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Advantages and disadvantages of relying on field notes

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,594 Words)

When designing a research project a researcher could use data collection methods such as field notes and transcription of audio or video recordings. This essay will describe what are the advantages and disadvantages of relying solely on field notes. This will come along with a comparison of producing a transcription of audio or video recording. Field notes are the observation data produced by the researcher. These are ...

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Cause and Effect of Procrastination

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,716 Words)

Procrastination is no stranger to today's culture in time management. Studies conducted by Beswick, Rothblum & Mann, 1988; Gallagher, 1992; Rothblum, Solomon & Murakami, 1986 reports that 40% to over 50% of college students procrastinate. "Procrastination comes from the Latin 'pro', meaning 'forward, forth, or in favor of,' and 'crastinus,' meaning 'of tomorrow'" (Klein, 1971). Based on that, procrastination actually means the action of deferring a task. ...

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Relationship between competitive sport and self esteem

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

16 Pages (6,377 Words)

The present study examined the relationship between competitive sport and self esteem. The sample included both female and male participants who were divided into two groups, athletes (N=20) and non-athletes (N=20) An athlete was defined as an individual between the ages of 15-25 years old who was currently involved in organized competitive figure skating for at least 10 hours per week. A non-athlete was defined as an ...

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Historical Development of the Solution Focused Narrative Practice

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,032 Words)

This assignment aims to critically analyse the historical development of the Solution Focused Narrative Practice (SFNP) and the philosophical heritage that underpins the foundation. Brief reflection and evaluation will be included on how it was applied by the author in the work place. Solution Focused Therapy (SFT) is a here and now type of psychotherapy that places much emphasis on the present and future. It is a ...

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Facts Regarding The Moon And The Illusion Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

17 Pages (6,530 Words)

1. Introduction The moon rises in the east and settles in the west, following a trajectory route very similar to that of figure 2a. However, during this trajectory the appearance of the moon observed larger on the horizon compared to when it is in its elevated position in the sky is known as the moon illusion for e.g. ( Kaufman et al 1962, 2000, 2006 Reed & ...

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The role of intuition in strategic decision making

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,957 Words)

One important part of strategic management research examines the question how strategic decisions are made. The wide array of scholarly works and practitioner contributions on this topic makes it necessary to provide a definition of a strategic decision. Following Eisenhardt and Zbaracki, strategic decisions are "infrequent decisions made by the top leaders of an organisation that critically affect organisational health and survival" (1992, p.17). Strategic decision making ...

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Dependent Variables Depression Anxiety Stress Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,423 Words)

Adolescence is a crucial phase in life, during which the teenagers can succumb to conditions like depression, anxiety and stress which can increase chance of mental illnesses. The present study aims at measuring the level of depression, Anxiety and Stress of the 10th std students between the age group of 14-15 years studying in rural and urban High Schools. The sample of the study obtained using purposive ...

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IQ Tests Do They Measure Intelligence Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,330 Words)

This paper is on "IQ Test". The paper explains how the IQ test is being used all over the world and for what purposes. It explains the meaning of the term "IQ". Moreover it explains the tools that have been used to measure intelligence through the IQ Test. It also gives the history and invention of this test, along with who were the inventors of this test. ...

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Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,647 Words)

Most people are not aware that there is such a thing as panic disorder with agoraphobia. Believe it or not, panic disorder plagues more than 5 million people across the globe. The root cause is stress. In the modern world we live in today, stress is the flag carrier of anxiety, so to speak. When anxiety goes unchecked and awry, as it goes out of control, this ...

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Gender In Respond To Stress And Overcome Stress Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,602 Words)

The process of growing, different gender does have different respond on when facing the stress and even the way of copping the stress. In this study, we were targeting with both gender by category their age, race, culture and surrounding issue that influence or change them the point of respond to stress and the way of copping the stress. There are many issue and different causes of ...

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Value Of An Effective Coach Athlete Relationship Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,972 Words)

Understanding the value of an effective coach-athlete relationship within the elite sport spectrum, and the use of efficient management within multidisciplinary teams Traditionally, a coach has a prescribed number of roles, which typically includes a planned, coordinated and integrated program of athlete preparation (Baker, Horton, Robertson-Wilson & Wall, 2003; Woodman, 1993), whilst ensuring that their own and the athlete's cognitions, feelings, and behaviours are mutually and casually ...

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Child Behaviour And Development In Classical Theory Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (964 Words)

Johnson et al. summarized several classical theories. Surplus-energy theory argues that each persons extra energy that left over after meeting survival needs must be expended. Otherwise, it becomes pressure. Play is a tool used to regulate and get rid of this surplus energy. Differing from surplus-energy theory, in recreation theory the purpose of play is to recover energy expended in work, especially hard work. This explains why ...

