Can We Ever Leave The Past Behind?

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

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To answer the question, we need to look at the origin of human behaviour, ideas, and feelings? - are they innate or learned? (from past experiences) - nature or nurture? Nature is inherited abilities and genes present at birth, and Nurture is behaviours acquired after birth from the influence of experience. Many modern theories suggest that experience, environment and genetics all play a role in influencing our ...

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Hans Eysenck's Biological Trait Theory

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

3 (1,181 )

Hans Eysenck is a well-known psychologist and psychotherapist, one of his main tasks he believed was the selection of clinical psychology as an independent discipline. He established his department that was the first to begin training health psychologists using the recently developed methods of behavioral psychotherapy. Basic research by Eysenck lied in the theory of personality, the study of intelligence, social attitudes, behavioral genetics and behavioral psychotherapy. ...

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Loneliness: An Introduction

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

5 (1,635 )

Adolescent's Loneliness According to APA Dictionary of Psychology, Loneliness means cognitively or emotionally discomfort of perceiving oneself to feel alone or solitary. However, different subfields of psychology can explain it differently. Social psychology explains loneliness is a kind of emotional distress when social relationship becomes a problem while Cognitive psychology says it is an emotional distress when an individual wants and actual social relationship isn't met. Loneliness ...

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The Theory Of Planned Behaviour

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

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Anorexia is an eating disorder where a person has fear of gaining weight and decides to go on an extreme diet by limiting their food intake. Anorexia is often linked with weight and diet. People who have anorexia are basically obsessed with being thin. They deem that they are fat eventhough they are underweight. People suffering from anorexia are always concerned about the calories they take in ...

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Predicting Individual Differences In Mindfulness

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

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The purpose of this study was to identify possible predictors of individual differences in mindfulness as measured by Mindful Attention Awareness Scale by using three variables: trait anxiety (TA), attentional control (AC) and conscientiousness. A convenience sample of 89 psychology students (both sexes) completed self-report measures related to the study. A one-tailed cross-sectional correlational design was employed to examine the data following by a multiple linear regression ...

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Psychodynamic approach: Treatment and intervention

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

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The place of psychoanalytic and psychodynamic treatments within psychiatry is controversial (Auchincloss 2002; Gabbard, Gunderson and Fonagy 2002; Kernberg 2002; Wallerstein 2002). Based on the now aged principles of Freudian psychology, as of today there are several theoretical orientations in understanding human emotion and development (Leichsenring, Rabung and Leibing 2004). However, the intervention generally refers to a specific type of treatment in which the patient is analysed ...

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Motivating Employees And Job Satisfaction

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

15 (5,973 )

The work in the modern economies has made an understanding of the psychology of motivation and job satisfaction as a key component of business and management syllabuses. The aim of the study is two-fold: Firstly, literature reviews for the motivation theories and Theories on job satisfaction. Secondly, the relationships between employee motivation and job satisfaction. Motivation theories clarifying the importance of addressing employees' needs at work, the ...

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Case study dealing with depression

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

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Depression is one of the most common and widespread psychiatric disorders in the UK. Of over 5000 British residents, approximately 5.9% of males and 4.2% of females suffer from depressive illnesses (Based on DSM-IV criteria) (Ohayon, 1999). Consequently there has been much emphasis on implementing techniques and psychotherapy to solve these issues and find effective treatments for depression. This essay will explore, psychodynamic and CBT therapy, in ...

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The Importance Of Ethical Issues In Research

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

5 (1,763 )

This essay will explain two different types of methods used in psychological research, case studies and experiments, and give two examples of each, and one demonstrating ethical concerns. The evaluation of the importance of ethical issues raised within research will be a concluding consideration. The case study is used by psychologists to gain an in depth understanding through descriptive research, of an individual, a small group, or ...

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What Motivates Students To Cheat?

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

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This research is about what motivates students to cheat during an examination. There are many factors that may contribute in their motivation to cheat such as demands to obtain excellent grades, pressure from parents, self-imposed stress to succeed, and so on (McCabe, Trevino & Butterfield, 1999). 120 students of Sunway University were voluntarily chosen to participate in this study. Survey questionnaire that contains 11 questions was used ...

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Eyewitness Testimony In Children

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

8 (2,839 )

Memory is not reliable; memory can be altered and adjusted. Memory is stored in the brain just like files stored in a cabinet, you store it, save it and then later on retrieve and sometimes even alter and return it. In doing so that changes the original data that was first stored. Over time memory fades and becomes distorted, trauma and other events in life can cause ...

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Person centered theory vs cognitive behavior therapy

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

4 (1,538 )

This theory was put forward by an American psychologist Carl Rogers in the 1930s (minddisorders.com 1). Person-centered therapy is known by other terms which include client-centered, non-directive or Rogerian therapy. It is an approach to counseling and psychotherapy that focuses on the client during the treatment process without the therapist taking a directive role. In other words it emphasizes on the person in need of the therapy ...

