Psychology Essays | Free Essays on Psychology

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A study on pathological gambling as an addiction

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,010 Words)

It has been found that between 70 to ninety percent of adults gamble at some point in their life. (Ladoucer, 1991). These figures are from Canada but can be genralised to most developed civilisations. According to the DSM criteria pathological gambling is am impulse control disorder, which is displayed by a persistent and uncontrolled gambling, failure to stop gambling, feeling withdrawal symptoms and uneasiness when not aloud ...

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Psychological models which explain suicidal thoughts and behaviours

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,353 Words)

Suicide is included in the ten leading causes of death across different age groups (Bertolote & Fleischmann, 2005) and in the past 45 years, rates have shown a 60% increment, and it is now thought to account for around 1 million deaths worldwide per year (World Health Organization, 2009). A large epidemiological community study in Europe has found that there is a 7.8% lifetime prevalence of suicidal ...

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Two Forms Of Communication Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,253 Words)

Generally, there are two forms of communication, the commonly known verbal communication which uses sounds or spoken language to relay messages and the non-verbal communication which will be discussed throughout the essay. Non-verbal communication comprises all types of communication which doesn't engage any spoken word (Greene et al. 1994). The observation of non-verbal communication engages all the senses, such as hearing which is used to identify the ...

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Stereotype Threat Is A Phenomenon Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,663 Words)

Membership in a stereotyped group is the one condition that must always be present in order for stereotype threat to occur. Everyone is a member of at least one stereotyped group, and is vulnerable to being affected by stereotype threat in different situations. Although greatly contested, women and members of ethnic minorities are not the only groups affected by stereotype threat. Research on stereotype threat has shown ...

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Nature vs nurture debate referencing to eating disorders

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,387 Words)

This essay will be discussing one question that has stumped philosophers and psychologist alike since the eighteenth century. The nature verses nurture debate which has been one of the most controversial questions debated throughout the decade by students and lectures. Galton (1883) was the first to term the phrase nature-nurture. Gross (2005) which questions the amounts our psychological characteristics are due to our genes also the amount ...

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Misconceptions of psychology

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,709 Words)

Numerous studies have shown undergraduate students and everyday people to have a range of misconceptions about psychology. This study examined misconceptions among one group of first year psychology students, and another group of first year engineering students in order to determine whether psychology students perform significantly better than students of other academic disciplines in regards to their knowledge of psychology. A quasi-experimental independent-groups design was used, with ...

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Background And Pathophysiology Of Schizophrenia Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,146 Words)

Schizophrenia is a severe chronic psychotic disorder associated with the brain and is characterised by symptoms classified into three major categories; positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. Positive symptoms include hallucinations, delusions and thought disorder. Negative symptoms consist of social withdrawal and flattening of emotional responses. In addition to this, deficits in cognitive function such as attention and memory are also often present in schizophrenic patients together with ...

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Comparison of three different Developmental Theories

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,804 Words)

This paper will compare and contrast three developmental theories we have learned about throughout this class: social learning theory, psychoanalytic theory, and the psychosocial theory. Developmental theories are beneficial to understand the behavior of a child, and though some may seem very different, they can share many similarities. These theories help people to understand the advances in childhood and the different stages they occur in. These three ...

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Bipolar Disorder And Schizophrenia Comparison Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,921 Words)

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive disorder and schizophrenia are both mental disorders. Bipolar disorder describes a category of mood disorders that work to elevate moods in a person in an abnormal manner. Schizophrenia, on the other hand, works to provide abnormalities in a person's perception and/or expression of reality. Both these disorders affect a person's personality and patients of these disorders have to receive special medical ...

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How should we understand human pro social behaviour

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,195 Words)

Pro-social behaviour can be described as any action that benefits the physical or psychological well-being of another (Hogg & Vaughn, 2008). This includes altruism; an act with no selfish motives such as praise or recognition (Batson, 1991; cited in Hogg & Vaughn, 2008). The reasons for such behaviour have been largely debated bringing forth two social psychological perspectives to be presented and critically evaluated in this essay. ...

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Case study of infancy

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,893 Words)

The first two years are very important in a child development. In this essay you will find the key concepts and theories of cognitive, social and emotional development in infancy. I am going to explain what cognitive development is and focus on cognitive theory of Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget and acquisition of language and perception. This essay will tell you what are the most common emotions of ...

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The Effects Of Job Insecurity Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,825 Words)

New flexible type of employment and organizational changes that have been introduced during mainly the last decade have brought the term of job insecurity to light and led researchers from various field to examine the work related phenomenon (Budworth, 2009). Businesses have become "leaner and meaner" (Burke & Cooper, 2000, p. 6) by focusing on core competencies and outsourcing more peripheral functions (Burke& Cooper, 2000). Moreover, many ...

