Structure Organization And Function Of The Human Body Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

4 (1,454 )

Cell are the structural and functional units of all living organisms. Some organisms, such as bacteria, are unicellular, consisting of a single cell. Other organisms, such as humans, are multicellular, or have many cells-an estimated 100,000,000,000,000 cells! Each cell is an amazing world unto itself: it can take in nutrients, convert these nutrients into energy, carry out specialized functions, and reproduce as necessary. Even more amazing is ...

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Restriction Digestion And Ligation Of Fischeri

23 Mar 2015

18 (7,018 )

A 1357.5 μg/ml pure sample of Vibrio fischeri chromosomal DNA, previously isolated, purified and quantified, was digested using Sal I. Upon digestion of the chDNA and the pGEM vector, ligation reactions with varied ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 were prepared. The four ligations varied in the amount of chDNA inserts present for ligation. To determine the success of both of the restriction digestion and the ...

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Human Adaptations To The Extreme Cold

23 Mar 2015

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Humans have successfully adapted to environmental stresses, including extreme cold. A review of existing literature examining archaeological data, historical data, and current populations regarding human adaptation to cold stress (average annual temperature of ~ -14°C / 7°F) yields evidence supporting distinctive morphological, physiological and behavioral traits that compensate for the stress. Morphological adaptations can be seen in elongated and narrowed nasal passages(long narrow noses), which help warm ...

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Peritubular Fibroblasts Of The Renal Cortex Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

4 (1,201 )

EPO is produced mainly by peritubular fibroblasts of the renal cortex. It is synthesized by renal peritubular cells in adults, with a small amount being produced in the liver.[10][11] Regulation is believed to rely on a feed-back mechanism measuring blood oxygenation. Constitutively synthesized transcription factors for EPO, known as hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), are hydroxylated and proteosomally digested in the presence of oxygen.[5] It binds to the erythropoietin ...

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Determination Of Vitamin C Concentration In Apple Juice Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

3 (1,158 )

Abstract - The goal of this lab is to determine the concentration of Vitamin C in apple juice. A redox titration, involving an iodometric method, will be used to the analysis. The samples will be classified by their vitamin C content. Keywords: concentration of vitamin C, redox titration, iodometric method INTRODUCTION Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) is a necessary nutrient in the human diet. Fruit juices are among ...

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The Causes And Symptoms Of Arteriosclerosis Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

3 (1,003 )

The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart and the blood vessels. The heart is a four-chambered muscular organ that pumps blood to all parts of the body.( PHO) The four chambers of the heart are two upper chambers including the right and left atria, and two lower chambers including the right and left ventricles.(PHO) 1 Arteriosclerosis: Hardening and thickening of the walls of the arteries. ...

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A Literature Review Of Alzheimers Disease Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Ten years ago, few Americans had ever heard of Alzheimer's Disease. Yet, today, this progressive and irreversible brain disease is recognized as one of the most devastating maladies of our time. AD causes a steady decline in memory and is the leading cause of dementia or the loss of intellectual abilities, thinking, remembering and reasoning, which are severe enough to interfere with a person's daily functioning at ...

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Structure And Function Of Biomolecules Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

4 (1,213 )

All Biomolecules have certain functions and these molecules all have a unique structure which is why they function in these ways. These molecules are known collectively as macromolecules, these molecules are grouped into four main categories which each have there own structure. These structures are the key to the macromolecules functions as each of them do a specific task in the body. Macromolecules are grouped into carbohydrates, ...

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The Epidemiology Of Infectious Diseases Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

4 (1,581 )

Infectious diseases have always existed and have had a major impact on human development. It is widely believed that our immune systems and genetic makeup have evolved over many years under the selective pressure of potentially fatal diseases, such as malaria (Haldane 1948; Weatherall 1996). In addition, epidemics of infectious diseases have decimated entire communities, and have sometimes changed the course of history. Examples • In Europe ...

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A study of Atrial Fibrillation and Cardiac Arrhythmia

23 Mar 2015

5 (1,832 )

Introduction Atrial fibrillation is the most common form of cardiac arrhythmia; it involves the two upper chambers of the heart known as the atria. During atrial fibrillation the normal pulses generated by the sinoatrial node are overcome by the electrical pulses that are generated in the atria and pulmonary veins, which leads to irregular impulses being conducted to the ventricles, and therefore irregular heartbeats are generated. Figure ...

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Acute On Chronic Cholecystitis Attributed To Cholelithiasis Figure Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Figure 1 displays an acutely inflamed gall bladder (Cholecystitis) specimen. There are several gross features associated with acute cholecystitis; most apparent is the cholesterol stones filling the fundus and neck regions of the gallbladder (Cholelithiasis). The stones' sizes suggest the chronic nature of pathogenesis, and their off-white colour indicates high proportions of calcium and phosphate salts (1). Further morphology relevant to the pathology is that the gallbladder ...

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Effect Of Tulsi And Neem Extract On Mosquito Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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The effect of Neem and Tulsi on mosquito larvae. The project is aimed at finding natural pesticides or bio-pesticides that effectively control the mosquito population by killing mosquito larvae. They could be used as alternatives to the current pesticides used that have adverse effects on the environment and other species besides the target pest. Mosquitoes are hosts for a very large number of diseases and therefore keeping ...

