Phenomenon of change blindness

23 Mar 2015 03 May 2017

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The phenomenon of change blindness refers to the extensive finding that people often fail to detect large changes in an object or visual scene. (Rensink, O'Regan & Clark, 1997; Simons & Levin, 1997; Simons and Rensink, 2005). Such a phenomenon has generated a great deal of interest within the discipline of psychology, resulting in a considerable amount of research being conducted in this subject area. Moreover, this ...

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Consequences of child abuse and neglect

23 Mar 2015 03 May 2017

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Introduction Child abuse and neglect are an unfortunate reality for many children in our community. The past thirty years have witnessed a growth in our awareness of and attention to the problems faced by children exposed to violence in their homes. The consequences of maltreatment can be devastating. For over 30 years, clinicians have described the effects of child abuse and neglect on the physical, psychological, cognitive, ...

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Strengths and weaknesses of biopsychology research

23 Mar 2015 03 May 2017

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Biopsychology In order to understand something it is important to know the history and have a definition. Biological psychology has been dated to Avicenna (980-1037 C.E.), a physician who recognized physiological psychology in the treatment of illnesses and linked the physical and psychological together. Behavioral neuroscience, also known as biological psychology (Breedlove, Rosenzweig & Watson, 2007), biopsychology (Pinel, 2009), or psychobiology (Dewsbury, 1991) is the application of ...

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Gender Differences In Verbal Working Memory

23 Mar 2015 03 May 2017

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In his book the physiology of behavior Carlson (2005) defines learning as the process by which experiences change our nervous system and hence our behavior, he referred to these changes as memories. Carlson identified two systems of memory, short term memory and long term memory Short term memory is the system in the brain that enables individuals to store limited amounts of information or events for a ...

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Person centered therapy and Gestalt Therapy

23 Mar 2015 03 May 2017

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"The first time I had to purchase psych meds, I was in my small home town. The pharmacist came outside warning me to buy the pills in the next town, or people would be gossiping behind my back in a nasty way. He meant well, but I was floored. I was diagnosed bipolar one 25 years ago, and I just can't see the stigma lessening. I think ...

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Factors Affect University Students Alcohol Consumption

23 Mar 2015 03 May 2017

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Drinking alcohol can have some positive effects associated with it. For example, the social aspect of drinking alcohol and the relaxed and confident feelings that complement it shows an optimistic side to what is primarily seen as a negative habit. Bot, Engels and Knibbe (2005) found that young adults expected positive and arousing effects when consuming alcohol. Furthermore, research by Reich, Ariel, Darkes and Goldman (2012) has ...

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Ethological Principles In The Study Of Animal Behaviour

23 Mar 2015 03 May 2017

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Today, the study of animal behaviour is as far reaching as it was for our hominin ancestors who must have had some sense of understanding of animal behaviour while navigating through ancestral African environments. The effects of behavioural research on contemporary civilizations contributes to many aspects of human social and medical research, as well as impacts topics in conservation, habitat/resource sustainability, food production, and population dynamics. Over ...

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The Developmental Psychopathology Approach To ADHD

23 Mar 2015 03 May 2017

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Developmental psychopathology is a complex approach to studying childhood problems and atypical development, in the context of human development. There are many issues in defining and classifying abnormality, such as different levels of intensity of the problem. It is possible the child could outgrow the symptoms, this could be a phase the child is going through, for example being in a new environment as this can affect ...

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The Psychology Of Facing Death

23 Mar 2015 03 May 2017

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I'm sorry to say this, but you have only a few more weeks to live.” Most of the time, when people get sick, their biggest fear would be to hear these exact words coming out of the doctor's mouth, directed towards them. People often feel great fear stirring within them once they are reminded of their mortality. “So, what now?” they might ask, not knowing what follows ...

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Details of child and context of the observation

23 Mar 2015 03 May 2017

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We would suggest that, prior to any action; social workers need to be capable of taking an observational stance to give themselves the possibility of objectivity in coming to their conclusions. The observational stance requires them to be aware of the environment, the verbal and non-verbal interaction; to be aware of their own responses as a source of invaluable data, provided they are aware of what comes ...

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Change Their Health Behaviours

23 Mar 2015 03 May 2017

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Health psychology does recognise the importance of looking at behaviour change models and it also recognises that half of premature deaths in developed countries are caused by specific risk factors. These include; smoking/tobacco use, alcohol abuse, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary habits, unsafe sexual practices, non adherence to effective medication regimes and to screening programs. The impact of these risk behaviours on health is of such magnitude that ...

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Marrs theory and a complete account of perception

23 Mar 2015 03 May 2017

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Visual perception plays great importance in peoples everyday lives. It is an interpretation of what humans and animals take in trough their senses. Perception helps us to interact with people, to play a sport, to judge a situation and mostly having accurate visual perception helps humans and animals to survive by being able to react to outside stimuli. Perception happens so effortlessly that it is hard to ...