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Characteristics Of Female Offenders

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

5 (1,677 )

Criminal behaviors are typically described in relation to the male offender population. This is due to the disproportionately larger size of the male offender population compared to the size of the female offender population (Salisbury & Van Voorhis, 2009). In 2011, the imprisonment rate for males was more than 14 times the imprisonment rate associated with females (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2012). According to Salisbury and Van ...

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Leading Theories and Practices

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

5 (1,753 )

The purpose of this paper is to discuss two major career theories applied to own career development. Explain the theories and how they would have influenced career development as well as to compare and contrast the effect of these two theories on own personal career development. Career theories After reading chapter two and three, there are many reasons that can influence the selection of a specific career, ...

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The multi store model in memory psychology

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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One's memory is crucial in one's understanding of one's self, of the environment, one's understanding of knowledge, with past and present experiences and with one's identity; according to Blackmore; "without memory, we would be servants of the moment, with nothing but our innate reflexes to help us deal with the world." He furthered this statement, commenting that without memory there would be no language, science, art, or ...

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The James Lange Theory Of Emotion

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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Everyone is unique as we all behave and react differently to events just like our intelligence. Emotions can be defined as a complex state of feelings that result in the physical and psychological changes that influence thought and behaviour. There are many theories which attempt to understand why we experience emotions. We experience many emotional states that can outlook our lives or how someone might respond to ...

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Looking At The Personality Theory

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

26 (10,047 )

A person is a flow of powerful subjective life, conscious and unconscious; a whispering gallery in which voices echo from the distant past; a gulf stream of fantasies with floating memories of past events, currents of contending complexes, plots and counterplots, hopeful intimations and ideals…A personality is a full Congress of orators and pressure groups, of children, demagogues, communists, isolationists, war-mongers, mugwumps, grafters, log rollers, lobbyists, Caesars ...

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Postpartum Depression: Causes And Treatments

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

4 (1,436 )

Postpartum depression (also known as postnatal depression) is a form of depression that can affect women and, less frequently, men after the birth of a child. It is widely regarded as treatable. Studies show between 5% and 25% prevalence and the methodological differences of these studies makes the true prevalence rate not clear. The postpartum depression (PPD) is a form of depression that affects women after giving ...

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Gross Motor Skills In Middle Childhood

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

4 (1,253 )

Gross motor skills are very important for young children. These motor skills give children independence, and allow children to interact comfortably with others on the playground, or classroom. They also promote feeling confident when they engage in physical activities and organized sports. Gross motor skills are those required to move the large muscles of the body, including the arms, legs, feet, and torso. When a child is ...

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Self Presentation In Understanding The Self

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

3 (1,083 )

Much of the research on the self has focused on the importance of self-esteem. Although this property of the self is of great significance in understanding the self, it may be questioned if it is the most important. This essay will discuss the importance of self presentation as one of the many properties of self. Self-presentation is the attempt to produce particular self images in order to ...

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Skills of counselling and consulting psychologists

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

7 (2,577 )

In recent years, many fields of endeavour are impacting training in schools, colleges, universities, other learning institutions, agencies, and seminaries, by setting rules and regulations, ethical and other standards that govern those who practice in such fields. They also record and suggest best practices, and create competency benchmarks that trained graduates and working professionals alike are expected to exhibit in the execution of their duties in the ...

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Social Psychological Theories Of Attitude Formation

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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Attitudes have been described as one of the most important concepts in social psychology. According to Petty and Cacioppo (1981) 'the term attitude should be used to refer to a general, enduring positive or negative feeling about some person, object, or issue'. All attitudes have a structure and according to the 'three-component attitude model' a person's attitude is a combination o three components: affective component (what a ...

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Justification for qualitative research in organisations

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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"Qualitative research is a field of inquiry in its own right. It crosscuts disciplines, fields and subject matters. A complex, interconnected family of terms, concepts, and assumptions surround the term qualitative research. These include the traditions associated with foundationalism, positivism, postfoundationalism, postpositivism, poststructuralism, and the many qualitative research perspectives, and/or methods connected to cultural and interpretive studies." "...qualitative researchers can access fascinating data by observing mundane settings ...

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Research Report On The Stroop Test

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

5 (1,674 )

The Stroop interference is postulated to be a processing mishap that occurs when the brain tries to process two parallel procedures simultaneously and cannot decide which one is more important (Hintzman et al., 1972). When reading through the congruent list of color-word pairings, the brain interprets the color and the word as the same and does not falter allowing the brain to vocalize the agreed response. Inversely, ...

