (6,339 Words)

Job satisfaction and quality of work life go hand in hand when talked about real satisfaction since one is the outcome of other .The present paper attempts to examine the impact of job satisfaction and its attribute on quality of work life of employees working in management colleges in Faridabad region The basic objective of the study was to determine the difference in job satisfaction based on ...

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Interventions for Bipolar Disorder

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,823 Words)

This paper is designated to offer an understanding of bipolar disorder. To write this paper, I divided my thoughts into two parts; the first one is an overview of bipolar disorders that explains the definition of bipolar disorder, the signs and symptoms, etiology and the comorbid disorder with bipolar disorder; the second part is the intervention part which states how some interventions may help school psychologists and ...

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Classifying disorders using the four ds of diagnoses

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,016 Words)

Assessing when a patient problem or symptom elevates to the severity required to diagnose a psychiatric condition can be a difficult task, particularly for inexperienced practitioners. The "Four Ds" (deviance, dysfunction, distress and danger) can be a valuable tool to all practitioners when assessing reported traits, symptoms, or conditions in order to ascertain the point of at which these factors might represent a DSM IV-TR disorder. This ...

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The Methodology Of Biopsychology: Substance Abuse

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,267 Words)

To understand addictive behavior, one must understand the brain; the pursuit of this understanding is a challenge with great rewards. Analyzing human behavior requires subjectivity, while the brain contains objective realities; this requires holistic approach for full comprehension. Three general types of methodological issues are prominent in research involving assessment of addiction: (1) the reliability and validity of self-report, collateral, and biological methods of assessing substance use, ...

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Effects of Different Music on Blood Pressure

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,830 Words)

In this experiment we will be analyzing results and observations in an attempt to create an answer to the underlying question, as to how music affects a person's blood pressure and heart rate. Blood pressure and heart rate measurements are regularly taken for a variety of reasons. As mentioned by Medline Plus, a high blood pressure or low blood pressure can lead to many different heart problems ...

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Psychopathology and therapies, depression, schizophrenia and eating disorders

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,599 Words)

For this assignment I will be looking at three disorders and three therapies, these will be depression, schizophrenia and an eating disorder. The therapies I will be looking at are psychodynamic, behavioural and the cognitive approach. Depression Outline the clinical characteristics of depression. There are two main categories of depression these are unipolar depression and bipolar depression (manic). Although the usual symptoms of depression are similar in ...

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The Influence Of Misleading Information Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

24 Pages (9,224 Words)

Using Loftus study on the influence of misleading information on an individuals eyewitness testimony, it was predicted that after viewing a video clip, there would be a compelling difference amid participants who were misled due to misleading questions and participants who were not misled. Additionally, it was predicted that participants would be increasingly misled from information derived from that of a truck, opposed to that of a ...

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What Is Childhood Onset Schizophrenia Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,063 Words)

The number of people with schizophrenia in Canada in 2004 was estimated at 234,305or 1% of the population. The probability of individuals developing schizophrenia is higher for those that have the illness existing in their family history. Men and women are affected equally, but among the individuals who have schizophrenia, the male population is more likely to experience the illness at an earlier age than the female ...

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The Brain And Brocas Area Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,343 Words)

The brain is said to be one of the most complex things in the universe. It has an estimated 100 billion neurons and countless synaptic connections between these. These neurons are highly complex in structure, each with the potential of having over a thousand dendrites branching to communicate and connect to other neurons. Evolution, however, has allowed for the development of a functional order from what would ...

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Fear and non fear inducing anti smoking advertisements

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,990 Words)

The study examined Fear inducing and non fear inducing anti smoking advertisements, and how they would affect the change of intent to quit, and the general awareness of health risks, to heavy and social smokers. The change in behavior was measured using multiple adverts, either fear inducing or non, and a self report questionnaire. A 2x2 between groups design was used , the independent variables, were advertisement ...

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Caligula Was The Most Sinister Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,111 Words)

Caligulas father, Germanicus, was the grandson of the well-regarded Emperor Augustus and the nephew of Emperor Tiberius, the adopted son and the successor to his father's throne of power. When Emperor Augustus died, he left Tiberius in command to become the royal heir to the emperor. Although, Tiberius knew that Geramanicus was next in line to rule, his jealousy and insecurities kept him from appointing him as ...

