Does attitude determine our behavior?

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

4 (1,347 )

Social psychologists have been asking this question repeatedly how attitudes form. This essay will discuss how we form attitudes; also do attitudes determine our behavior. We form attitudes from mainly our own personal experiences including influences from other people. Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) Oscamp (1977) agreed with the idea about how direct experience, form our attitudes i.e. if you had a traumatic time at the dentist. Then ...

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A critical review of replicating Milgrim

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

7 (2,540 )

With the present day's strict ethical guidelines and rules in psychology, it would appear almost impossible that one of the most valuable experiments ever carried out in social psychology would be approved to be replicated. Reason being the amount of deception used and the emotional stress inflicted on participants. Nonetheless, one of Stanley Milgrim's (1974) most famous experiments on obedience to authority has been replicated by Jerry ...

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Study Of Darley And Batson

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

5 (1,695 )

Darley and Batson (1973) conducted a study of situational and dispositional variables in helping behaviour. Based on the study, we rejected two hypotheses and accepted one of the hypotheses. The subsequent sections cover the result, explanation on why the particular hypotheses is rejected or accepted, limitation of the study, extraneous variables and conclusion. Result The dependent variable is helping behaviour and the independent variables are time (hurry ...

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Case Study of Eyewitness Testimony

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

8 (2,861 )

Memory is not reliable; memory can be altered and adjusted. Memory is stored in the brain just like files stored in a cabinet, you store it, save it and then later on retrieve and sometimes even alter and return it. In doing so that changes the original data that was first stored. Over time memory fades and becomes distorted, trauma and other events in life can cause ...

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Emotions And Organizational Behavior

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

6 (2,247 )

1. A mental state that arises spontaneously rather than through conscious effort and is often accompanied by physiological changes; a feeling: the emotions of joy, sorrow, reverence, hate, and love. 2. A state of mental agitation or disturbance: spoke unsteadily in a voice that betrayed his emotion. See Synonyms at feeling. 3. The part of the consciousness that involves feeling; sensibility: "The very essence of literature is ...

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Repressed And Recovered Memories Of Childhood Abuse

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

4 (1,361 )

Abuse can come in many forms including physical, mental, emotional, financial, neglect, sexual, and exploitation. For the purpose of this paper, the focus will be on abuse experienced during childhood and how the memories of this abuse are recalled. Studies exist that question the validity of memories that have been repressed and then recovered regarding whether the recalled memories are true memories or false memories suggested through ...

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The Emotional Impact of Infertility and Assisted Reproduction

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

6 (2,007 )

1. Introduction It is assumed by the majority of young people that they will conceive later in life and have their own family. Unfortunately, a significant proportion will have difficulty in reproducing and will need to seek help. Infertility is the inability to conceive after regular unprotected intercourse for a minimum of 12 months (NICE guidelines) and affects approximately 80 million people worldwide (WHO 2002). It is ...

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Investigation on the career construction theory

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

3 (1,112 )

Robert Sharf (2010) states that a "career is a construction that an individual makes…the construction of one's career changes throughout life and is constantly developing" (p. 327). Based on this quote, one can infer that an individual makes a career rather than a career creating an individual. The purpose of this paper is to explore the three dimensions of Mark Savickas career construction theory and how it ...

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How Do Others Influence Our Behaviour?

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

5 (1,664 )

Social facilitation is one way an individuals behaviour can be influenced and is simply the belief that the presence of other people will influence performance on a specific task. In other words "performance is facilitated and learning is impaired by the presence of spectators" (Zajonc, 1965). Triplett in 1898 conducted a study to investigate the dynamogenic factors he had previously observed in cyclists better performance in race ...

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John Bowlby's Attachment Theory

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

8 (3,029 )

Attachment has been defined as an affectionate bond between two people that endures through time and space and serves to join them emotionally (Klaus & Kennell, 1976). The concept of attachment theory was initially formulated by psychiatrist John Bowlby, and became more widely known following a report to the World Health Organisation (Bowlby, 1951) in which Bowlby stated: What is believed to be essential for mental health ...

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Statement of problem and conceptual framework

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

12 (4,694 )

This chapter includes some of the parts which may lead to more understanding toward the topic will presented. The parts include statement of problem, conceptual framework, purpose of the study, significance of study, research questions and hypothesis, and terminology definitions. There are many issues arising among adolescents and this may due to the transitional development or the influences of environment. There is a lot of explanation towards ...

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Human Development Environment

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

7 (2,553 )

Human Development Environment Human Development or as it is more commonly known ‘Developmental Psychology’ is the scientific study of the progressive psychological development that occurs in human beings as they mature. Four central themes dominate developmental psychology. The first is whether children are qualitatively different from adults or simply lack the experience that adults draw upon. The second concerns whether development occurs through the gradual accumulation of ...

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The Art of Cosplay

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

3 (950 )

Imagine one day you're strolling down the street in a hustling, bustling big city like Atlanta. You round the corner of the sidewalk when you brush into somebody. As you stare in slight confusion, a variety of color, elaborate designs, and accessories on the other person's body alarms you. Quickly, you take out your cell phone and check the date. Could it be Halloween? You're even more ...