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Researching the four goals of psychology

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (992 Words)

Psychology refers to a discipline which involves the scientific study of human mental functions and behaviors. This study aims at understanding the role played by an individual mental function in determining why different people behave differently. This paper aims at exploring the four goals of psychology and how these goals can help or hurt humanity. The four goals of psychology are all based from scientific findings and ...

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Reflection change and aspects of schizophrenia

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,695 Words)

This paper will provide a variety of definitions regarding paranoid schizophrenia, an overall history of the disease, its causes, symptoms, treatment options, myths and facts. Paranoid schizophrenia has been redefined, evaluated, studied and researched for decades. It is a mental illness that is categorized as a psychotic illness with many controversial beliefs. A recent definition comes from Ong, M. (2009) where he defines schizophrenia as "a disorder ...

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To Explain Fire Setting Behaviour Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,405 Words)

Intentional firesetting is a costly and serious form of anti social behaviour that can have devastating consequences, both personally and financially. Encapsulating this notion, fire departments in the United States confirmed that in 2007, there were over 300,000 intentionally set fires recorded, causing hundreds of fatalities, thousands of injuries and generated over a billion dollars of financial costs (Hall, 2010). The term firesetting is often used interchangeably ...

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Look At What Is Counselling Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,818 Words)

Counselling in the broad sense of the term is simply expressing your ideas about how someone can improve their situation. Human beings are always faced with issues that involve a degree of anxiety. An obstacle or challenge is presented by poor choices or circumstances, and a decision must be made about how to approach the issue in order to reduce the tension and restore hope. Everyone becomes ...

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Stress in the workplace

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,752 Words)

Stress in the workplace is a new phenomenon in modern life and has become an increasingly one of the most discussed topic over the past decade. Workplace stress can be defined as the change in one's physical or mental state in response to workplaces that pose an appraised challenge or threat to that employee (Thomas W. Colligan, 2005). It is already established that the stress in the ...

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Barriers To Learning Encountered Children With Down Syndrome Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,041 Words)

Causes and Risks of Down's Syndrome. Initially, I would like to mention what is Down syndrome (DS). Down syndrome, also referred to as Trisomy 21, is a situation in which additional genetic material played a significant role in the way a child matures, both physically and intellectually. It is a genetic disease that affects approximately one in every 1,000 babies. Each person has 46 chromosomes, which are ...

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Social Cognitive Perspective and Phenomenological Perspective

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,371 Words)

The quoted text is taken from 'Social Psychology' (Hollway et al 2007, p.35). It challenges the accountability of certain methods in their ability to accurately reflect the reality of social phenomena. Implicitly understood in this statement is that qualitative methods are better suited than quantitative methods. Qualitative methods are better able to reflect "richness and complexity" of lived experience than quantitative methods which are capable of "limiting, ...

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Co Action Effect And The Audience Effect Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,563 Words)

The co-action effect occurs when a higher level of performance is present when surrounded by other individuals performing the same task. It can be applied to a variety of tasks competitive and non-competitive e.g. Sports, multiplications, spelling etc. It is also perceived that an individual's work rate can alter by merely watching the individual carry out a specified task. This is known as the audience effect. This ...

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Research on work family conflict and well being

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

14 Pages (5,527 Words)

Researchers have focused on the concept of WFC in some form for the past 40 years, dating back to Kahn, Wolfe, Quinn, Snoek, and Rosenthal (1964). WFC was originally conceptualized as a one-dimensional, bidirectional construct, meaning that it referred to both the influence of work on family and the influence of family on work as part of one dimensions. Explain on dimensionalityÃ¢â‚¬Â¦ Work-family conflict has been defined ...

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Research Methodology Phenomenology or Positivism

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,454 Words)

In order to solve a research problem a research approach has to be chosen. Several authors discuss different methods and classifications. The type of approach that is appropriate depends mainly on the nature of the research problems under investigation and the amount of knowledge the researcher already has in the research field. A good design ensures that the data collected is consistent with the objectives of the ...

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How hot drinks effect peoples feelings

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,376 Words)

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of the temperature of a held drink on the appearance of either positive or negative feelings towards other people. The results obtained in the replication of the study are consistent with the findings of the original experiment conducted by Williams and Bargh (2008). In this experiment, 20 people were divided into two groups with two temperature priming ...

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The collective unconscious

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,055 Words)

Carl Jung believed our psyche included 3 parts - the conscious, the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. He illustrated this by asking us to imagine our minds like tropical islands. The small part above the water is our conscious. Consciousness is the experience of the here and now. It is the smallest part of our psyche. Jung considered the ego to be the centre of the ...

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Study on the effects of occupational therapy

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,373 Words)

Occupational therapy (OT) is about helping people of all ages conduct and improve their ability to perform their daily activities that occupy their time in their environment (Hussey, Sabonis-Chafee, & O'Brien, 2007). The environment to which individuals may wish to perform tasks could be in home, work, school or community settings (Hagedorn, 2000). The roles of occupational therapists (OTs) are to work with individuals to help them ...

