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Cigarette Smoke Affects The Mold Growth On Bread Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

15 Pages (5,809 Words)

The effect of exposed cigarette smoke on the amount of mold growth on bread is analyzed. What exactly is cigarette smoke? What is bread and how do these elements or substances work together to produce such a bacteria? How does mold and cigarette effect its environment and all living things within it? Cigarette smoke, also known as environmental tobacco smoke, is made of tobacco. It is considered ...

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Synthesis Extraction And Purification Of Fullerenes Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,337 Words)

There are many methods to synthesis C60 and C70 in gram quantities in the laboratory. In addition, higher mass fullerenes (larger fullerenes molecules) can be produced and isolated , albeit in very small amounts [1]. Most methods for generation of large quantities of fullerenes produce a mixture of impurity molecules and stable fullerenes. For this reason, fullerene synthesis must be followed by processes of extraction and purification ...

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The metabolism

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (969 Words)

The lipids are essential components of the human organism and the most of them are hydrophobic and amphipathic. Some lipids are fatty acids, cholesterol, steroid hormones, eicosanoids, bile salts and glycerophospholipids in the human body. The synthesis of these lipids is very important in metabolism. The main catabolic pathway of the lipids is the fatty acid oxidation (β-oxidation) in which the fatty acids chains are broken down ...

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Introduced Animal Species In Australia Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,089 Words)

The geographical isolation of Australia has resulted in the development of many delicate ecosystems that are very sensitive to exotic invaders and in many cases cannot provide natural predators for many of the species introduced. The introduction and spread of invasive animals can disrupt the balances between populations, and possibly develop into environmental problems. Given the drastic destruction that some introduced species have caused, no more exotic ...

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The Integumentary Organ System Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,501 Words)

The integumentary system is the organ system that is made up of the skin, which can be hair, feather, nails, and scales. The integumentary system is vital to an organism because it acts as a shield and protects the organism from the outside environment like the weather, infectious organisms and acts as an touch and pain receptor. The integumentary system consists of three layers: the epidermis, dermis, ...

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Biochemical Analysis Determination Of Sugar Content Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,173 Words)

Determination of sugars (total sugar, reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar) were carried out though Lane and Eynon Method as described by James (1995). Total sugar and reducing sugar: Took 5 g of sample into a beaker and added 100 ml of warm water. The solution was stired until all the soluble matters were dissolved and filtered through wattman paper into a 250 volumetric flask. Pipetted 100 ml ...

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Review on Deep-sea Anglerfish Reproduction

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,320 Words)

Nature's Example of a Total Reduction in the Role of Males: A Review on Deep-sea Anglerfish Reproduction Abstract Introduction The Deep Ocean Waters that cover ocean basins constitute the largest living space on earth. This immense environment is home to the largest animal communities on the planet-largest in terms of biomass, numbers of individuals, and area extent (Robison, 2004). Despite its obvious significance to the biosphere, the ...

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Identifying The Unknown Bacterium 12 Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,571 Words)

The intent of this report is to identify Unknown #12. The conclusion of Unknown #12's identity was reached after a series of tests and subcultures were conducted using aseptic techniques. Aseptic techniques are necessary in order to avoid contamination of the culture being examined. Dr. Burne assisted in the conclusion of the identity of the unknown by informing the class of the results for the Oxidase and ...

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Significance Of Malaria As A Public Health Issue Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,542 Words)

Etiology of malaria. Malaria is an infectious disease, which can cause flu-like symptoms. The virus is transmitted via parasite carried by mosquitoes. Malaria continues to be an issue in tropical and subtropical areas and remains one of the world's leading death-causing infections. Malaria is single celled organism. There are four different classes of malaria parasites (1) Plasmodium vivax is universal and widely distributed in subtropical and temperate ...

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Quantitative Tests For Amino Acids And Proteins Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,087 Words)

The purpose is , determining whether amino acids or proteins are present in solution and amino acids are carrying a free amine group by using biuret test, ninhydrin test, xanthoproteic test and heavy metal precipitation test. THEORY : Proteins are organic compounds made of amino acids.The amino acids joined together by the peptide bonds.Proteins have three dimensional structures. Primary structure is the amino acid sequence.Secondary structure , ...

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The Role Of Genomics In Cancer Medicine Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,067 Words)

Genomics is a new science which concerns the study of genomes, the entire complement of genetic material of an individual. In fact, genomics also includes the study of gene expression, from transcription of DNA to translation, its expression as a protein. Genomics aims at understanding the structure, function and evolution of all genomes. This field is based on determining the essential nature of genome structure and will ...