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Characteristics of dyslexia and its effect on children

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

14 Pages (5,215 Words)

Dyslexia, which is also known as specific reading disability, is a complicated condition. Issues surrounding dyslexia such as how and why it occurs and how it can be assessed and treated are constantly being discussed. This condition has various characteristics but not all of them affect every person who has dyslexia. Thus, it has been impossible to agree on a conclusive definition of dyslexia. However, it can ...

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Relationship Between Humans And Colour In Architectural Spaces

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,890 Words)

Colour can clarify and define space, form and structure, yet in many architectural practices is often considered only at the final stages of the design process. This tendency to subordinate colour reflects an attitude held by many design professionals since the Renaissance. The premise that colour is secondary to form, the 'disegno colore' theory, was established by Aristotle in his 'Poetics' during the Renaissance. Further reinforcing this ...

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Qualitative Measures Of Verbal Fluency Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

21 Pages (8,052 Words)

There has been no common consensus among researchers regarding the best scoring and interpretation procedure for the verbal fluency task. This review provides a summary of various systems of qualitative scoring measures employed by investigators for deeper understanding of verbal fluency performance. Some of the qualitative measures include clustering and switching analysis, method of hierarchical exploration, error production analysis and time course analysis. Clustering and switching analysis ...

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Attitude-behaviour Inconsistency in Environmental Consumerism

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,368 Words)

The following section provides a short review of the attitude-behaviour inconsistency in environmental consumerism. Next, a brief review of the relevant attitude and social dilemma theory is presented followed by the elements that affect consumers' cooperation in environmental social dilemma. Environmental attitudes and behaviours are definitely an interesting yet challenging area for marketers to explore. According to Yencken, Fien and Sykes (2000, p.41), attitude is defined as ...

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Substance Abuse And Offending Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,251 Words)

Substance abuse is a major problem in the general population as well as in prisons and the wider criminal justice system Roberts, Hayes, Carlisle Shaw, 2007. In recent years an increasingly greater proportion of prison inmates are mentally ill, have substance use disorders and other chronic health problems (Lowinson, 2005). In understanding the connection between substance use and criminal behaviour it is important to recognise the range ...

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Social interaction and how we rapidly forms impressions

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,496 Words)

Human beings are social creatures. Our interaction with another is important as it provides us with a vast amount of information necessary to carry out daily activities. With the amount of information that is available to us at one time, the human mind has naturally developed shortcuts that allow us to function more efficiently in a social world. One function of human interaction is the ability to ...

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The History Of Anger Management Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,979 Words)

All of us know what anger is & we would have felt it in some or the other way in many situations in our life. It is a completely normal & healthy human emotion that everybody faces & we cannot turn down the fact that all of us have some reasons or the other to react in a certain way which falls within the boundaries of ANGER. ...

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Explain Human Behaviour And Mental Processes Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,296 Words)

Psychologists use different approaches in Psychology using different assumptions and theories to study and explain human behaviour and mental processes; these are behavioural, biological and psychodynamic approaches. This essay will assess and look at key assumptions, theories, evidence and will evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. The approaches will be used to apply criminal behaviour. The essay will also consider the nature versus nurture debate, ...

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A Mother Diagnosed With Cancer Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

30 Pages (11,718 Words)

At that time, cancer for me and probably for anyone else was an unknown monster who spared no life when it hits you. There were endless nights full of hope for her recovery. At night before I would doze off to sleep I would look at her closely. She still had that same pretty face, beautiful eyes, lovely shaped lips and brilliant mind. But deep inside, it ...

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Social interaction and the development of infants

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,950 Words)

In the first two years of an infant's life, they undergo many changes that allow them to develop into a fully functioning human being. These developments are controlled by internal and external factors. Social interaction is an exceedingly influential external factor, which can help to form many aspects of development. For example, infants in the first two years of their lives are learning to differentiate between social ...

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The origin of the word anxiety

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (909 Words)

The word anxiety is derived from the Latin word 'angere' meaning to choke, or strangle. 2.2 The definition of anxiety According to Longman Contemporary English Dictionary(2003), anxiety is the feeling of being very worried about something. In the context of learning environment, anxiety is feeling anxious, shy,embarres, worried, trembling, changes in posture (Lang 1968, 1971) in specific situation (Spielberger, Anton and Bedell 1976). 2.3 The approaches used ...