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Does Exposure To Media Violence Cause Aggression Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,651 Words)

Over a period spanning more than 50 years, research evidence has accumulated about media violence with leading scholars, principally in the United States, reaching the conclusion that exposure to media violence, especially that occurring on movies and television, facilitates aggressive and antisocial behavior among those who watch it. Furthermore, each exposure has a developmental effect that cultivates traits that increase the likelihood of overt expression of violence ...

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Evaluation of eysencks trait theory of personality

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,000 Words)

Essentially physiology and genetics where mainly relevant in, Eysenck's theory Even though he was a behaviourist he considered that learned habits where of great importance, he also believed personality differences grew out of our genetic inheritance. Working within these areas of personality Eysenck discovered that there were two disciplines within psychology regarding personality. The first consisted of theorist who studied personality, interested in just developing theories with ...

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A Movie Titled I Robot Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,330 Words)

There is one day when researcher was watching a movie titled I-Robot. The film shows that the technology of artificial intelligence has grown to the point that the robots are considered as intelligent and become part of the human society. Being a fan of science fictions, the researcher compares this film to the reality of the current world. Currently, the researcher assumes that Artificial Intelligence has recently ...

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The way people perceive

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

22 Pages (8,452 Words)

Introduction Body image is the way people perceive themselves and equally important, the way they think others perceive them. Body image is constantly changing, and is always being modified by biological growth, trauma, or decline. It is also significantly influenced and moulded by life circumstances which bring about pain or pleasure. There are many factors that influence how people perceive their own body image and others. Factors ...

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Construct a psychological formulation of the case study

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,914 Words)

A formulation is a tentative explanation or hypothesis as to why an individual presents and maintains a particular disorder or circumstance at a particular point in the time (Weerasekera, 1993) The present essay will look at the formulation of cognitive behavioural perspective in light of Cara's case study. Becks cognitive model of psychopathology stresses the importance of thinking in the elicitation and maintenance of depression, anxiety and ...

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Is mental decline inevitable with age

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,838 Words)

There is no single reliable way of measuring age, however most gerontologists suggest that 60 to 65 years is the onset of old age. It is stated that at this age; age declines in many physical and psychological processes, and these become apparent, although the actual onset of this decay is usually in early adulthood. There are many suggested causes of physical decline such as "wear and ...

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Exploring the role of empathy in psychotherapy

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,794 Words)

In psychotherapy three aspects are identified as imperative to ensure a therapeutic climate that facilitates growth and change. These aspects include genuineness or congruence, an attitude of unconditional positive regard and empathy or empathic understanding. Each aspect plays a complementary role to one another and once integrated provides a mechanism through which self-actualisation can be reached. Empathy is a key indicator of a therapists ability as a ...

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Freuds concepts and their value for contemporary psychology

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,669 Words)

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) is well known as the founder of psychoanalysis in psychiatry and is thought of by many as a key figure in psychology. Throughout his work Freud came up with numerous concepts and theories, many of which still cause a lot of debate amongst psychologists. In this essay I will discuss some of Freud's key concepts including; development of personality, personality structures and defence mechanisms. ...

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Mental Disorders and Crime

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,374 Words)

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines mental health as a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community.Â¿Â½ A mental disorder on the other hand, is a clinically psychological or behavioural disease associated with distress or disability ...

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Memory recall for word lists

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

14 Pages (5,347 Words)

The primary goal of this study was to examine the effect that colour which appertains to the emotional valence of presented images has on recall for words. Secondary goals of the study examined effects of emotional valence, congruence and gender on recall for words, and to examine whether any main interactions within these variables was evident. It was predicted that there would be greater recall for words ...

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Contributions of different theories to health psychology research

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,470 Words)

Attribution theory according to Colman (2009) was constructed to make a clear assumption how individuals assume and are aware of their own and others' attitudes. This theory was first founded by Fritz Heider and it was expanded by Edward Ellswort Jones and Harold Kelly. Whereas, self efficacy was first developed by Albert Bandura and expanded by Ralf Schwarzer. Colman (2009) stated that self efficacy is a capability ...

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Study on Peoples Ability to Detect Deception

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,583 Words)

Detecting lies is difficult to most. However, people who are being deceptive display distinct behaviors compared to that of truth tellers (Arij, 1995). The skill of detecting deceptions is especially important for people such as police officers, customs officers, prison guards and prisoners, who may frequently encounter deceptions (Vrij & Semin, 1996). Research on detecting deception is essential for the use in above areas, as well as ...

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Notion Of What Intelligence Is Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,367 Words)

Generally people have a perceptive notion of what intelligence is, and a lot of words in the English language differentiate between different levels of intellectual skill: bright, dull, smart, unintelligent, intelligent, slow, and so on. Up till now no universally accepted definition of intelligence is present, and people carry on to debate what, exactly, it is. Fundamental questions stay on. Is intelligence one general ability or several ...