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The Subject Of Self Perception

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

4 (1,337 )

Nowadays, our society of "what's hot and what's not" influences the young children's self-esteem and self-concept. The self-concept is connected to beliefs, knowledge, and attitudes, ideas people have about themselves; however self-esteem is "a personal judgment of worthiness that indicates the extent to which the individual believes himself to be capable, significant, successful, and worthy" (Mruk 2006). The self-concept is understood as the accumulation of knowledge, information ...

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Looking At Behaviorism Theory

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

4 (1,576 )

Psychology is the science of mind. Its goal is to study human behavior and to understand reason behind particular behavior (Carlson and Buskit, 1997). In this essay I will discuss behaviorism theory and psychoanalytic theory. Followed by their relation to Nature and Nurture. It will also compare and contrast the theories and application of these theories to social work practice. Behaviorism Theory: Behaviorism theory sees personality as ...

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Biological Factors Influence Human Relationships

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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Abraham Maslow, a humanist psychologist claimed that a basic human being desires to be accepted by others as relationships are a significant source of happiness or unhappiness. People live in families and form other groups such as friendships and partnerships to define themselves in terms of being important to others as relationships tend to influence our emotional state as well as our health (#1). Different types of ...

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Theories Of Lifespan And Human Growth

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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G Stanley Halls Adolescence and his original theory will be outlined in some detail. More contemporary theories of psycho-sexual, psycho-social and behaviourist psychology will be compared to Hall's findings and comparisons and contrasts will be made. The period of "storm and stress", penned by Hall, will be defined and more recent arguments against it raised, using contemporary research statistics. Erikson's psycho-social theory on Adolescence and the idea ...

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Concept Of Role And Role Episode Model

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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Role stress is highly inevitable in nature and has become problem at workplace for employers and organization. The main purpose of this paper to study the concept of role, role stress, their biosocial variables as well as role episode model. . Number of studies found that there is difference in the impact of role stress across occupations..This paper also deals management of role stress with the help ...

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Theories for gender role identification

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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This essay concerns the development of gender-role identification and what theories have been regarded as the most influential in explaining the process. One theoretical approach into gender-role identification is the social learning theory. Bandura (1973) pioneered work on gender development. The social learning theory contends that gender roles are heavily determined by environmental factors (Bandura,1986; Bandura and Bussey, 2004; Bussey and Bandura, 1999 in Brannon, L. 2008) ...

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The Importance Of Occupation In Therapy

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

5 (1,750 )

Occupations are a part of everyday life and may even form a part of a person's existence. The occupation discussed is not necessarily one's career choice but according to Kielhofner's it is "the doing of work, play or activities of daily living within a temporal, physical and socio-cultural context that characterises much of human life" (1). Kielhofner emphasises the importance of occupation, however one cannot fully understand ...

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Big Five Personality Traits

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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Empathy is important in day to day interaction with people and personality was believed to have strong relationship with empathy. To investigate whether there are any correlation between empathy and agreeableness as well as between empathy and neuroticism, 76 psychology students took part in a personality and empathy assessment. All the participants completed the NEO-FFM and 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task'. As hypothesized, participants who ...

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Psychological Formulation Of Case Study

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

5 (1,602 )

Introduction - to the perspective you are using to construct the formulation, which should include the key ideas underpinning the approach (500 words). There is no doubt that some of original Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic principles have been enormous miscalculations. However, his conviction that the dynamic of psyche depends on understanding of the adoptive significance of its components was, without a doubt, spot on (Nesse & Lloyd, 1992). ...

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Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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Mindfulness and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy are two approaches that are becoming very popular in the counseling world. Their treatment of anxiety disorders is very effective and is proven with new MRI studies. The brain's structural changes can be documented when individuals practice meditation, which is known to cause improved emotional regulation. This is important for individuals with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) because of the results of this ...

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Leading Questions And The Eyewitness Report

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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Elizabeth Loftus is a prominent figure in the research into eyewitness report. Although not the first of her career, the 1975 paper entitled Leading Questions and the Eyewitness Report is the first in a long line of research based on the effect of question wording and information on eyewitness memory. Validating the study, Loftus presses for 'socially important forms of memory research', highlighting how prior experiments are ...

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Anxiety Disorder: Agoraphobia

03 Oct 2016 11 May 2017

6 (2,286 )

Agoraphobia among the anxiety disorders and describes it as anxiety, or avoidance of places or situations from which escape might be difficult (or embarrassing) or in which help may not be available in the event of having a panic attack or panic-like symptoms. The greek work “agora” means, “assembly or market place” (Wittchen, H., Gloster, A. T., Beesdo-Baum, K., Fava, G. A., & Craske, M. G., 2010). ...

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Features of the perception process

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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Perception in simple term is how people see things. The book defines perception as a process which a person takes to mean the sensory systems and how he or she gives meanings to the environment they belong. This report analyses the features of the perception process and illustrates the ways an individual's perception affect other people, group and organization. This analyses the theories and concepts of perception ...