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Studying The Peach Fruit Fly, Bactrocera zonata

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,786 Words)

Abstract The peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) is one of the most harmful species of Tephritidae. It is a polyphagous species attacking more than 40 species of fruit crops and has also been recorded from wild host plants. The peach fruit fly is a serious pest of peach, guava and mango; secondary hosts include apricot, fig and citrus. It causes serious economic losses, either by direct ...

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The Concept Of Blood Donation Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,519 Words)

Qualification of blood donors has become a lengthy and detailed process, a 'donor inquisition' some would say. Yet blood collection depends on this system of safeguards to protect the donor from injury and the recipient from the risks of allogeneic blood. Sensitive screening tests have been considered the cornerstone of blood safety for more than three decades. However, testing represents only one component of this system. Additional ...

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The Biology Cell Structure And Function Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,909 Words)

This assignment will cover the structure of a cell, the role of the organelles within the cell and the production of proteins within a cell. The cell which has been chosen for this assignment is the Beta Cell which produces the protein Insulin. "One of the greatest medical events was the discovery of insulin. The importance of insulin is juxtaposed with that of glucose, our body's basic ...

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Cri Du Chat Syndrome And Causes Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,314 Words)

Most cases of Cri-du-chat syndrome are not the result of an inherited problem. Cri-du-chat syndrome result from a deletion in the DNA molecule that makes up a chromosome. In most cases, this chromosome break will occur in the developing egg or sperm. When this gamete is fertilized, the child will develop cri-du-chat syndrome. The parents, however, do not have the break themselves in any of their other ...

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Physiological Effect Of Buteyko Breathing Technique Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,548 Words)

Lung disease is any pathology that occurs in the lung components and causes the lungs not to function properly and this may lead to serious problems that may cause death. They are considered the third killing factor worldwide. Lung diseases include emphysema , bronchitis, bronchial asthma, pulmonary failure, pneumonia, tuberculosis and pulmonary embolism. These diseases have the following signs and symptoms which are coughing , dyspnea, short ...

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Solubility And K Dependence On Temperature Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,014 Words)

An exothermic reaction is one which has a negative ΔH value while an endothermic reaction is one which has a positive ΔH value. Based on the results, the dissolution of potassium hydrogen tartrate has a ΔH° value of 3.89 *104. Therefore as 3.89 *104 > 0, the dissolution of potassium hydrogen tartrate is endothermic, i.e. heat must be added to dissolve the salt in water. This is ...

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Changes In Physiochemical Properties Of Kerisi Surimi Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,313 Words)

Processing of minced fish meat is by separating the edible flesh from waste. Additional steps are applied to the minced fish meat to produce surimi. Surimi is originated from Japanese word, intend to mimic the texture and colour of other shellfish. Common fish used in production of surimi is cold water white fish. This experiment is aimed to monitor the effect of processing conditions on physicochemical properties ...

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High temperature tolerance in soybean

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

26 Pages (10,075 Words)

Introduction The world today is faced with great challenges to produce adequate food, fiber, feed, industrial products and ecosystem services for the globe's 6.4 billion people. With nearly 80 million people are being added every year, and ecosystem goods and services must be developed to meet 8 billion by the year 2025 and over 12 billion by 2050. About 84% of this growth is expected to occur ...

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Anticancer Drugs Doxorubicin And Cyclophosphamide Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,687 Words)

The available anticancer drugs doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide are used in several types of cancer treatment. In this practical, we will use the MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines to access the sensitivity of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in vitro with the method of MTT assay. MCF-7 breast cancer cells, ductal epithelial cell lines are characterized by receptor functions (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor , Her2/neu- ) and these cells are ...

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Differences In Grid And Air Gap Technique

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,221 Words)

2.1 Introduction In this chapter, a literature review was carried out so that adequate information about the differences in grid and air-gap technique could be gathered with emphasis on why these techniques are important in plain radiography of the lateral hip. These two techniques will be analysed to explain better the acquisition of the image. Both techniques will be compared and their advantages and disadvantages discussed. This ...

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Cultural Adaptations to Heat Stress in Dry Environments

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,105 Words)

Human beings have long inhabited hot environments, and have developed several physiological mechanisms in order to deal with heat stress. We are exposed to two kinds of heat stress, environmental and metabolic, on a regular basis. Heat can be gained from the environment through radiation, convection and conduction, as well as created during the course of metabolic activity, which is compounded by exertion. The heat gained from ...