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Positivism Philosophy With A Deductive Approach Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,468 Words)

The methodology of this research will follow a positivism philosophy in an effort to collect data from an observable reality and find similarities in the data collected to make them generalizable to other researchers theories (Remenyi et al. 1998, cited in Saunders, 2009, p.144). Gill and Johnson (2002, pp.39-40) add that the use of positivism emphasizes on a "cause and effect" relationship between variables, and the possible ...

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Biomechanics and Psychology on Sport Basketball

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,026 Words)

1. Coaches and athletes tend to use the terms psychological skills and psychological techniques as synonyms, but essentially have very different meanings. Psychological techniques are used to enable an athlete to help increase an athlete concentration while reducing the chance of fatigue, fear and anxiety. Examples of psychological techniques include pre-performance routines, self-talk, imagery, goal setting and mediation. Psychological skill differs from technique because it is the ...

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psychological disorders, symptoms, and possible causes

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,252 Words)

A psychological disorder can occur at any stage in one's life and to anyone. Much like a physical disease such as cancer, they do not discriminate. In our society, there seems to be certain stigmas and stereotypes attached to psychological disorders (although there is more understanding in recent years) and counseling for them, even though many may be overcome, or at least managed in this way, and ...

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The Gender And Empathy Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,250 Words)

A research revealed that female is more empathize to others than male in same age, and level of empathy growing different with age. This study measure level of empathy of 505 male and female aged 13 to 16 by using Bryant's Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents and Davis's Interpersonal Reactivity Index. The result of Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents shows that female has ...

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Link Between Forgetting, Distortion, And Repression Of Memories

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,340 Words)

Cognitive psychologists and neuroscience researchers have proposed theories that explain why people forget, distort, or repress memories. From a historical perspective, Freud's contributions on the topic of memory offered insights into the concept of forgetfulness and repression (Knafo, 2009). According to Knafo, forgetfulness stems from intentionally repressing unwanted memories to avoid emotional distress. Even though forgetfulness may be intentional, unintentional forgetting of memories is frustrating. Forgetfulness can ...

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Similarities And Differences Between Concepts Of Compliance Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,450 Words)

Compliance, obedience and conformity are the three forms of social influences processes which can affect the way an individual behaviour in a social setting, all the way from following fashions and unwritten social norms, to committing immoral acts just because the individual was ordered to do so by someone with an authority position. Compliance is when an individual gave in to an expressed request from another person ...

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Relationship between Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,071 Words)

The aim of the present study was to find out relationship between motivation at work and job satisfaction. Based on literature review following hypotheses were formulated 1) There will be positive relationship between work motivation and job satisfaction, and 2) There would be a gender difference on the variable of work motivation and job satisfaction. To asses job satisfaction, "Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS; Spector, 1997)", and for ...

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Psychological Techniques Of Persuasion In Sport Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,240 Words)

The European Federation of Sport Psychology defined sports psychology as the study of psychological processes, effects and basis on sports (Jarvis 1999, p.1). A sport in this description encompasses all physical activities that are engaged in for completion, education, recreation or health. Psychology is in essence a science of behavior and mind. Sports psychology is a broad term which the American sport psychologist has divided into two ...

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Adolescence Is The Period Of Development Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,711 Words)

Physically adolescents go through numerous changes, with rapid increases in both height and weight. As well as muscle development in boys. Adolescence is also the time when puberty begins. The development of secondary sex characteristics including growth of pubic hair, spermarche, voice changes, growth of underarm and facial hair, increased production of oil, increased sweat gland activity, and the beginning of acne (Ruffin, 2009). Cognitively adolescents begin ...

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Substance Abuse And Addiction Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

18 Pages (6,946 Words)

To gather information on substance abuse and addiction, a literature review was conducted of online informational sources, including federal agencies, and numerous electronic databases for scholarly articles including (CINAHL, PubMed, Medscape, and Medline) published between 1999 and 2012. Categorical search terms employed included addiction, substance abuse, opioids, alcohol, prescription drugs, impaired nurse, cost of drug use, treatment of drugs use, and others. The U.S. Department of Health ...

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Psychodynamic and humanistic

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,026 Words)

This approach is based on the premise that human behaviour and relationships are shaped by conscious and unconscious influences. Psychological forces that underlie human behaviour, emphasizing between unconscious and conscious motivation in which the early life experience is influential and there are stages for the full developed personality which includes Id (we are born with Id and is an important part of our personality as a newborn ...

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Features of social psychological theories

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,692 Words)

The Attribution Theory looks at how people try to explain the behaviour of others. Behaviour is divided into internal and external factors, an internal attribution is made by looking at a person's characteristics, such as intelligence or personality, external attribution is made when looking at factors outside the person's control, such as bad luck or peer pressure (Heider, 1958). The correspondent inference theory describes that an attribution ...

