Psychology Essays | Free Essays on Psychology

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What Is Meant By Personality Dynamics Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,056 Words)

Every person is unique not merely, because people are genetically different. On the contrary, identical twins have the same DNA. However, despite the similarity, the twins will still be two different persons. This implies that there are certain qualities that set a person apart from the others. Theoretically, this will involve the manner of nurturance or upbringing. Nonetheless, this does not account on the divergence among different ...

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The Perception of Pain in Phantom Limbs

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,635 Words)

Phantom limbs are the human perception of limbs that are absent in the human body. This can occur through the removal of a limb, being born missing limb/s, or through severance of the spinal cord. The perception of pain in phantom limbs is commonly reported (Melzack 1992). Among patients, there is variation in the pain reported in regard to severity and duration (Woodhouse 2005). There have been ...

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Overcoming A Social Phobia Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (894 Words)

Social anxiety disorder also known as social phobia, is a psychological anxiety disorder in which people have a strong irrational fear of interaction, or being in situations that may cause one to be judged, because one feels overly burden about being embarrassed or criticized. A scale-based questionnaire is able to diagnose those with social phobia as many tend to confuse social phobia with shyness or introversion. Every ...

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Why People Continue To Binge Drink Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,077 Words)

Binge drinking is defined by the NHS (2011) as the consumption of "eight or more units in a single session for men and six or more for women". It has been argued to have negative effects upon the health of individuals as well as negative effects upon society, such as causing accidents, unsafe sex and violence (Norman, Bennett and Lewis, 1998). The behaviour of binge drinking shows ...

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The Definition And Determinants Of Personality Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,105 Words)

Better operation of organizations associate with different individuals, how they work and performance can influence the running of organization. Because different individuals have their own knowledge, experience, perception, skill and characteristic that just as the important resources to the organization. There are many notions of personality from different literatures; however there is no specific one to define it. According to IAN BROOKS, personality refers to specific attributes ...

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Discuss The Differences Between Quantitative And Qualitative Research Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,082 Words)

This essay discusses two common research approaches, qualitative and quantitative, along with the various research designs commonly used when conducting research within the framework of each approach. As we can say that quantitative research is the process of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and writing the results of a study, while qualitative research is the approach to data collection, analysis, and report writing differing from the traditional, quantitative approaches. ...

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Music And The Brain Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,871 Words)

According to the essayist Thomas Carlyle, music can be known as the speech of the angels. Rhythm also can be known as music, it is a measured pattern of our time and it is also the glue that sticks our life together. Music has the ability to ease a savage beast, it is been discovered, by researchers that these charms work through the brain. Music is a ...

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Together with the supporting theories of Biederman

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,334 Words)

Human beings have the abilities to perceive things round them, in terms of visual perception. Different people can in reality see the perception shift from the retina to the visual pathway in their mind. People, who are not picture thinkers, may not automatically perceive the shape-shifting as their world changes. When objects are viewed without understanding the mind will try to reach for something that it already ...

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Role of Biopsychosocial Factors in Health and Illness

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,350 Words)

A person's health cannot solely be viewed from a biological perspective: psychological, social, and contributing environmental factors also affect a person's life (Bernard & Krupat, 1994). The premise that these subsystems are layered within each other and inextricably connected has resulted in a new way to look at health and illness. Health is traditionally equated to the absence of disease. It is a biomedical model based exclusively ...

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Nature vs. Nurture

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,797 Words)

Introduction Intelligence is a very common subject in psychology but as common as it is, there is no complete way of defining intelligence in it's constitute. Some psychologists have suggested that intelligence is an ability that is general as well as single. Others have come to believe that intelligence is made up of different skills, aptitudes as well as talents. There are many theories that have been ...

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Effects Of Heavy And Soft Music Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,921 Words)

Music has always had affects on human emotion. Music can make anyone feel anything. However, music might have a hidden effect. This is referring to the human cardiopulmonary system. Heart rate is the amount of times the heart pumps blood in one minute. Blood pressure is how hard the blood is pumped through arteries. This is important because one way to gauge a person's health is to ...

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observing smoking reducing stress and anxiety

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,839 Words)

To observe either smoking reduces stress and anxiety. Like mostly smokers said that when they are under stress or anxiety and they smoke a cigarette then their stress relieved and they feel fresh and relaxed. In my research I would like to find either this is true or not. To observe person's psychological condition with smoking habit. In many studies it is shown that smoking habbit is ...

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The History Of Behaviorism Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,713 Words)

Today the most commonly studied field of psychology is behaviorism. Behaviorism is the school of psychology where the goal is the prediction and control of behavior. Behaviorism today is a result of its philosophical roots and the work of major theorists. Three major theorists who contributed to behaviorism are John B. Watson, Edward Chace Tolman, and B.F. Skinner. Prior to behaviorism, objective psychology was the main area ...