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The Psychoanalytic Explanation Of Criminal Behavoiur Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,477 Words)

Psychological theories have tried to explain why and how the crime occurs. The psychoanalytic point of view, two main theories: Freud's theory of stages of sexual development and the theory of addition of Intent by Bowlby in 1947. These theories conclude that there is a correlation between the formation of personality in childhood and future criminal behavior. Freudian theory of development, suggesting that we go through several ...

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Attitudes Towards Gambling Behaviour Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

19 Pages (7,589 Words)

Gambling has always tended to capture ambiguous views and opinions in society. This project discusses definitions of gambling, causes, models and treatments for those with gambling problems. The primary data is collected from an online questionnaire which was designed based on previous research, drawing particularly from the 2007 British gambling prevalence survey which was conducted in order to gain understanding about the "social impact of gambling and ...

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The Theories Are Of Importance To Counselling Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (4,882 Words)

Each and every counselling approaches are based on some theoretical framework. A theory presents or supplies the counsellor a lens to look through the whole counselling process , the signs of concerns of the clients, and methods to work on accomplishing clients improvement. There are many theories used by counsellors, this essay will discussed four major theories approach by counsellors which are psychoanalytical theory, individual psychology, person ...

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Perceptions And Attitudes Of Tourism Students Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,533 Words)

The perceived nature of an industry is a key factor that determines the attractiveness of an industry. Many studies have projected a two- side image of the tourism industry. One was an image of glamour, reflected in aspects of the work such as associating with people, the opportunity to travel, using foreign languages and diverse job tasks (Szivas, Riley, & Airey, 2003). The other was portraying a ...

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Key Characteristics Quantitative Method Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,756 Words)

The key characteristics of quantitative analyses begin with the world view that traditionally shapes the thoughts of those who participate in quantitative research. The postpoistivist engages in the scientific method beginning by stating a theory. The method is engaged in the research of questions or hypotheses. In seeking answers to research questions or hypotheses researchers ask close-ended questions, a particular method which is also characteristic of the ...

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Social interaction and touch initiation in public places

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,179 Words)

'Touch'- is a fundamental behaviourism of non-verbal communication within the human species - it can be both powerful or subtle, and very complex. This observational study investigates the behaviour of non-verbal communication (NVC) in relation to touch initiation in public places. The group studied are of latter adolescent stage, and opposite sex couples. Henley started the first touching behaviour model - "and found a striking tendency for ...

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Body ownership

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,516 Words)

Body Ownership The sense of one's own body has been a subject of debate among researchers for many years. It is argued to be a very specific type of knowledge, illustrated as being a non-conceptual and somatic (e.g., Kant, 1781/2003; Bermu´ dezas cited in Lango, et al., 2007). It has been argued that this type of knowledge, often referred to as ‘‘embodiment” (Arzy, Overney, Landis, ...

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Socio-economic status and race

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,025 Words)

Abstract The defendant who was Latino was hypothesized to be sentenced to more years in prison by jurors than the defendant who was white. It was also hypothesized that the defendant would be sentenced to more years in prison if the victim was of higher socio-economic status (Businessman) than low socio-economic status (homeless man). There were 60 college aged participants chosen at random. Participants were given one ...

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Job Insecurity Attitude On Job Performance Job Stress Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,944 Words)

ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of this research is to determine whether there exists a relationship between an individual's job insecurity attitudes that can lead to a decrease in the job performance using job stress as the mediator. Approach A questionnaire shall be prepared and used for conducting a survey that shall aim to capture the job insecurity attitude, stress levels and the subsequent decrease/ increase in the ...

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Milgrams studies on obedience and the ethical problems

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,021 Words)

This essay is going to look at Milgram's studies into obedience and then look at the ethical issues that have a risen from this type of study. First and foremost to understand why studies like this were even under taken you have to know how obedience is defined. Obedience is defined in most all dictionaries as submitting to an other's will or orders, though some dictionary may ...

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Hunger and female physical attractiveness

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,227 Words)

Journal article review Does hunger influence judgements of female physical attractiveness? The article I have chosen to study is ‘Does hunger influence judgements of female physical attractiveness?' by Viren Swami and Martin J. Tove´e (2005a.) The introduction shows us that the authors constructed their research from a previous study by Nelson and Morrison (2005), which proposed that hunger and satiety influenced an individual's attractiveness preference. Swami and ...