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Comparison of eggshell composition, formation and function of oviparous amniotic vertebrate eggs

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,222 Words)

Egg Shell Composition and Structure Reptiles (Lepidophores and Testudines) A mineralized egg shell membrane evolved as a synapamorphy for reptilia (1). The mineral content and structure of eggshells vary among reptilian species. Egg shells of many reptiles consist of a fibrous shell membrane connected to the albumen, as well as a calcareous layer attached to the outer surface of the membrane. The inorganic content of ...

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Health Benefits Of Intermittent Fasting Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,640 Words)

So far, I have shared with you my own story, and details of the success that I achieved personally through a program of intermittent fasting. I hope that you have found my story interesting, perhaps even inspiring, and that you feel positive towards introducing a regime of intermittent fasting in your own life. However, you may be wondering whether one person's achievement can translate into success in ...

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Important Of Sight For The Purpose Of Survival Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,481 Words)

The importance of sight has been one of the most taken for granted systems in the human body. Sight, like the other four senses, plays an important role in the survival of an individual. In primitive humans, a loss of vision would make predator avoidance and food gathering difficult. Hence, there is an evolutionary pressure to maintain vision even when the eye sustains injury. While the eye ...

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The Problem Of Chronic Ketamine Abuse Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,706 Words)

The desire to alter consciousness is a fundamental human trait. From being something impossible to finding numerous chemicals in controlling the mind, the process of discovery has also created opportunities for us to explore the effects and mind-tricks behind it. Just like any other new inventions in technology, there is always a path that leads to a wrong destination. The use of psychoactive drugs has turned into ...

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Analysis Of Forensic Science Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,542 Words)

Forensic science is widely used in the service of the justice system (Jackson). It has helped in solving cases by providing important clues and evidences. The usage of forensics in solving crime cases is inevitable. Forensic sciences is used in various areas like fingerprinting, DNA profiling, blood stain detection and many more. From the early days of complicated body measurements to today's sophisticated biometric devices, the identification ...

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The Synthesis Of Aspirin Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,692 Words)

The objective of this experiment is to enable us to conduct the synthesis of aspirin, reinforce the skills of recrystallisation and reinforce the technique of melting point determination. It is carried out to form ester from an acid and an alcohol. The main procedures are preparation of aspirin, recrystallisation of aspirin and lastly determining the melting point of the aspirin. For preparation of Aspirin, acetic anhydride is ...

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The Evolution Of The Sea Turtles Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,791 Words)

Sea turtles are large, air-breathing reptiles that inhabit all but the coldest of the world's oceans, however nest only tropical and sub-tropical beaches, where it is warm enough to incubate their eggs. Due to turtles being reptiles, they have evolved from amphibians,Â an even earlier class of vertebrates that lives on both land and in fresh water. Over time, the reptiles came to dominate the Earth. But it ...

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The Prevention Of Malaria Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,433 Words)

We use cell phones, ride metros, and take advantages of the latest gizmos but when it comes to malaria we come back to the old battle of man and mosquito. The story of malaria prevention and control has been a mixed bag of successes and failures with many initiatives receiving flak and others stick in the system. History of malaria prevention and control in our country is ...

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Blood Diseases Sickle Cell Anaemia Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,143 Words)

Blood disease is a disorder or disease which will affect one or more parts of the blood , preventing our blood from performing its job in an effective rate . Sometimes , it is also known as blood disorder ( Martin , E.A. , ed. , 2010 ) . Nowadays , there are many types of blood diseases and they are growing public health problems affecting many ...

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Is human evolution is gradual or punctuated?

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,148 Words)

Because the fossil record did not exhibit Darwin's predicted slow and gradual evolution with transitional forms, some paleontologists sought to find a theory of evolution where, "changes in populations might occur too rapidly to leave many transitional fossils" (see Figure from Gould and Eldredge 1977 . In 1972, Gould and Eldredge proposed the theory of "punctuated equilibrium" where most evolution takes place in small populations over relatively ...

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The agrobacterium tumefaciens diseases

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

23 Pages (8,892 Words)

1.0 INTRODUCTION Agrobacterium Tumefaciens is a rod shaped gram negative bacterium. It is the major causal agent of crown gall diseases in dicotyledon plants from over 600 species belonging to 90 families (De Block et al., 1985). Agrobacterium Tumefaciens induced grown gall disease by integrating a part of its tumor inducing or Ti plasmid into the genome of the plant. The specific segment from the Ti plasmid ...