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A Study To Define Parenting And Parenting Styles

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

14 Pages (5,248 Words)

The phenomenon of parenting is common to all cultures of world. Different aspects of parenting are considered universally important. For example, parents must nurture and should provide facilities regarding the healthy physical development as well as the basic survival needs of their children (Bornstein, 1995). Furthermore, certain aspects of parental behavior like warmth and acceptance have been found to be linked with, and predictive of, childs normal ...

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Development Of Autobiographical Memory Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,316 Words)

Three Forms of Social Interaction in Early Life and the Development, Organisation and Maintenance of Autobiographical Memory. Autobiographical memories are those enduring memories of events and personal experiences which are drawn from in the construction of an individual's life story. The personal and social meanings attached to those memories provide us and those we relate our story to, with a sense of how we became who we ...

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The Obedience To Authority Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,803 Words)

Milgram wanted to know what there was in the human nature that allows them to act without any restraints whatsoever, allowing them act so harshly and in no way limited by the feelings of compassion, love. He therefore then carried out study in 1963 to explain the extent to which people obey to a person in authority. [1] Aims; The aim of Milgram's study was to examine ...

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The case study is a descriptive qualitative methodology

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,186 Words)

The case study is a descriptive qualitative methodology that is used as a tool to study something specific in a complex phenomenon. The "event" is understood as an integrated system in operation, why it requires an analysis that gets interpret and reconstruct the system. The case study is the comprehensive study of one or very few research subjects, allowing obtaining a broad and detailed knowledge of the ...

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Case Study: Annotated Bibliography

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,160 Words)

This book speaks about the effects of family, school and culture on the social, emotional and personality development of children. It addresses the topic of social and emotional development and the impact the parenting styles have on it. Additionally, it focuses on the effect of development and family influences on the topic. Jannette B. Benson and Marshall M. Hiath both have a Doctorate in Philosophy and have ...

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Self Concept Theory Of Career Development Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,545 Words)

Super (1990), self-concept is a product of difficult interactions among a number ofÂ factors, including physical and mental growth, personal experiences, as well as environmental uniqueness and stimulation. (Herr, 1997; Savickas, 2002) Super's theory has calledÂ for a stronger emphasis on the effect of social context as well as the reciprocal influenceÂ among the individuals and the surroundings. Building on super's idea that (SCT) was essentially a personal construct theory, ...

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Autism from Theories to learning

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,925 Words)

Since it first identified as a distinct disorder by Leo Kanner (1943), autism studies continued in order to explain its causes. Many theories and clinical studies evolved. However, none of them seems to be conclusive. Although it was interchangeably considered as part of schizophrenia, recently it is defined as a distinct disorder that has its own characteristics. The field of management is still challenging. In this paper, ...

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Importance of understanding personality in psychology

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,216 Words)

In the field of psychology it is most important to understand the personality of an individual. Personality helps sum up the values, actions, perceptions and behaviour, these can differ from person to person. There are a number of theories that are being used to understand people and have been around for many years, the five Psychological concepts used are Behaviourist, Humanistic, Cognitive, Psychodynamic and the Biological psychology. ...

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A study on visual object recognition system

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,067 Words)

Visual object recognition is crucial for our ability to interact with the environment and for our survival. It is not surprising then, that a large percentage of the cortex, extending from the occipital lobe to the parietal and temporal lobes, is devoted to visual processing. The 'ventral stream' pathway (also known as the 'what' pathway) is responsible for object identification (and is the focus on this article) ...

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Study on the titchener versus munsterberg saga

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

17 Pages (6,503 Words)

The Titchener versus Munsterberg saga was basically the personification of the battle between two systems; structuralism and behaviorism for supremacy with respect to the focus and the direction of the psychology. A system in its simplest form is an organized way of envisioning the world or some aspect of the world (Edward Tichener's, 2008). For Psychology, the theoretical system provides a broad definition of psychology and defines ...

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Is OCD Caused by Genetic or Environmental Factors

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,636 Words)

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) affects about 1-2% of the general population and is classified, based on the DSM IV, as an anxiety disorder (Leckman et al., 2010). According to Leckman et al. (2010), obsession is an attempt to suppress or neutralize persistent images and thoughts that may cause anxiety, by means of performing other actions such as compulsions. Compulsions are repetitive behaviours or mental acts that serve as ...

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Chronic Lyme Disease And Stress Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,122 Words)

This paper examines the infectious disease known as Lyme disease in its chronic stage and the effects on the body when dealing with the stress of living with chronic illness. I have reviewed and analyzed a number of different pieces of literature and studies on the relationship between stress and living with chronic illness, with a particular focus on Chronic Lyme Disease and its devastating effects on ...

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Cognative behavioral therapy and homework assignments

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,172 Words)

Practitioners encourage clients to complete between session tasks to help apply behavioural or cognitive, beneficially into their everyday lives. Homework assignments are completed out of session and often require the client to complete a list of cognitive distortions and record their dysfunctional thoughts. This will allow for clients to highlight their thought patterns, emotions and physiological sensations (Kazantzis & Daniel, 2009). Homework assignments provide the client with ...