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Study on the selection process

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

14 Pages (5,385 Words)

According to R.D. Gatewood and H.S. Field, employee selection is the "process of collecting and evaluating information about an individual in order to extend an offer of employment." In an organization, it is the main part of overall staffing process. This includes all the activities from Human Resource Planning, Recruitment to Retention. (By doing human resource planning, the organization projects its likely demand for personnel with particular ...

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Impact of Self Concept on Self Image Development

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

15 Pages (5,609 Words)

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to verify whether Academic performance of students is a suitable mediator between self concept of the students and the self image of the students in the current Indian education context. The study thus presented will study the mediation effect on the self image and the corresponding factors. Design/Methodology/Approach - The research was based on a questionnaire comprising of the ...

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Stroop methodology: attentional bias in alcohol drinkers

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,325 Words)

This study is on attentional bias in alcohol drinkers. In this experiment undertaken the main objective is to find out whether alcohol drinkers are likely to allocate their attention to alcohol-related words, because if our attention is owed to the alcohol-related content, or if our memory processes becomes occupied, the researcher should identify a delay in reaction when the participants are naming the colour of an alcohol-related ...

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Ostracism In The Presence Of Psychological Capital Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,180 Words)

Ostracism is the perception of being ignored or excluded by other employees in a workplace Ferris, Brown, Berry Lian, 2008. ostracism is basically defined as being ignored or excluded by other employees without explanation and intense negative intention ostracism does not provide employees an opportunity for social interaction which is necessary for the fulfillment of their psychological needs (Long-Zeng Wu, Frederick Hong-kit Yim, Ho Kwong Kwan and ...

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Use of projective techniques in qualitative reserach

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,278 Words)

For the past quarter-century there has been a growing use of and interest in qualitative education research (Fram & Cibotti 1991; Miller 1991; Catterall 1998) and the concomitant use of projective and enabling techniques (Miller 1991) within it. Catterall (1998) notes that the way education research is taught is functionalist, technical and narrow-minded, as if education research does not exist within the wider world of historical and ...

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Treatment of eating disorders

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,390 Words)

Abstract Introduction Eating disorders are characterized by patterns of disturbances in eating behavior often accompanied by feelings of distress and/or concern about body weight or shape. Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN), Eating Disorders-Not Otherwise Specified (ED-NOS) are three categories by which eating disorders identified. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) (1994) first identified Binge Eating Disorder (BED) as a provisional eating disorder diagnosis in the DSM-IV. BED ...

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A Study On Theoretical Perspectives In Maladaptive Behavior

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,488 Words)

Maladaptive behavior is known as behavior that is "different" than normal. There are many ways to define behavior that is unusual. Antisocial Disorder is also known as abnormal. There are many perspectives known to help define and explain these behaviors. Scientific theories have been created to organize our thoughts and our beliefs to explain what it all means (Sarason, 2005). Biological Perspective explains the relationships between our ...

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The Prefrontal Cortex And Antisocial Behaviour Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,000 Words)

Today's society, where antisocial behaviour is seen in children and adults, seems to exhibit a greater need to understand its underlying causes. One's ability to act in an appropriate manner in a given social context is quite unique to humans; along with the ability to reason and make conscious decisions. Therefore, it seems to suggest that such civilised behaviours are dictated by an area of the brain ...

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How Social Norms Influence Our Behaviour Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,574 Words)

A social norm is a regulation or expectancy that dominates peoples morals, beliefs, actions, attitudes and behaviours. These regulations are expected of individuals in certain places and settings, and are therefore utilised to lead individual behaviour which determines what is considered appropriate or inappropriate. It could be argued that those who are accused of breaking the norms are seen as 'abnormal'. Consequently, failure to maintain regulations can ...

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The Gestalt Laws Of Perceptual Organisation Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (2,000 Words)

In the early 20th Century, Gestalt psychologists attempted to explain how sensory information is interpreted, stating that the brain creates a perceptual experience greater than the sum of its parts in standard and predictable ways (Gross, 2010). Their laws of perceptual organisation explain perceptual segregation; how visual information, which otherwise would look like random patterns of colour (Hayes & Orrell, 1993), is divided into Gestalten (organised wholes) ...

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Qualitative And Quantitative Research Methods Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

22 Pages (8,403 Words)

Examples of qualitative methods are action research, case study research and ethnography. Qualitative data sources include observation and participant observation (fieldwork), interviews and questionnaires, documents and texts, and the researcher's impressions and reactions Quantitative research Is mean of testing objective theories by examining the relationship among variables. These variables in turn can be measured typically on instruments, so that numbered data can be analyzed using statically procedures. ...