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Effectiveness of conventional language therapy in stroke patients

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

15 Pages (5,765 Words)

Stroke is a major non-communicable disease of increasing socio-economic importance in aging populations. According to the world health organization (WHO) Global Burden of Disease report, stroke was the second leading cause of mortality worldwide in 1990 & the third leading cause of mortality in developed countries, (1), causing approximately 4.4 million deaths worldwide. (2), the most recent estimates showed that in 2002, the number of deaths due ...

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Theories that are involved in Hypnosis and Psychotherapy

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,188 Words)

Introduction Of all the techniques available to hypo-psychotherapy, ego strengthening is something that works across the board. Hartland's ego strengthening script has stood the test of time and reveals some powerful secrets about the uses of hypnotic techniques. This study will clearly explain principles used in the Harland script and why they are effective. In addition to this an extension will also be delivered on the possible ...

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Effects of breaking attachment bonds

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,723 Words)

The attachment theory is the joint work of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. John Bowlby formulated the basic view of the theory, he has thereby revolutionised our thinking about a child's bond to its mother and its disruption through separation and deprivation. Mary Ainsworth made it possible to test some of Bowlby's ideas and expand the theory. She has been responsible for some of the new directions. ...

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Features Of The Two Main Paradigms Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,653 Words)

This section discusses the selection and justification of the appropriate research paradigm. The term paradigm, as used in this research, refers to the philosophies and beliefs that provide guidelines and principles in relation to how research is conducted (Guba & Lincoln 1994; Hussey & Hussey 1997; Ticehurst & Veal 1999). A research paradigm is a framework of assumptions that guides researchers in their work (Healy & Perry ...

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A Look At Burnout Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

14 Pages (5,351 Words)

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction This study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and burnout among nurses working in private hospitals in Malaysia. Theoretical literature related to this relationship will be presented in the first part of this chapter. The existing literature on the topics was examined and key pieces were brought together to establish a foundation for this study. The next part of the review ...

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Gender bias in the classroom

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,166 Words)

Gender Bias in the Classroom: An intervention approach This paper is a research proposal that will offer an extensive examination of the sources and effects of gender bias that occurs in the classroom. After a literature review on the subject, this paper will outline a research task, which will suggest a future means for deepening the understanding of gender bias in classrooms. The hypothesis of the study ...

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Emotional words and there affect on memory

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,007 Words)

Performance in memory tasks seem to vary depending on the emotional significance of the memory list. In view of this, the present study investigated whether memory would improve for emotional words compared to neutral words. A matched pairs design was used with an opportunity sample of 100 participants (M=19.7, SD=), each participant was read a word list which consisted of emotional and neutral words . Participants were ...

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The psychoanalytic theory

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,653 Words)

INTRODUCTION The Psychodynamic theory is a modern version of the psychoanalytic theory, developed by Freud in the early 1900's, and adapted by the psychoanalytic theorists that followed him. Just like Freud's Theories this approach believes that our behaviour is shaped to a large extent by our unconscious mind, by the interaction of three mental processes; The Id, Ego and the Superego (O' Farrell, 2001). The Psychodynamic Theory ...

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Psychoanalytic Theory The Nature Of People Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,093 Words)

Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalytic counseling, held the position that humans existed in perpetual turmoil between two basic drives, sexual and aggressive or the life and death drives (Merydith, 2007). Freud also believed that the vast majority of our knowledge about our innate drives is buried in the unconscious part of the mind (Corey, 2005). Freud held the position that people are "basically evil and victims ...

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Tantrums And Anxiety In Early Childhood Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,280 Words)

According to the authors of "Tantrums and Anxiety in Early Childhood: A Pilot Study," the anxiety of children could have a significant relationship with the tantrums, as well as be a factor that causes them. Studying tantrums and its factors is important because of concerns about having long lasting effect in children's behavior and assuring the best forms to counteract those. The study's information, gathered by the ...

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Bipolar Disorder In Children And Adolescents

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,590 Words)

An overview of the symptoms and definition of bipolar disorder will be performed in order to clearly define the disorder to use for linkage of the symptoms found in children and adolescents. This paper will examine the diagnosis, prognosis and course of early onset bipolar disorder. An assessment will be conducted of the treatments for early onset bipolar disorder and its effectiveness in the course of the ...

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Fast Connected Components Labeling Algorithm Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,357 Words)

Connected components labeling is an important operation in pattern recognition and computer vision [1], which is commonly adopted to detect connected regions in binary digital images. The labeling algorithm scans an image and groups its pixels into components based on pixel connectivity, and each component is assigned a unique label. According to the symbolic image, many features (numbers, areas, perimeters, centroid, enclosing rectangles, etc.) of objects in ...

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Attachment theory in raising children

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,404 Words)

Attachment is the link that forms between the person taking care of an infant and the infant itself from when it is between eight to nine months of age, giving the child security emotionally. Bonding starts from when a child is being given food, and goes on to participating in pseudo-dialogue and then it is followed by the child taking part in more active roles of proto ...