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Personality And Intelligence Concepts Are Closely Related Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,847 Words)

Personality and intelligence concepts are closely related. Personality describes a set of character traits that are measurable, and it is the supreme of the inmate psychology of a living being (Carver and Scheier, 2000). Intelligence on the other hand, is one of supporting elements of personality, and it supports components of personality thus sometimes considered part of the personality. It is not easy to define personality. Personality ...

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Cognitive processes that shape the perception of stress

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,324 Words)

Stress may be conceived as an array of neurological and physiological responses that performs an adaptive purpose (Bernard & Krupat, 1994). Research into stress has been dominated by the body's reaction to stress and the cognitive processes that shape the perception of stress. Socio-cultural influences of stress are also relevant. This essay presents three theories of stress: a systemic theory, a transactional theory, and a conservation of ...

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The Influence of Media Violence on Children

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,744 Words)

The effect of media violence on children has caused a lot of debate in the past years. As expected several research were found to either prove that media violence has a negative effect on children or not. Numerous scholarly articles were acquired in this research because this topic has caused a lot of debate in the past as it concerns all ages from children to adults. For ...

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Are Piaget and Montessori constructivist theorists

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,163 Words)

Among other specific theories of knowledge acquisition (like empiricism, rationalism), which aim to describe how learning happens, constructivism theories are a group of theories that believe that individuals generate knowledge in result of interaction between their experiences and their thoughts. (If we speak about very first stages of child's development, then it would be interaction between experiences and behavior patterns). Jean Piaget was basically the first to ...

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The Multi Store Model And The Reconstructive Model Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,515 Words)

In this essay there are two memory models what are compared. The memory models are the 'Multi Store Model' and the 'Reconstructive Model'. It shows how the models work, some studies which have been done experimenting the model, advantages and disadvantages to the models. The multi store model is a theory by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968). They say that memory uses a number of different processes and ...

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Cyberbullying A 21st Century Social Dilemma Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

15 Pages (5,609 Words)

The recent and ever expanding use of technological devices in the daily lives of children and adolescents' has led to the development of new bullying behaviors dubbed electronic bullying, or cyberbullying. In 2008, over 66% of school age children reported having internet access from their bedroom; today almost 83% have access, and this figure will likely continue to rise (ChildrenOnline, 2008). Increased access to the internet and ...

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Career Autobiography And Critical Analysis Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,279 Words)

The focus of this paper will be to attempt to critically both compare and contrast Hollands Theory of Vocational Personalities in the Work Environment and Super's Self-concept Theory Both theories seem to have their roots to some extent in personality theory exemplified by the work of Holland, whereas Super's theory is based on developmental psychology. The main thrust of both of the theories seems to be concerned ...

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Are Some Emotions Expressed Faster Than Others Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,890 Words)

There have been many studies investigating whether some emotions expressed in the face are detected quicker than others. Many believe negative emotions such as anger would be detected quicker than positive emotions such as happiness as negative emotions suggest something disrupting the environment which could cause a threat to the person perceiving the emotions. Most of the research has focussed on anger and happiness, with some research ...

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Case formulation on agoraphobia and social phobia

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,157 Words)

Jim is a 37 year old man who is suffering from various problems, such as anxiety, depression and poor sleep. He is also living alone in his apartment but has two daughters who live away from home. He has been working in a factory but is off long term because of his anxiety and depression. His current problems include thoughts of harming himself and worrying. When he ...

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Personality in operant conditioning and social cognitive learning

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,583 Words)

B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) and Albert Bandura (b. 1925) play an important role in the field of learning in psychology, their theory are useful to understand one's behavior, The theory that developed by Skinner is operant conditioning, and Bandura developed the theory of social learning theory. Even though both theories are focused on behavior of an individual, they hold a different view on person and their theory are ...

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A case study of authoritarian parenting

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,471 Words)

From all the lines of the passage, clearly Sammy was raised under authoritarian parenting style. Authoritarian parents are adult-centered, demanding and punitive which based on their authority and power. This conclusion can be drawn from the scenario that Sammy's parents had high expectations on her academic performance and let her further her study. Moreover, authoritarian parents would set straight standards of behavior and allowed little open dialogue. ...

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Garden Path Model And The Constraint Based Model

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,926 Words)

Theories into sentence processing can be viewed from two main accounts; a modular account or an interactive account. Garden path model proposed by Fraizer and Rayner (1982) supports the modular account, arguing sentence processing involves the analysis of each individual unit or module of a sentence, with little or no feedback, thus inhibiting correction. Whereas an interactive account supported by the constraint based theory, (McDonald, 1994) argues ...

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The validity of the polygraph in detecting deception

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,126 Words)

This essay will discuss the evidence for and against the effectiveness of polygraph machines or 'lie detectors' in detecting deception. The most common polygraph technique used is the Question Test (CQT; Reid, 1947) were the subject is hooked up to a machine that detect the bodies' physiological processes in regards to attention, emotion and many others that fluctuate when lying. [1] Some behaviour that have been linked to lying ...