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Antiretroviral Therapy For Hiv And Aids Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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HIV is a retrovirus which destroys the host's immune system by attacking T4 helper cells. In the absence of a fully functioning immune system, hosts are far more susceptible to opportunistic infections such as TB and pneumonia, which are responsible for the death of HIV and AIDS patients, as opposed to the actual HIV virus itself. As HIV is a retrovirus, it contains no DNA, only RNA, ...

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Seedling Production Of Mud Crab Scylla Serrata Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Seedling production of mud crab Scylla serrata has the potential to be an effective tool to support the demand of mud crab due depleted seed stock from the wild. Moreover, there is high consumer demand on the global production of mud crab Scylla serrata from 1999 to 2000. Generally, consumer for mud crab Scylla serrata is Chinese communities which particularly at China, Vietnam, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong ...

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Rhyniophytes seedless vascular plants

23 Mar 2015

4 (1,503 )

Rhyniophytes are a group of fossil plants, which compose the first land flora, These seedless vascular plants that developed during the early Devonian period and during the Paleozic era, occurred in the Rhynie Chert deposit. Some signs of this appeared as early as in the Silurian period as well. The first land flora is a clasificationof three extinct earlyvascular plant groups (the Rhyniophytes, the Zosterophyllophytes and the ...

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Production Of An Antimicrobial Peptide Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

4 (1,522 )

To appreciate the importance of asceptic techniques with regard to bacterial cell cultivation, growth, purity and final harvesting by bench centrifugation in order to obtain a supernatant with extracellular bacterial by-products. The production of bacteriocins by S.warneri was measured on a150mm agar plate inoculated with Kocuria rhizophila (A Gram-positive bacteria) to determine antimicrobial activity using serial dilutions of a S. warneri sample and positive and negative controls. ...

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Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Transcription Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Biosynthesis of proteins is under direct control of DNA in most cases or else under the control of genetic RNA where DNA is absent. Information for structure of a polypeptide is stored in a polynucleotide chain (Gupta, 2007). Sequences of bases in a particular segment of a polypeptide chain will determine the sequence of amino acids in a particular polypeptide (Gupta, 2007). The relationship popularly known as ...

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How much is the mass of an egg

23 Mar 2015

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In plant and animal cells, there is a cell membrane that helps maintain the structure of a cell and function. The cell membrane is a biomembrane or biological membrane, which separates and protects the membrane interior cell from its outside environment. It also acts as a selective barrier within or around the cell. The cell membrane is selectively-permeable to ions and organic molecules. The selectively-permeable membrane also ...

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Differences Of Chordates With Non Chordates Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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In the scheme of classification, the animals kingdom is divided first into several majore animal groups called phyla. There are approximately 30 animal phyla currently recognized. The last major group of the animal kingdom is known as phylum chordata. It was created by Balfour in 1880. The name of this phylum is derived from two Greek words, the chorde means a string or cord, and ata means ...

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Effect Of Caffeine On Breathing And Pulse Rate Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Caffeine is a natural chemical substance known to have stimulant properties within the body (Addicott MA & Laurienti PJ, 2009). Prior research focused on caffeine's ability to affect ventilation, blood pressure, mood, and mental stress (Kennedy MD et al. 2008; Addicott MA & Laurienti PJ, 2009). Their findings concluded that caffeine actually spiked blood pressure, ventilation and heart rate (Kennedy MD et al., 2008); while others claimed ...

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Population Genetics Report Fell Ponies Foal Immunodeficiency Syndrome Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Enough horse fossils have been found so that archaeologists are able to trace the evolution of horses. The earliest fossil of a horse found was a dog sized Eohippus (Tyagi, 2009). This four toed Eohippus lived around 55 million years ago (Hall, 2010). The Equus mostly stayed the same with the exception of slight toe and teeth changes. During the Oligocene era about 34-34 million years ago ...

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Bread Making Yeasts And Moulds Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

4 (1,404 )

Introduction The fungi kingdom is one of the biggest group of microorganism that related with food, this group can be divided into tow group mould and yeast, mould have wide verity of species from the big mould like mushroom to the microscopic one like penicillium these organism consist of multicellular filaments and they have the ability to grow in very low aw and acidic condition, also what make ...

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The Impact Of Oil Spills Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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An oil spill can be defined as the accidental release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the surroundings or the environment due to human activity. An oil spill is a form of pollution that has devastating effects on the environment. The term oil spill is sometimes used to refer to marine oil spills where there is a release of oil into the ocean, coastal waters or any other ...

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Classification And Study On Tropical Fruits Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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The literature review carried out on this research contains information and data from different sources. Since there was very few numbers of literatures available on this topic locally, most of the information was gathered from the internet and through the internationally published journal articles. Some of the information was collected from locally published citations and through local institutions and organizations. The literature review attempts to make some ...