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Development of attribution theory

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,136 Words)

The Attribution Theory was developed by Fritz Heider, it looks at how people make sense of their world, and how they interpret events and relate them to their thinking and behaviour. The Attribution Theory divides the behaviour attributes into internal and external factors, internal attribution is an attribution that is made by looking at a person's characteristics, such as intelligence or personality, on the other hand external ...

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Defining The Concepts Of Normality And Abnormality Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,769 Words)

Normality and abnormality are two sides in which can only be defined in relation to one another. In order to define each and without assumption, psychological conception of abnormality and its different criteria is used to propose the definitions of normality and abnormality with key areas that should be taken into consideration when defining what is normal and what is not. The first is known as deviation ...

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Attitude Formation Affective And Cognitive Factors Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,193 Words)

The present essay will demonstrate that attitude formation is a complex and dynamic process, with both affective and cognitive factors operating as antecedents. The very existence of multiple antecedents raises questions surrounding the conditions whereby either antecedent influences attitude formation (Crites, Fabrigar, & Petty, 1994; Trafimow & Sheeran, 1998). It is this very concern which forms the basis of the present essay. The premise is adopted that ...

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At risk behavior in adolescent development

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,797 Words)

Adolescent can be defined as developmental stage between childhood and adulthood where through this crucial period they will have rapid changes in physical, emotion, cognitive change and also behavior. The adolescent stages can be divided to early adolescence (10-12 years), middle adolescence (13-15 years) and late adolescent (16 above) (Feldman, 2005). According to Western psychologists, "adolescence primarily as preparation for adulthood and this period as a time ...

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Basic-Emotions

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,633 Words)

Out of Class Activity (2) Social Scenario 1: emotion - resentment Jane said in the waiting room, that the interview would be straight forward, but was sure that the job would nevertheless go to Sara, as she was more experienced than her at psychometric testing. At interview Sara, excelled in the aptitude tests, but did poorly in the interview and Jane got the job. While pleased for ...

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The research method

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,214 Words)

Abstract This article is a summary of the research method, Systematic Review. There are four facet s, a short introduction of the systematic review, including the features, the steps of the methodology, the discussion of some steps , and the conclusion from the above investigation and some vista for the systematic review. Introduction There are several kinds of research methods, and each of them has their ...

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Factors influencing a person to show conformity

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,461 Words)

This essay concerns conformity and what factors influence an individual to conform to majority groups. The term conformity refers to the change in beliefs, attitudes and feelings that individual's adopt in response to social pressure or social norms (in Baron, Branscombe & Byrne 2008). Social norms are unwritten rules and guidelines which dictate how an individual should behave and what behaviours are expected from them in certain ...

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Do extracurricular programs reduce the stress of students

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,251 Words)

Life as a student is resplendent with assignments, essays and study. Not to mention all the extracurricular activities that has to be done. Of course, as a student, a common problem that can't be avoided is feeling stress. In the beginning of this paper, it will discuss and explain about stress and source of stress. Studies and statistical evidence are given to proof that students around the ...

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Qualitative and quantative research is to analyze and interpret data

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,505 Words)

Qualitative and quantitative research designs are used to collect, analyze and interpret data so that more meaningful information is obtained. Qualitative research attempts to establish a largely narrative, and holistic description to enable the researcher understand about a given cultural or social phenomenon. A qualitative research is conducted within natural settings with the use of interviews, documents reviews, and observations which can be used at the same ...

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Peoples Formation Of Impressions Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,188 Words)

This experiment studied how group membership In-group vs Out-group and Order effects Order A vs Order B - Asch affected peoples formation of impressions. 151 Kingston University Second Year Psychology Undergraduate Students were randomly allocated to one of the four experimental conditions where they completed a response sheet answering two endorsement questions. Participants either viewed a presentation on describing characteristics associated with a mechanic or psychology student ...

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Stress Research Within Sport Psychology Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

20 Pages (7,624 Words)

Although a number of studies and research have been carried out to determine the effects of stress and anxiety on athletes in various sports in general, the impact of these on individuals associated with surfing remains an unexplored area. However, a lot of existing material that applies to general sports can also be applied to surfing and surfers in particular. When individuals as sportspersons encounter stressful situations, ...

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The Reality Series Survivor Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,473 Words)

This term paper consists of two sections. The first section provides three diagnostic summaries in accordance to three participants in the reality series Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains. The diagnoses include hypotheses of mood disorders and Cluster B personalities which can not be confirmed without further evaluation and assessment of the studies. The second part discusses why Americans are fascinated by reality television and its potential dangers to ...

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Drugs And Alcohol Cognitive Behavioural Approach Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,079 Words)

CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy) is one of those practical treatments used in the domain of substance misuse which can be called psychosocial interventions. This kind of intervention, regarding as a kind of psychotherapy because of the vast usage of talking therapy, concerns to solve mental problems which can turn a normal person to an alcohol or drugs victim. The main problems here can be emotional, behavioral and ...