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Evaluation Of The Psychodynamic Approach

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

4 (1,578 )

Psychoanalysis is the study of the forces that produce human behaviour through various parts of the psyche. It considers that mental forces are split into two portions that affect behavior and mental states; the motivational and emotional forces and the inner unconscious forces (Atkinson, 1990). It asserts that the personality has a finite psychic energy supply that must be distributed amongst the id,ego and superego. It also ...

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Assertiveness Communication Situations

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

4 (1,260 )

2/4 Assertiveness Essay Assertiveness is a unique tool for any manager's toolbox or for anyone who can apply it in their daily lives. Assertiveness allows one to express true feelings or emotions and personal rights, as well as the rights of others. Assertiveness is for the most part is straight forward, honest and identifies personal needs to another person. There are people that have a knack for ...

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Psychoanalytical Approach: The Lovely Bones And Lady Oracle

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

6 (2,120 )

What if tomorrow never comes? Death is a part of life that no one can avoid. Some people fear death, others think nothing of it. Death is the new beginning. Since it is seen as the end, it gives a completely new meaning towards life. If people are immortal life has less value for them as time is always on their side. Time is no longer precious ...

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Case study: Adolescent Issues and Interventions

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

3 (1,120 )

The purpose of this paper is to discuss eating disorders in adolescents and proposed interventions used to treat the disorders. This paper will examine five articles focusing on the study of eating disorders in male and female adolescents. Eating disorders such as compulsive overeating, binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa can cause dramatic weight fluctuation and may interfere with their daily activities. Studies have shown ...

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The Positive Reinforcement Application

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

9 (3,582 )

This current paper mainly focused on the application of positive reinforcement in educational, clinical and community settings by reviewing previous studies on related fields. In educational setting, a three-year schoolwide positive behaviour supports (PBS) was introduced to 438,500 students from Chicago Public Schools in the United States using AB design that involved both qualitative and quantitative data to increase the positive behaviors at school. The results indicated ...

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Hollands Theory of Types applied to case study

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

5 (1,738 )

Similar to Parsons, John Holland believed there is a relationship between the individual and their career. He believed this relationship to be central to the idea of person-work fit criteria, and affected how an individual saw their world. As stated by (Sharf, 2009, p129-130), John Holland wrote five books explaining this relationship, and from his research he developed two psychological inventories which form the basis his of ...

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Effects of video game addiction

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

4 (1,593 )

Addiction is a broad term and the only way to beat it is to learn what causes it. More males are more likely to get addicted to video games. This is due to masculinity and aggressive tendencies as well as frequent lack of self-control. Some of the effects analyzed in this text are not from experience, but assumption gathered from scientific and other related research. Some call ...

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Maladaptive Behaviour In Substance Abuse Families

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

5 (1,901 )

An estimated 7.5 crore Indians are drug addicts and the number is going up significantly, spreading to semi-urban and backward areas, according to official figures. Considering the significant prevalence of substance abuse in India, there naturally arises a question as to its effects not only on the immediate user, but on the family as well. However, study of maladaptive behavior has been restricted to western families dealing ...

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Psychological disorders: Schizophrenia

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

4 (1,267 )

Schizophrenia is one of the chronic psychological disorders affecting approximately one percent of the American population. Statistics show that it affects men one and a half times more than women. It is characterized by symptoms of thought, and behavioral problems. People who suffer this disease do not sometimes make sense when they are talking and may be delusional and sometimes experience hallucinations. The psychological disorder affect families ...

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Exploration Of Structural Family Therapy

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

8 (2,940 )

Structural Family Therapy is a therapeutic approach that recognizes that families possess many strengths and it attempts to move family's beyond dysfunctional patterns of interactions. Structural Family Therapy method was developed by Salvador Minuchin in the 1960's and is the leading model in family therapy and is one of the most widely used models for family therapy (Powell & Dosser,1992). Its focus is on family structure; subsystems; ...

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Interviewing an Adolescent: Developmental Issues

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

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Adolescence is a stage of development in human growth between childhood and adulthood it extends mainly over the teenage period and comes to an end legally when majority age is reached. It is characterized by the drastic physical changes that are occurring in their bodies. The dramatic and sudden physical changes they are experiencing naturally makes the stage to be full of self-consciousness, curiosity, and self concern ...

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A study of self esteem of college students

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

10 (3,792 )

Self-esteem is one of the strongest research topic in psychology. It has been studied by researchers in relation to many different variables such as violence, drug abuse, bullying, relationships and academic achievement (Jonsson, 2006). In addition, research had documented the important role of high self-esteem plays in academic achievement, social and personal responsibility (Naderi, Abdullah, Aizan, Sharir & Kumar, 2009). Subsequently, educators, parents, business and government leaders ...