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Dna Extraction From A Kiwi Experiment Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Label all samples before putting them into wells. Fill a micropipette with sample A (it must be filled from end to end). Insert a micropipette into the glass holder. Immerse the end of pipette below the surface of the TBE and gently dispense its contents into the well (first well from the left). Cell Transformation Cell transformation is the genetic difference of a cell caused from the ...

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Glycerol Based Polymer Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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In oleochemical industry, glycerol (1,2,3-propanetriol) is always produced as a by-product in the manufacturing of acids, soaps, methyl esters, alcohols or nitrogen-containing derivatives. It can also be made from propene via epichlorohydrin (1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane). However, the petrochemical supply route is less important due to the increasing supply of glycerol from oleochemical industry, the high price of propene and the demand for epichlorohydrin for other purposes (Gunstone & Henning, ...

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The Chemical Synthesis Of A Gene Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Chemical synthesis of a gene is the process of synthesizing an artificially designed gene into a physical DNA sequence by chemical methods. The amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by a gene enables the deduction of base sequence of the concerned gene. From the amino acid sequence of the protein and using a set of optimal codons, the nucleotide sequence of the gene can be back ...

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the methods of measuring productivity

23 Mar 2015

5 (1,885 )

1. Definition: Productivity refers to rate at which energy is accumulated by green plant in unit time in the form of organic substance that can be used as food. 2. Types of Productivity: Productivity involves four successive Primary productivity Gross primary production Net Primary Production 2.1 Primary Productivity: The rate at which radiant energy is stored by photosynthetic activity of green plants and algae in the form ...

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Positive And Negative Effects Of Cloning Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

5 (1,787 )

Introduction The possibility of human cloning rose when Scottish scientists at Roslin Institute created the much-celebrated sheep "Dolly", this thrill the worldwide interest and concern because of its scientific and ethical implications. Dolly, a Finn-Dorset ewe, was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in Scotland and lived there from her birth in 1996 until her death in 2003 when she ...

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The Role Of Pulse Oximetry Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

5 (1,916 )

Pulse oximetry is one of the most commonly used pieces of monitoring equipment for anaesthesia in veterinary clinics today. Using a pulse oximeter allows us to monitor the percentage of haemoglobin (Hb) which is saturated with oxygen in a non-invasive way, allowing us to detect hypoxia before the patient is visibly cyanotic. The pulse oximeter consists of a probe attached to the patient (usually tongue, ear, or ...

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Classification of bacteria

23 Mar 2015

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Bacteria Bacteria is a broad term for a famous type of single-celled micro organisms, There are thousands of species of bacteria. They actually have their own domain, which is called "Bacteria". Domain is a new set of groups (Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.). Bacteria is a Group of microscopic, single-celled microorganisms that inhabit virtually all environments, including water, soil, organic matters, and the bodies ...

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Pharmacology Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics History And Development Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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The hemp plant cannabis sativa, versatile plant named by Swedish botanist Linaeus in 1735 originated in Central Asia has been widely distributed around the world. The earliest use of the drug has been known to be in existence since 700 BC in Assyrian tablets drug finding its place even in the British Pharmaceutical Codex, as late as 1949(G. Geoffrey, W. Brain and R. Philip;2004). Cannabis is an ...

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Milk And Milk Products Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Agriculture is the single largest sector in the Pakistan,contributing 21.8 to the gross domestic product and employing approximately 44.7 of the workforce .Livestock is playing a vital role in the economy of Pakistan and account for 51.8 % of the agriculture value added and 11.3% of the national Gross Domestic Product.The milk production in country increased by 35.6% from 1996 to 2007 (Anonymous,2008). Pakistan dairy sector is ...

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Isolation and Observation of Bacteria

23 Mar 2015

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Bacteria are found everywhere (Campbell & Reece, 2005). They have the ability to colonize almost all habitats which means they come in wide varieties of forms. Understanding bacterial structure can therefore make it possible to understand their functions and survival. For example, just by studying the capsule layer of bacteria, one can get an idea of the pathogenicity of the bacteria. But they grow among diverse and ...

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Function Of Water Activity In Food Quality Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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The importance of water activity aw in food systems cannot be overemphasized. Throughout history water activity in food has been controlled by optimizing its usage either through drying, addition of sugar, salt or freezing. These methods prevent spoilage and maintain quality of food. Water activity is the ratio of the partial vapor pressure of water in equilibrium with a food: to the partial saturated vapor pressure of ...

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Zoonotic Diseases Are Common Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Zoonoses describe diseases that can be transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans. Zoonotic diseases are common and are caused by various types of agents, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites [12]. According to the study by Taylor et al. 2001 that out of the 1415 infectious organisms that are pathogenic to humans 61% of them are zoonotic [8]. And over 200 zoonoses related diseases are known ...

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Summary On Stomach Cancer Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Stomach is a muscular, elastic and pear-shaped organ for digestion which is located in the alimentary canal beneath diaphragm. Researchers have identified that the whole of stomach can be divided into 4 sections with each part having a specific role to play in digestion process. They are (1) cardia, which is involved in draining the contents from esophagus to stomach. They mainly consist of mucous secreting glands. ...