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Psychoanalytic Critical Perspectives On Fairy Tales Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,952 Words)

Fairy tales have continued to be narrated and passed from on generation to another of almost if not all communities of the world. They are short narratives that in all aspects resemble folkloric characters. The similarities can be felt on goblins, trolls, fairies, elves, dwarves and giants that are usually enchantments (Biechonski, 2010). But differences can be seen from other types of folk narratives like precise moral ...

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Methodological Critique

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,062 Words)

Organizational Memory Studies: A Methodological Critique The literature on organizational memory has grown steadily since Walsh and Ungson's (1991) systematic exposition of the concept. This review concentrates on a limited range of articles following Walsh and Ungson from the major journals in management and organization theory that focus on organizational memory (Anand, Manz, and Glick, 1998; Cohen and Bacdayan, 1994; Kyriakopoulos and de Ruyter, 2004; Moorman and ...

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An Infants Innate Proximity Seeking Behaviour Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,400 Words)

Bowlby's classical attachment theory (1969/ 1982, 1973) is an ethological theory emphasising the regulatory functions of an infant's innate proximity-seeking behaviours directed towards their primary caregiver. Fundamentally, it classifies the infant-caregiver relationship as the foundation of an infant's future social development and further ability to form relationships. Bowlby believed that a child's attachment with its caregiver governs the development of internal working models (or mental representations) which ...

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Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,678 Words)

Categorically, TF-CBT helps children recover from post-traumatic stress associated from sexual assault or any form of sexual abuse that could have affected the mental thinking of the child. However, other people playing guidance roles to the affected children can also adopt the use of TF-CBT in alleviating the traumatic situations of the sexually assaulted child (Cohen et al., 2004). Essentially, the paper seeks to shed more light ...

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Effect of Chewing Gum on Working Memory Performance

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (4,879 Words)

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of chewing gum on working memory performance. A total of sixty subjects were divided two groups of thirty, namely the gum-chewing group and the no-gum group. They were required to read an article of 473 words within a time limit of 4 minutes. After that, they were asked to complete a memory quiz consisting of fifteen questions relating to ...

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Childhood sexual abuse and effects on marital functioning

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,341 Words)

Childhood sexual abuse victimization has detrimental effects on a woman's intimate relationships. Adult survivors of child sexual abuse may show difficulties in interpersonal relationships, including avoidance or fear of intimacy, showing low emotional engagement with partners and a pattern of withdrawing from couple interaction during times of high emotion. Adult survivors also may have trouble with trust and may have a poor sense of boundaries and have ...

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The five approaches to understanding human behaviour

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,993 Words)

This approach tries to explain how the brain works and how changes in structure and function can affect some ones behaviour. The first factor is Neuroanatomy which studies the brain's anatomy and neural structures. Evidence by Raine et al (1997) included a study of 41 murderers and compared them with 41 control subjects by PET scans; this showed a lack of activity in the prefrontal cortex of ...

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A Hierarchical Regression Analysis Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,636 Words)

This study was conducted to determine what the predictors of Body Mass Index are. There were two research questions of this study. First research question was How well the type of chocolate and frequency of chocolate consumption predict body mass index, after controlling for gender physical activity? Second research question was "How well do fat percentage and cacao percentage in chocolate explain body mass index, after controlling ...

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Is persons personality based on heredity or environment

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,201 Words)

Personality is a set of characteristics or traits that reflect in one's cognitive, affective and behavioural states. Personality may be based on many factors. It may be based on innate or learned experience, or latent or manifest. But, the focus of this essay will be whether a person's personality is based on the magnitude of genetic or an environmental influence. Personality can be divided into two categories, ...

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Psychological Factors of Obesity

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,955 Words)

Obesity is the most prevalent, preventable health problem in the United States and the world. Obesity has been called the main public problem in the United States and it has been with us for centuries. The effects of obesity are complex and farther reaching than many people are aware of. The effects of obesity are not only limited to the appearance but also, the mind of the ...

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Psychology Essays - Developmental Psychology

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,780 Words)

Psychosynthesis Essay - Ego Development and the Self Write a paper showing your understanding of the basics of developmental psychology from a psycho-spiritual point of view. When considering developmental psychology many questions come to mind when trying to explain human development. Maturity can form many guises - in the form of physical, social, psychological and cognitive changes within the individual. Are these developments independent of one another ...

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Journal of psychology

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,262 Words)

We only use 10% of our brains...It is better to express anger than hold it on...These are some of the common myths of "pop psychology". Such claims are embedded into the daily media, popular television shows, self-help books, magazines and on the internet. Go into any bookshop and there are shelves of self-help, relationship and addiction books, aimed at the vulnerable. Although many of these self-help books ...