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Behaviorism. Neo Behaviorism and Gestalt Psychology

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

6 (2,005 )

John B. Watson (1878 - 1958) was known as the father of behaviorism. Watson did not believe that the definition of psychology was the science of the mind. He believed that psychology should be viewed as a "purely objective experimental branch of natural science" and that the goal of the psychologist is not to understand the mind but to understand behavior. (Wozniak, 1997) Watson's studied behavioristic psychology ...

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Teaching multiple meaning words with jokes

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

8 (2,846 )

A cornerstone of language comprehension is the ability to develop and retrieve interpretation of word meanings that are consistent within the context in which they are encountered (Fisher, Kaplan, & Rogness, 2010) (Chabeli, 2008). For a child who presents with language impairment this process becomes particularly difficult when faced with specialized language containing words that are lexically ambiguous and thus are comprised of multiple meanings. According to ...

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Shock Advertising: Effects On Students

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

15 (5,623 )

Consumers can be exposed to over 3000 advertisements per day (Lasn,1999). So marketers constantly look for a way to be recognised ahead of their competitors and break through the clutter (dahl et al 2003) One of the ways in which marketers do this is through shock advertising. A technique that has caused some controversy in recent years. Dahl 2003 states 'Shock messages are used in a bid ...

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A study on internet addiction disorder

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

8 (2,869 )

Internet has become a popular topic for study among psychologists and researchers. Since internet has insinuated itself in our personal lives so various areas of functioning and adjustment are dominated by its use. We have noted earlier that frequent users of internet are college students whose lives are wrapped around internet often in an unhealthy way. Various studies had attempted to unravel the mysterious transformation of healthy, ...

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Personal Behaviour Project: Academic Procrastination

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

9 (3,233 )

Academic procrastination was the behaviour to be modified. The principal investigator observed that during the last few trimesters, James displayed signs of procrastination in his studies. The investigator noted that poor time management and the reluctance to start was the crux of the maladaptive behaviour. Thus, these few constructs were being selected to be modified in this behaviour modification project. The investigator observed that such procrastination usually ...

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How bilingualism can effect cognitive functions

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

6 (2,176 )

The aim of this essay is to introduce some issues about bilingualism. We will try to examine some areas of bilingualism, concerning cognitive aspects. People use the term "bilingualism" in different ways. For some, it means an equal ability to communicate in two languages. For others, it simply means the ability to communicate in two languages, but with greater skills in one language. In fact, it is ...

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Eyewitness accuracy, reliability and credibility

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

8 (3,177 )

The testimonies (EWTs) of children is the focus of many heated debates. There are many issues concerning child EWT: children may be more affected by the interviewer and the techniques used to acquire the testimony and developmental differences between children from different age groups may affect their ability to resist suggestibility (Goodman, 2006) and thus, their statements may be deemed less reliable by jurors. However, if children ...

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Psychoanalytic, Jungian And Individual Psychology Theories

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

3 (1,080 )

The Psychoanalytic Theory founded by Sigmund Freud, The Jungian Theory developed by Carl Jung , and The individual psychology Theory established by Alfred Adler were all founded by three very important influential minds of Psychology. Freud believed the mind had three levels the unconscious, the preconscious and the conscious. In addition, Psychoanalytic theories focus on the unconscious mind, which contains introverted sexual feelings and unwanted thoughts, events ...

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Gender Schema Theory And Stereotyping

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

8 (3,044 )

My internal assessment experiment is based on gender schema theory which is closely related to stereotyping. Why is it inappropriate for boys to cry and be weak and why do girls wear pink and play with dolls? These inevitable claims are unconsciously present in everyday life where the society around us implies our roles as either a female or male. Thus, our aim was to find out ...

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Research on musics effect on memory

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

4 (1,233 )

"Memory is a mental system that receives, stores, organized, alters and recovers information for sensory input" (Kirkweg, 2009). Music has many effects on memory, but what are the effects. People listen to music on a daily basis but never really know what music does for their memory or don't really care. I care about music and think that everyone should. This concept is important to study from ...

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Definition Of Social Support

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

6 (2,295 )

This chapter provides a review of previous and current finding on social support definition, social support in education, decision-making definition, factors influence decision-making. Subsequently, this chapter will discuss conceptual framework which become the basis of the research. DEFINITION OF SOCIAL SUPPORT There are many definitions of social support that can be found in the literature. In early studies, social support definedas interpersonal relationship of person that might ...

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The Role of Unconsciousness in Psychology

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

4 (1,443 )

The idea of unconscious plays a central role in psychology. According to Freud, the unconscious continues to influence our behavior and experience even though we might be unaware of these influences. The psychoanalytical theory came about after the break between Freud and Carl Yung. Among the ideas and studies I will be reviewing the works of Sigmund Freud (The conscious and the unconscious mind) and the comparison ...

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Research on the sixteen personality factor questionnaire

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

5 (1,939 )

The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) is a measure of normal personality, based on R. B. Cattell's factor-analytic theory of personality (Cattell, 1933, 1946). Since the original 16PF Questionnaire was published in 1949, it has been revised four times, in 1956, 1962, and 1968 and the latest fifth edition in 1993. Description of Test - 217 The 16PF Fifth Edition Questionnaire contains 185 multiple-choice items. The questionnaire ...