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The purpose of the muscular system

23 Mar 2015

3 (1,194 )

Human Biology The human body is covered by muscles, made up of more than 650 of them. The purpose of the muscular system is for the body to move, maintain posture, and produce heat. There are three different types of muscles tissues; cardiac, smooth, and skeletal. There are also two types of muscles are in the body; voluntary and involuntary. The ones which we can move are ...

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Definition Of Genetically Modified Organisms Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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The use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture is rising, but not without debate. There are many scientists who argue that genetic engineering in agriculture is the best way to solve many issues of pov­erty, food security, environmental harm, and the need for increasing competitiveness in sales, but others raise ethi­cal issues regarding the health of the people who consume the genetically modified products, the possible ...

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Domestic Waste Water Characteristics Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Generally domestic wastewater can be classifies in two basic categories. These are brown wastewater (kitchen, bath, laundry) and the black wastewater (urine, faeces and toilet paper) (Ericson 2002). Based on classical wastewater studies, the influent characteristic wastewater can be summarized in three main categories (Metcalf & Eddy 2005). These are: Physical characteristics: The physical characteristics of wastewater include those items that can be detected using the physical ...

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Archaebacteria Resemble Eukaryotes Eubacteria Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Archaebacteria and eubacteria are both prokaryotic cells, both are single celled microorganisms, and are relatively tiny compare to that of eukaryotic cells. Both Archaebacteria and eubacteria divide by a process known as binary fission, and move through the use of flagella Archaebacteria and Eukaryotic Cells both possess a plasma membrane. Archaebacteria have genes, and metabolic pathways which are similar to eukaryotes. Are all mutations dangerous? Explain. No, ...

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Application Of Coordination Compound In Medicines Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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The three series of element arising from the filling of the 3d,4d and 5d shells, and situtedinthe periodic table following the alkaline earth metal , are commonly described as"transition elements",through this term is sometimes also extended to include the lanthanide and actinide(or inner transition) elements.they exhibit a number of characteristic properties which together distinguish them from other group of element: (1)-they are all metals and a such ...

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Formula in differentiating iron deficiency

23 Mar 2015

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ABSTRACT Background: Microcytic anemia is the most common hematologic disorder encountered in Iran. Easy and early differentiation of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and beta thalassemia trait (TT) is an important action particularly in areas where advance equipment is inadequate. Objective: The purpose of the present study is to compare the validity of new index with the various discriminating functions (DF) by calculating statistical tests. Methodology: 317IDA and ...

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Back Pain Causes And Effects Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

6 (2,288 )

According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke (NINDS) back pain is considered one of the most common disabling conditions, being the second most common neurological disorder after headache in the USA and affecting almost 60% of the general population. The essay discusses in details and aided by the latest studies, the various causes of this disease including obesity, occupational hazards, pregnancy, sports and the ...

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Preparation Of Recrystallization Of Aspirin Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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This experiment serves 2 objectives - the production of Aspirin from esterification of salicylic acid with excess acetic anhydride and obtaining it in a purer state by recrystallisation, hence determines the melting point of the acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) that was synthesised and purified. To achieve this, salicylic acid is reacted with excess acetic anhydride in the presence of the sulphuric acid as the catalyst, which produces precipitate ...

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Rna Interference Rnai As A Therapeutic Tool Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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In 1989, Sidney Altman and Thomas Cech received a Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of RNA as a biocatalyst, in addition to being the molecule of heredity. While announcing the award, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences made a perceptive comment: "future use of gene shears will require that we learn more about the molecular mechanisms of RNA". The discovery of an evolutionarily conserved mechanism ...

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Design Of Insulin And Erythropoietin Production Methods Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Insulin is a protein (polypeptide) discovered in 1921 by Banting with the pancreas being the site of its production. It is made up of 51 amino acids, divided into 2 chains; A and B, bonded by disulfide linkages. Chain A is made up of 21 amino acids with an intra-disulphide linkage, while chain B is made up of 30 amino acids (4). Why Insulin? Insulin is important ...

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Experiment To Observe Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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An experiment was conducted to observe the differences in amounts of antibiotic resistant bacteria obtained from 3 East Lansing locations, Burger King, Meijer, and Déjà Vu. A hypothesis was developed which stated that the bathrooms would have more bacteria which is resistant to antibiotics, meaning there would be difference between the two areas, with a null of there being no significant difference between the two. This was ...

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Analysing Vitamins And Minerals Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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A free radical is reactive and unstable electrically charged atom with an unpaired electron in its outermost shell. To become stable, the free radical has to either give up or gain an electron from another molecule (Tortora et al. 2006, p. 32), thus effecting the body's ability to maintain normal cell function (Rolfes et a. 2009, p. 391). Free radicals have been implicated in the aging process, ...

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Effectiveness Of Salt Versus Oral Mouthwash Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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This experiment aims to compare the effectiveness of salt versus oral mouthwash in inhibiting the growth of oral bacteria such as Treponema denticola, Fusospirochetes, Porphyromonas gingivalis and so on. These are chosen as subjects of experiment as they cause Periodontal Disease or Gingivitis among people. Finding a solution to prevent the growth of these disease-causing bacteria will help solving the problem.[10] Salt or Sodium Chloride is an ...