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Cushings Syndrome Hormonal Disorder Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,005 Words)

The human body is an advance piece of machinery which possesses many organs and systems that regulate the numerous processes that keeps every part functioning to sustain normal life or Homeostasis. In the event that any of these numerous processes occur unchecked with absolutely no controlling limits it results in a physiological disorder, syndrome or disease; each of these syndromes have characteristic effects on the human anatomy ...

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Effect And Consequences Phenomena Of Habitat Fragmentation Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,151 Words)

Habitat fragmentation is currently one of the most concern topics in threatening process of biodiversity. It is a natural process which a particular habitat is separated and divided into smaller pieces due to physical barriers such as mountains, rivers and other landscapes. This process takes place within a long period of time, and speciation occurs through it. However, the interference of human activities has increased the rate ...

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Fractional Distillation Process To Separate Two Organic Liquids Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,600 Words)

Distillation is a very useful method of purifiying liquids. Simple distillation is used when a pure solvent is required to be obtained from the solution. This is usually water. On the other hand, fractional distilation is basically used for the separation of a mixture of two miscible organic liquids having different boiling points. A common example of two liquids that mix with each other are ethanol and ...

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Looking At Coordination Compounds Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,718 Words)

In order to explain the formulae and structures of the complex compounds, or complexes, formed by transition metal salts with molecular species such as ammonia, Werner coined the terms primary valence and secondary valence, as explained in Chapter 1. These concepts remain valid today except that the term oxidation state has replaced 'primary valence' and the term coordination number has replaced 'secondary valence'. Werner had recognized that ...

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The Structure And Function Of The Erythrocytes Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,043 Words)

Red blood cells are highly specialised cells that are adopted to perform their main function of transporting oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body tissues. Red blood cells are formed in the bone marrow and developed from the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The red blood cell contains haemoglobin that authorizes the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Haemoglobin is a pigment that gives ...

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A Review Of Types Of Transmembrane Proteins Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,100 Words)

Answer: Transmembrane proteins span entire biological membrane. They are also called as integral proteins because they run throughout the biomembrane. The firm attachment of Integral proteins to membranes is actually the result of hydrophobic interaction between membrane lipids and hydrophobic domains of the protein. There are 2 types of transmembrane proteins Alpha Helical: Present in inner membranes of bacterial cells or plasma membranes of eukaryotes. This is ...

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Vegetable Oils Determining Degree Of Unsaturation And Viscosity Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,115 Words)

Oil is an integral part of everyone's life. Life without oil is not possible, especially in cooking. But there is a limit to which how much oil can be used for the purpose of cooking. The health factors have to be considered. There are different types of oil that are used for cooking and eating purposes. But how many of them are actually safe for health? How ...

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The Use Of A Spectrophotometer Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,777 Words)

Spectrophotometry is the quantifiable study of interaction of electromagnetic radiations with the matter. Electromagnetic radiations do not require any medium for its transmission. It consists of two components, electric and magnetic field. Spectrophotometry involves the use of a spectrophotometer. A spectrophotometer is a photometer (a device for measuring light intensity) that can measure intensity as a function of the color (or more specifically the wavelength) of light. ...

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Membrane Structure And Function Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,328 Words)

Chapter title: Membrane Structure and Function. The "ability of the cell to discriminate in its chemical exchanges with the environment is fundamental to life, and it is the plasma membrane that makes this selectivity possible." Membrane The membranes that are found within cells (plus the plasma membrane surrounding cells) consist of phospholipids (and other lipids plus membrane proteins) arrayed by hydrophobic exclusion into two-dimensional fluids known as ...

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Examining mitosis at the tip of the plant

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,971 Words)

Cells which are actively dividing mitotically can be found at the root tip region of a plant. This experiment is conducted to observe the mitosis process occur at the root tip of the plant, comparing the sizes of cell undergoing division with the one that is not, and to calculate the mitotic index of the tissue region. The mitosis occurs at the root tip is observed under ...

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Polycystic Kidney Disease Current Interests Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,430 Words)

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is one of the most common life threatening genetic disorder and affects many people worldwide. It can vary in certain parts of the world from 1 to 400 people to 1 in 1000 people affected worldwide depending on the part of the world. PKD is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid - filled cysts on the kidneys which dramatically ...

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Importance Of Staphylococcus Aureus To Humans Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,385 Words)

The bacterial genus to be isolated and identification in this project is Staphylococcus. This genus has been chosen for the reason of its abundance on the skin of mammals and the pathogenic nature of one of its member, Staphylococcus aureus. Apart from skin infections, Staphylococcus aureus could mutate to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In both cases, these give rise to medical implications. In addition, the distinctive features ...