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Increasingly Becoming More Health Conscious

23 Mar 2015 03 May 2017

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Society today is increasingly becoming more health conscious with the ever growing obesity rates and widespread awareness of the health implications resulting from being overweight. In 2010 it was stated that 26% of the UK were classified as obese and 62.8% of people over the age of 16 were overweight (HSCIC, 2012a)(Department of health, 2012). Updated figures are forecasted to be higher than this and are being ...

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Men and Midlife Crisis: Coping With Trauma, Causes and Treatment

23 Mar 2015 03 May 2017

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Introduction The debate on "mid-life crisis" is hot and unending, no individual in a relationship likes to here of this "jargon". There are different opinions as to what the term "Mid-life-crisis" stands for, when it begins, its causes and how to better handle it. Many however agree that "mid-life-crisis" is a "normal developmental phase" in one's life. This generally means that we all/or will experience it-both men ...

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Theories About Emotional Intelligence

23 Mar 2015 03 May 2017

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Among all the theories about emotional intelligence, those proposed by Mayer and Salovey and Petrides have generated the most interest in terms of research and application. Each of their theoretical paradigms conceptualise Emotional Intelligence (EI) from one of two perspectives: as a form of pure intelligence consisting of cognitive ability only (Mayer & Salovey, 1990), or as a group of personality traits (Petrides & Furnham, 2001). The ...

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Mass Communication Research Principles And Process

23 Mar 2015 03 May 2017

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With the mass media spreading its wings wider and wider and growing widely, research in this field is also getting immensely popular. Whole world rests on process of communication and mass communication with the growth of technology has shown an immense growth all over the world. From nautanki to street plays to print media like books, newspapers, magazines and electronic media like radio and T.V. have shown ...

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Rescorla Wagner Learning

23 Mar 2015 03 May 2017

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Rescorla Wagner Learning Critically evaluate the contributions of the Rescorla-Wagner model to our understanding of associative learning. The Rescorla-Wagner model is widely regarded as the most influential and groundbreaking theory of associative learning, providing a clear mathematical solution to the complex phenomena of classical conditioning. Early theories on classical conditioning for many years subscribed themselves to Pavlov’s (1927, as cited in Gross 1994) simple explanation to of ...

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Effects of testing distance on visual acuity measures

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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Visual Acuity is one of the most important baseline examinations of any ophthalmic investigation; however the method of carrying out this test varies between clinicians from chart type to distance of testing. There is limited evidence available correlating the results of measurements between these distances. This student will establish a comparison of Visual Acuity (VA) measurements at 3 meters and at 6 meters. It will also examine ...

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Hate and prejudice is not inevitable

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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Prejudice can come in different types. It can come about on biases such as gender and race. Even people of the same background can experience prejudice because of their economic and social status. Everyone experiences prejudice so it cannot be avoidable but it can be reduced (Sandhu & Brown, 1996). Prejudice is negative feelings towards someone or something without knowing the facts about that person or thing ...

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Different parenting styles and child rearing

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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Since 1930, scientists have been concerned with questions like "What is the best way to educate children?" and "What are the consequences that may be caused in the development of children raised by different parenting styles?" (Darling and Steinberg,1993). During the early 1960s, psychologist Diana Baumrind conducted a study on more than 100 preschool-age children (Baumrind, 1967). Using naturalistic observation, parental interviews and other research methods, she ...

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Impact Of Parenting Styles On Adolescent Emotional Maturity

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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A large proportion of adolescents suffer different maladaptive problems such as depression, suicidal attempts aggressiveness and antisocial behavior, and drug abuse. There is a clear and well established relationship between parental behaviors and their children's childhood and early adolescence behaviour patterns. Adolescence is characterized by innumerable and unique problems. Family, which plays an important role in the personality development of adolescents, is undergoing structural, emotional and interactional ...

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Effects of physical punishment on moral development

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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Disciplinary incidents are central to moral development because disciplinary practices assist to inculcate moral standards and values that form the basis for self-controlled behaviour and in the process resolve the salient conflicts between self and societal interests within the child (Brody & Shaffer, 1982; Hoffman, 1983). Amongst the various disciplinary methods, physical punishment is widely practised across different cultures and countries. The present study focuses on non-abusive ...

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Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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3.1 Introduction This section describes the methods used in carrying out this research. Methodology is an overall approach to research process, from theoretical underpinning to the collection of data (Collis and Hussey, 2003). This section informs the reader of research design, whether it is explanatory, descriptive or he exploratory, and why a particular design is design is chosen. It informs the reader about the primary and secondary ...

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A sociological perspective on ADHD

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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in educational and specialization communication. According to Ideus this is not only due to the politicisation and medicalisation of the condition, but also due to the current cultural respect to medical and psychiatric subjects. She argues that more and more popular belief is polarised in the United States by the advocacy groups and the media into ADHD group and ADHD sceptics. She argues that it is not ...