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Teens And Anorexia Nervosa Theory

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder that causes a person to obsess about their weight and the food they eat (MFMER. 2008, Para. 1). Anyone can have the disease, but women are particularly susceptible. People who have this condition will view themselves as fat when they look in the mirror although they are in reality dangerously thin and far below the normal weight for their body's height ...

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Job Satisfaction And Absenteeism Relationship

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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In organizational research, the term absenteeism is marked by "nonattendance of employees for scheduled work when they are expected to attend" (Huczynski & Fitzpatrick, 1989, p. 250). Absenteeism varies widely within organizations and within different sectors. Work attitudes are considered important determinants of withdrawal behavior (Appelbaum et al., 2003; Harrison and Martocchio, 1998; Sturges et al., 2005). Job satisfaction is considered the main determinant of absenteeism. 1.0 ...

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AC DC Three Phase Generators

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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Aims and Objectives The main objective of this report is to describe the investigation into operating characteristics of AC-DC Three-Phase generators and motors. The following subjects must be covered in this report for it to successfully document the investigation, these subjects will be constructed using a series of lab experiments and learner comments:- Operating characteristics of DC and AC generators supplying resistive, capacitive and inductive loads. Relationship ...

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The Effect Of Stress On Police Officers

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

4 (1,404 )

First of all, stress is the body's reaction to internal and external stimuli that interferes with the body's normal state. It usually upsets this normal state. The stimuli that cause stress can be physical, mental, or emotional. The body has to react to stressful situations which are called the flight-or-fight response. ( ) Stress can weaken and disturb the body's defense mechanisms and may play a role ...

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Relationship between marriage and job satisfaction

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

5 (1,702 )

The purpose of this review in to determine the difference between marital status; married vs. single working adults in terms of job satisfaction and the relationship between job satisfaction and life satisfaction. The findings are concluded from different working industries and country. The results obtain from the studies shows that there is a relationship between job satisfaction and life satisfaction and several research proves that married working ...

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Gender differences in intelligence?

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

5 (1,996 )

Sex differences in intelligence have been a popular argument for generations. "Francis Galton had little doubt that men were more intelligent than women" (Mackintosh, 2000, p. 182), whereas Cyril Burt and Louis Terman agree that this should be as straightforward as any concept, and can be answered through empirical evidence. In general intelligence, the findings of various studies have arrived at similar conclusions of either no difference, ...

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The Conscious And The Unconscious

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

3 (1,085 )

Theories of the mind are as old as history itself, but its only in the 19th century that doctors and scientists started to study it more carefully. Freud is the first to put the concept of unconscious into a unified framework. Freud's concept is based on three states of the mind: conscious, pre-concious and unconscious. The conscious part of the mind is what readily available to our ...

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Short and long term memory

03 Oct 2016 11 May 2017

5 (1,687 )

Memory can be defined as a cognitive function that acquires information through encoding by changing it to a usable form, storage for later use and retrieval by bringing stored memories into conscious awareness state (Sternberg, 1999). Sensory memory store lasts for a brief period of time when information is received from sensory systems before it is processed (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968). Thus, this information is selected ...

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Minority influence research: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

4 (1,383 )

Minority influence research can be said to begin with Solomon Asch himself being influenced by Muzafer Sherif's (1936) classic study on group norms. Asch then went on to conduct his own famous study on conformity (majority influence) in 1951 and his subsequent finding that 37 percent of his participants conformed to a clearly erroneous majority opinion was a surprise for many in the field at that time. ...

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Examination Of Clinical Psychology

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

4 (1,276 )

Psychology is a broad field that is divided into several branches of study. Clinical psychology is among these fields that at times people fail to comprehend the kind clients it handles and the services it provides. Clinical psychology is an expansive branch of psychology that uses psychological ideologies to examine, curtail, and ameliorate mental distress, disability, and unhealthy conducts, and to improve psychosomatic and physical welfare. The ...

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On Being Sane In Insane Places

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that psychiatrists cannot reliably tell the difference between those patients who are sane and those who are insane. Procedure The study consisted of two parts. The main study is an example of a field experiment. The manipulation (Independent variable) was the made up symptoms of pseudo patients, the dependent variable was the psychiatrists' diagnostic admission of the ...

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Dancehall Queen | Analysis

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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Dancehall Queen from an Inclusive Stereotypical perspective Film Summary Dancehall Queen is the story of a woman called Marcia, a street vendor living in the inner-city slums of Kingston, Jamaica. A single mother living with her two daughters and her younger brother Junior, Marcia worked selling snacks in the daytime as a means of earning a meagre income for her family. Uncle Larry, a wealthy friend, contributed ...

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What Influences Teenagers To Smoke?