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Application Of Psychological Theories To Social Care

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

9 (3,371 )

In this assignment it will give a summary of Bandura's Social Learning Theory posits that people learn from one. The assignment will discuss the bridge between behaviourist and cognitive learning theories. The assignment will explain and determine the cause of an event or behaviour and why people do what they do in terms of their behaviour, it will also give examples in order to brake the psychology ...

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Attitude Formation Affect And Cognition

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

5 (1,904 )

Attitude as a concept has played a central role in social psychology for decades. Earlier definitions of what an attitude is still hold weighting in contemporary society. For example, Thurstone (1931, p. 261) defined an attitude as "the affect for or against a psychological object." Decades later, highly influential research defined attitudes similarly as "favourable or unfavourable dispositions toward social objects, such as people, places, and policies" ...

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Testing A Research Questionnaire

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

6 (2,108 )

In order to construct an appropriate research questionnaire, it is imperative to first have a clear understanding of the scope of the research project. It would be most beneficial to solidify these research goals in written form, and then focus the direction of the study to address the research questions. After developing the research questions, the researcher would further read the related literature regarding the research topic, ...

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Methods To Define And Modify Behaviour

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

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Psychology can be rightly defined as the study of behavior. As such, psychologists have developed ways to study and modify behavior. The most commonly used techniques in behavior modification are classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning/modeling. Psychologists also attach considerable significance to conditioning because it typically has predictable results. Classical Conditioning is social learning device used to create a connection between an artificial stimulus and a ...

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How useful is a labelling system?

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

5 (1,987 )

The British National Health Service (NHS), define the term mental health and claim it is about an individual's feelings, behaviour and thought. People who have and still experience mental health problems, personally or relatively, can make positive changes and improvements if tHow useful is a labelling system hey are provided with the right support and information. The NHS claims that one in four people in the UK ...

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Exercise alleviates depression

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

5 (1,736 )

To what extent does exercise alleviate depression? Depression is an important public health problem that is common amongst older adults, and is associated with a significant increased risk of mortality and morbidity. Despite the existence of effective treatments for depression, such as cognitive-behavioural therapy and antidepressant medication, many individuals still remain inadequately treated. There is increasing evidence that people who are physically active are less likely to ...

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How does self esteem develop in children?

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

6 (2,248 )

We can not touch it but it affects how we feel, we can not see it although it is there when we look ourselves in the mirror, we can not hear it, but it is there everytime we talk about ourselves. Of course I am talking about our self-esteem. Self-esteem is a psychological term to reflect a person's overall evaluation or appraisal of her or his own ...

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Personality Based On Their Clothing

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

6 (2,399 )

When forming first impressions of people, physical appearance will often play a very important role in making judgements about the other person's personality and characteristics. However, these judgements that are usually formed within the first few seconds may or may not be completely accurate. Alex Todorov (2006) tested 200 people and found that it only takes one hundred milliseconds for a potential employer, or a member of ...

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The History Of The Therapeutic Alliance

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

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The therapeutic alliance (TA) is a term used to describe the collaborative nature of the partnership between client and therapist. The alliance focuses on the preferences and goals of the client and outlines methods to achieve these goals. It is based on listening to the client without judgement and without giving unwarranted advice. A strong alliance between counsellor and client is one of the most important factors ...

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The Most Effective Interventions For Autism

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

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The term Autism spectrum disorder was defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) as "pervasive developmental disorders "(PDDs) referring to developmental disorders which share core and common characteristics such as impairments in social interaction. Given the fact that researchers include nowadays milder and atypical forms of PDDs, these are represented as a spectrum (Carr, LeBlanc, 2007). There are three PDDs ...

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Cognitive Dissonance And Theory Of Planned Behaviour

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

7 (2,571 )

Attitudes can change the world. This is exemplified by Barack Obama's "Yes we can!" presidential campaign. They are evaluations about people, objects, places and behaviours. Eagly and Chaiken (2007) defined 'attitude' as "a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favor or disfavor" (p.589). Also, "attitudes are likes and dislikes" (Bem, 1970, p.14). Much research has been carried out in ...

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Sales and recruiting managers dont have the time to read

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

9 (3,269 )

My experience over the past sixteen years suggests that sales and recruiting managers don't have the time to read all the background and support material needed to fully interpret and utilize the SPQ*GOLD Questionnaire to its full advantage. While many have expressed a desire to do this, they also explain that there are only so many hours in the day in which to get things done. Accordingly, ...

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Narco Analysis And Brain Mapping Tests

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

17 (6,748 )

The use of increasingly more sophisticated methods in the commission of crimes has necessitated the development of new technologies and tools to investigate them. Often the offender leaves behind no traces of physical evidence. Brain mapping technique seeks to address the problem of lack of availability of physical evidence to determine the complicity of a suspect. It belongs to the realm of cognitive psychophysiology and is based ...