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What Is Mental Toughness?

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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In recent years, professional sport has progressively become more business-like with an emphasis on efficiency, effectiveness and winning. This has resulted in greater scrutiny and analysis of player performances in the media and by coaching staff, consequentially leading to an increased use of sports psychology by teams and individuals (Golby & Sheard, 2004; Bull, Shambrook, James & Brooks, 2005). Mental toughness is widely regarded as an important ...

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The Need for Affiliation

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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Previous research findings have concluded that human beings have a need to affiliate themselves with their peers, especially in stressful situations. An experiment conducted by Schachter (1959) assumed that when faced with a particularly difficult stressor we seek the company of those individuals that are in the same predicament as ourselves. This paper seeks to analyze the theory behind the need for affiliation and to thwart the ...

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Psychometric study of academic self efficacy scale

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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The development of Malaysia industries, infrastructures and ensuring the general well being of the country by Malaysian engineers cannot be underestimated. A new of engineering education model have been introduced to develop the interpersonal skills deal with public effectively as well as the technically competent ( Johari, 2002). In order to develop the interpersonal skills among Malaysia future engineers, a research in psychology well being have to ...

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Imprinting And Human Attachment Behaviours

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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Konrad Lorenz, an Austrian ethologist (a scientist who studies animals en their natural environment) was one of the first to study this aspect of animal behaviour. Imprinting refers to an inbuilt tendency for a young animal to follow a moving object qith it forms an attachment. Lorenz conducted his original observations with greylag goslings who were reared from the egg by human keepers and did not mix ...

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Diagnostic And Therapeutic Use Of Prisms

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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The study aims to investigate the present use of prisms in ophthalmic settings in patients with binocular vision problems for diagnostic and therapeutic use. The study will also investigate other methods of correction (i.e. surgical and nonsurgical) and diagnosis. 1. Introduction Prisms are normally grounded and polished transparent materials shaped geometrically and optically. Usually materials include glass and plastic. In optics, prisms are transparent optical elements that ...

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Psychological research and theory can inform counselling

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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Counsellors need qualities such as genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding along with a good communication, according to Sutton & Stewart (2008). To start a solid trustworthy therapeutic progress, these necessary elements are required for the counsellor to offer best to the clients (Sutton & Stewart, 2008).But a vital ingredient for the enhancement and progress of the client- counsellor relationship is the obligation of the counsellor ...

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The Cheating In Relationships

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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Cheating in relationships is a subject that often times inflicts emotion in those who encounter this situation. Male and female college students can have different outlooks in situations, so what is considered cheating in relationships would make no difference, and those who are from different age groups often times see things differently, with the younger you are the more radically the thinking style with the style being ...

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Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood: Self Regulation

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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The developmental stage of middle childhood promotes many changes to a child's life. At this stage, the majority of children can successful engage with a range of everyday practices that may involve areas pertaining to the use of problem solving skills, decision making and motor movement. Posner & Rothbart (2000) reinforce that during middle childhood the development of a child's independence is forming from their engagement with ...

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Relationship Between Biological Factors And Behavior

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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The methods used to study the brain have evolved significantly over the past century. Brain imaging technologies are used to investigate the relationship between behavior and brain structures. They can be used to diagnose a patient with Alzheimer's, epilepsy or tumors as well as to research into brain localization, causes of behavior and the impact of the environment on the brain. In the early to mid-1900's, psychologists ...

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Why people become attracted to each other

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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Once upon a time, John met Jenny. They fell in love. They married, had children and presumably will live happily ever after. This is a common love story, and leads us to wonder why people become attracted to each other. Is it because they are similar? Research (Byrne, 1971) has shown that people are attracted to those immediately similar to them and this could lead to marriage. ...

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Qualitative research sampling

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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The main difference between quantitative and qualitative research is their method of selecting samples. First, quantitative research is a scientific method using probability sampling while qualitative research is non-probability sampling method. Quantitative sampling is random selection which means every member of population has equal chance of being selected (Del Balso and Lewis 2005). It emphasizes on selecting a large size of samples for generating and ensuring the ...

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The effectiveness of interview process for an employee

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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This paper attempted to find out the Effectiveness of Interview process for an Employee Selection Method. This manuscript reviews the literature in order to summarize, integrate, and evaluate the many ways interviews can be structured. The use of valid selection methods is an important prerequisite for good selection decision making .This review is focused on interview's effectiveness as one of the selection method. From the point of ...

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Human Development: Perspectives and Theories

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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The evolutionary perspective argues that many human behavioural tendencies evolved through biological necessity to help our ancestors survive and reproduce. Psychological processes have evolved through the natural selection of biological traits that helped organisms adapt to their environment. Evolution biologically selects organisms that maximise their reproductive success. The cognitive perspective was not considered as best fit because how we develop cognitively is only one part of the ...