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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Why and what influences teenagers to start smoking? This is the topic that no one has the accurate answer. It has been recorded that teenagers smoking is on the rise lately and the exact reason for it, is still unknown. It cannot be denied that everyone dislikes smokers and even the smell of cigarettes can be an unpleasant feeling, but no-one tries to understand why teenagers start ...

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Behavior Change Model | Analysis

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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Introduction The transtheoretical model posits that health behavior change involves progress through six stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. Ten processes of change have been identified for producing progress along with decisional balance, self-efficacy, and temptations. Basic research has generated a rule of thumb for at-risk populations: 40% in precontemplation, 40% in contemplation, and 20% in preparation. Across 12 health behaviors, consistent patterns ...

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Sheldons Somatotype Theory And Its Application Psychology Essay

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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Sheldon believed that by analyzing the somatotypes of humans he could predict personality traits and body physique. He aspired to predict the genetic outcome of humans to the point of predictability thus allowing humans to breed desired qualities into their offspring. Sheldon's research was flawed in that he utilized poor research and techniques. The outcome of Sheldon's work was not the predictability of humans through somatotyping, but ...

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Critical Appraisal Skills For Practice

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

7 (2,573 )

The purpose of this assignment is to critically appraise a research paper which is relevant to practice. My chosen published paper is based on qualitative research, and interprets the feelings and thoughts of older people, after suffering heart failure and how they cope with transition from independence to dependence and for some even death (Waterworth et al, 2010). I intend on using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) ...

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Relationship between infant temperament and attachment

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

4 (1,365 )

Psychologists have argued for several years over the concepts' of nature v nurture, and which is seen more crucial in determining or causing such individual differences in personality as well as behavior. The majority of modern psychological researchers' currently believe that both biological and environmental factors interconnect to form a child's personality. Further, it is also indicated researchers are convinced that temperament is existent at the birth ...

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Neural structures: Subserving psychological function

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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This essay will evaluate what is known about the role of neural structures in subserving emotion. It was concluded that although emotion is a difficult behaviour to study scientifically, clear importance of the role of the amygdala has been found. Nonetheless, other structures and brain regions are involved in the responses to emotion, and how they interact together is an area in need of further investigation. Neural ...

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Theories of behaviourism

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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Breadth The breadth section will discuss behaviorism as conceptualized by three of its major proponents. In this section, the principles developed by John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner and Albert Bandura will be compared and contrasted in an attempt to have a deeper understanding of behaviorism. Watson, Skinner and Bandura are among the greatest proponents of behaviorism and conducted empirical studies to prove their point. The significant aspects ...

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Freud's Stages Of Psychosexual Development

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

6 (2,026 )

An individuals personality is the complex of mental characteristics that makes them unique from other people. It includes all of the patterns of thought and emotions that cause us to do and say things in particular ways. Personality is expressed through our temperament or emotional tone. However, personality also colours our values, beliefs, and expectations. There are many potential factors that are involved in shaping a personality. ...

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Case study: Structuralism and functionalism

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

4 (1,368 )

In this assignment the assumptions of structuralism and functionalism will be analysed to see how they have affected modern experimental psychology and critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses throughout the following paragraphs. Introduction Experimental psychology began at the end of the nineteenth century with Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) (Gross, 2010), establishing the first formal psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany; 1879 (Gross, 2010). This laboratory was seen as the ...

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Counselling video | reflection paper

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

5 (1,903 )

Counselling refers to a formal arrangement involving a skilled practitioner who agrees to meet with a client in a private and confidential setting in order to explore the distress the client is facing. The need for the client to seek the services of a counselor may be linked to a specific event in the past, present or future, or the client may be experiencing situations in life ...

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Different types of sexual offenders

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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There are different types of sexual offenders, and each type varies in the victim of choice, the offenses and what the offender psychological gains from the offenses. Some of the different types of sexual offenders include rapists, pedophiles, child molesters and incest offenders. According to Bartol & Bartol (2008) rapists and child molesters are the two most frequently discussed sexual offenders and the two groups of sexual ...

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The Types Of Anxiety Disorders

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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Anxiety is a general term for several disorders that cause nervousness, apprehension and worrying. These disorders affect how we feel and behave, and they can manifest physical symptoms. Mild anxiety is vague and unsettling, while severe anxiety can be extremely debilitating, which will cause a serious impact on daily life. (medicalnewstoday.com, 2010) It is different as fear, as we only feel fear when the stimulus is present, ...

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The Development Of Altruism

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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The development of Altruism. Altruism is a term that derived from the Latin language, means "to others" and "of others". It served as an antonym for "egoism" that refers to other-regarding behaviors. According to the literature, the definition of altruism contains many facets. Author of "The Heart of Altruism: Perceptions of a Common Humanity", Kristen Renwick Monroe, defines altruism as "entailing action, with no conditions or reward-seeking, ...