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Mitochondrial Dna And Genetic Evidence Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

19 Pages (7,573 Words)

Introduction: The Out of Africa model, also referred to as the African origins, total replacement, Noah's ark or Eve model is one model suggesting the origins of humankind. This model hypothesizes that the evolution of the modern humankind from their archaic ancestors occurred in one place at the one time. It suggests that modern humans arose as a new species about 150,000 years ago and that this ...

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Structure Of Skeletal Muscle And Locomotion Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,149 Words)

Locomotion of the human body is a result from the alternate contractions and expansion of the muscles[1]. These contractions are generally caused by conversion of chemical energy to forces and moments therefore creating[1]. Based on the properties of muscles (structural and contractile), the muscular system of the human body is classified into three categories ; skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle.[1 & 2]. In this essay ...

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Common Ion Effect On A Dynamic Equilibrium Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,190 Words)

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of concentration and temperature changes on the position of equilibrium in a chemical system and to observe the common-ion effect on a dynamic equilibrium (Beran, 2009). LeChatelier's Principle states that if and external stress is applied to a system in a state of dynamic equilibrium, the equilibrium shifts in the direction that minimizes the effect of that ...

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The cause, effect and symptoms of breast cancer

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,637 Words)

Breast cancer is the growth of tissues in the breast. It starts off as a "single abnormal cell that grows into a benign tumor." (Mader123). Breast cancer begins in the milk ducts, where extra lining of cells are formed and fill the ducts. Breast cancer usually is formed on the ductal carcinoma or ductal cancer, and lobular carcinoma or lobular cancer, which allows for there to be ...

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The Formation Of Biotite Mica Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,567 Words)

Biotite Mica; is a common metamorphic, igneous and sedimentary mineral, the mineral is stable at a variety of grades of metamorphism but can be inverted into chlorite, and can be formed from the alteration of muscovite. The formation of Biotite Mica is most common at depths lower than 24 km and at temperatures exceeding 320°C. Muscovite Mica; is a common metamorphic, igneous and sedimentary mineral, and often ...

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Vitamin E And Fat Soluble Vitamins Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,916 Words)

Vitamin E is one of 4 fat-soluble vitamins. The vitamin is formed by plants, and has eight unlike isoforms separated into two classes of four vitamins each. The compounds include of a 6-chromanol ring and an isoprenoid side chain.The group bond to the R1, R2 and R3 position on the 6-chromanol ring verify whether the vitamin is acknowledged as alpha, beta, gamma, or delta.(www.exrx.nt,2011) A large body ...

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Topics Of Study In Radiobiology Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,208 Words)

As stated in the oxford concise colour medical dictionary radiobiology is the branch of science dealing with the effects of radiation on biological systems. It is further stated that a sequence of events that deals with the absorption of energy from ionizing radiation to the efforts of the organism in order to compensate for the effects of this energy absorption and the damage to the organism that ...

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Maximum Acceptable Endotoxin Levels Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,876 Words)

Pyrogens as fever-inducing agents can be a major health hazard in parenterally applied drugs. For the control of these contaminants, pyrogen testing for batch release is required by pharmacopoeias. This has been done either by the in vivo rabbit pyrogen test (since 1942) or the limulus amoebocyte lysate test (LAL), since 1976. New approaches include cell-based assays employing in vitro culture of human immune cells which respond ...

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Polymer Suspension Based Shear Thickening Fluid Fabric Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

32 Pages (12,492 Words)

Polymer suspension based shear thickening fluid-fabric for protective applications was a new idea. Shear thickening fluid was also known as STF. Generally STF contains liquid medium and solid particles which can be inorganic or organic based. Basically, the viscosity of the Shear Thickening Fluid (STF) will be increased when shear stress increasing. By exploiting this fluid deformation from STF, for the fabric itself, the friction between yarn-yarn ...

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A Silent Mutation With Unknown Mechanism Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,355 Words)

A silent mutation with unknown mechanism of C1311T in exon 11 combined with IVS11 T93C (G6PD 1311/93) has been reported in G6PD deficient individuals in many populations. In our previous study, G6PD 1311/93 was identified as the common G6PD variant in one of the Malaysian aboriginal groups. Here, we report the screening for this variant via PCR-RFLP method and then direct sequencing of the entire 3Â´UTR of ...