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Four Lobes Of The Brain Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,593 Words)

Based from its name, the frontal lobe is located at the anterior part of the brain. It is considered as the largest part of the brain which is responsible for some of the major functions of the brain; among these are reasoning, cognition and concentration. The primary motor area is also located at the frontal lobe; it allows the person to consciously control his/her muscles for movement. ...

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Objectives Of Data Summarization And Data Reduction Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

14 Pages (5,233 Words)

Chapter 3 The basic difference between the objectives of data summarization and data reduction depends upon the ultimate research question. In data summarization the ultimate research question may be to better understand the interrelationship among the variables. This may be accomplished by condensing a large number of respondents into a smaller number of distinctly different groups with Q-type factor analysis. More often data summarization is applied to ...

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Experimenting with a variant of the stroop effect

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,951 Words)

The aim of the experimental project was to examine a variation of the Stroop effect. How cognitive process are influenced when automatic processing take place. The hypothesis offered was, a significant difference in information processing times would be required over the two conditions when the Stroop effect was used. The null hypothesis states that their will not be any significance during information processing by participants when the ...

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Dysfunction in the Family Alcoholism Violence and Aggression

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,961 Words)

Abstract Typically, there are many assumptions made regarding the associations between alcoholism, aggression, and violence in dysfunctional families; however, when the variables are isolated, adverse outcomes and resulting treatment plans for children of alcoholics, abusers, aggressors, or any combination thereof, may require reexamination. This paper examines the relationship, causes, and effects of alcoholism, abuse, and aggression in dysfunctional families and discusses the treatment options available. Of significance ...

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Formulating a Client with Depression and Anxiety

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

17 Pages (6,497 Words)

Formulation is considered to be a basic and vital therapeutic skill (Eells, 1997; Morrison, Renton, Dunn, Williams, & Bentall, 2004) but also one of the most challenging processes used by clinical psychologists to consistently underline the array of contributing factors to clients' distress (Hook, Hodges, Segal & Coolidge, 2010). Historically, the concept of clinical formulation has been difficult to define and to apply in practice (Eells, 1997); ...

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Case study Emotional regulation

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,716 Words)

Emotion regulation is a significant concept in social psychology and also in personality (Gross & John, 2003; Gross, 2002; Feldman Barrett, Gross, Christensen, & Benvenuto, 2001). Personal differences occurring in it have been correlated to interpersonal performance, well-being and in authenticity (Gross & John, 2003), understanding in relationships that are close (Field, 1994; Gottman, 1994), and open behavior in situations which are broad ranging like athletics (Hanin, ...

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Studies In The Theory Of Emotional Development

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,842 Words)

"The maturational processes and the facilitating environment: Studies in the theory of emotional development" written by Donald W. Winnicott is a fundamental book, which is created from collection of his published and unpublished papers on psychoanalysis and child development between years of 1926-1964. The book informs the readers about the maturation process of a human being step by step from early childhood to adolescence stage. The main ...

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Transpersonal psychology

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,205 Words)

Considering just two of the following approaches - transpersonal psychology, parapsychology - indicate how they differ, how they overlap, and what they can offer to each other and to the study of exceptional human experiences. Critically evaluate both approaches' drawbacks and benefits to the psychology of EHEs. Transpersonal psychology studies the psychology of different experiences an individual has of Exceptional human experiences. Many different experiences can be ...

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Future Career Employment Prospect From University Students Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,614 Words)

The topic of the research is the future career employment prospect from university student's perspective. University students in general have one main concern that they will consider during their university study, that is, their future career dilemma. "What career should I choose? Is this the correct degree for me? What should I do after graduation? What do my parents want me to do after graduation?" are some ...

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Development of memory in infancy

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,350 Words)

Discuss, with reference to appropriate experimental studies, the development of memory in infancy. Memory is the process of encoding, storing and retrieving information. Encoding is the acquiring and the entering of information into the system. Storage is the retaining of the memories over time, and retrieval is recovering the stored memories when required to do so. Memory consists of three systems. Firstly there is the sensory memory, ...

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Positive relationship between physical attractiveness and intimate relationships

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,947 Words)

In daily life, it is common that people somewhat have a greater preference towards beautiful and attractive things and objects. For example, people are willing to pay for what they deemed as beautiful such as garment and clothes. Other than that, celebrities are required to have good and pleasant looking in order to attract the audience. Since attractiveness play an important role in daily life, could it ...