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The Science Of Artificial Neural Networks Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,476 Words)

The science of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), commonly referred as Neural Networks, stills a new and promising area of research. The concept of creation of neural networks exists for many decades. Nevertheless neural networks have become known and have been developed in international levels only in the recent years. It is noteworthy, scientist showing interest in neural networks, come from different scientific areas such as chemistry, medicine, ...

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Cognitive behavioural therapy treatment for severe depression

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,051 Words)

The essay starts with a short definition of the term depression and continues with an abstract about the main basics of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for the treatment of depression. The focus is on CBT as it is practised according to Aaron Beck. Due to the shortness of the essay I decided to focus on Beck, rather than on the behavioural approach of Albert Ellis, although Ellis contributed ...

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Compare and contrast the theories

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,590 Words)

Part I 1. Compare and contrast the theories and basic treatment models of Albert Ellis and Aaron T. Beck. Include a discussion of the structure, theoretical/philosophical positions, therapist activity, demands on the client, and empirical support. Albert Ellis's basic treatment model is rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT). The theoretical basis of Ellis's model is that individuals routinely cope with life issues by reconstructing their beliefs, affect, and ...

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Internal And External Sources Of Individual Pressure Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,715 Words)

The purpose of this literature review was to highlight internal and external sources of individual pressure and stress, and recognise potential strategies to overcome these issues from a coaches point of view. The process of identifying areas of improvements, within an athlete performance, using a variation of specifically designed assessment tools, formed the foundation of advancing my depth of knowledge and understanding regarding the particular issues. Initial ...

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Excessive Internet Usage And Symptoms Of Depression Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,946 Words)

The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between excessive internet usage and symptoms of depression in university students. Sample size is 300 university students of Karachi. Internet Addiction Test (IAT) by Dr. Kimberly S. Young is the scale used to measure the internet usage and level of depression is measured using the Depression Test (Revised) by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies. Participants will be ...

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Definition of lifespan development or lifespan psychology

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,174 Words)

The definition of 'lifespan development' or 'lifespan psychology' is implicit in the term itself. Lifespan developmental psychology or lifespan psychology deals with the study of individual development from conception into old age (Baltes et al 1980). This definition implies the notion that an individual progresses through various developmental stages or phases throughout his or her lifetime. The theories that present the development of an individual in stages ...

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Theoretical Principles Of Motivation In Coaching Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,001 Words)

Coaching is a multi- disciplinary science, enabling the production of a strategy to enhance performance through co-ordinating contributing factors effectively. The coach is required to develop an athlete's physical, technical and tactical skills. They should be able to enhance an individual's psychological and theoretical knowledge of a particular sport. As suggested by Bompa (1994), the optimisation of these factors is important to an athlete's readiness for competition. ...

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Understanding Physical And Verbal Bullying Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,619 Words)

Bullying is an abusive way to show one person's power over another person. "For instance, although we may agree that bullying is oppressive behavior - and not to be tolerated - to one person some observed behavior may seem downright oppressive; to another the same behavior may seem merited or justified, and not bullying at all" (Rigby, 21). This review of literature will concentrate why people bully ...

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Historical Perspectives Of Abnormal Psychology Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (849 Words)

Abnormal psychology is an integral part of psychology. It studies abnormal behavior, makes attempts to understand the abnormal and then take appropriate measures in order to change it. The concept of abnormal behavior changed in the course of time from individual to individual, from culture to culture. Today the meaning of "abnormal" is connected with mental disorders. Abnormal psychology is aimed to help people who cannot adapt ...

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Nervous System, Parkinsons Disease.

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,591 Words)

The central nervous system consists of two parts, the brain and the spinal cord. The central nervous system sends impulses throughout the body and coordinates the activity of all body parts. It contains of millions of nerve cells, axons, and dendrites. Nerve cells are cells in the nervous system that transfer electrochemical signaling, The axons are the primary transmission lines of the nervous system. Secondary System: The ...

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What Is Meant By Personality Dynamics Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,056 Words)

Every person is unique not merely, because people are genetically different. On the contrary, identical twins have the same DNA. However, despite the similarity, the twins will still be two different persons. This implies that there are certain qualities that set a person apart from the others. Theoretically, this will involve the manner of nurturance or upbringing. Nonetheless, this does not account on the divergence among different ...

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The Perception of Pain in Phantom Limbs

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,635 Words)

Phantom limbs are the human perception of limbs that are absent in the human body. This can occur through the removal of a limb, being born missing limb/s, or through severance of the spinal cord. The perception of pain in phantom limbs is commonly reported (Melzack 1992). Among patients, there is variation in the pain reported in regard to severity and duration (Woodhouse 2005). There have been ...