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Describing the bacteria of lactococcus lactis

23 Mar 2015

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The following paper describes the bacteria Lactococcus lactis previously referred to as Streptococcus lactis. Lactococcus lactis is used in the making of dairy products. The most common of these products are milk, cheese, and yogurt. Researchers are also looking at the potential of Lactococcus lactis to be used in conjunction with vaccines. I chose to write about this microbe because of the many uses and interesting facts. ...

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Total And Viable Counts Of Microorganisms Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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The term microorganisms also called microbes refer to small tiny single celled organisms usually not visible to the naked eye. Microorganisms require magnification for proper visualization and resolution of their structure. These involve use of microscopes or magnifying lens with appropriate level of magnification (Tortora, Funke and Case 1995). Microorganisms are found in all living things all over the world i.e. plants and animals. They exist in ...

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Basic Difference Between Spectrometry And Spectroscopy Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Spectrometry is the spectroscopic technique used to assess the concentration or amount of a given chemical (atomic, molecular, or ionic) species. In this case, the instrument that performs such measurements is a spectrometer, spectrophotometer, or spectrograph. Spectroscopy or spectrometry is often used in physical and analytical chemistry for the identification of substances through the spectrum emitted from or absorbed by them. Spectroscopy or spectrometry is also heavily ...

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Blood Blood Components Preservation Storage Transportation Of Blood Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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The primary objective of preservation, storage and transportation of blood and blood components is to preserve the viability and function of each relevant constituent, prevent any physical changes of the blood constituent during storage and minimize bacterial growth. Various anticoagulant-preservative mixtures have been formulated with the ultimate goal of preventing clotting and to provide proper nutrition for cell metabolism during storage. This ensures that blood and blood ...

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Xenobiotics Metabolizing Enzymes Very Important Exogenous Endogenous Compounds Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Xenobiotics metabolizing enzymes (XMES) are very important for metabolizing of exogenous and endogenous compounds [23]. They are involved in the biotransformation of exogenous compounds like procarcinogen, drugs, solvents. They are categorized into parts: phase I and phase II enzymes. Cytochrome 450 family comes under phase I enzyme. Cytochrome P450 family of enzymes is mainly involved in synthesis and metabolism processes of exogenous and endogenous compounds. CYP genes ...

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Properties And Uses Of Green Fluorescent Protein

23 Mar 2015

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ABSTRACT Green fluorescent protein has natural fluorescent properties which can be used in various applications. Mutagenesis of wild type GFP gives variants that are widely used as protein fusion tags, as biomarkers, used in studying protein interactions and localization of signals. GFP variants have led to technological advancement in biological studies such as FRET. In this review, we will study properties, uses, and variants of GFP developed ...

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Function Of The Immune System Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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The function of the immune system is to keep contagious microorganisms, such as definite bacteria, viruses and fungi, out of the body, and to demolish any infectious microorganisms that do attack the body. The immune system is completed by a complex and imperative network of cells and organs that guard the body from infection (1). The organs of the immune system are called the lymphoid organs, which ...

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Stoichiometry Is A Branch Of Chemistry Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Stoichiometry is a branch of chemistry that deals with relative quantities of reactants and products in a chemical equation. In a balanced chemical equation, we can found the relation (quantities) between products and reactants typically form the ratio of positive integers. Hence, we can use this ratio to determine the quantities such as amount of products produced or amount of reactant used in the term of volume, ...

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The Effect of Temperature on Physiological Processes in Daphnia Magna

23 Mar 2015

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Abstract The physiological processes of many organisms are sensitive to temperature. In order to see this effect of temperature, we examined the heart rate of a Daphnia magna over a range of different temperatures. Being an ectothermic animal, the Daphnia's body temperature is dependent on water temperature. It was hypothesized that since most physiological processes are faster at higher temperatures, the Daphnia's heart rate will be faster ...

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Phenomenon Of Dna Transformation Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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1.0 Introduction and Objectives The ability of bacteria to incorporate DNA from external sources is the primary reason for their survival and proliferation. Bacteria can take DNA from their surroundings or from other bacterial cells by cell wall-transfer. While an interesting phenomenon to examine for scientists, practically it is of great concern for the human race and a source of constant challenge for the Pharmaceutical Industry. The ...

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Enzyme Activity As A Function Of Substrate Concentration Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

4 (1,458 )

The effect of concentration on enzyme activity. It can be noted that both enzyme solution used had different results. Enzyme activity was greater when using the chicken liver rather than the cow liver. Generally the enzyme activity increases as the drops of the enzyme (concentration) increases. There was a significant increase when six drops of enzyme solution (chicken liver) was added. The height of the bubble rose ...

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Role Of Acidifier In Poultry Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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To avoid poultry from different types of pathogens mainly antibiotics are used in past, because these antibiotics act as antimicrobial agent. These antibiotics also improve the digestion due to the effect on intestinal micro flora. But now day's antibiotics are replaced by organic acids as individual acid or blend of acids because they also have antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of organic acids is pH dependent. When ...