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What Is Criminal Profiling?

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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What is a Criminal profiler? Many people have mistaken what a real profiler does and who they are. They are not the normal person that works for the police; there is more to a criminal profiler than you might think. Catching serial killers and murderers is a 24 hour job for many of the profilers that work for law enforcement or the FBI. Some ask the question ...

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Physical attractiveness and intimate relationship

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

5 (1,999 )

Physical attractiveness depends on individual's preference. Intimate relationship can be defined as affectionate, kind, and sense of protectiveness. Few articles were evaluated, to find the connection between physical attractiveness and intimate relationship. Different people have different tolerance to their partners' attractiveness. Dissimilar attractiveness level in relationship causes inferiority between couples, leads relationships to fail. Courtship is important in developing intimate relationship. Hence, attractiveness s highly considered when ...

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Literature review of work and family conflict

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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This chapter introduces and explains the important theoretical and practical resource for an understanding of the conflict between work and family among married female teachers in Malaysia. This chapter consists of two sections namely; section I: Theoretical framework of work-family conflict from Western and Islamic perspectives. For section II: Literature Review on Work-Family Conflict. Focus of the study is to examine the impact of work-family conflict-efficacy WFC ...

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An introduction to kinesiology

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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In this chapter, basic kinesiology definitions are introduced and problem-solving approaches in kinesiology tasks are classified as quantitative or qualitative movement analysis. Definition: Derived from the Greek word "kinesis" meaning motion and the suffix -ology or -logy from the Greek "logos" or "logia" (meaning field of study). It is the scientific study of the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics of body movement. Introduction to Kinesiology You might think ...

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Theories For Violence In Sports

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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Violence in sports involves the execution of behaviors that cause harm and happen out of the rules and regulations of sports. Currie (2000) defines violence in sports as "physical assault that is intended to cause physical pain or injury to another player (or fan, coach, game official etc), where such harmful actions bear no direct relationship to the rules and associated competitive goals of the sport". Violence ...

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Eating Disorders: A Psychological Perspective

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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Historically, eating disorders such as Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa were misunderstood to be a consequence of an individuals' desire to be thin. However, it is now known that they are in fact distinct, self-maintaining psychological disorders with multiple causes. The purpose of this essay was to describe the various psychological causes, effects and treatments of eating disorders although it was also felt to be appropriate to ...

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INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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By 1992, more than 1,000 articles had been published on aspects of sport personality (Ruffer, 1976; Vealey, 1989, 2002). This voluminous research demonstrates how important researches and practitioners consider the role of personality to be in sports. With that in mind, this research attempted to determine if there is a relationship between types of personalities and sports preferences. Athletes from different sports and non-athletes will play a ...

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CASE STUDY: Social Psychology

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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Decades of studies and research into the mass media portraying evident allegations upon hostile aggression in society, is being linked to viewing anti social behaviour in the media and is somewhat of an open subject, with much controversy and hearsay. Mass media corporations such as newspaper publications, video game industries, film makers and television programmes are all under constant scrutiny within society as to whether or not ...

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Clinical and experimental neuropsychology

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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Neuropsychology is a form of neuroscience interested in investigating and uncovering the nature of the relationship between the mind and brain (Beaumont, 2008). Clinical neuropsychology is concerned with diagnosing, treating and rehabilitating patients with brain pathology, whilst experimental neuropsychology is concerned with discovering normal models of cognition and understanding the brain functions of healthy individuals (Ogden, 1996). However, clinical and experimental neuropsychology, whilst separate disciplines, are not ...

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Assessment Of Frontal Lobe Dysfunction

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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It has been established that the frontal lobes play a major part in an individual's decision making, planning, problem solving, social, emotional and behavioural skills. Consequently dysfunction of the frontal lobe can cause a wide range of symptoms (Kolb and Wishaw 1996) leading to relatively specific clinical dysfunction therefore a neuropsychological assessment is necessary to be carried out on the patient. The present study looks at the ...

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Ethical Dilemmas: Breaking Confidentiality

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

10 (3,661 )

One crucial factor that influences our behaviour towards others, our everyday interactions, our decisions and many other areas of our lives is our personal values. The personal values of an individual are important to them and have a lasting effect. A person develops their values while growing up and are influenced by the culture this person is a member of. Values have a great impact on peoples' ...

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Challenges in classifying normal and abnormal behavior

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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When defining and classifying normal and abnormal behavior in psychology, culture is one of the challenges that a therapist faces when assessing a client (Nairne, 2008). This is because a certain disorder is classified differently by people from different cultures. There are cultures that allow a broad diversity of behaviors than others and some behaviors. In addition, in such cultures some behaviors are not classified as abnormal ...