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Overcoming A Social Phobia Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (894 Words)

Social anxiety disorder also known as social phobia, is a psychological anxiety disorder in which people have a strong irrational fear of interaction, or being in situations that may cause one to be judged, because one feels overly burden about being embarrassed or criticized. A scale-based questionnaire is able to diagnose those with social phobia as many tend to confuse social phobia with shyness or introversion. Every ...

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Why People Continue To Binge Drink Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,077 Words)

Binge drinking is defined by the NHS (2011) as the consumption of "eight or more units in a single session for men and six or more for women". It has been argued to have negative effects upon the health of individuals as well as negative effects upon society, such as causing accidents, unsafe sex and violence (Norman, Bennett and Lewis, 1998). The behaviour of binge drinking shows ...

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The Definition And Determinants Of Personality Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,105 Words)

Better operation of organizations associate with different individuals, how they work and performance can influence the running of organization. Because different individuals have their own knowledge, experience, perception, skill and characteristic that just as the important resources to the organization. There are many notions of personality from different literatures; however there is no specific one to define it. According to IAN BROOKS, personality refers to specific attributes ...

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Discuss The Differences Between Quantitative And Qualitative Research Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,082 Words)

This essay discusses two common research approaches, qualitative and quantitative, along with the various research designs commonly used when conducting research within the framework of each approach. As we can say that quantitative research is the process of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and writing the results of a study, while qualitative research is the approach to data collection, analysis, and report writing differing from the traditional, quantitative approaches. ...

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Music And The Brain Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,871 Words)

According to the essayist Thomas Carlyle, music can be known as the speech of the angels. Rhythm also can be known as music, it is a measured pattern of our time and it is also the glue that sticks our life together. Music has the ability to ease a savage beast, it is been discovered, by researchers that these charms work through the brain. Music is a ...

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Together with the supporting theories of Biederman

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,334 Words)

Human beings have the abilities to perceive things round them, in terms of visual perception. Different people can in reality see the perception shift from the retina to the visual pathway in their mind. People, who are not picture thinkers, may not automatically perceive the shape-shifting as their world changes. When objects are viewed without understanding the mind will try to reach for something that it already ...

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Role of Biopsychosocial Factors in Health and Illness

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,350 Words)

A person's health cannot solely be viewed from a biological perspective: psychological, social, and contributing environmental factors also affect a person's life (Bernard & Krupat, 1994). The premise that these subsystems are layered within each other and inextricably connected has resulted in a new way to look at health and illness. Health is traditionally equated to the absence of disease. It is a biomedical model based exclusively ...

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Nature vs. Nurture

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,797 Words)

Introduction Intelligence is a very common subject in psychology but as common as it is, there is no complete way of defining intelligence in it's constitute. Some psychologists have suggested that intelligence is an ability that is general as well as single. Others have come to believe that intelligence is made up of different skills, aptitudes as well as talents. There are many theories that have been ...

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Effects Of Heavy And Soft Music Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,921 Words)

Music has always had affects on human emotion. Music can make anyone feel anything. However, music might have a hidden effect. This is referring to the human cardiopulmonary system. Heart rate is the amount of times the heart pumps blood in one minute. Blood pressure is how hard the blood is pumped through arteries. This is important because one way to gauge a person's health is to ...

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observing smoking reducing stress and anxiety

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,839 Words)

To observe either smoking reduces stress and anxiety. Like mostly smokers said that when they are under stress or anxiety and they smoke a cigarette then their stress relieved and they feel fresh and relaxed. In my research I would like to find either this is true or not. To observe person's psychological condition with smoking habit. In many studies it is shown that smoking habbit is ...

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The History Of Behaviorism Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,713 Words)

Today the most commonly studied field of psychology is behaviorism. Behaviorism is the school of psychology where the goal is the prediction and control of behavior. Behaviorism today is a result of its philosophical roots and the work of major theorists. Three major theorists who contributed to behaviorism are John B. Watson, Edward Chace Tolman, and B.F. Skinner. Prior to behaviorism, objective psychology was the main area ...

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Personality And Intelligence Concepts Are Closely Related Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,847 Words)

Personality and intelligence concepts are closely related. Personality describes a set of character traits that are measurable, and it is the supreme of the inmate psychology of a living being (Carver and Scheier, 2000). Intelligence on the other hand, is one of supporting elements of personality, and it supports components of personality thus sometimes considered part of the personality. It is not easy to define personality. Personality ...

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Cognitive processes that shape the perception of stress

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,324 Words)

Stress may be conceived as an array of neurological and physiological responses that performs an adaptive purpose (Bernard & Krupat, 1994). Research into stress has been dominated by the body's reaction to stress and the cognitive processes that shape the perception of stress. Socio-cultural influences of stress are also relevant. This essay presents three theories of stress: a systemic theory, a transactional theory, and a conservation of ...

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The Influence of Media Violence on Children

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,744 Words)

The effect of media violence on children has caused a lot of debate in the past years. As expected several research were found to either prove that media violence has a negative effect on children or not. Numerous scholarly articles were acquired in this research because this topic has caused a lot of debate in the past as it concerns all ages from children to adults. For ...