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Analytical Comparison And Contrast Of Behaviorism And Humanism

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,937 Words)

Behaviorism is widely discussed in psychology classes among America. Children are introduced to the works of Watson, Skinner and even Pavlov at an early age. Although they may not understand it, it is taught. Behaviorist John Watson, who has been acclaimed as the father of behaviorism, set out to change the narrow focus of psychology. He was not keen on the idea that environment shaped the human ...

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Research on the eight stage psychosocial developmental process

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,612 Words)

Human development can be defined as "systematic changes and continuities in the individual that occur between conception and death" (Sigelman & Rider, 2009, p. 2). The systematic changes which occur over the lifespan can be classified into three groups, namely physical development, cognitive development and psychosocial development. Physical and cognitive development involves growth of the body, physiological systems, changes in perception and other mental process. "Psychosocial development ...

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Study on the Unexplainable Diagnosis Kleptomania

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,878 Words)

From a young age, we are taught to play nice, share with others, and not take possessions that don't belong to ourselves. As we get older, we learn self-control, earning our keep, and protect our valuables from others. However, for some the moralistic guidelines, fear, embarrassment and guilt are not enough to prevent stealing from occurring daily. The news is constantly broadcasting crimes of shoplifting, burglary, larceny, ...

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A Study on Self Esteem and its Implications

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,626 Words)

In psychology, self-esteem reflects a person's overall self-appraisal of their own worth. 1. The original definition (byÂ William James)presents self-esteem as a ratio found by dividing one's successes in areas of life of importance to a given individual by the failures in them or one's "success / pretensions". 2. Morris RosenbergÂ and social-learning theorists defined self-esteem in terms of a stable sense of personal worth or worthiness, measurable by ...

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Mental Disease Genetics Of Schizophrenia Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,489 Words)

An introduction to Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disease, group of psychotic disorders that interfere with thinking and responsiveness. It is a disease of the brain, like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. A person with schizophrenia has deteriorated occupational, interpersonal, and self-supportive abilities. Schizophrenia is known as one of the most disabling and emotionally devastating illness among mankind. But this disease has been misunderstood for so long that ...

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Differences Between Trait And Psychodynamic Theories Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,012 Words)

Personality theories concentrate on how traits are developed and how behaviour is generated. Personality traits are durable dispositions of behaviour that occur across a variety of situations. They are like tendencies; a person's predisposition to react in a certain way in various different situations. Trait theories focus on indentifying the characteristics we possess and the degree to which we possess them. However trait theories are starting to ...

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The Most Important Senses In The Human Body Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,162 Words)

One of the most important senses in the human body is vision, which is the primary source of processing external information. Adequate visual skills are necessary for tasks such as reading and writing (Du Toit et al., 2011). The visual skills that are most often researched and worked within sporting environments and performance contexts are eye dominance, static visual acuity, saccadic movements, pursuit tracking, vergence (the ability ...

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The Nature Versus Nurture Debate Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,393 Words)

The present studies have come to conclude that nature and nurture are inextricable. Both nature and nurture a reciprocal complement to do all the work of determining development. It is extremely unlikely that there are no human being without genetic material to shape the growth and cell differentiation before conception. This means that genetic effects are not only pervasive but necessary. However, it is hard to describe ...

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Effective behavioral and cognitive techniques for managing stress

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,900 Words)

Stress management can be achieved through both cognitive and behavioral techniques. Biofeedback is a cognitive therapy, it has four types of treatment such as electromyogram (EMG), temperature biofeedback, galvanic skin response training, and electroencephalogram (EEG). Relaxation training includes deep breathing, deep muscle relaxation, quieting imagery, hypnosis, and gentle stretch and exercise. Other techniques used are such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, meditation, mindfulness, yoga, cognitive restructuring and music therapy. ...

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Short Research Proposal On Fear Of Crime

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,443 Words)

In this short research proposal, I will critically analyse and justify the reasons why I have chosen to use in depth interviews compared to other qualitative methods in order to research fear of crime among young men aged between 18-25 in inner London. My primary objective is to find out to what extent do young men aged 18-25 living in inner London fear crime. Altogether there are ...

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Ruminating about depression: thinking thought theory and evidence

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,346 Words)

The literature review will be looking at the nature of depression and rumination and outline two prominent theories relating them in discussion today, the S-REF model (Wells & Matthews, 1996) and the response styles theory (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991). Physiological and experimental evidence of the relationship between rumination and depression will be outlined, including evidence that looks at additional factors such as social problem solving and alcohol use. This ...

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The History Of The Level Of Materialism Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

26 Pages (10,363 Words)

Concerns over the rising level of materialism in adolescents and children are increasing among parents, social scientists and educators. In a recent national survey, 88% of respondents spoke that American are too materialistic, 93 % spoke that Americans were too focused on making money and working and 87% spoke that consumer culture makes it too difficult to infuse positive values in American children (Van Boven, Campbell, & ...