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The Purification Of Recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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A series of experiments were performed on the E.coli strain BL21 pLysS pRSETA-GFPUV in order to express and purify a recombinant form of Green Fluorescent Protein (rGFP) using Ni2+-Agarose chromatography based on the rGFP His6 tag properties. A rGFP crude extract (GCE) was collected and later purified resulting in 10 washes and 10 elutions. A Bradford assay was performed on the first 6 samples of the washes ...

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Bacterial Biofilms Formation And Quorum Sensing Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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Biofilms is a community of microorganisms irreversibly attached to a surface, producing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), exhibiting an altered phenotype compared with corresponding planctonic cells, especially with reagard to gene transcription, and interacting with each other' (D.Lindsay, December 2006) 2.1 Biofilm consist of three components: Surface of attachment is a core factor for bacterial biofilm formation. It is conditioned by adsorption of organic and inorganic nutrients that ...

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Electrolytic And Electrochemical Cell Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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The redox reaction in an electrolytic cell is nonspontaneous. Electrical energy is required to induce the electrolysis reaction. An example of an electrolytic cell is shown below, in which molten NaCl is electrolyzed to form liquid sodium and chlorine gas. The sodium ions migrate toward the cathode, where they are reduced to sodium metal. Similarly, chloride ions migrate to the anode and are oxided to form chlorine ...

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Less Lethal Weapons In Law Enforcement Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

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For decades, the only weapons law enforcement had at its disposal were lethal weapons and physical force using a wooden night stick or baton. New less harmful or less lethal weapons were needed due to the ever increasing violence in our communities and the demand for better crime control, especially after the widespread scrutiny of law enforcement after highly publicized use of force incidents such as the ...

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The Peroxide In Fatty Acid Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

3 (1,108 )

Oils or fats including edible oil are in great demand everyday as the principal materials for foods, cooking and so forth, therefore, a determination of the degree of oxidation or deterioration of oils or fats is a daily requirement from the viewpoint of hygiene and sanitation, tastes and odors of foods manufactured or cooked. The peroxide value is a measure of those substances in sample, expressed in ...

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Similarities Between Mechanical And Chemical Digestion Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

6 (2,085 )

Mechanical digestion is the breakdown of solid food into smaller particles and readies the substance for further breakdown in order for the body to obtain nourishment. Chemical digestion is the breakdown of food into smaller substances, nutrients, which can be absorbed by the body. Mechanical and chemical digestion are processes that occur in the alimentary canal and serve a common goal of providing the body with nutrients, ...

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An Overview Of Bone Marrow Transplantation Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

3 (978 )

Bone marrow transplants is recognized as a very effective treatment for certain types of cancer or diseases like leukemia, aplastic anemia, immune deficiency disorders, lymphoma multiple myeloma or some solid tumors like breast or ovarian cancer Bone marrow transplant is a medical procedure that transfuses marrow from one person to another or to the same person . Bone Marrow is the sort sponge-like material found inside human ...

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Feeding Of Goats At Different Stages Of Life Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

4 (1,565 )

Feed is very important for livestock as for dairy or beef/mutton purpose. To get a maximum profit from any livestock a good feeding management and feeding according to nutrient requirements is necessary. If feeding is not according to requirement, most of the feed nutrient is loss and there is no effect on the performance of the animal .feed is a single most cost in any livestock raising. ...

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Methods For The Analysis Of Salbutamol Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

7 (2,555 )

Salbutamol is a short acting ß2 adrenergic receptor agonist. It is a bronchodilator medicine used in conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, bronchitis and other lung related problems. Salbutamol acts by stimulating ß2 receptors in the airway and lungs. This stimulation results in the activation of adenylate cyclase and the subsequent increase in cAMP. These changes allow bronchial smooth muscle relaxation giving the patient ...

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Beta Thalassemia An Evolutionary Perspective Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

8 (3,101 )

Beta-thalassema is an inherited autosomal-recessive blood disease affecting red blood cells. A mutation or deletion in the gene that codes for the beta chain of the hemoglobin molecule causes reduced (or in more severe cases, no) synthesis of the hemoglobin beta chain. This can cause anemia or other related symptoms in the patient. Beta-thalassemia is most prevalent in the region of the world surrounding the Mediterranean Sea ...

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Factors Increasing Extinction Rates in Giant Panda Populations

23 Mar 2015

5 (1,681 )

Ailuropoda melanoleuca otherwise known as the "Giant Panda" is categorised as an "endangered species" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN, 2007a). This means that this is an animal which is at a very high risk of facing extinction, i.e. the species will die off. This has been a main concern for conservation since the 1950's, as at present there are approximately one thousand and ...

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Order Of Reaction With Respect To Sodium Thiosulphate Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

4 (1,514 )

To study the effect of reactant concentration on the rate of the reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid AND to determine the order of sodium thiosulphate. The reaction used in this experiment is between dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate (formula Na2S2O3). You can see from the chemical equation below that one of the products is sulphur, which does not dissolve in water. As the reaction ...

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Antimicrobial Activity Of Coconut Water Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

3 (1,026 )

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the common term for the heterogenous group of conditions in which there is growth of bacteria in the urinary tract.1 UTIs occur in 3-5% of girls and 1% of boys. After the first UTI, 60-80% of girls will develop a second UTI within 18 mo. In boys, most UTIs occur during the 1st yr of life. UTIs are much more common in ...