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Competing psychological theories of human behaviour

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

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Although there are various stages of human development, for the purpose of this essay, we shall analyse the adult stage of behaviour. There are a number of comparisons and contrasts between the psychodynamic approach and the humanistic approach in psychology, to help understand human behaviour. To provide a significant contrast, this assignment analyses the two founding fathers of these approaches, Sigmund Freud for the psychodynamic approach and ...

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Cognitive behavioral therapy for schizophrenia

23 Mar 2015 20 Apr 2017

5 (1,652 )

Schizophrenia is a neuro-cognitive disorder or in simple terms be referred to as a mental illness. It usually strikes during early adulthood or late adolescent periods of one's life. However, the time of occurrence may vary and it is not necessary that it occurs in the above mentioned time periods of a person's life. Also, the symptoms of this disorder vary from one individual to another. The ...

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Stages In Personality Development

23 Mar 2015 20 Apr 2017

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Personality is a complex hypothetical construct that has been described in many ways. In daily life we may came across many people, It's the fact that we wonder why some people are quiet and passive while others are loud and aggressive. The word personality is best to describe it. Personality is set of qualities that distinguish an individual from other on manners, attitude, behavior and qualities that ...

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The Karate Kid: Bullying

23 Mar 2015 20 Apr 2017

5 (1,866 )

Bullying affects the life and development of children, especially adolescents, consistently because it affects their socialization, their self-esteem and self-perception. Often bullying becomes the major cause of serious psychological problems in children that can be deep-rooted in them and manifest themselves in the adult life. In addition, bullying may lead to the formation of negative models of behavior in children as they grow up, especially in relation ...

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Does Marrs theory provide an account of perception?

23 Mar 2015 20 Apr 2017

5 (1,661 )

The way animals, especially humans view, see and are aware of the world that surrounds them is called perception. Processes in visual perception have a great importance on how an object is perceived. Light from the perceived object hits the retina from where it gets converted into meaningful information. Different theorists proposed a number of theories that try to explain how visual perception takes place. Anything from ...

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The Features Of The Perception Process

23 Mar 2015 20 Apr 2017

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1.0 Introduction Perception in simple term is how people see things. The book defines perception as a process which a person takes to mean the sensory systems and how he or she gives meanings to the environment they belong. This report analyses the features of the perception process and illustrates the ways an individual's perception affect other people, group and organization. This analyses the theories and concepts ...

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Exorcism in religion and psychology

23 Mar 2015 20 Apr 2017

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Contrary to what may seem to be common sense, nowadays the beliefs in paranormal are still very prevalent in the society. Indeed, the revival of the interest and acceptance of such phenomena as poltergeists, ghosts, and devil took place in a quite secularized modern society dominated by the scientific thinking and medical worldview (Milner, 2000). However, it is not that surprising. It could be assumed that the ...

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Experienced Negative Life Events

23 Mar 2015 20 Apr 2017

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Proposition no. 6 which states that A person who experienced negative life events can still be able to attain mental wellbeing relates to axiom 2 Positive and negative life events affect mental wellbeing and axiom 3 (A mentally healthy person functions effectively thus feels happy and satisfied) since it implies that using appropriate coping and adaptation skills against the many negative life events, minor, major or extreme ...

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Measuring stress levels of staff

23 Mar 2015 20 Apr 2017

4 (1,592 )

There are several ways in which stress can be measured for example by self report, biochemical and physiological methods Self report methods Stressful life event scales - measures stress prospectively through the reported life change for example Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS). They examined 5000 patient records and made a list of 43 life events that seemed to precede illness. Nearly 400 participants were ...

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Theories of planned behavior: Smoking

23 Mar 2015 20 Apr 2017

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To examine if the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) predict smoking behavior, 35 data sets (N= 267,977) have been synthesized, containing 219 effect sizes between the model variables using a meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach (MASEM). Consistent with the TPB's predictions, 1) smoking behavior was related to smoking intentions (weighted mean r =.30), 2) intentions were based on attitudes (weighted mean r =.16) and subjective norms (weighted ...

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Some Views are More Colorful Than Others

03 Oct 2016 20 Apr 2017

5 (1,911 )

Some Views are More Colorful Than Others A child is born and it doesn’t take long for mom and/or dad to start pointing out different things in their child’s environment. Parents give a name and a color to most things their child views…ex.-look at the brown dog, let’s play with the red ball, and there’s a green frog. It is amazing how we are able to associate ...

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Sex Education Amongst Teenagers In Delhi

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

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Abstract Purpose - The purpose of the study is two-fold. First, it tries to investigate the affect of attitude teenagers posses towards sex and sex education on the level of sex awareness they have. Also, it tries to establish whether gender is a moderator of the relationship between teenagers attitude and sex awareness. Design/Methodology/Approach - A questionnaire was given to the students of schools and colleges in ...