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Are Piaget and Montessori constructivist theorists

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,163 Words)

Among other specific theories of knowledge acquisition (like empiricism, rationalism), which aim to describe how learning happens, constructivism theories are a group of theories that believe that individuals generate knowledge in result of interaction between their experiences and their thoughts. (If we speak about very first stages of child's development, then it would be interaction between experiences and behavior patterns). Jean Piaget was basically the first to ...

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The Multi Store Model And The Reconstructive Model Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,515 Words)

In this essay there are two memory models what are compared. The memory models are the 'Multi Store Model' and the 'Reconstructive Model'. It shows how the models work, some studies which have been done experimenting the model, advantages and disadvantages to the models. The multi store model is a theory by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968). They say that memory uses a number of different processes and ...

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Cyberbullying A 21st Century Social Dilemma Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

15 Pages (5,609 Words)

The recent and ever expanding use of technological devices in the daily lives of children and adolescents' has led to the development of new bullying behaviors dubbed electronic bullying, or cyberbullying. In 2008, over 66% of school age children reported having internet access from their bedroom; today almost 83% have access, and this figure will likely continue to rise (ChildrenOnline, 2008). Increased access to the internet and ...

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Career Autobiography And Critical Analysis Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,279 Words)

The focus of this paper will be to attempt to critically both compare and contrast Hollands Theory of Vocational Personalities in the Work Environment and Super's Self-concept Theory Both theories seem to have their roots to some extent in personality theory exemplified by the work of Holland, whereas Super's theory is based on developmental psychology. The main thrust of both of the theories seems to be concerned ...

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Are Some Emotions Expressed Faster Than Others Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,890 Words)

There have been many studies investigating whether some emotions expressed in the face are detected quicker than others. Many believe negative emotions such as anger would be detected quicker than positive emotions such as happiness as negative emotions suggest something disrupting the environment which could cause a threat to the person perceiving the emotions. Most of the research has focussed on anger and happiness, with some research ...

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Case formulation on agoraphobia and social phobia

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,157 Words)

Jim is a 37 year old man who is suffering from various problems, such as anxiety, depression and poor sleep. He is also living alone in his apartment but has two daughters who live away from home. He has been working in a factory but is off long term because of his anxiety and depression. His current problems include thoughts of harming himself and worrying. When he ...

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Personality in operant conditioning and social cognitive learning

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,583 Words)

B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) and Albert Bandura (b. 1925) play an important role in the field of learning in psychology, their theory are useful to understand one's behavior, The theory that developed by Skinner is operant conditioning, and Bandura developed the theory of social learning theory. Even though both theories are focused on behavior of an individual, they hold a different view on person and their theory are ...

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A case study of authoritarian parenting

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,471 Words)

From all the lines of the passage, clearly Sammy was raised under authoritarian parenting style. Authoritarian parents are adult-centered, demanding and punitive which based on their authority and power. This conclusion can be drawn from the scenario that Sammy's parents had high expectations on her academic performance and let her further her study. Moreover, authoritarian parents would set straight standards of behavior and allowed little open dialogue. ...

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Garden Path Model And The Constraint Based Model

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,926 Words)

Theories into sentence processing can be viewed from two main accounts; a modular account or an interactive account. Garden path model proposed by Fraizer and Rayner (1982) supports the modular account, arguing sentence processing involves the analysis of each individual unit or module of a sentence, with little or no feedback, thus inhibiting correction. Whereas an interactive account supported by the constraint based theory, (McDonald, 1994) argues ...

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The validity of the polygraph in detecting deception

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,126 Words)

This essay will discuss the evidence for and against the effectiveness of polygraph machines or 'lie detectors' in detecting deception. The most common polygraph technique used is the Question Test (CQT; Reid, 1947) were the subject is hooked up to a machine that detect the bodies' physiological processes in regards to attention, emotion and many others that fluctuate when lying. [1] Some behaviour that have been linked to lying ...

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Analytical Comparison And Contrast Of Behaviorism And Humanism

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,937 Words)

Behaviorism is widely discussed in psychology classes among America. Children are introduced to the works of Watson, Skinner and even Pavlov at an early age. Although they may not understand it, it is taught. Behaviorist John Watson, who has been acclaimed as the father of behaviorism, set out to change the narrow focus of psychology. He was not keen on the idea that environment shaped the human ...

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Research on the eight stage psychosocial developmental process

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,612 Words)

Human development can be defined as "systematic changes and continuities in the individual that occur between conception and death" (Sigelman & Rider, 2009, p. 2). The systematic changes which occur over the lifespan can be classified into three groups, namely physical development, cognitive development and psychosocial development. Physical and cognitive development involves growth of the body, physiological systems, changes in perception and other mental process. "Psychosocial development ...