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The Cognition Concept And The Abstract Concepts Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,073 Words)

In the field of psychology, the cognition concept is strongly linked to the abstract concepts; for instance, mind as well as intelligence. Cognitive measures are utilized in the determination of an individual's cognitive function level. Basically, cognitive function is the term applied to refer to the ability of a certain individual to process internal thoughts. Cognition is mostly utilized to make to reference mental processes (judgment), intelligent ...

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Experiment to investigate the baby face effect

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,845 Words)

This study was conducted to investigate whether our impressions of others rely on their facial characteristics. It is a replication of the Berry and Zebrowitz-Mc Arthur (1988a) study in which it was supported that people who have baby face features give the impression that they are incompetent of deceiving, or of committing crimes on purpose, whilst people with mature face features influence our judgement negatively in cases ...

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Relationships Between Parenting Style And Self Reliance Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

18 Pages (7,009 Words)

A search of literature in Malaysia has revealed a gap in knowledge of measurement among student in University Putra Malaysia (UPM) student's parenting style on personal and self-reliance. The relationships between parenting style and self-reliance for Asian Adolescent may be challenging question in a multi-racial country where parenting style typology has been one of the most extensively researched within the area of parenting. Authoritative parenting style refers ...

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Analysis of validity and reliability of intelligence assessments

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,181 Words)

Measuring intelligence has always been a pragmatic thing to do (Wilhelm & Engle, 2005). Most people find it hard to be rational in measuring their intelligence. As a common usage, intelligence is attested quantifiably by understanding the 'admissibility of a degree' (Bartholomew, 2004) In other words, there can be no way that intelligence would be perfectly quantified. Only the nearness or the relative distance can be the ...

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Importance and factors involved in marital adjustment

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,461 Words)

According to Alfred Adler (1978), marriage is part of the three tasks (i.e., work, friendship, and love) that the human community sets for every individual. Relationship importance Over the course of life, people learn to establish different relationships, with different values, expectations and commitments. One of those relationships is the marital relationship. For A good marital relationship marital adjustment is essential. Sinha & Mukerjee (1990) defines marital ...

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Indicating An Athletes Arousal Levels And Performance Impact Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,306 Words)

Arousal is a physiological and psychological state of being awake or reactive to stimuli. It involves the activation of the reticular activating system in the brain stem, the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system, leading to increased heart rate and blood pressure and a condition of sensory alertness, mobility and readiness to respond. 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arousal' There are 3 main theories' that can indicate a athletes arousal levels ...

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Explaining the role of amygdala in recognizing emotion

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,341 Words)

The amygdala plays a special role in physiological and behavioural reactions to objects and situations, that have biological significance, such as those that warn of pain, or signify the presence of food, water, salt, potential mates or rivals, or infants in need of care. Research on humans and animals have shown that single neurons of the amygdala become active when emotionally relevant stimuli are presented. Several examples, ...

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Psychology Essays - Abnormal Psychology

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,447 Words)

Abnormal Psychology Task1. The psychodynamic explanation for phobias assumes that abnormal behaviour such as phobias is the product of some form of inner conflict. The psychodynamic perspective regards the abnormal behaviour as the symptom – not the cause of the problem. Behaviour is considered to be only the expression of the problem, not the problem itself, therefore the psychodynamic approach believes that addressing the phobic behaviour without ...

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Critique of Person Centred Approach and Psychoanalytical theory

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,308 Words)

This essay aims to outline, examine and critique two prominent theoretical approaches to counselling, namely the Person-Centred (or Client-Centred) approach inspired by the work of Karl Rogers, and Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytical theory. The two theories contrast starkly in their approaches to both meeting the needs of the patient and inspiring positive change in their behaviour and outlooks, however, both possess their potential strengths and weaknesses when put ...

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Reflection and Self-Assessment

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,232 Words)

I chose to do Motivational Interviewing (MI) on my client who has been referred to me because of driving under the influence of alcohol. A randomised control trial found out that drink driving offenders that received MI had lower rates of drink driving in the future as compared to those that received other counselling approaches (Stein et al., 2006). MI is "a client-centred directive method for enhancing ...

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General trends in motor skills development

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,148 Words)

Motor skills can be defined as become skilled at a series of movements that joined will create an efficient action in order to have a control of a particular task. One of the pioneer in the field of of child development and fathers on developmental milestones is Arnold Gesell (1880-1961). Gesell was one of the first professionals to put into practice a quantity study of human development ...

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Genes load the gun, but the environment pulls the trigger

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (4,850 Words)

Eating disorders are a psychological phenomenon that both clinicians and the media have focused intensively on for decades. There has been a recent "boom" in research to investigate the background causes and development behind them. Recent research has begun to inform our understanding of eating disorders so that traditional stereotypes are increasingly redundant. Young, white, affluent teenage girls used to be considered the primary group at risk ...