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cognitive models and theories

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (5,072 Words)

Abstract The cognitive theories and models associated with adherence to medical advice such as the Health Belief Model, Rational Choice Theory, Ley's Cognitive Theory and Protection Motivation Model are investigated in this extended essay. The factors affecting medical non-adherence are explored through the cognitive approach and the research question of: 'to what extent do cognitive models and theories offer an explanation for why people do not adhere ...

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Definition and Factors of Visual Attention and Searching

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,696 Words)

Visual attention is an essential part in the mechanism of human cognition. When receiving a barrage of incoming information, individuals rely on visual attention to give order to their environment. After parsing a scene into its distinct components, the visual system directs attention to specific elements for additional processing. This act of selecting Particular items, features, or locations in space can be referred to as visual search, ...

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Early Childhood Stage Critical Phase Of Human Development Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,003 Words)

Introduction The study of human development focuses on the changing behaviours and levels and forms of maturity over the life span. Changes in behaviour occur rapidly in the early years of life theories. Thus, empirical research into early human development draw largely on the discipline of developmental psychology. Other disciplines have a contribution to make to a fuller understanding of the processes involved. The complexity of the ...

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Current Studies Of Obedience Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,226 Words)

Stanley Milgram has conducted several studies in the 1960s and 1970s in which he tested the obedience of people. His results created controversy among people at the time, but the question is still open. Current experiments have tried to replicate Milgram's results but they have encountered several ethical problems. One famous study conducted by Jerry M. Burger 2006 has come up with an ingenious idea to replicate ...

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Falsification

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,303 Words)

Falsification Introduction: The concept of falsification is paramount to validity the modern scientific process. Understanding the method and limitations of science is necessary in order to produce accurate science. As one is not able to escape one's own perception and reality, inductive reasoning is not sufficiently valid process to overcome the problem of induction. It is through this concept of falsification that one is able to ...

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Theories And Ideas On Divorce Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,105 Words)

A divorce is defined as the legal dissolution of a marriage according to the Oxford English Dictionary. If a person wishes to begin a petition for divorce they must be married for at least a year. In the UK a divorce is only granted if the court is satisfied that the reasons are adultery by the husband or wife or unreasonable behaviour by the husband or wife. ...

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Final Outline And Annotated Bibliography Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,395 Words)

Everyone has their own theories of why things are the way they are. Jean Piaget, Lawrence Kohlberg, and Erik Erikson are three men that have outstanding theories about human development; all with their own little thoughts about why theirs is the way it should be. The theories of these men outline and help suggest who we are as people and why we are that way. This paper ...

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Problem Based Learning Reflective Account Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,003 Words)

The Problem Based Learning (PBL) exercise was entitled 'The relationship to change.' Each Case Discussion Group (CDG), consisting of 7 trainees, had to produce a presentation on this topic. Our CDG decided to look at the relationship of the media in changing attitudes towards mental health, with a focus on the Tripartite Model (Triandis, 1971) to explain attitude formation and Stages of Change Model (Prochaska and DiClemente, ...

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The Role Of Extraversion In Perceived Stress And Health

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,010 Words)

In this study, the effect of extraversion on an individual's perceived stress and health was investigated. Participants consist of 274 undergraduates. They were asked to fill a 60-item NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) test and a questionnaire on their perceived stress and health levels. A hypothesis was formed after a review of existing literature on the relevant field and is then tested for. Data collected suggests a ...

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Mechanism Of Action Of Cocaine Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,003 Words)

Cocaine dependence treatment faces a number of problems, both connected with the variety of factors involved in the development of cocaine dependence, and with the often concomitant presence of other disorders like depression or multiple uses of psychoactive substances like other stimulants, alcohol, or opioids so that it becomes difficult to discern what effect is to attribute purely to cocaine addiction, as opposed to other substances or ...

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Own Race Bias Prejudice And Stereotyping Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,138 Words)

This article on own-race bias served as a good follow-up for our readings in Ch. 13 about prejudice and stereotyping. The article also compliments the study it covers well by including a great amount of visual data and graphs from the study. As human beings, we all have some form of own-race bias, which makes us less able to recognize and distinguish between people of a different ...