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High Antioxidant Banana Peel Extract Using Solvent Extraction Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,158 Words)

According to several authors, banana peel recorded stronger antioxidant activity, pooled more quantity of phenolic compounds (Someya et al., 2002), greater range of phenolics composition and higher in minerals content than banana pulp. Banana pulp had been reported as having various antioxidants such as vitamins (A, B and E), ÃŽÂ² - carotene (Kanazawa & Sakakibara, 2000) and phenolic compounds like catechin, epicatechin, lignin, tannin (Someya et al., ...

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The Production Of Rice Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,321 Words)

Rice (Oryza sativa) is the most important crop in the world after wheat, with more than 90% currently grown in Asia. Rice is the grain that has shaped the cultures, diets and economies of billions of Asians. For them, rice is more than food; rice is life. About 120,000 varieties are grown across the world in an extensive range of climatic soil and water condition. It is ...

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Chromatography Of Photosynthetic Pigments In Spinach Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,515 Words)

The aim of this experiment was to separate and isolate the different photosynthetic pigments, found on spinach leaves and to extract them using the paper chromatography method. The aim was also to determine the relative amounts of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b from their absorption spectra. Leaves of fresh spinach were used to separate its photosynthetic pigments and then measure their absorption and ratio between chlorophyll a ...

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P53 Gene And Its Role In Cancer Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

2 Pages (800 Words)

In 1979, the protein p53 was discovered, binding to the SV40 (simian virus) large T antigen. However, because it was found excessively in its mutant form, it was initially believed to be an oncogene. Not until ten years later in 1989 was the protein determined to be major factor in tumor suppression. The p53 protein is encoded by the p53 gene located on chromosome 17 and binds ...

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Acute And Chronic Forms Of Inflammation Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,175 Words)

Katharine Buzzbee is a pleasant young girl of 9 years old. She was brought to the health center with complaints of sore throat with difficulty swallowing. Her mother states that Katharine has had similar symptoms three separate times this year. The illnesses begin with irritation in the throat that progress to pain. The pain radiates to her ears and she generally develops a fever during the course ...

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Length Of Pelvetia Canaliculata On Upper Shore Zone Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

19 Pages (7,405 Words)

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to compare the length of Pelvetia canaliculata on the upper shore zone of both wave-sheltered and wave-exposed shores. The hypothesis was that the Pelvetia fronds growing on the upper shore zone of a wave-sheltered rocky shore will be significantly longer compared with fronds growing on the upper shore zone of a wave-exposed rocky shore. The lengths of 450 fronds in ...

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The Human Microbiome Project Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,707 Words)

Microorganisms are important for animal and plant life, their presence in the surroundings is essential for survival of all life forms. This importance can be proved by the large number of prokaryotes in human body, mainly bacteria, it was found that there are ten time more bacteria than human cells. Normal flora describe the microbes that colonize human body, during birth and after, and remain for life. ...

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Uv Spectrophotometric Method Of Captopril Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

16 Pages (6,134 Words)

100 mg of Captopril was weighed accurately and transferred in to 100 ml volumetric flask. Drug dissolved in small quantity of 0.9% NaCl and sufficient quantity of NaCl solution to added to produce 100 ml of stock solution having a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Further 20 mcg/ml concentration was prepared by appropriately diluting the stock solution. The standard solution was scanned between the wavelength ranges of 200 ...

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Collection And Drying Of Khat Leaves Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,358 Words)

2.1 INTRODUCTION Khat (Catha edulis), belongs to the suborder Rosidae and family Celastraceae. The main ingredients of khat leave include alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids (Feyissa and Kelly, 2008). The major alkaloids in khat leaves are cathinone, cathine, and norephedrine (Feyissa and Kelly, 2008, Kalix, 1990). The average concentrations of cathinone, cathine, and norephedrine in fresh khat leave of various origins are 0.95, 1.98, and 0.54 mg/g of khat ...

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Pulse Oximetry For Anaesthesia In Veterinary Practices Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,852 Words)

Pulse oximetry is one of the most commonly used pieces of monitoring equipment for anaesthesia in veterinary clinics today. Using a pulse oximeter allows us to monitor the percentage of haemoglobin (Hb) which is saturated with oxygen in a non-invasive way, allowing us to detect hypoxia before the patient is visibly cyanotic. The pulse oximeter consists of a probe attached to the patient (usually tongue, ear, or ...

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Occurrence And Antibiotic Susceptibility Among Coliform Bacteria Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,539 Words)

Bacteriological contamination of muscles and digestive tract contents of Oreochromis sp. and Labeo sp. reared in a pond supplied with domestic sewage was enumerated followed by determination of resistance of thermotolerent coliforms for antibiotics. Numbers of bacteria in muscles and digestive tract contents of fish reflected their densities in water. Muscles of both the fish species contained high numbers of total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC). ...