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Stressors And The Causes Of Stress

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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According to the labour force survey and the NIOSH report 40 of employee reported for stressful work environment Stress.org, 2000. Stress has become an unwanted but an integral part of jobs among all organisations. Increased stress level of employees is caused by growing competition. The financial crisis and recession of 2008, made organisations, to look into efficient use of resources and cost cutting, thus going through restructuring, ...

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Color therapy in mental health and well being

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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Color therapy is the use of color in a variety of ways to promote health and healing. The different colors we see in the world around us are the result of the eye perceiving light vibrating at different frequencies. Sunlight, or full-spectrum light, holds all the wavelengths of color in the visible spectrum (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet, and magenta) as well as infrared and ...

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A personalised induction: Always more effective?

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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This essay will discuss the topic 'if a personalised induction is always more effective' and will look at theoretical concepts and techniques. We will be looking at the permissive technique through the work of Erickson and on the opposite end of the scale we will take a look at the use of authoritarian screeds through the work of Hull and Freud, whom were known as more traditional ...

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The PEACE Investigative Interviewing

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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In spite of the establishment of PACE, large number of interviews were informally trained and learnt on the job. This partly explains nation why judges believed some interview behaviour was unsuitable and unacceptable (see chapter 1). Public confidence in the police service was compromised and it was necessary to train its officers in an effort to ameliorate interviewing performance. This perception of police interviewing led to the ...

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Challenges facing mental health problems

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate and access the challenges facing mental health consumers to retain or rebuild a meaningful and valued life. The study was based on looking at mental health statistics, examining current trends in mental health services, treatments, pharmacology, and dual diagnosis management, and rehabilitation, vocational, educational, and transitional services. This paper is based partially on a report that came out ...

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Development and Child Rearing

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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There are many and varied methods of child rearing used, these are based on culture and tradition. However, the idea of corporal punishment as a method of asserting a parents power over the child has been discredited in many countries and other methods have been advocated as being ethically correct and more effective in the long run. Discuss paying attention to different child rearing styles, including methods ...

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Social Cognition And Health Belief Behaviours

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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The definition of health behaviours are, any activity done by a person who believes himself as healthy so that he will prevent himself from disease or find it in the stage when it is asymptomatic (Kasl and Cobb 1966).The health behaviours study based on two premises, in nations who are industrialized the main causes of deaths are some behaviour patterns which can be changeable (Stroebe and Stroebe, ...

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Two Parts to a Double Dissociation

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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"Organisms, at one level, are obviously collections of parallel systems that are potentially independent, although normally interactive." (Weiskrantz, 1990) The argument of separate visual processing streams is a long and turbulent one, which stems largely from Ungerleider and Mishkin's (1982) early work with monkeys. Following this research, Mishkin, Ungerleider, and Macko (1983) suggested two streams of processing. They characterised the ventral stream as the "what" route, used ...

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Case study: Developmental Theories

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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This paper will compare and contrast three developmental theories we have learned about throughout this class: social learning theory, psychoanalytic theory, and the psychosocial theory. Developmental theories are beneficial to understand the behavior of a child, and though some may seem very different, they can share many similarities. These theories help people to understand the advances in childhood and the different stages they occur in. These three ...

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What Is Biological Psychology?

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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Pinel highlights several types of research methods that are used within biological psychology. These include experiments which are used by scientists who want to determine cause and effect and nonexperiments which usually consist of quasiexperiments or case studies. Both human and nonhuman subjects can be used in research and rats, mice and primates are among the most common nonhuman subjects used. Research can also be either pure ...

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Repercussions Of Childhood Trauma

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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`"An estimated 905,000 children were victims of child abuse or neglect in 2006. While physical injuries may or may not be immediately visible, abuse and neglect can have consequences for children, families, and society that last lifetimes, if not generations." (Childwelfare). We are all conceived, born and nurtured. Each individual has to mature, struggling through hardships faced by society. In these instances the world feels dark and ...

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Comparison Of Two Selected Memory Models

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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This essay will look at the study of memory. It will compare two selected memory models those being Atkinson and Shiffrin's multi store model (1968) and Craik and Lockhart's Levels of processing model (1972). It will explain the theory behind each model and compare and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of both. The essay will also include case studies and experiments carried out in conjunction with the ...

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Job design theories since Hackman and Oldham

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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Hackman and Odhams Job Characteristic model (JCM) has been used extensively for many years as a outline to understanding five key characteristics to promote satisfaction and motivation within a work place. These five factors are " skill variety, task identity, task significance autonomy and feedback from the job" (Hackman and Oldham 1976) these characteristics in turn promote psychological states " experience of meaningfulness, experience of outcome responsibility, ...

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Does Music Have Any Effects On The Brain?