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An Analysis Of The Mozart Effect

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

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In January, 1998, Governor Zell Miller proposed an interesting component for Georgia's state budget. He allocated 105,000 dollars of the state's 12.5 billion dollar budget to providing every infant born in the state with classical music. He stated, "No one questions that listening to music at a very early age affects the spatial, temporal reasoning that underlies math and engineering and even chess" (1). Governor Miller's belief ...

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The Functions Of The Hippocampus

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

4 (1,262 )

The Brain is a very complex structure in our body. The brain is made up of several different parts and each of those parts has different functions. Researchers are investigating the processes and the functions of the different structures of the brain. There is plenty of information that they have found to help us understand a little of the complexity of the human brain. One structure that ...

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Effects Of Classroom Lighting On Filipino College Students

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

8 (2,882 )

Several studies on the effects of lighting on students' academic performance had been done abroad on different social classes and ages of the subjects. These all had the objective of improving the learning process of students during their formative years at school. According to Bukky Akinsanmi, theories on how learning takes place include behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. The behaviorism theory, which was popularized by B.F. Skinner, supports ...

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Introduction To Development Psychology

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

4 (1,429 )

The following essay will Compare and contrast the information processing approach with the behaviourist approach to understanding childrens psychological development. Taking into account the historical development of Psychology. The essay will take into account how the two approaches differ and how the two theories were developed. Piaget's and Miller are theorist of cognitive Development and information processing perspectives, these theorist have had a deep impact on understanding ...

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Theories Pertaining To Aggression

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

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Aggression has been defined variously by different schools of thought. Behaviourists define it as any action that delivers noxious stimuli to another organism (Buss, 1961 cited in Shaffer, 1999). This definition considers accidental harmdoing as aggressive (Shaffer, 1999), and does not cater for aggressive acts that fail to deliver the intended effects to the victim. Yet an act perceived as aggression, such as slapping a person on ...

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Components Of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

13 (4,957 )

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) occurs in children, adolescents, and adults. OCD is an anxiety disorder characterized by uncontrollable, unwanted thoughts and repetitive, ritualized behaviors (American Psychiatric Association [DSM-IV-TR], 2000). The two main component of OCD are obsession and compulsion. Individuals with obsessions often attempt to ease the stress that the obsessions cause through compulsions (Shih, Belmonte, & Zandi, 2004). Types of OCD Obsessions Aggressive/ catastrophicReligiousSexualContaminationSomatic Compulsions HoardingCountingConfessing/ askingOrdering/arrangingWashing ...

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Urie Bronfenbrenner Ecological System Theory

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

5 (1,815 )

This paper will focus on the various human development theories and then try to connect them with public health issues. The public health concern that we have chosen for this paper is cigarette smoking. It is a big social problem and there is an urgent need of finding the root cause of the same. There is a growing need to find out ways in which one can ...

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Research on crowd behaviour

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

3 (1,091 )

On April 11 2001 Ellis Park Stadium in Johannesburg was filled beyond capacity as people rushed to purchase football match tickets. Police and security officials struggled to contain the crowd and a stampede occurred. The crush resulted in around 250 injuries and 43 deaths. (Mason, 2001) Crowd behaviour can be surprising when individuals join a group and behave in a manner which is out of character. This ...

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Development Of Emotional Resilience

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

9 (3,297 )

What is emotional resilience and how does this develop? What might the consequences be for someone who has this process disturbed? 'Emotional resilience' is not a unitary concept of the 'self' but integral to the multi-faceted, wider process of 'psychological resilience'; retaining homeostatic mental security in an eternally shifting, socially constructed world. Resilience develops through experiential maturation; a dynamic process of adaptation and resistance in the endeavour ...

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What Ways Does An Individual's Behaviour Change?

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

7 (2,685 )

This essay will explore whether an individuals behaviour truly changes when they are part of a group through the consideration of various perspectives, methods and underpinning epistemological assumptions and will take the viewpoint that an individual's behaviour does change when s/he is part of a group, however it is necessary to consider the context, such as societal and cultural factors and the importance of experience, interactions, social ...

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What effect does appearance have on bystander effects?

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

6 (2,356 )

Previous empirical studies have evaluated and confirmed that bystander effect or intervention does occur regularly and intentionally within participants. However, conclusive evidence has not been gathered to showing a direct link caused by appearance. This study evaluates the effects appearance and group size has on the phenomena of bystander effects. Eighty male participants aged 18 years - 30 years of age were recruited to experiment the outcomes ...

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Factors Affecting Employee Job Satisfaction

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

4 (1,579 )

This research was undertaken to measure the level of work satisfaction among the executives of Oster Knit private Ltd. This study mainly reviews around the view of workers regarding the job satisfaction. What employees think about the job satisfaction? This study is mainly concerning the level of job satisfaction and organisational commitment of the staff of the Oster knit Company .Employee's attitudes on factor of job satisfaction ...