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Phylogenetic Tree And Branching Diagrams Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

4 (1,286 )

A universal phylogenetic tree in the other word is called evolutionary tree. From the word we can tells that it is about the relationship of evolution between various species of animal which represented in a branching diagram or tree-like diagram. The taxa which draw into the diagram are according to their similarities and differences in their physical and genetic materials. Animal at the tip of the tree ...

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The Demise Of The Kiwi In New Zealand Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

7 (2,463 )

The kiwi (Apteryx) is a flightless bird endemic to New Zealand. Widely known as the elusive national symbol of New Zealand, the kiwi is an endangered species occupying areas of both the north and south islands of this South Pacific nation. Comparable to the size of a domestic chicken, this unique species belongs to an ancient group of birds called the ratites, commonly known for their lack ...

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Rate Of Cellular Respiration Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

11 (4,134 )

In the lab the relative volume of O2 consumed by germinating and non-germinating peas at room temperature and 10ËšC was determined. The central purpose was to find the affect of germination and temperature on the rate of cellular respiration. The results indicated that the respirometers that contained germinated peas had a greater rate of cellular respiration compared to those with non-germinating and showed that cellular respiration was ...

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Analysis Of The UV Visible Spectroscopy Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

8 (2,803 )

Purpose of this term paper is to describe working principle, instrumentation, data collection and data analysis of the UV-Visible spectroscopy which is also known as "electron spectroscopy". In working principle, Beer-lambert law correlate absorption of light to concentration of substance in solution. Parts of UV-Visible spectrometer have been described. Data analysis and data collection section describe how data collected by system and what type of information we ...

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Aspartame An In Depth Look At Sweeteners Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

8 (3,182 )

This paper highlights the research and controversy surrounding the food additive, aspartame. Why as we, most Americans are unaware of the dangers of aspartame, although a large amount of research has been done. This paper will highlight the components of aspartame; how it was invented, approved by the FDA, is made and metabolized within the human body. As well as scientific studies and research on the substance. ...

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History Of Salicylic Acid Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

5 (1,946 )

Salicylic acid is found naturally in the bark of the willow tree. It has been used for centuries to relieve a variety of ailments. It has also been developed in a variety of products in the areas of skin care, cosmetics and stomach relief. Salicylic acid is a wonder drug. But what are its physical and chemical properties? What chemical reactions are used in manufacturing and using ...

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Advantages Of Transmucosal Route Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

5 (1,729 )

INTRODUCTION: Among the various routes of the drug delivery, oral route is mostly favored by the patients and preferred by the clinicians. However, peroral (Jain.et.al.,2003) administrations of drugs have disadvantages such as hepatic first-pass metabolism and enzymatic degradation within the GI, which thus prohibits oral administration of certain classess of drugs. A rapid onset of pharmacological effect is often preferred from drugs, especially in the treatment of ...

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Theories Of Drunvalo Melchizadek And Jungian Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

5 (1,817 )

In genetics, it is understood that humans have 44 chromosomes (22 pairs), plus 2 "sex" chromosomes that determine gender. That is scientific fact. Here's where it gets tricky. Suppose one has more or less than 44? Indeed, it can happen; some genetic disorders are caused by this. But what affect could it have not simply on the human body, but on the human consciousness? From the metaphysicist ...

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Viral symbioses

23 Mar 2015

3 (866 )

        In ecology, symbiosis is described as a relationship between two different species in which one organism lives off on another and the other organism lives inside the other. Symbiotic relationships are characterized based on the kind of relationship they share with another organism. Although symbiosis usually occurs between virus-virus and virus-host, virus-host relationships are among the most studied and familiar relationships.(Kimball) Viruses are known to be good ...

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Adaptive Wing Design For A Morphing Mav Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

17 (6,546 )

The wing design of a Micro Air Vehicle is to be designed to aid in the assessment of earthquake damage. The MAV is required only to be powered by an electrical motor, limiting flight time and endurance/range, and must be able to fly to the scene quickly and efficiently. Therefore, the analysis of the wing structure is two-fold: 1) having an efficient wing design for cruise (faster) ...

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Explanation Of The Digestive System And Associated Diseases Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

8 (2,801 )

Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, a process required for survival. Without the capability to break food down into molecules small enough to enter the blood stream, an organisms energy levels would not support life. In humans and animals, blood cells must maintain a constant supply of energy for growth, repair, and reproduction. This energy is derived through ingested food that is broken down ...

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Samples Of Pond Water Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

12 (4,454 )

In this lab, samples of pond water were taken and measured using the Wrinkler and the Light and Dark bottle method in order to study the effects of the environment on primary productivity in organisms The central purpose was to determine the effect of temperature on the amount of dissolved oxygen and photosyntehitic activity on primary productivity. The results from part A indicate that as temperature increases ...