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The Theories Developed By Sigmund Freud

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

5 (1,649 )

Sigmund Freud, an Austrian psychiatrist and known as the father of psychoanalysis, developed an entirely new and fascinating approach to understanding the human personality. He is referred to as 'one of the most influential and controversial minds of the 20th century'. Freud was born on the 6th of May 1856 and died after being diagnosed with cancer on the 23rd of September 1939. During the course of ...

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Baddeley's Working Memory Model

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

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A wide range of research in short term memory was conducted in the 1950s, with the development of new techniques and advanced theoretical approaches based on previous concepts of information processing. Psychologists attempted to find a link between short term memory and working memory. Working memory is defined as being part of long term memory, which also encompasses short term memory. This perspective suggests that working memory ...

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Paranoid Schizophrenia: Analysis and Overview

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

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Auditory hallucinations are the common symptom of paranoid schizophrenia, which can cause distress and debilitation. Although individuals may experience different symptoms and those symptoms will affect them differently; however auditory hallucination is the most common one that will affect their behaviour, their ability to function and causes them to withdraw from the social life. The following essay will discuss the symptoms and treatment for paranoid schizophrenia, nursing ...

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Factors That Cause People To Smoke

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

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Smoking has always been a controversial debate over so many years ago and up to current issue. Smoking has faced relentlessly myriad of opinions, judgment and perspective whether it brings about benefits or disadvantages. The rising trend denotes that the number of smokers has increased tremendously over the years. To make things worse, the rising trend of number of youth engaging in this habit is relatively huge ...

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Personal construct theory

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

6 (2,270 )

In social psychology, individual difference research aims to find out why individuals act differently in the same scenarios (Butt, 2007). This essay will be looking at two different theories, Kelly's (1955, cited in Butt, 2007; Stevens, 2002) personal construct theory and Eysenck and Rathman's (1965, cited in Butt, 2007) trait theory of personality, which study and interpret individual differences to personality in two different ways. This essay ...

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Team Cohesion

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

6 (2,197 )

Before I start talking about Team Cohesion, I want to take a closer look at cohesiveness and what it exactly is. Cohesiveness means that you feel included, responsible for others in a group or you feel like the group works together good. Only if the group has high cohesiveness, you will feel that way. If you are in a group with low cohesiveness, some group members might ...

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Non participant observation and self reports

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

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Observation and self-report are appropriate data collection methods for health care studies, given that much of the health care providers' professional lives are spent observing and interviewing patients. Researchers who use observation aim to describe practice and behaviours as they unfold, collecting 'first hand' data from the research setting itself. Self-report measures use the perceptions of the participants themselves to study needs assessments and evaluations. Non-Participant Observation ...

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Psychosocial crises that shape personality

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

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Personality is a complex and enduring aspect of humans that govern all interactions. Of the many theories and models of personality, Erik Erikson has proposed a psychosocial theory which accounts for social influences on the development of an individual's personality. Of a psychoanalytic background, Erikson believed that childhood experiences are important in personality development, but not that development had a sexual focus and only occurred during childhood ...

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A Grounded Theory Analysis of Bereavement

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

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Almost all people tell stories. The stories that people tell are not chance occurrences. Rather they often recount important events in the teller's life - births, marriages and deaths (Bruner, 1990, 1991; Gersie, 1991). For example, Bruner (1991) suggests that stories are told about events which are departures from the ordinary, so it is possible to argue that major life-events are worthy of storytelling because they are ...

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Strengths And Weaknesses Of Experimentation

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

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Construction management (CM) research examines real-world means and methods in an effort to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the construction industry. The academia has a critical role in developing the new knowledge that construction practitioners need to envision, undertake, and sustain successful innovation. However, the new knowledge created by the academia often does not satisfy the needs of practitioners. One reason for this unfortunate situation is ...

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What Are The Causes Of Autism?

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

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Over the years, autism has increasingly become people's concerns. According to Shauntay (2010) , autism is defined as "a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years of life". Surprisingly, the number of children with autism has increased alarmingly. In accordance with the latest statistics of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the number of autistic patients increased by 78% from 2002 to ...

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Primary and secondary research

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

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This chapter will be exploring the various types of research strategies that can be used for both primary and secondary research, taking into account the strategy and approach that best suites the acquisition of information and analsis of data relevant to the subject matter. This report is aimed at exploring the importance of stakeholder management as an effective tool in the rich oil and gas Niger-Delta region ...

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Alzheimers disease and music therapy

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

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The uses of music to improve the lives of people with dementia and Alzheimer's disease are vast and have been investigated for decades. When reviewing the literature addressing the impact of music and music therapy interventions with dementia patients, many benefits emerge. Individuals decrease problem behaviors, increase social skills, improve emotional and cognitive skills, make gains in maintaining and improving active involvement, and have improved recall and ...