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Skinners ideas on Reinforcement, Behaviorism and Consciousness

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,869 Words)

ReinforcementÂ is a term inÂ operant conditioningÂ andÂ behavior analysisÂ for the process of increasing theÂ rateÂ or probability of aÂ behaviorÂ (e.g. pulling a lever more frequently) by the delivery or emergence of aÂ stimulusÂ (e.g. a candy) immediately or shortly after the behavior, called a "response," is performed. TheÂ response strengthÂ is assessed by measuring frequency, duration, latency, accuracy, and/or persistence of the response after reinforcement stops. he mind is of physical origin, created out of your brain ...

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Why is perception an important aspect of survival

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,024 Words)

Perception is important because it keeps us connected to the world. Perception helps to keep us alive. We are able to sense danger by a constant key mediator between stimulus and response. The knowledge gained from perception is equally as important as any of the other senses, if not more important. Perception allows us to see danger from a far, helps us discriminate and identify objects we ...

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Workplace stress

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

2 Pages (682 Words)

Synopsis This report investigates workplace stress and the affects it can have on business. The report focuses on what can be done to reduce and prevent stress in the workplace. It will look at the following: * What is stress * Main causes of workplace stress * Methods to deal with workplace stress * Preventing stress in the workplace The report concluded by looking at a ...

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Case study: Psychic determinism

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (4,816 Words)

Psychic determinism states that all processes occurring in mind are not necessarily spontaneous and as random as they seem, but are actually determined by unconscious composites (Sauer, Spring 2011, Weeks 1-2). 2. Resistance Resistance is a psychic force created by unconscious desires, needs, or impulses. This resistance prevents the discussion of possibly clinically relevant information into consciousness (Sauer, Spring 2011, Weeks 1-2). 3. Transference Transference is when a patient ...

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Teachers are the pillars of the society

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

16 Pages (6,011 Words)

Dissatisfaction among workers is undesirable and dangerous in any profession; it is suicidal if it occurs in teaching profession. If factors responsible for dissatisfaction can be differentiated, attempts can be made either to change those conditions or to reduce their intensity so as to increase the holding power of the profession. This study attempts to find out which facet or dimension affects the job satisfaction of university ...

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The relationship between double dissociations and cognitive processes

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (5,027 Words)

A relationship implies the way things interconnect and includes ways these groups regard and behave towards one another. Double Dissociations (DDs), modularity and connectionist modeling (CM) will be introduced. Discussions about their strengths and weaknesses, how advances in technology have added value to existing data and possible theoretical models will follow. Research community opinions will be explored as these factors impact the extent to which these processes ...

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The link between stress and illness

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,392 Words)

There are many causes of stress, from major life events such as divorce or the death of someone close, to small annoyances or hassles such as losing something or being stuck in traffic. These events or stimuli are called stressors. They produce the stress-response. Any event which is physically or mentally demanding can be classed as a stressor as it triggers the stress response and throws the ...

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Myers Briggs Type Indicator Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,246 Words)

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a personality test based on Carl Jungs psychological theory. It is widely used in companies for team building, as well as for marriage counselling. This paper looks at how accurately the MBTI test can predict the group dynamics of a student household. Nine students sharing the same household took the test. The results show an accurate prediction of the student's attitudes (Introversion/Extraversion), ...

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Evidence that mental representation is based on imagery

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,503 Words)

Psychologists have been interested in the processes that go on in the mind. Mental representation is studied as an important part of cognitive psychology. Generally, mental representation is attempted to answer what is stored in the mind by describing the form that knowledge of the world is represented in the mind (Pylyshyn, 1973). There are two basic forms of mental representations that are the symbolic representations and ...

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Group counseling and therapy

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,056 Words)

Group counseling and therapy involves a group of about ten people meeting on weekly basis together with a trained counselor or therapist so as to discuss and open-up to the problems and struggles they may be facing. There are group sessions which discuss a whole range of problems while other groups target specific problems. Group counseling is effective as people are given an opportunity to interact freely ...

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Is intelligence best described as a single entity

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,283 Words)

Intelligence is somewhat impossible to be describes or defined as a single entity. There are many factors that can trigger a type intelligence. Practical intelligence is somewhat people would consider common sense. Intelligence is the ability to adapt and shape in everyday environments. Some psychologists would argue that intelligence is a notion of a single entity, sometimes called "G" meaning general factor (Brand 96) and (Jensen 98). ...

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Why is psychology considered to be a science?

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

2 Pages (423 Words)

History The word "psychology" comes from the Greek words "psyche, meaning "soul" and "logos" meaning "study. Psychology is known as the study of the mind. In the modern language the suffix "ology" is referred to a "science".Before psychology was established as a science, it was associated with extra sensory perception (ESP) and other paranormal phenomena (beyond the laws of science.Hence, psychology studies human behavior in a scientific ...