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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Music can have a very strong influence; is it strong enough to affect your brain? Music is an art of sound that expresses ideas and emotions through the elements of rhythm, melody, harmony, and colour. The power and influence of music on individuals is a psychological process involving the human ears, body, brain, and nervous system. Besides its pleasing effects to the ears, it has been established ...

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Understanding People With A Intellectual Disability

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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Intellectual disability is a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social and practical adaptive skills before the age of eighteen (Luckasson et al.,2002 p.1). There are three characteristics identifying children with intellectual disabilities; mild, moderate, and severe disabilities. In the mild intellectual disabilities children in second or third grade are not identify until they enter school ...

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Participant Observation And Covert Research

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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While critically evaluating Norris work outlined in the four forms of participant observation, it is essential to understand the key linkage between participant observation and ethnography in the research process. According to Bryman and Bell (2003), concepts of ethnography and participant observation have been difficult to distinguish from each other as both involve extended involvement of the researcher in the social life of his/her research subjects. In ...

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The Relationships Between Identity And Language

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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Identity in its simplest definition is 'who I am'. If a person asked me who I am, definitely what comes into my mind is that this person wants to know your name. Assuming that the same person asking me 'who I am' knows my name, then this person is looking for a more profound identity of the real me. The person wants to know who you are ...

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Research In Individual Differences

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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Decision making is the selection between several options . we make many decisions a day(e.g. when we go to the grocery store and choose a bottle of milk , when we select a tv channel, when we decide what to prepare and eat for breakfast, whether we buy a new DVD player or save the money for our next holiday trip.) most of our decisions might occur ...

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Impact Of Emotional Intelligence On Conflict Management

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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Purpose - This paper aims at exploring the role of emotional intelligence in affecting the conflict management styles used. Design/methodology/approach - A self-administered questionnaire was used to survey 233 employees from several banks. Correlation and regression was used to analyze the results. The findings are discussed in the paper along with some recommendations for managers and researchers. Findings - The results revealed a significantly positive relationship between ...

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Contributions of systemic ideas to psychological therapeutic practice

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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The systemic approach is essentially a contextual approach to therapy. That is it views the presence of illness or dysfunction as being located within the family system rather than in one of its individual members (Asen, 2002). Practitioners use the term systemic rather than family therapy, because being at the receiving end of family therapy can have strong connotations of blame (Asen, 2002). Systemic ideas have led ...

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The effects of stress on police

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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First of all, stress is the body's reaction to internal and external stimuli that interferes with the body's normal state. It usually upsets this normal state. The stimuli that cause stress can be physical, mental, or emotional. The body has to react to stressful situations which are called the flight-or-fight response. ( ) Stress can weaken and disturb the body's defense mechanisms and may play a role ...

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Three ways psychologists have defined stress

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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It is not easy to find a generally acceptable definition of stress. So many people have their own distinctive ways of defining stress. However, stress can be defined as the body's response to situations that poses demand, constraints or opportunities. Usually, it results from interactions between persons and their environment that are understood as straining or exceeding their adaptive capacities and threatening their well- being. More recently, ...

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Quantitative methodology into workplace bullying in NHS

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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This chapter makes a case for the use of a quantitative methodology to investigate workplace bullying in NHS psychologists. Participant selection, data collection and analysis procedures are outlined, followed by a discussion about ethical issues. It will conclude with a brief discussion about some of the methodological issues and dilemmas encountered in the study (INCLUDE IF UNDER POWER). Before moving on to discuss the methods used, it ...

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Comparison of Erikson's and Bandura's Theories

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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Albert Bandura was born on 4th December 1925 in Mundare which is a small town in Alberta, Canada. His parents were of polish descent. His theory was developed based on his belief that previous and earlier theorists had not dealt completely with the most important psychological issues and processes. Thus, his new view was referred to as observational learning. This is a theory that discussed human learning ...

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The History Of Social Psychology

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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Social psychology is a subfield of psychology that studies the social interactions among people. The subject can trace back its roots to the Ancient Greeks. Charles Darwin made extensive contributions to social psychology with his book Origin of Species and his evolutionary findings. Darwin influenced social thinkers who in return voiced their opinions on the society and the social mind. Norman Triplett was the first person to ...

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Selective attention and the stroop effect

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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Abstract Selective attention and its theories have been modified over many years, early ones such as 'bottleneck' theories have led to more recent theories that information can be processed through a series of automatic processes or unconsciously. It is suggested that many everyday tasks such as reading are tasks that can be overlearned and become automatic, these automatic tasks can be difficult to control. This report examines ...

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Individuals With Asperger Syndrome

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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Asperger Syndrome (AS) or (Asperger's Disorder) is a neurobiological disorder named for a Viennese physician, Hans Asperger, who in 1944 published a paper which described a pattern of behaviors in several young boys who had normal intelligence and language development, but who also exhibited autistic-like behaviors and marked deficiencies in social and communication skills. In spite of the publication of his paper in the 1940's, it wasn't ...