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Review of hierarchical theories of intelligence

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

6 (2,267 )

The theories of cognitive abilities have been advanced through the conglomeration of two similar theories on the structure of human cognitive abilities which have provided a trend in intelligence theories. In particular, Cattell (1941) and Horn (1965) theoretical frameworks on unitary traits that reflects certain basic aspect of cognitive functioning (Fogerty & Stankov, 1988) along with the seminal work of Carroll's (1993) three - stratum theory that ...

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Animal Intelligence and Evolution of the Human Mind

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

6 (2,091 )

The human brain lacks conspicuous characteristics-such as relative or absolute size-that might account for humans' superior intellect. Researchers have found some clues to humanity's aptitude on a smaller scale, such as more neurons in our brain's outermost layer. Human intelligence may be best likened to an upgrade of the cognitive capacities of nonhuman primates rather than an exceptionally advanced form of cognition. Subtle refinements in brain architecture, ...

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Romantic Jealousy In Men And Women

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

6 (2,005 )

The nature of people is such that they always want to be in a relationship with a partner. However, as people find themselves "inside" the relationship, many questions arise. In the moment that we see our partner talking and being friendly to a person of the other sex we start to feel uncomfortable. Many questions come to our mind like: "Who is that person?", "What are they ...

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Pain Sensation: Nociceptive receptors and transduction

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

12 (4,570 )

Pain is a subsystem of somatic sensation which includes a wide range of unpleasant sensory and emotional experiences usually associated with actual or potential tissue damage (Das et al., 2005). Over the years, by means of the evolutive process of natural selection, nature has made sure that pain is a bodily signal we cannot ignore. As a matter of fact, sensitivity and reactivity to noxious stimuli are ...

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Psychosocial interventions in forensic mental health

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

8 (2,850 )

The purpose of this essay is to examine the evidence based approaches of psychosocial interventions in the forensic mental health setting and the effects they have on patients, how we can implement psycho-education as an intervention for the families of the patient of schizophrenia. The sex offender treatment programme SOTP and the implementation of Anger management treatments for offenders whom suffer from problematic anger, in this essay ...

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Intelligence Emotional And Intelligence Quotient

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

4 (1,440 )

Emotional intelligence is one of the best predictors of success. In fact, many studies show that emotional intelligence is a better indicator to success than a higher IQ (intelligence quotient). There are several reasons. But the main reason why emotional intelligence is a better indicator is because it shows how much a person can manage and change his daily actions in everyday life. IQ tests don't test ...

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Differentiation Of The Self

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

8 (3,101 )

Murray Bowen laid a foundation for family systems theory and established an effective way of carrying out family therapy. Among his concepts is that of differentiation of the self, which will be explored in this paper. The paper begins with my own connection with the idea. Next, I explore the theory, describing key players in its development, those related to differentiation, and how it can be used ...

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Positive Psychology: A Long Past But Short History

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

6 (2,393 )

Positive psychology places emphasis on the more upbeat experiences, individual traits, and organizations that can enhance the development of these experiences and traits. This field aims to broaden the focus of clinical psychology beyond simply relieving the symptoms of common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety and bring attention to a person's positive characteristics and strengths (Snyder & Lopez, 2002). According to Barrett and Ollendick (2004) ...

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The assumptions and limitations of abnormality

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

4 (1,455 )

Abnormality, as defined by Eysenck and Flanagan (2000), means deviating from what is normal or usual. This definition is straightforward; however, it is not that easy to define normality (conforming to a standard). There are four ways which we can establish standard; the first way is through statistics, which means statistical infrequency. It is the idea that certain behaviours are statistically rare in the population, an example ...

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Childhood Depression: What Is It?

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

8 (2,990 )

Most adults and many children and adolescents have a few bad days here and there, sometimes three or four in a row. When this happens, your mood is bad, you feel like jumping on people for nothing. You sleep, but you do not rest. You eat, but you are not hungry. Your life is one big chore. Everything that was fun is work and what usually is ...

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The effects of teenage acne on the individual’ psyche

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

5 (1,723 )

Adolescence, from the Latin word 'adolescere' means to grow up. Adolescence is the period of life where teenagers will undergo puberty, which is a 'transitional stage between childhood and adulthood that involves biological, cognitive, and socioemotional changes' (yan yan's adolescence). During puberty, teenagers experience a rapid physical growth and psychological changes due to a surge in hormone production. Examples of the effects on puberty on teenagers are ...

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The Visual Occlusion Technique

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

6 (2,371 )

The visual occlusion technique was originally developed by Senders et al. to assess driver workload and to evaluate the cognitive demands of the roadway. Recently, the technique was adopted as a means to estimate the visual demand of in-vehicle devices (Gelau & Krems, 2004) and has been introduced by the International Standards Organization (ISO) as a standard for assessing visual demand from in-vehicle systems (ISO, 2007). The ...

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Mental Illness And Social Theory

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

13 (4,958 )

Throughout history, there have been differing views of how mental illness was thought to occur, and how it should be subsequently treated. For example Greek and Roman philosophers such as Hippocrates and Plato advocated that abnormal behaviour resulted from an internal disease, with Hippocrates believing it was an imbalance of the four humours that were thought to flow through the body (Comer, 2005). As such, physicians of ...