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Study On The Emotional Disturbances In Children

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,393 Words)

Childhood is a happy time for most children. Full of good friends, happy families, and exciting experiences. However, some children do not experience such a childhood. Their childhoods were filled with turmoil and feeling like they did not belong. Emotional disturbance in children is a very serious matter that parents, caregivers, and educators should not take lightly. Understanding what emotional disturbance is and how we can identify ...

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Ability To Efficiently Process Local Stimuli Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,705 Words)

This study is a replication of Navons third experiment in his 1977 paper Forest Before Trees. Participants are shown a large letter the global stimulus made up of smaller letters the local stimuli. The small and large letters are either consistent or contradictory. Participants were asked to identify the local stimuli. The aim was to determine whether global stimuli affected the reaction time of identifying local stimuli ...

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Personal space and the Impact of Eye Contact

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,522 Words)

Everyone needs their own personal space. Different people, different cultures, different gender maintains different standards of personal space, some will be more but some will not. Personal space reflects our ways of thinking and feelings. People who are interested in personal space will be discover that the comfortable personal distance will need different amount of spaces; it is also depends on the social situation, gender, and individual ...

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The Parental Warmth And Parental Control Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

16 Pages (6,248 Words)

Two broad and universal dimensions of parenting practices have been recognized as critical components of the parenting practices from the past two decades namely parental warmth and parental control (Suchman, Rounsaville, DeCoste & Luthar, 2007). These parenting practices have direct effect on child development outcomes (Darling and Steinberg, 1993). Based on Lian and Yusooff (2006) study among 400 Malaysian adolescents indicated that warmth and supportive family encourages ...

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The Influences Of Anxiety Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,558 Words)

Anxiety (also called angst or worry) is a nervous or afraid feeling which almost people used to experience (Grouch n.d.). Anxiety also is considered as uncomfortable sensation happening because of stress's long period (Smeltzer and Bare 2000). According to a study performed in Britain, over 800,000 Britons have to "live in fear" and suffer from anxiety now in comparison with that of in 1993 and make the ...

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The effects of leading questions on memory

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,156 Words)

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of leading questions on memory. This was done by showing a photograph of a car accident towards two treatment groups, and then make the participants answer a questionnaire(s). The difference between the questionnaires were the verbs used (IV; "crash" and "contacted"). The answer was regarding the speed estimation (IV) of the cars when the accident occured. This ...

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The Triad Of Impairments In Asd Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,122 Words)

Having aspirations to become an educational psychologist, I have always held a strong interest in clinical conditions such as Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and how they can affect a person's behaviours. This interest has been further fuelled by my nephew having been recently diagnosed with high functioning ASD. Whilst I am familiar with the behavioural aspects of this disorder I lack knowledge on the neurological explanations. I ...

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The effect of background noise on free recall

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,073 Words)

The effect of background noise upon free recall of visually presented words was investigated. A total of 60 participants were recruited for this psychological study. The experimental groups were the speech condition (N=20) and the whale sound condition (N=20) whereas the silent condition (N=20) accounted for the control condition. Participants were randomly assigned to each group. The speech, whale sound and silence accounted for the three levels ...

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A Comparison between the works of Piaget and Bruner

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,614 Words)

Jean Piaget was a Swiss biologist who developed an influential model of childhood development he viewed cognitive development in a series of different stages. At each different stage children create a more mature approach on reality. This changes how they view the world and assimilate new information. His argument was that essentially the child was a different cognitive person during each stage of his four developmental stages. ...

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Puerperal Psychosis Causes Risk Factors And Treatment Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,201 Words)

Having a baby can be an exciting time in a womans life however; it is a time of significant bio-psychosocial change which can bring about various difficulties including different psychiatric disorders. The three main mental illnesses that can occur in the postnatal period are mania, depression and schizophrenia which are currently recognised as puerperal psychosis despite previous thoughts that puerperal psychosis was a special mental illness (RCPSYCH, ...

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Schizophrenia: the biological and psychological effect

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,349 Words)

The study of psychosis has been much published within the literature. Investigations into the biological, psychological and clinical aspects of the disorder have been greatly seen. An approach which views schizophrenia as a disturbance of information processing appears promising as a way of linking all of the aspects of the disorder. A review of the research in this area led to the suggestion that the basic disturbance ...

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Various Cause Effects Of Video Games Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,414 Words)

The most successful aspect of video games is that they provide a huge amount of human interaction through imagery and audio, thus encouraging the player to think and act quickly(Wolf, 2001, p15). This aspect makes video games different from any other forms of non-interactive media like television or radio. Video games give clear instructions about actions to be performed to reach particular levels in the game and ...

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Music Piracy Among Undergraduates In Malaysian Universities Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

18 Pages (7,194 Words)

Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction Over recent year, music piracy has become a great issue around the world. In UK (United Kingdom), the major label trade group, BPI (British Phonographic Industry) has suffered £180 million lose in 2008 and £200 million lose in 2009 due to the Internet file-sharing of music. In US (United States), Institute for Policy innovation has done an analysis and concluded that global music ...