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Counseling Couples And Families Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,005 Words)

This paper examines the approach towards the counselling of families and the technique behind cognitive behavioural therapy, within the context of psychology. The paper provides a brief introduction to family counselling methods and approaches and particular focus on cognitive behavioural therapy. The paper is structured into two main parts: Part 1 deals with the method, technique and application of cognitive behavioural therapy whereas Part 2 deals with ...

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comparisons between eastern and western cultures

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,237 Words)

first of all, the goals of social psychology in the self-concept domain mainly focused on divergent patterns between different self-construal. Several studies were constructed on the assumption that individuals identify themselves according to whether within social concepts or not; accounting for personal, relational or collective-selves (brewer & gardner, 1996). According to brewer and gardner (1996), personal self construal refers to uniqueness, autonomous and individual attempts. This group ...

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The Application Of Qualitative Research

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,123 Words)

Qualitative research is involves using various methods ranging from participant observation, interviews, and action research, to ethnography, document review and grounded theory in order to investigate and explain phenomena of predominantly human sciences. However, qualitative research can also be found in various other disciplines, subject to suitable methodologies. A general shift in orientation of Information Systems (IS) has resulted in an elevated focus on organizational and managerial ...

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Emotional Labour and Employees in a Face-to-Face Service Environment

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

20 Pages (7,967 Words)

ABSTRACT In many organizations there is an increase in the requirement to carry on emotional labour. Hochschild (1983) argues that these emotional demands have negative effects physically and psychologically. Management evaluations in the Bahamas focus on job satisfaction and not encompassing the employees' psychological well being. This study measured emotional labour under the parameters of surface acting, deep acting and burnout via socio-demographics with the method of ...

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Lack Of Group Cohesiveness Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

20 Pages (7,772 Words)

Teams and groups have a great impact on the behavior of employees. Good working and interactions with peers, subordinates, and superiors and crucial aspects of organizational life, helping employees achieve personal and organizational goals. When relationships are poor, they can become sources of stress. Moreover, incivility at work and elsewhere has become a major problem. Incivility implies rudeness and disregard of others. It includes the violation of ...

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The link between depression and criminal behavior

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,530 Words)

Depression is a wide-reaching condition that affects millions of Americans who experience it in a few different archetypes, but each can be crippling. Bipolar disorder, a severe type of depression, has been connected to criminal behavior when one considers prison-population statistics and the percentage of manic depressives who commit crimes. Factors such as substance abuse, environment, and gender unpack the criminal side of depression and lead to ...

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Epistemological Assumptions And Issues In Research Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,238 Words)

This paper the researcher constructs the epistemological issues which normally arise when any research methodology is applied in practice rather than the conventional approach. Normally the epistemological position deduce from what the researcher already know about the philosophical underpinnings of the situated systems approach, the researcher is taking the path of using an empirical study of the epistemology in use throughout a comparative application of the methodologies. ...

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Case study: Episodic Memory

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,852 Words)

Unlike other living beings we humans have the unique ability of recalling the past. We are able to recall a past event and all the emotions associated with the same while in a totally different situation or a different place(eg: first day in college or day you got the best student award etc.). In short we can travel back to the past in our minds. This kind ...

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The link between anorexia and depression

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (921 Words)

Anorexia is an eating disorder where people starve themselves. Anorexia usually begins in young people around the onset of puberty. Individuals suffering from anorexia have extreme weight loss. Weight loss is usually 15% below the person's normal body weight. People suffering from anorexia are very skinny but are convinced that they are overweight. Weight loss is obtained by many ways. Some of the common techniques used are ...

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Negative Health Behavior

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,218 Words)

The negative health behavior that I am going to discuss is about the habit of eating excessive amount of unhealthy junk food that is high in calories, sugar, fats and salt contents. This is because it is convenient and available everywhere, stomach filling and cheap. That is why the health problem that is concerned by society as it may lead to many different impacts on health, for ...

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School Counselors in the Role of Reducing Bullying

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,585 Words)

School counselors continue to be leaders in developing classroom guidance lessons that identify ways to recognize types of bullying and strategies to reduce bullying in schools. This paper will define bullying, the history of bulling, and discuss the five types of bullying that school counselor's encounter daily. The impact of youth bullying will also be presented. I will then discuss the myths surrounding bullying, emphasize the counselors ...

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Relationship Between Job Stress And Job Performance Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,207 Words)

This chapter will provide an overview of literature of past research and a conceptual model in relationship with and defining the research problem stated in chapter one. In this chapter an introduction shall be given to the dependent variables of Job Performance and the independent variables Job Stress and Demographic. The conceptual model illustrating the relationship between Job Stress and Job Performance will be explored and thereafter ...