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The Non Directive Counseling Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,203 Words)

The psychologist Carl Rogers first developedÂ person-centredÂ therapyÂ techniques in the 1940s and 1950s. As such, it is sometimes called "Rogerian" psychotherapy. PCT is generally considered one of the major types of psychotherapy, some of the other types being psychodynamic therapy, psychoanalytic or FreudianÂ therapy,Â existential therapy, and cognitive-behavioural. As cited in (Mearns,2003,p.90) "in a very meaningful sense, therapy is diagnosis, and this diagnosis a process which goes on in the experience ...

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Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,582 Words)

The Psychoanalytic personality process has been examined over many centuries. During the first half of the twentieth century, American psychology was dominated by two schools of thought: behaviorism and psychoanalysis (Association for Humanistic Psychology, 2001). These early approaches of studying the human psyche were limited in many aspects. These ideas of personality assessment were confined to more of the unconscious process, with limited focus on the decision ...

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Embodiment and the rubber hand illusion

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,503 Words)

The sense of one's own body has been a subject of debate among researchers for many years. It is argued to be a very specific type of knowledge, illustrated as being a non-conceptual and somatic (e.g., Kant, 1781/2003; BermuÂ´ dezas cited in Lango, et al., 2007). It has been argued that this type of knowledge, often referred to as ''embodiment" (Arzy, Overney, Landis, & Blanke, 2006), ''bodily ...

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Angle Of Rotation Changes Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,539 Words)

Participants were advised by verbal, written and Ertslab instructions, in how to carry out an experiment, which contained 48 trials of rotated or mirrored images, in order, to detect the subject's reaction time. There was a three second cut off time for each image, and a 'wrong' would indicate to the participant if they answered incorrectly. Results The current study fitted with the set hypothesis 'Reaction time ...

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The Theory Of Cognitive Map Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,361 Words)

In this paper, I will discuss and apply the following learning theories to explain how I learned to play piano: the social-learning theory, behavior modification, purposive behaviorism, and cognitive maps. The theory of cognitive map is established on the concepts of spatial memory and spatial thinking, but I will explain briefly how a person can use cognitive map to learn how to play an instrument such as ...

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Drug abuse and addiction

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,870 Words)

Abstract Drug abuse and addiction is a common problem in the world and is everywhere you look. With this disorder so common, the truth is shed on the misconceptions that people have about drug abuse and addiction. This paper provides a brief overview of drug abuse and addiction, while also looking at the aspects of epidemiology, pathophysiology, social problems, and ethical problems that might present with emergency ...

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Gordon Allport An American Psychologist Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,715 Words)

PsychologyÂ ofÂ the lackÂ of interestÂ andÂ limitedÂ methods, in general,Â failsÂ toÂ discloseÂ or studyÂ of theÂ integrityÂ and consistency ofÂ the charactersÂ thatÂ actuallyÂ exist.Â The greatest drawbackÂ of a psychologistÂ at the presentÂ timeÂ isÂ hisÂ inability toÂ prove the truthÂ ofÂ what heÂ knows. Gordon Allport is an outstanding figure in the world of psychology, and now there is hardly a book on psychology of personality without a special chapter on his theory, or at least references to it.Â Having experienced the impact of different schools, Allport did not actually belong ...

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Studying the big five personality traits

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,179 Words)

Nowadays personality trait test becomes more and more famous in recruitment and personal assessment, it is aiming to predict possible academic success and work performance in different settings. Although there are many academic theories attempt to conceptualize and generalize individual differences in the personality research field, such as psychoanalytic theory, psychodynamic theory, phenomenological theory and cognitive theory. (B.R. Hergenhahn, 1994). Each theory contributes a lot on the ...

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The Introduction To Counselling Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,264 Words)

In this essay the role and function of a counsellor will be explained and evaluated, as well as the key concepts, phenomenology, existentialism, the seven stages of process and the six necessary and sufficient conditions for therapeutic change and how these are important. As well as locus of evaluation, the organismic valuing process, a fully functioning person and the core conditions being in place. All these in ...

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Archetypal Characters In Les Miserables Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,674 Words)

The purpose of this study will be to offer psychotherapists working with young men an imaginal way of seeing the therapy process as informed by archetypal characters in Les Miserables. The soul is the central concept in imaginal psychology whereby it expresses itself in images or archetypes and this is what psychotherapists engaged in depth psychology have to deal with. This images or archetypes inhabit in us ...