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Laboratory Investigations Of Urinary Tract Infections Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

6 (2,016 )

Urinary tract infection (UTIs) are common bacterial infections that occur in the urinary tract which is one of the most susceptible sites for bacterial infections. Bacterial infections caused by pathogens like Eschrichia coli also contribute to community acquired infections. In comparison to the hospital- acquired infections the community- acquired UTIs are more common.Females are mostly affected by Urinary tract infections when compared to males which is due ...

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Water Pollution In The Arab Gulf Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

5 (1,867 )

This report discusses the pollution in the Arab Gulf due to oil spills. First, It mentions the causes of the oil spills and the natural process after the spills. It also mentions the effects of the oil spills on the marine life with more details. Also, it gives some possible solutions that can be used to clean up the oil spill. Introduction: The Arab gulf is considered ...

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Communications Module 4 Modulation Principle Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

11 (4,011 )

Modulation is the process of modifying the characteristic of one signal in accordance with some characteristic of another signal. In most cases, the information signal, be it voice, video, binary data, or some other information, is normally used to modify a higher-frequency signal known as the carrier. The information signal is usually called the modulating signal, and the higher-frequency signal which is being modulated is called the ...

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Myoglobin In The Utilization Of Oxygen In Animals Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

4 (1,392 )

Myoglobin is an oxygen-binding globular protein which is vital in facilitating the acquisition and utilization of oxygen in animals. Myoglobin was isolated and purified from ground water buffalo extract. The Myoglobin was isolated by cation-exchange chromatography, and concentration of Myoglobin is measured by spectrophotometry. Total concentration of protein was determined by performing Bradford protein assay. Iron analysis was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Molecular weight of ...

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Msg And Its Neurological Effects Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

7 (2,420 )

Due to evolving since in fields such as food science pharmacology, pediatrics, medical psychology, and toxicology, various food additives have come under a sharp review. In the medical field, a controversy has been ranging as to whether MSG should be used at all since diverse research case studies have not only shown its negative effects on health in general but also its neurological effects. Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) ...

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Sterilization By Saturated Steam Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

7 (2,625 )

Many microorganisms are non-pathogenic and can live in harmony with humans as they do not cause disease. However pathogenic microorganisms can be deadly and therefore need to be eliminated from certain environments. These environments can be hospitals; individuals are already unwell and their immune systems are compromised making them susceptible to infection, water treatment, food and pharmaceutical production; supply available to communities making everyone susceptible, and laboratories; ...

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Factors Affecting Urease Activity Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

3 (1,153 )

Aim: To investigate Urease activity and the effect of two other chemicals which are Lead Nitrate, and Thiourea (CS (NH2)2 Background Information Urease is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea as shown below: CO (NH2)2 + H20 CO2 + 2NH3 Ammonia releases and dissolves in water to form ammonium hydroxide, which is a strong base. NH3 + H20 NH4+ OH- The level of alkali can ...

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Biochemistry Of Human Metabolism Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

8 (2,847 )

Although moderate exercise can benefit health, acute and rigorous exercise regime can be sometimes hazardous to health. Regular exercise will reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases. However the amount of exercise required to achieve beneficial effects has not been clearly defined but to gain maximum health benefits, the frequency, intensity and the duration of exercise and pre-exercise fitness levels will be ...

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Physiochemical Properties Of Chicken Nuggets Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

16 (6,337 )

A study on the effects of frying temperature and time on physiochemical properties of chicken nuggets, and its effect on moisture and oil content of jackfruit chips during conventional and microwave frying were investigated. The results indicated that an increase in frying temperature leads to moisture content reduction. Oil content of chicken nuggets increased as frying time increased. Frying temperature significantly affected oil content of coating part ...

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An Analysis Of Sertaconazole Nitrate Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

17 (6,686 )

They are enormous and diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds. The major difference between fungal cells and plant cells is that the fungal cells have cell walls that contain chitin while the cell walls present in plants contain cellulose. Fungi play an essential and important role in the decay of organic matter and both nutrient cycling and exchange. When fungi ...

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The Biopharmaceuticals An Overview Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

7 (2,790 )

Biopharmaceuticals are defined as proteins and nucleic acids which are used for therapeutic purpose. These are high molecular weight substances prepared by biotechnological means and genetically engineered. Due to their complex structure and intricate molecular composition it is very difficult to characterize and formulate such products. Most of these products are derived from biological species and genetically engineered to produce a potent compound [1-3]. Humulin (biosynthetic recombinant ...

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Function Of Enzymes In A Metabolic Reaction Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

3 (1,052 )

Enzymes have a fundamental role in all metabolic reaction that occurs in all living organisms. Enzymes are proteins which has the ability to bind to substrates and break substrate into products. In most cases, enzymes act as catalyst as they aid the reactants to come closer by using their active sites. In this essay I will be reviewing the structure and function of a serine protease known ...

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Food Flavours Can Be Natural Biology Essay

23 Mar 2015

3 (844 )

Flavour is the utmost important factor for all consumers that undergo various biochemical enzymatic and chemical processes which are active in plants and animals during growth, ripening and maturation. Food flavours can be natural as well as artificial (used to enhanced weak flavours, or replace natural flavour that are lost during food processing), desirable and non desirable (e.g. rotten eggs). Flavours are organic compounds that belong to ...

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