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Subliminal Mere Exposure Influence Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,106 Words)

It is commonly seen that humans prefer familiarity, whether it be with person, place or object. Many researchers believe that repeated exposure of certain stimuli will generally increase favourable attitudes towards it. This repeated exposure breeds a certain familiarity, subsequently enhancing liking of the stimuli (Zajonc, 1968). This process is the basis behind the mere exposure effect. This effect has also been shown to occur with subliminally ...

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Can A Decision Ever Be Truly Rational Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,193 Words)

Management, Organisation and Society 1 Can a decision ever be truly rational? Â Evaluate this question drawing on the examples and theories given in the lectures. Introduction "There are no decision problems in paradise! Paradise offers a happy, but aimless life. " (Grünig & Kühn, 2009) Everything in the real world is influenced by decisions. Today, individuals, companies, organizations or institutions are all daily confronted with decision problems. ...

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Case study: self esteem

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,606 Words)

The term self-esteem can be defined as the level to which individuals view their worthiness as an individual. The roots of self-esteem are that, the appraisal is first developed from childhood and continues throughout someone's life. If it one has low self-worthiness. If anyone has low self-worth, then it means that these earlier experience is simply overshadowed the individual and have come to represent the total sum ...

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Defining And Understanding Mental Toughness Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,351 Words)

Mental toughness has been described as one of the most used, but least understood terms in applied sport psychology (Jones, Hanton, & Connaughton, 2002). Many athletes, coaches, and sports commentators have associated mental toughness with sporting success (Clough, Earle & Sewell, 2002; Connaughton, Hanton, Jones & Wadey, 2008; Gucciardi, Gordon, & Dimmock, 2008). Yet some authors who claim to be concerned with the study of mental toughness, ...

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A Look At Leadership Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,271 Words)

In a changing corporate world, strong leadership is becoming necessity for their survival Bennis nanus,1985.Complexity and chaos are creating emerging concerns in solving problem in business world, which leads more attention to leadership. This in turn has increased arguments how leadership is different from management. Management focus on responsibities and reaching goals effectively and efficiently which means it is the activities that keeps organization running(Huey,1994).However leadership is ...

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A study into secretive human behavior

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,851 Words)

Secretive is human behavior that has generally negative connation which should not be confused with "Privacy" which generally represents the human trait in which one individual is not ready to share his/her personal information to others. In contrast the secretive behavior is not limited to personal information only. If we look at the relevance of the particular behavior we may find that not only it is associated ...

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Development of Cognitive-behavioral Therapy

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,517 Words)

Approximately five decades ago Aaron T. Beck and Albert Ellis described the concepts that are central to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Since its inception, more than 300 controlled trials supporting its efficacy have been conducted (Sudak, 2006). The vast amount of research conducted exploring the efficacy of cognitive therapy has made it the psychotherapeutic treatment with the most empirical support (Sudak, 2006). Although CBT was originally developed to ...

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Comorbidity is becoming an accepted feature of development

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,649 Words)

Comorbidity is the co-occurrence of two different disorders in an individual at the same time. Sometimes multiple diagnoses have to be made to account for all the symptoms. Understanding the origins of comorbidities help us understand the causes of disorders but the underlying causal mechanisms for any developmental disorder are not thoroughly understood. In Frith's three level framework the essential elements in developmental disorders are the biological, ...

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confounding factor or lurking variable

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,117 Words)

Confounding variable, also known as confounding factor or lurking variable can be defined as an undesirable variable that has an influence on the relationship between the variables of an experiment. Although they are not the variable of actual interest (i.e. the independent variable), they can influence the outcome of an experiment and they are considered to be undesirable as they could add error to an experiment. A ...

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Case study: Parkinsons disease

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,950 Words)

Before I describe the physiological basis of Parkinson I would like to give a brief history of Parkinson and the number of people who have it. Parkinson was not formally recognized and its symptoms were not documented until the year 1817 by a British apothecary named James Parkinson. He wrote an Essay on the Shaking Palsy. In this essay he listed six cases that he had seen ...

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A Study On Sleepwalking Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,407 Words)

Broughton (2000) once mentioned that “The term parasomnia refers to a group of acute, episodic, physical phenomena that either occur exclusively during sleep or seem to be exaggerated by sleep” (as cited in Pegram, McBurney, Harding & Makris, 2004, p. 200). The generally more typical encountered NREM sleep parasomnias consist of “sleepwalking”, “sleep terrors, confusional arousal, sleep talking, and bruxism” (Pegram et al., 2004, p.200). Sleepwalking, also ...

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The biological and learning perspectives

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,739 Words)

Aggression remains a substantial problem today. According to Berkowitz (1975) aggression can be defined as any behaviour which is intended to cause harm to another person whether physically or verbally. This investigation is an evaluation of the biological and learning perspectives of psychology accounting for the development of aggression in children. Aggression from the biological perspective is seen as an innate behaviour which is genetically transferred from ...

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