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Case study Human Social Behavior

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,602 Words)

Introduction- This article is about the human behavior and the various factors which affects the human behavior. One of the factors that have a great impact on the behavior of human is the social environment and here all types of sociological effects are discussed. Various individual environmental factors and their impact on behavior are also discussed here. Inheritances also affects the human behavior and in this article ...

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Research approaches qualitative and quantitative

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,353 Words)

This essay discusses two common research approaches, qualitative and quantitative, along with the various research designs largely used when conducting research within the framework of each approach. As we can say that quantitative research is the process of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and writing the results of a study, while qualitative research is the approach to data collection, analysis, and report writing differing from the traditional, quantitative approaches. ...

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Schizophrenia And Uncontrolled Anger Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,316 Words)

As part of my mental health clinical rotation to Karwan-e -Hayaat, I came across with a patient who was migrated from Afghanistan, diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder since 28 years and had multiple relapses in these years. The major reason for his current admission at the hospital was his uncontrolled anger. He had fought with everyone around his neighborhood. While reviewing the patient's file, I ...

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Child directed speech and infants language development

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,301 Words)

Language is the standard by which higher intellectual processes are revealed. It is important means of social communication and is one of the exceptional systems of habits which distinguish man from the animals. Differences in language account for many of the distinct contrasts between peoples, and to its deficiency may be attributed the differences between intellectual development. As preverbal infant it is important for caregivers to know ...

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An Introduction To Sleep Disorders And Somnambulism Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,993 Words)

Sleep disorder can be defined as sleep difficulty or disruption of sleep. Sleep disorder that have reached a very serious level can cause emotionally or psychologically disturbance to that person. Furthermore, sleep disorder can even cause murder for such as sleepwalking murder. Examples of common sleep disorders are insomnia, sleepwalking (somnambulism), and teeth grinding (bruxism) and so on. Basically, sleep disorder can be divided into four types: ...

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Assignment regarding the systematic observation schedule

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,908 Words)

A systematic observation schedule was developed in order to examine boys' and girls' attention in class and the extent and type of academic interactions with teachers and other pupils. Specifically, a five minute section of a video tape showing a seven year old in a primary school was observed in order to find out whether boys are less attentive and more disruptive. A review of the existing ...

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An Explanation Of Hallucinations Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,516 Words)

According to the DSM-IV, hallucinations can be described as a sensory perception that has the compelling sense of reality of a true perception but occurs without external stimulation of the relevant sensory organ (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, p. 767). It is often thought that hallucinations occur amongst patients with a mental illness or those who are experiencing high levels of stress (Kaufman et al., 1997), drug abuse ...

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Gestalt theory

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

2 Pages (645 Words)

Gestalt theory is based on the idea that the human brain is holistic and it perceives objects as whole systems rather than the sum of its parts. Discuss and analyze the significance of the contributions of Gestalt theory to human perception and cognition. Give 3 examples. As I was reading and researching for this discussion I began to apply these principles of Gestalt perception theories and Gestalt ...

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How shift work impacts the health of employees

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,742 Words)

(Johnson 1999). Shift work is defined as the system where the people work on the regular bases based on shifts, these shifts are divided into three blocks they are morning shift, afternoon shift and night shifts. Work shift show complications in the schedule of family life's activities, and negative health effects. (Halpern,2005; Levin-Epstein, 2006; Rosa and Colligan, 1997; Coasta, 2003). Shift workers are defined as anything other ...

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Preference for solitary play

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,698 Words)

Introduction The purpose of the current study was to determine whether children exhibited a preference for solitary play, same gendered play, or opposite gendered play. The hypothesis was that both males and females would spend more time in gender-segregated play than engaging with opposite-gendered peers or in non-interactive play. Play is a vital contributor to the cognitive, emotional, and social development of children (Chea, Nelson, & Ruben, ...

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The Colors Of Our Lives Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,366 Words)

Everything around us is an array of color, from the ground we walk on to the sky above, the world we see is anything but black and white. Some people prefer to wear black clothes while others enjoy bright patterns and abstract design. Red automatically makes us yield cautiously, where as green lets us know that it is ok to go. But, could the colors you see ...

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Pedophiles Definition Characteristics Treatment Law Enforcement Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,565 Words)

This paper explores all aspects of Pedophiles. It provides the definition for pedophiles in the past, and provides the present day definition for pedophiles. The paper describes the characteristics they possess and how you can identify them. Pedophilia is a topic that is not touched on enough which is why the recidivism rates are so high and most are not aware when it is occurring or who ...

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A Background on Emotional Intelligence and IQ

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,950 Words)

For many years lots of emphasis has been put on certain aspects of intelligence such as spatial skills, math skills, logical reasoning, verbal skills understanding analogies etc. Researchers were complicated by the fact that while IQ was able to predict academic performance to a significant degree and, in some way, personal and professional success, there was still something missing in the equation. Some of those people that ...