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Case study: The Treatment of Depression

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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"Although depression has been recognized as a clinical syndrome for over 2000 years, as yet, no completely satisfactory explanation of its puzzling and paradoxical features has been found. There are still major unresolved issues regarding its nature, its classification and its etiology". (Beck and Alford, 2009, p3) However, the importance of depression is recognised by everyone in the field of mental health. According to Kline, "more human ...

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Levels Of Processing On Memory Recall

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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In 1890, William James made a clear distinction between short-term and long-term memory stores, based purely on introspection, which he called primary memory (PM) and secondary memory (SM) (James, 2012). These concepts are more commonly known today as short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM), with the STM reflecting the current contents of consciousness and the LTM consisting of memories from the past that have to be ...

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Two Different Theories Of Memory Processing

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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This assignment will explain two different theorys of memory processing. The two models are Atkinson and Shiffrins Multi store model and Levels of processing by Craik and Lockhart (1972). These two studies have been considered in order to give conclusions, based on studies and evidence to support these, and have indicated strengths and weaknesses for each study. The Multi store model By Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) was ...

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What Social Factors Can Contribute To Mental Illness?

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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A mental illness is a psychological abnormality of an individual, and significantly affects the individuals emotional stability. There are different types of mental illnesses with different degrees of severity such as; depression, anxiety, eating disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar mood disorder and personality disorder. When a person develops a mental illness, emotions can be so overwhelming that they develop an inability to cope with everyday activities such as: work, ...

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Forewarnings And Inoculation In Persuasion

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

5 (1,755 )

Persuasion and resistance to persuasion are one of most extensively studied topic areas in social psychology. This topic is covered frequently in social psychology because the effects of persuasion are seen everywhere and are applicable in everyday life. Methods for building up resistance to persuasion include reactance, forewarning and the inoculation effect. How forewarning and the inoculation effect affect persuasion will be outlined for the purposes of ...

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Research on nature versus nurture

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

4 (1,464 )

The nature versus nurture debate has been a classic controversy among experts for centuries. Nature versus nurture is a debate about how children learn and develop. Throughout the history of the debate, there has been no clear conclusion to the dispute, but there are many theories. Both sides of this controversy, nature and nurture, have been explored thoroughly among researchers, and a great deal of evidence has ...

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General Adaption Syndrome and Post Traumatic Stress

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

7 (2,579 )

Hans Selye (1907-1982), an Austrian-born physician who emigrated to Canada in 1939, the general adaptation syndrome represents a three-stage reaction to stress. Selye explained his choice of terminology as follows: "I call this syndrome general because it is produced only by agents which have a general effect upon large portions of the body. I call it adaptive because it stimulates defense…. I call it a syndrome because ...

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Jane Elliot: Blue Eyes, Brown Eyes

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

3 (830 )

Jane Elliot Blue Eyes, Brown Eyes Jane Elliot was a well liked third grade teacher from a small rural town in Iowa. In 1968 after the brutal assassination of Martin Luther King, the whole nation was in turmoil. Jane, also feeling the disparity and frustration knew that something needed to be done about racial discrimination. She knew that she could not just talk about discrimination to her ...

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Physical Cleanliness Moral Purity

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

5 (1,801 )

When we talk about physical cleanliness, what will be come up in our mind would be the medical benefits, which we may get rid of sick if we have a good condition of physical cleanliness. Physical cleanliness is defined as getting rid of the dirt and filth from your body (Can Tran, 2011).While moral purity is defined as our spiritual and mental state are in clean and ...

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Classifying Psychiatric Disorders: Four Ds of Diagnoses

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

5 (1,982 )

Assessing when a patient problem or symptom elevates to the severity required to diagnose a psychiatric condition can be a difficult task, particularly for inexperienced practitioners. The Four Ds (deviance, dysfunction, distress and danger) can be a valuable tool to all practitioners when assessing reported traits, symptoms, or conditions in order to ascertain the point of at which these factors might represent a DSM IV-TR disorder. This ...

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Case study on dual diagnosis and complex needs

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

4 (1,583 )

The following assignment is formulated on partial information extracted from a case analysis; the client is a 26-year-old female who has extensive history of illicit substance use since her early teenage years. I will be describing how I would proceed with specific interventions to gain further information and to assist the clients' safe engagement with a tier 4 treatment provider. The client was referred to us from ...

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What effect does the word superiority have?

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

6 (2,131 )

This study analysed the nature of word superiority effects (WSE) which was first developed by James Cattell in 1886. WSE is the ability to recognise letters more successfully if the individual letters are presented as part of word rather than as part of a non-word or an isolated letter. The study tested the WSE on 97 participants to replicate Cattell's theory. In replicating the hypothesis for Cattell's ...