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Depression and Criminal Behavior

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,536 Words)

Depression is a wide-reaching condition that affects millions of Americans who experience it in a few different archetypes, but each can be crippling. Bipolar disorder, a severe type of depression, has been connected to criminal behavior when one considers prison-population statistics and the percentage of manic depressives who commit crimes. Factors such as substance abuse, environment, and gender unpack the criminal side of depression and lead to ...

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Physical vs Emotional Motivation of Virginity Loss

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,113 Words)

The emotional and physical influences behind the transition from virgin to non-virgin status amongst African American youth will be explored in this study. The subjects consist of 22 college students (18 - 25 years old) attending Prairie View A&M University in Prairie View, Texas. Each participant was first provided full disclosure, and informed that the study concerned sexual behavior, sexual motivation, as well as sexual arousal and ...

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The key concepts in engagement and assessment

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,067 Words)

The primary theory of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy or C.B.T. is that what an individual thinks, affects their mood, how they feel physically and therefore how they behave (Williams and Garland, 2002) It also takes into account a clients past experiences, current environments and genetic influences (Grant, Townend, Mills and Cockx, 2008). Therefore the main aim of the C. B.T. assessment is to develop an understanding of the ...

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Offender profiling

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,063 Words)

Separating Fact From Fiction: Where Do Peoples Beliefs About Offender Profiling Come From? Chapter I: Introduction to the Study Historically offender profiling has often been seen as more of an art than a science (Muller, 2000; Ressler &Shachtman 1992) leaving it prone to rejection within academic journals (Dowden 2007). However within recent years there has been a sharp increase in the publics interest due to the media ...

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Psychology Essays - Hysteria

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,917 Words)

Hysteria has been seen as both a form of political protest and as the failure to negotiate and resolve the Oedipus complex. Discuss with reference to the Dora case. In many ways, hysteria and the hysteric patient go right to the very heart of psychoanalysis. It was after all, as we shall see, the basis of Freud and Breuer's assertions on the validity of psychoanalysis and psychodynamic ...

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Appropriateness Of Ones Behaviour Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,889 Words)

In this chapter the research methodology used in the study is described. The location/ geographical area where the study was conducted, the study design and the population and sample are described. The instruments used to collect the data, including methods implemented to maintain validity and reliability of the instrument are described. RESEARCH DESIGN AND APPROACH Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were adopted. According to Burns and Grove ...

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Chocolates On Recall Memory Of Images Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,019 Words)

This experiment was performed to determine the effects of chocolates on the recall memory of images. The methodology used was by showing 30 subjects twenty images on a piece of paper for a minute. After a 4 minute-long filler task, the subjects were given one minute to recall as many images as possible. The same procedure was repeated with subjects consuming chocolates. Most of the subjects were ...

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The Issues Pertinent To Self Harm Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,757 Words)

A single definition of self-harm, as well as the vocabulary used to describe the behaviour, has been difficult for researchers and clinicians to identify because there is no generally accepted terminology and various terms have been used in the literature (Ross & Heath, 2002). The term self-harm has often been used interchangeably with self-mutilation, deliberate self-harm, self-injurious behaviours, parasuicide and self-wounding. Weber (2002) identifies that the terms ...

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Correlations Between Iq Scores And Academic Performance Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,496 Words)

Anastasi noted declining correlations between IQ scores and academic performance with increasing levels of educational attainment. Specifically, the correlations between the two constructs declined from r = .70 in elementary school to r = .50 in secondary school and to r = .40 in college (Chamorro-Premuzic & Furnham, 2005). Within postsecondary education itself, there is a declining correlation between ability tests and other measures of intelligence with ...

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Effects of Meditation and Prolonged Exposure Therapy

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,816 Words)

We propose to examine the hypothesis that veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who attend prolonged exposure therapy (PE) along with transcendental meditation (TM) training have lower recurrences of PTSD symptoms than veterans who attend PE or TM group alone. The sampling frame of OIF/OEF veterans was systematically obtained from VAPAHCS, and we anticipate a sample of 100 participants. Participants will be randomly assigned into one of ...

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The Essence Of The Addictive Behavior Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,607 Words)

The essence of the addictive behavior is that in order to escape from reality, people are trying to artificially change their mental state, which gives them the illusion of security, restoration of equilibrium. There are different types of addictive behavior, such as pharmacological and non pharmacological one. They represent a serious threat not only to addict health (physical and mental), but also to those who surround them. ...

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