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Effect Of Enzyme Concentrations On Production Of Oxygen Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,105 Words)

The function of an enzyme is explained by the lock and key theory: the active site of an enzyme (the lock) has a specific shape in which only the precise amount of substrate (the key) will fit - forming an enzyme-substrate complex (the product). Catalase can speed up the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide as the shape of its active site matches the shape of the hydrogen peroxide molecule. ...

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Function Of Ovalbumin Casein And Collagen Proteins Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,723 Words)

Proteins are very important complex molecules that play significant biological functions in the cells that are most important to life (growth, repair, regeneration, etc). Proteins are polymers made up of amino acids (building blocks) which differ to other molecules due to their nitrogen content, and are linked by peptide bonds. The structure of protein is dependent on the amino acid sequence (primary structure) which determines the molecular ...

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Humans sense of taste

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,664 Words)

The oral cavity and its anatomy play a key role in understanding taste and its biological function in the human body. The oral cavity consists of your lips, cheeks, teeth, tongue and throat. The taste buds are the chemoreceptors that detect and relay taste stimuli. In order for the taste buds to detect the taste of food or drink, the molecule must be suspended in an aqueous ...

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Different Reactions From The Brine Shrimp Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,745 Words)

The objective of the Pharmacology Lab is to find the lethal chemical(s) or the LD50 relevant to a certain genus. In order for a chemical to be considered the LD50, 50% of the population of the organism present in a container must die. A total of three trials and four tests are completed to determine whether or not the chemical has the ability to kill the brine ...

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Application Pcr And Southern Blotting To Medical Microbiology Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,133 Words)

The 1970's introduced an inspirational technique in which a specific sequence could be determined from a sample of DNA via the process of Southern blotting. This method, named after Edwin Southern, provided the basis for a range of common laboratory techniques such as western blotting, eastern blotting and northern blotting [1] . Shortly after, in 1983, a revolutionary method was invented by Kary Mullis, called the polymerase chain reaction ...

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Extinction And Disappearing Species Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,453 Words)

Newler argues that, "animals become extinct when they die and no longer exist; at that death of the only existing members of the species. Extinction simply means to be away forever". The process takes place over a period of time. A species may be regarded to as functionally extinct before it is fully extinct when only a few of them exist. The existing group is for one ...

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Determining The Composition Of The Complex Ion Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,013 Words)

Transition metals will normally form a complexes or coordination compound. That means, transition metal ions will form complexes ions by coordination. The complexes that are formed by the coordination of lone pairs electron from the donor is called a ligand to an atom or cation, it is known as an acceptor that has empty orbital to provide a space for them. A cation can form a complex ...

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Tomatine And Dehydrotomatine Content In Fruits And Leaves Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,753 Words)

Tomatine and dehydrotomatine are two steroidal secondary metabolites found in tomato plants that have pharmacological and nutritional roles in the human diet due to anticancer and chemopreventive, anticholesterol, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antifungal and antibacterial properties. Tomato glycoalkaloids content depends on cultivar, fruit ripening stage, and agricultural practices. Present work was conducted to analyze the ÂÂ¡-tomatine and dehydrotomatine content in leave, green and red fruits of fifteen tomato genotypes ...

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Molecular Basis Of Neurotransmission Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,288 Words)

Brain is one of the most important organs of the body with continuous network connecting each cell physically with the help of neurons the building blocks of nervous system. Neurons transmit their signal to other cells in the form of electrochemical waves through their fibres called axons. Signal is transmitted in the synaptic gap with the help of chemical substances called Neurotransmitters. These signals are important in ...

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Degradation Of Vitamin C In Orange Fruits Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,738 Words)

Abstract: This experiment was planned to study how different temperatures can affect the loss of vitamin C in orange juice stored for a fixed period of time. Equal volume of freshly squeezed orange juices with known (initial) vitamin C concentration were stored at different temperatures i.e. 10oC, 20 oC, 30 oC, 40 oC, 50 oC and 60 oC for a constant duration of 5 days. After the ...

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The Pancreatic Cancer Symptoms Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,641 Words)

Pancreatic cancer often goes undetected until its advanced and difficult to treat. In the vast majority of cases, symptoms only develop after pancreatic cancer has grown and begun to spread. Because more than 95% of pancreatic cancer is the adenocarcinoma type, we'll describe those symptoms first, followed by symptoms of rare forms of pancreatic cancer. Recommended Related to Pancreatic Cancer Understanding Pancreatic Cancer -- the Basics The ...