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Study on the Unexplainable Diagnosis Kleptomania

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,878 Words)

From a young age, we are taught to play nice, share with others, and not take possessions that don't belong to ourselves. As we get older, we learn self-control, earning our keep, and protect our valuables from others. However, for some the moralistic guidelines, fear, embarrassment and guilt are not enough to prevent stealing from occurring daily. The news is constantly broadcasting crimes of shoplifting, burglary, larceny, ...

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A Study on Self Esteem and its Implications

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,626 Words)

In psychology, self-esteem reflects a person's overall self-appraisal of their own worth. 1. The original definition (byÂ William James)presents self-esteem as a ratio found by dividing one's successes in areas of life of importance to a given individual by the failures in them or one's "success / pretensions". 2. Morris RosenbergÂ and social-learning theorists defined self-esteem in terms of a stable sense of personal worth or worthiness, measurable by ...

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Mental Disease Genetics Of Schizophrenia Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,489 Words)

An introduction to Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disease, group of psychotic disorders that interfere with thinking and responsiveness. It is a disease of the brain, like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. A person with schizophrenia has deteriorated occupational, interpersonal, and self-supportive abilities. Schizophrenia is known as one of the most disabling and emotionally devastating illness among mankind. But this disease has been misunderstood for so long that ...

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Differences Between Trait And Psychodynamic Theories Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,012 Words)

Personality theories concentrate on how traits are developed and how behaviour is generated. Personality traits are durable dispositions of behaviour that occur across a variety of situations. They are like tendencies; a person's predisposition to react in a certain way in various different situations. Trait theories focus on indentifying the characteristics we possess and the degree to which we possess them. However trait theories are starting to ...

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The Most Important Senses In The Human Body Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,162 Words)

One of the most important senses in the human body is vision, which is the primary source of processing external information. Adequate visual skills are necessary for tasks such as reading and writing (Du Toit et al., 2011). The visual skills that are most often researched and worked within sporting environments and performance contexts are eye dominance, static visual acuity, saccadic movements, pursuit tracking, vergence (the ability ...

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The Nature Versus Nurture Debate Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,393 Words)

The present studies have come to conclude that nature and nurture are inextricable. Both nature and nurture a reciprocal complement to do all the work of determining development. It is extremely unlikely that there are no human being without genetic material to shape the growth and cell differentiation before conception. This means that genetic effects are not only pervasive but necessary. However, it is hard to describe ...

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Effective behavioral and cognitive techniques for managing stress

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,900 Words)

Stress management can be achieved through both cognitive and behavioral techniques. Biofeedback is a cognitive therapy, it has four types of treatment such as electromyogram (EMG), temperature biofeedback, galvanic skin response training, and electroencephalogram (EEG). Relaxation training includes deep breathing, deep muscle relaxation, quieting imagery, hypnosis, and gentle stretch and exercise. Other techniques used are such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, meditation, mindfulness, yoga, cognitive restructuring and music therapy. ...

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Short Research Proposal On Fear Of Crime

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,443 Words)

In this short research proposal, I will critically analyse and justify the reasons why I have chosen to use in depth interviews compared to other qualitative methods in order to research fear of crime among young men aged between 18-25 in inner London. My primary objective is to find out to what extent do young men aged 18-25 living in inner London fear crime. Altogether there are ...

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Ruminating about depression: thinking thought theory and evidence

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,346 Words)

The literature review will be looking at the nature of depression and rumination and outline two prominent theories relating them in discussion today, the S-REF model (Wells & Matthews, 1996) and the response styles theory (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991). Physiological and experimental evidence of the relationship between rumination and depression will be outlined, including evidence that looks at additional factors such as social problem solving and alcohol use. This ...

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The History Of The Level Of Materialism Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

26 Pages (10,363 Words)

Concerns over the rising level of materialism in adolescents and children are increasing among parents, social scientists and educators. In a recent national survey, 88% of respondents spoke that American are too materialistic, 93 % spoke that Americans were too focused on making money and working and 87% spoke that consumer culture makes it too difficult to infuse positive values in American children (Van Boven, Campbell, & ...

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The Cognition Concept And The Abstract Concepts Psychology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,073 Words)

In the field of psychology, the cognition concept is strongly linked to the abstract concepts; for instance, mind as well as intelligence. Cognitive measures are utilized in the determination of an individual's cognitive function level. Basically, cognitive function is the term applied to refer to the ability of a certain individual to process internal thoughts. Cognition is mostly utilized to make to reference mental processes (judgment), intelligent ...

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Experiment to investigate the baby face effect

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,845 Words)

This study was conducted to investigate whether our impressions of others rely on their facial characteristics. It is a replication of the Berry and Zebrowitz-Mc Arthur (1988a) study in which it was supported that people who have baby face features give the impression that they are incompetent of deceiving, or of committing crimes on purpose, whilst people with mature face features influence our judgement negatively in cases ...

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