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Functions and brain mechanisms of sleep

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

5 (1,855 )

Sleep, it is the state in which we spend much of our lives yet so little is known about it. It has long fascinated psychologists and many have sought to unravel its mysteries. Yet like all other behaviours sleep can be examined using the same biological, psychological and environmental methods that are so effective in other areas. Defined, sleep is a naturally recurring state which is characterized ...

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Personality Traits Conscientiousness Agreeableness

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

6 (2,280 )

CHAPTER 3 3.1 Introduction Under this study, Personality Traits (Conscientiousness, Agreeableness) will be examined. Organizational Climate (Social Norm of a company) will be studied as the moderator to find out the relationship between Personality Traits' (Conscientiousness, Agreeableness) on ethical decision making. This section also reports the research methodology including research design, analytical techniques and operation of constructs. 3.2 Research Model and Hypothesis This study aims to focus ...

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The Phantom Limb Pain

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

7 (2,661 )

Generally, theories are based on neurological pathway and cortical re-organisation based on amputated people. Neurobiological theories proposed so far are divided into peripheral, spinal and central mechanism, which all overlap each other to a certain extent. Peripheral mechanism states that impulses created by neuromas at the stump are perceived by the brain as pain. On the other hand, the central mechanism explains phantom pain in terms of ...

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Current cognitive models of PTSD

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

12 (4,440 )

The treatment literature of the past twenty years reflects an enormous interest in discovering the most effective psychological therapy for clients with a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD. The overall aim of this paper is to critically evaluate current cognitive models of PTSD and literature on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapies to treat this disorder based on these models. Definitions of PTSD In the Fourth ...

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Sleep Disorders and their Effects

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

5 (1,851 )

Sleep disorders are medical disorders where the sleep patterns of a person is disrupted. A French scientist, Henri Pieron wrote a book entitled "Le problem physiologique du sommeil" which first examined sleep from a physiological perspective. Then, Dr. Nathaniel Kleitman also known as 'Father of American sleep research' questioned the regulation of sleep and wake and of circadian rhythms. His work delved into studies of sleep deprivation. ...

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Psychophysiological Methods In Lie Detection

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

5 (1,638 )

It has been widely acknowledged that there is a link between the physiologies of the body in connection to psychological thought responses in individuals. Psychophysiological methods measure these physiological changes, which include; facial expressions, pupil dilation, voice frequency, heart rate, breathing patterns, skin conductance, and changes within the brain (Andreassi, 2000). This essay will explore and assess the usefulness of two key psychophysiological methods; the polygraph that ...

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The Threats To Internal Validity

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

4 (1,504 )

When conducting research, a researcher must be familiar with the basic issues and concepts that are essential to comprehend the scientific study of behavior. According to Leedy and Ormrod (2010) a novice researcher must be knowledgeable about what research is really entailed because the word research has a certain mystique about it. Leedy and Ormrod further stated that a researcher needs to dispel the myths and misconceptions ...

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Attribution Theorists And Biased Judgements

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

5 (1,780 )

Social psychologists have studied attribution theories for several decades, and their research has produced many interesting insights. The process of assigning a cause to ones own behaviour, or that of other's can be defined as attribution (Hogg, 2005). Considering that attribution is complex, many theories have been constructed to demonstrate its performance. This essay will examine the evidence that biased layperson's judgements of others are inevitable by, ...

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Self awareness in persons with brain injury

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

10 (3,691 )

Acquired brain injury (ABI) is a major medical issue which can affect anyone regardless of class, race, ethnicity, gender, or age. It can be defined as "damage to the brain, which occurs after birth and is not related to a congenital or a degenerative disease. These impairments may be temporary or permanent and cause partial functional disability or psychosocial maladjustment" (Brain Injury Association, 2009). People who have ...

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Characteristics Of Life Span Development

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

9 (3,458 )

Development occurs in the biological, cognitive, and social domains. The biological domain includes the physical changes an individual experiences throughout the course of their life. This would include growth and development in the body. An example of the biological aspect is hormonal changes during puberty. Puberty is the point in time where the development of sexual characteristics begins, and will allow these humans to become sexually active ...

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Cross-cultural decision-making

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

10 (3,886 )

“DECISION-MAKING STYLES ACROSS CULTURES” Executive Summary According to Schramm-Nielsen(2001), there has not been much of concern with the cultural aspects of decision-making. This results in making decision-making as a universal phenomenon which means that decision makers act much or less the same way regardless of cultural background. Purpose of this article is thus find out to what extent decision making styles vary across cultures by using Hofstede's ...

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Investigation into different levels of processing

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

7 (2,487 )

The following study was based on the "levels of processing theory" put forward by Craick and Lochart (Craick & Lockhart, 1972), which states that we are more likely to recall information when deeper levels of processing are used. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between levels of processing and the relative recall rates. The study examined three levels of processing words; phonemic, graphemic ...

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