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Case study: Facial Recognition

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

13 (5,024 )

Facial Recognition is the process where the brain recognizes, understands and interprets the human face (Face Recognition, n.d.). The face is essential for the identification of others and expresses significant social information. The face reveals significant social information, like intention, attentiveness, and communication. Goldstein (1983) (as cited in Chung & Thomson, 1995) stated that, "The face is the most important visual stimulus in our lives probably from ...

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Body Dysmorphic Disorder

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

7 (2,436 )

Body Dysmorphic Disorder/ McMillan Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Rarely Talked about Somatoform Disorder. Each day people are faced with serious disorders in response to their weight, appearance, and body image. Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia are something everyone has heard of, and more than likely has known someone who was directly affected by one or the other, or even both. A common trend among these patients is a ...

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The Interpretation Of Dreams

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

4 (1,258 )

In 1873 Freud graduated from the Sperl Gymnasium. He worked at the University of Vienna with one of the leading physiologists of this time, Ernst von Brucke. In 1882 he worked for the General Hospital in Vienna as a clinical assistant. After making several conclusions about the brain's medulla, Freud was then appointed to be a lecturer in neuropathology. At this same time in Freud's career, he ...

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The Behaviour Of Split Brain Patients

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

4 (1,488 )

Split-brain patient is a denomination used for people who had the corpus callosum severed by surgery to minimise the seizures of a medicine intractable (Freberg, 2010) and multifocal epilepsy (Kalat, 2013), commissurotomy is the name of this operation and it is a very rare technique and some patients only had partial split (Breedlove, Watson, & Rosenzweig, 2010). The corpus callosum is a Latin word means thickened skin, ...

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The Role Of Peer Relationships

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

5 (1,831 )

Childrens relationships with parents and peers are interactive and by the time they get older they form an increasingly varied array of interpersonal relationships (Pianta & Stuhlman, 2004). Relationships may well stand as the way in which two or more individuals are connected, or the state of being connected. Is it a connection where individuals share experiences, interests, attitudes, feelings and can deliver developmental consequences in forming ...

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The Importance Of Self Concept Clarity

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

5 (1,985 )

It is widely acknowledged within psychology that the self is multi-faceted and composed of many different dimensions. Therefore, it seems inapt that the study of the self has, until recently, largely been dominated by just one dimension; self-esteem (Linville & Carlston, 1994, p. 13). Self-esteem is a very important aspect of the self. It affects a person's choices, mood, social relationships, and psychological well-being. However, psychology must ...

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The Measurement Process Variables Scales Of Measurement

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

11 (4,053 )

INTRODUCTION In any kind of research undertaken, the measurement of the variables in the theoretical framework, is an important component of a research design (Sekaran, 2003). The measurement of the variables are important in order to test the hypotheses and obtain answers to complex issues (Sekaran,2003). This assignment will address several issues related to the measurement of variables, namely, the level or scales of measurement, the criteria ...

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The Experiment Of Hecht Shlaer And Pirenne

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

8 (2,984 )

The following essay discusses two articles (Hecht, Schlaer, & Pirenne, 1942, and Cornsweet, 1970) based on a landmark experiment by Hecht, Shlaer, and Pirenne (1942), which set out to determine the minimum number of photons (quanta) required for someone to perceive a flash of light. From their findings, Hecht et al. conclude that, under certain precise conditions, the average person only needs to detect around ten quanta ...

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Impressions of an Al-Anon Meeting

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

4 (1,435 )

On Sunday April 19th, 2009, I visited Park Slope Serenity at St Francis Xavier School. Since this was my first time attending any meeting outside of a treatment setting I was first struck by the nature of this meeting. This was an Al-Anon Meeting which focused on the impacts of Alcohol Addiction on the family. The members of this group were family members of alcoholics. Thus the ...

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Ellis and Rogers' views on psychological health

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

8 (2,930 )

In order to complete this assignment I have chosen to compare and contrast the works of two exceptional figures in the world of psychology, both of whom have been ranked as the two most influential clinical psychologists according to a 1982 survey. (Franklin, 2007) The first being Dr. Albert Ellis, one of the most inspiring figures in modern psychology and the second I will examine is Dr. ...

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Why do primates have unusually large brains?

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

4 (1,391 )

Primates as a group is an example of ecephalization, they all have relatively large brains for their body size compare to other mammals (Dunber, 1998). Brains are extremely costly to evolve and to preserve. A human adult brain weights about 2% of body weight but used up about 20% of total energy intake (Aiello and Wheeler, 1995), making the brain the most expensive organ to maintain. Natural ...

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How Fear Is Used To Manipulate Others

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

5 (1,942 )

My paper will discuss how fear is used to manipulate others. I will support my topic using ideas taken from The Color Purple and Lord of the Flies. Fear is a natural emotion in humans that occurs when a person feels threatened; when he feels that he must be saved from something or someone. Fear is a protection system in our mind that we use for self-defense ...