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Art Therapy And Trauma Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,720 Words)

Art therapy is a kind of psychotherapy that use arts their main technique of communications in order to improve the emotional and mental well being of the patients. It combines the areas of human developments, visual art such as drawing, sculpture, painting and other kinds of art and the artistic process with counselling and psychotherapy. Apart from mental illness such as anxiety, depression, phobia and trauma, they ...

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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Quantitative Research Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,509 Words)

Chapter 3. Research Methodology This chapter aims to describe the research methodology used in this study. The discussion initially focuses on some of the academic aspects relevant to research and its types, whereas, subsequently, pertinent research methodology used in this study will be discussed in detail. 3.1 Meanings of Research and Types of Research Methodologies Research can be defined as "the process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data ...

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Effectiveness Between Visual Learning And Auditory Learning

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (5,160 Words)

This experiment was performed to compare the effectiveness between visual learning and auditory learning on short-term memory. Forty subjects were required to read a passage while another forty subjects were asked to listen to a recording of the same passage. After a three-minute filler task, the subjects were required to answer a set of ten questions relating to the passage. Most subjects had higher score for visual ...

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The Relationship Between Memory And Sleep Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,451 Words)

Sleep, learning, and memory are complex phenomena that are not entirely understood. However, human studies suggest that the quantity and quality of sleep have a profound impact on learning and memory. Research suggests that sleep helps learning and memory in two distinct ways (Peigneux, Laureys, Delbeuck, Maquet,& 2001; Born,& Wilhelm, 2012; Ellenbogen, Payne,& Stickgold, 2006). First, a sleep-deprived person cannot focus attention optimally and therefore cannot learn ...

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Apology and the components that increase forgiveness

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,782 Words)

Conflict is a universal social phenomenon that surpasses people, cultures, and background (De Dreu & Gelfand, 2009). While conflict is inevitable, the question of how we manage the conflict can create serious consequences. In a world of "global opportunities and global threats", consequences are on a large scale. From war to peace, it all starts with conflict. One of the most undervalued ways to manage conflict is ...

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ESP Study using Zener cards

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (945 Words)

Designing an ESP Study using Zener cards 1. Introduction: 1a. The hypothesis being addressed here is that real psychics have special clairvoyant powers that non-psychics do not possess. 1b. In John Thomas's fact sheet, he provides that Joseph Rhine conducted ESP experiments and found evidence-supporting ESP but other psychologists were unable to repeat similar results. Another experiment provided in John Thomas's fact sheet was about the research ...

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Personality And Employee Behaviour

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,439 Words)

The author through this essay would be elaborating on the relationship between the personality of an individual with that of the various factors which determine the employee behaviour in an organizational setting. For this purpose the essay first talks about both organizational behaviour and personality in brief and moves onto discussing the various theories relating to personality (Big Five Factor Model and Myers Briggers Type Indicator) along ...

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Positive psychology and the humanistic approach of psychology

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,884 Words)

Positive psychology is an expression that was utilized within the humanistic approach of psychology by Maslow in 1968 (Boeree, 2006). Unfortunately, humanistic psychology was not accompanied by a solid empirical base and has given rise to an immense amount of doubtful and unworthy movements in self-reliability (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000). However, since the 1990's positive psychology has gained new momentum. Although ignored for such a long time, ...

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Fixed and random effects of panel data analysis

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

14 Pages (5,461 Words)

Panel data (also known as longitudinal or cross-sectional time-series data) is a dataset in which the behavior of entities are observed across time. With panel data you can include variables at different levels of analysis (i.e. students, schools, districts, states) suitable for multilevel or hierarchical modeling. In this document we focus on two techniques use to analyze panel data:_DONE_ Fixed effects Random effects FE explore the relationship ...

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The relationship between self-esteem, depression and anger

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,149 Words)

Many researchers like Kaplan, (1982); Rosenberg et al., (1989); Ross & Broh, (2000) cited that, the level of self-esteem is widely recognized as a central aspect of psychological functioning and well-being and is strongly related to many other variables. White (2002) stated that "If a problem is not biological in origin, then it will almost always be traceable to poor self-esteem". In fact, many psychotherapists have noted ...

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The Effect Of Semantic Category Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (4,914 Words)

Tuving, suggested that in order to attain good memory banks, one way of retrieving information is to organize words that have a relationship with one another. For example, clustering words together in one category could help achieve better recall, rather than words that are randomly mixed. Clustering could help re-organize memory, therefore, attaining information more effectively. The aim of this study was to replicate Cofer, Bruce, and ...

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Development of personality from adolescence to adulthood

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,162 Words)

There has been considerable research as to whether personality is static or developed. The idea of personality presupposes individual differences in tendency to behave, think, and feel in certain consistent ways. Fraley and Roberts (2005) found that personality traits were indisputably consistent across time and age. On the other hand, the perspective adopted by the contemporary personality and development research was that personality traits were organizational constructs ...