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Research: Investigation of a problem

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

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4.1 Introduction The process of finding a solution to a problem after a thorough study and analysis of the situational factor is known as research (Sekaran-2000). This implies that research is an organized and systematic investigation of a problem. In a research, there are various methods, techniques and instruments been use to gather the information. After gathering the information's, those information's need to be analyzed and evaluated align ...

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Jung's Theory of Personality

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

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Describe and evaluate Jung's theory concerning personality types and their relationship to different forms of psychological disturbance. Introduction In addition to his contribution as a pioneering psychiatrist, Carl Gustav Jung's influence extended across an astonishing spectrum including medicine, psychology, art, literature, religion, science, and the humanities (Dunne, p.8). His wide-ranging vision consistently pointed the way for a revolution in psychic and spiritual understanding, and his work provided ...

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What Is Naturalistic Observation?

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

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Naturalistic observation which sometimes called field work or field observation occurs when a researcher observes a person or group in their natural habitat while restricting their own effect on the individual or group. Cozby and Bates (2012) highlighted that in a naturalistic observation, a researcher makes observations of people in their natural environment. Cozby and Bates (2012) also emphasized that both humans and animals could be used ...

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Academic Procrastination And Academic Achievement

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

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Academic procrastination has almost always been a substantial reason for poor academic performance especially among student who are academically capable which is shown in a study done by Onwuegbuzie and Jiao (2000), where 95% of students engage in academic procrastination in a college level while approximately 60% procrastinate at a graduate level. Despite students knowing that procrastination leads to poorer academic performance, students rarely try overcome procrastination ...

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Guilty Feelings We Tend to Have

03 Oct 2016 09 May 2017

7 (2,572 )

Introduction: Guilt can come from many different situations. The event or many events that I will be focusing in this paper is the guilt that comes with my obligations towards my family whether it’s me volunteering to take care of my siblings, doing the small things, or helping maintain the house operative. Some humans feel the obligation to do certain things for others. They could do these ...

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A study on thinking, language and intelligence

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

3 (1,124 )

Thinking is the capability to manipulate words and images. It requires understanding, recalling, processing information as well as the ability to communicate. According to cognitive psychology, mind is involved in perceptions organization, processing information as well as interpreting experiences. Thus, development of concept help one to simplify thing through grouping the available information of events, ideas, objects, persons among other which have commonalities. As a result this ...

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Mental Retardation Disability

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

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Mental Retardation Disability Introduction Mental retardation is a disability that is characterized by significant limitations that are both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior that are expressed in conceptual, social and practical skills. This will mean that such a problem will be from the age of about 18 years of age. This problem can occur to people from all races; ethnic, educational and social background meaning this ...

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The Limbic System Human Brain Function

23 Mar 2015 08 May 2017

4 (1,586 )

The limbic system can arguably be stated as the parts of the brain responsible for those functions that make us all human. The structures of the limbic system are very much related to what is necessary for our survival. The limbic structures are involved in memory and emotions such as anger, fear, and pleasure, which include feelings experienced after eating or sexual behavior. The limbic system is ...

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Psychology Of The Nazi Obedience

23 Mar 2015 08 May 2017

6 (2,232 )

The Holocaust is known as one of the most devastating, or perhaps even the most devastating incident in human history. The mass executions, the terrible conditions, the ruthlessness, and the passivity of the majority of witnesses to the traumatic events all seem like a giant, twisted story blown out of proportion to scare children. In a time of desperation, when a country was on its knees to ...

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Self Love, Self Confidence And Self Esteem

23 Mar 2015 08 May 2017

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During clinical rotation of Mental health nursing in Karwan-e- Hayyat, I interviewed a 34 years old male patient who is diagnosed with schizophrenia. He wants to become a doctor but due to low grades he was not selected for premedical later he did his graduation and unable to complete his studies from university. He is unmarried living with his parents and brother who is mentally retarded. He ...

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Scientific perspectives on positivism and hermeneutics

23 Mar 2015 08 May 2017

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The purpose of this chapter is to describe the method that how the work will be carried out and what approach we have chosen. The aim of this research design is to answer the main questions. We would also present the overview of the choice of methods used for data collection, analysis and the results of the data. Research perspective There are two main scientific perspectives, positivism ...

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Moral development in children

23 Mar 2015 08 May 2017

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Introduction As with the rest of human life, morality and moral education have an outside and an inside. Seen from the outside, morality provides a way of getting along with others, and from the inside it is a way of getting along with oneself. More crudely, moral education is at once a necessary condition for social control and an indispensable means of self-realisation. Most of us, including ...

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How people recall memories

23 Mar 2015 08 May 2017

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In 1932 British psychologist Frederick Bartlet put forward a theory of how people organise and recall memory. His idea was that memory is not like a video recorder that can be played back, but that in fact there are a number of factors that lead to distortion and reconstruction of information. His theory is known as reconstructive memory and his ideas are still in use in current ...

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