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IQ tests are not accurate

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

3 (1,075 )

Psychologists have always wanted to quantify the complex notion of intelligence. Therefore, IQ tests have been used to measure human intelligence. However, whether these tests really measure complex notion of human intelligence or whether it is all about performing well on a standardized test is debatable. This paper aims to take a position that IQ tests are not accurate to measure a person's intelligence by exploring the ...

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Is Emotional Cheating As Serious?

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

8 (2,966 )

Cheating in marriages and relationships has been very rampant especially in the contemporary society. Many people have lost their marriage partners due to cheating either emotionally or sexually. People are usually less committed and satisfied in relationships when they get a feeling that their partners are cheating on them. Cheating or deceiving on ones partner is usually driven by less commitment in one relationship whereby some people ...

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The History Of Cognitive Behavior Therapy

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

3 (1,146 )

Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is one of the major orientations of psychotherapy (Roth & Fonagy, 2005) and represents a unique category of psychological intervention because it derives from cognitive and behavioral psychological models of human behavior that include for instance, theories of normal and abnormal development, and theories of emotion and psychopathology. There are several available cognitive and behavioral psychotherapies of which are based on concepts, theories ...

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Ethical Issues In Research Using Human Subjects

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

9 (3,561 )

Since the U.S. adopted regulations governing research with human subjects in the 1970s, most of the ethical debates about research with human subjects have focused on questions relating to clinical research, such as management of risks, using placebos in control groups, randomization, informed consent, reporting adverse events, recruitment of subjects, and research on vulnerable populations. Most of the infamous or controversial cases discussed in the literature on ...

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Assessment of frontal lobe damage

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

5 (1,889 )

In this study we examine the case of Mr. A, who had damaged his frontal lobe due to a harsh head injury. In order to examine the patient's damage three different test were used. AVerbal Fluency Test, The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and a Hand position Test. It was expected to observe lower scoring and difficulties in Mr. A performance regarding the tests. The current study unfolds ...

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Risk taking behaviours: Theories

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

7 (2,758 )

Risk taking behaviours can enable one to be explorative and creative leading to benefits that were previously inaccessible, but they can also be detrimental to the safety, mental and physical health of the individual if the risk is not assessed properly. It is in this light that examining the mechanisms involved in making decisions involving risk should be further researched. It is proposed that these risk taking ...

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The Tattoo and Social Learning Theory

03 Oct 2016 28 Apr 2017

5 (1,760 )

‘The tattoo’ is a novel which was written by Chris McKinney about a young adult named Ken ‘Kenji’ Hideyoshi who was sent to the Halawa Correctional Institute. Inside he tells his personal struggle of living life as a Japanese male being brought up in Hawai’i, being exposed to poverty, colonialism, violence, urban gangs, and drugs. In this essay, I will argue that one can learn criminal ...

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Comparision between optic ataxia and apraxia conditions

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

4 (1,511 )

Apraxia and optic ataxia are conditions that both derive from damage to different parts of the brain. The former can develop from damage to various parts of the brain, whereas optic ataxia derives from damage to a specific area of the brain. Both are associated with the inability to complete certain gestures and actions. Apraxia is the inability of the patient to execute a learned and skilled ...

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Can an authority figures influence human behaviour?

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

5 (1,827 )

Milgram (1963) stated that "obedience is the psychological mechanism that links individual actions to political purposes." His theoretical proposition for the study is that obedience is so ingrained, that people tend to obey other people at higher position even if they have to violate their own morals and ethics (Milgram, 1974). He recruited forty males between ages twenty and fifty from New Haven through newspaper ads and ...

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The effects of the moon on human behavior

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

6 (2,369 )

Ever since the ancient times of Greek mythology and the Mayans, the moon was regarded as an object that held influence over human behavioral patterns and emotions. Many sources of folklore, myths, and legends promoted this idea with their own hypothesized effects, including "induced lunacy and epileptic seizures" (Britt, 2009). But the moon itself appeared not to be the culprit; instead, its different phases appeared to cause ...

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Stroop experiment using neutral and colour associated words

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

5 (1,969 )

The aim of this experiment is to study automatic and controlled processes by replicating the previously carried out Stroop effect. This paper investigates if colour related words have a effect on automatic and controlled processes. Previous research into the subject have revealed that recognition of colour named words will have the desired effect. The experiment was conducted by recruiting 20 participants aged between 18-68. Two lists of ...

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Cognitive Theories Explaining Autism Spectrum Disorder

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

6 (2,285 )

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be explained as a developmental disorder characterised by a triad of symptoms, namely, impairments or deficits in imagination, socialization, and communication (American Psychiatric Association, 1994; Wing and Gould, 1979). Over the last few years, understanding the cognitive processes involved in a condition like Autism has been the main purpose of most studies that have been carried out. Even though genetic factors also ...

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