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Paternal And Maternal Parenting Styles Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

14 Pages (5,501 Words)

Research has documented that quality of parenting is related to the well-being of the children. Past research tended to focus more on maternal parenting and its impact on their children outcomes. In recent years, paternal parenting styles have become a popular interest of study among scholars (Jacobs & Kelley, 2006; Schwartz & Finley, 2006; Shears & Robinson, 2005). Researchers are interested to investigate more in-depth regarding parenting ...

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Critically evaluate two theories of aggression

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,048 Words)

There are three types of aggression. Hostile aggression is to do something aggressive and get some sort of satisfaction from it, such as, planning someone's murder or robbing a bank. You get some sort of emotional reward from it. Instrumental aggression is basically to act in an aggressive way but without aiming to hurt the target, such as, fighting for survival in a war. Relational aggression is ...

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Case study: Mental Retardation

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,017 Words)

Introduction When you go out from your house today, try to observe the people around our environment, and we will found that not everyone cans physically function like us or at normal level. For instance, there are individual who blind, deaf are, and also who are not able to speak or move around. Generally, people refer them as physically disabled, so we will see this group of ...

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Behavioral Modification For Punctuality Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,473 Words)

Literature pertaining to behavioral modification of late-coming behavior is scare. As such, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of implementing punishment to curb persistent late-coming behavior. The current research on behavioral modification indicates that punishment of target behavior and reinforcement of alternative behavior increases efficacy of behavioral modification. Therefore, it was hypothesized that concurrent application of punishment on late-coming behavior with reinforcement on ...

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Autism and Animals

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,430 Words)

"There is no cure," devastating words for any parent. Now add "it's your fault" and any parent would be shocked, hurt and even desperate. For many parents, especially mothers, that was the message for more than 30 years (Bettelheim PAGE #). Told they were cold and had failed to bond with their children, many mothers had nowhere to turn. In the early days of autism there were ...

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Cognitive behavioral therapy in treating aggressive behavior disorder

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,013 Words)

This paper will briefly look at the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of a social suborder known as aggressive behaviour disorder. The findings of American Psychiatric Association Journal, 2000 will be discussed and more background information will be derived from the books by American Psychiatric Association Journal (2000) and it will shed light on the use of CBT in effective management of aggressive ...

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The Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

20 Pages (7,654 Words)

Tobacco, according to World Health Organization (WHO), is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. Several reports conclude that cigarette smoking is the massive avoidable cause of premature death and disability worldwide (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2004; Hatsukami et al., 2008). In Malaysia, the prevalence of smoking is moderately high and the NHMS III reported the overall smoking rate ...

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study of catalase and human amylase

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,947 Words)

An enzyme is a catalyst that speeds up the rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy. Each enzyme works better under optimal conditions, which favor the most active shape for the enzyme molecule. Enzyme and substrate concentration, temperature, and pH are environmental factors important by producing the most reaction rate. Also, the different of factors are used to examine the effects of catalase and human amylase. ...

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Occupational Stress A Global Phenomenon Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,718 Words)

Occupational stress is becoming increasingly a global phenomenon, affecting all categories of labor throughout the world. It has an enormous effect on the organizational behavior in a company. One side of the problem is that stress on the work place threatens workers to suffer mental or physical health problems, but another is that it can affect the bottom line of a business. Productivity can be largely affected ...

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Functions Of The Parts Of The Human Brain Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,918 Words)

The brain forms part of the central nervous system together with the spinal cord. The body's nervous system is the center for communication and decision making. The nervous system is composed of the central and the peripheral nervous system, and the peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves in turn. The nervous system as a whole is in charge of every part of a human being's ...

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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder And Effect Of Memory Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,237 Words)

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a type of anxiety disorder that is brought on witnessing or experiencing a traumatic life threatening event. The disorder is not limited to a specific age group and does include childhood. Stressors involved in producing the disorder include natural, accidental or deliberately caused disasters. (DSM-III-R, 1987) Symptoms of this disorder often occur immediately or very soon after the traumatic event. Symptoms of ...

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Cognitive Psychology And Behaviorism Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (870 Words)

Human psychology has always been rather sophisticated and many-sided subject for research. Cognition, as one of the vitally important psychological phenomena, is thoroughly studied nowadays. In this paper we are going to study briefly the notion of cognition, the cognitive psychology branch, its history and researches, along with relation to behaviorism. Cognition is generally agreed to include all the processes, "by which the sensory input is transformed, ...

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Case study: Mood-congruent memory

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,028 Words)

Mood-congruent memory refers to the tendency for individuals to attend to and learn more about those events which match their emotional state. This study aimed to extend inconsistent previous findings, regarding the mood congruence effect on non depressed individuals; in their natural mood settings using a mixed design. In this study 73 university students were asked to rate their current mood before going on to take part ...

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