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Factors affecting mineral nutrient

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,428 Words)

INTRODUCTION: Plants can prepare carbohydrates, fats, proteins and vitamins in their body. However they cannot generate the mineral ions. Thus for plants, the constant supply of minerals is very essential. The study of how plants obtain mineral elements, either through water, air or soil and utilize them for their growth and development is called mineral nutrition. Mineral nutrients are elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium acquired ...

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Moringa Oleifera

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,776 Words)

Introduction The plants assigned to this group were Moringa oleifera which is also known as saijan which has many medicinal and non medicinal uses such as decreasing blood pressure and diabetes, reliving back pain and arthritis etc, non- medicinally it is even used to purify contaminated water making it safe to drink. Momordica charantia which is known as corailla which also has many uses. ...

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Isolation And Observation Of Bacteria Using Pure Culture Methods Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,321 Words)

INTRODUCTION Bacteria are found everywhere (Campbell & Reece, 2005). They have the ability to colonize almost all habitats which means they come in wide varieties of forms. Understanding bacterial structure can therefore make it possible to understand their functions and survival. For example, just by studying the capsule layer of bacteria, one can get an idea of the pathogenicity of the bacteria. But they grow among diverse ...

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Basic Molecular Genetics Of Cystic Fibrosis Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,970 Words)

Cystic fibrosis is a membrane transport disorder which is commonly affected in the autosomal recessive disease of white populations. It is also identified at birth by a certain condition called " meconium ileus" which means intestinal obstruction. In the advance stages, clinically it has been diagnosed by sticky viscous secretion of the pancreas and lungs.(Gelehrter,1998). Many years of direct research has failed to recognise the specific gene ...

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Stimulation Strength Effect On Frog Muscles Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,455 Words)

Frogs are keystone species, an essential organism to aquatic ecosystems. They have both terrestrial and aquatic niches as predators and prey and serve as indicator species to assess the response of ecosystems to environmental change. To execute daily locomotion patterns, frogs use skeletal muscles. We wanted to determine the relationship between the strength of the stimulus and the response of the muscle. We also wanted to measure ...

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The Effect Of Heat Inactivation Of Foetal Bovine Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

18 Pages (7,140 Words)

Caco-2 cells, originally isolated in the year 1977, are the immortalized cell of heterogeneous human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Enterocytes or mucus cell features are "expressed differentially by the human Caco-2 cells that are characteristic of a mature intestinal cell." Caco-2 cells are grown from a stock cells and such a well-defined and studied process of growing the cells is essential for productive use of Caco-2 cells ...

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Life Cycle Of Malaria Parasite Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,590 Words)

The life cycle of malaria provides the basis for understanding malaria vaccines. There are many strategies for developing malaria vaccines, each targeting different stages of the parasite's development. Life cycle of all malaria parasites is more or less the same. It consists of 1) an exogenous sexual phase (sporogony) with parasite multiplication in Anopheles mosquitoes and 2) an endogenous asexual phase (schizogony) with parasite multiplication in the ...

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Endosymbiotic Theory The Modern Or Organelle Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,473 Words)

Endosymbiosis; a theory that proposes the evolution of the eukaryotic cell or yet is it another biological theory that is complete garbage? This is what this essay has been investigating, whether the evidence gathered over the last fifty years is good enough to support the endosymbiotic theory and to change the views of millions of biologists who still do not agree with it. The theory was first ...

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Properties Of Pvc Abs Blend Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,886 Words)

Polymer blending is one of the fastest growing areas of polymer technology. Blending of polymer has become an increasingly important technique because it is an economical, viable and versatile way in which new material can be produced with a wide range of properties by merely using conventional processing equipment such as extruder or internal mixer. Polyvinyl chloride is most versatile material in plastic family and second largest ...

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The Effect Of Estrogen On Osteoclast And Osteoblast Production Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,335 Words)

Osteoporosis is a disease that afflicts many people, especially women. This disease is very debilitating and is characterized by excessive bone loss which results in severe fractures. There are two types of osteoporosis: Type I and Type II. Type I is the more severe type and is prevalent in post-menopausal women. There have been numerous hypothesis and studies as to the cause of osteoporosis and it's relation ...

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An Insight Into The Electric Bone Growth Stimulator Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,287 Words)

Nonunion and delayed fractures are prevalent in the United States, accounting for a significant health care cost (Simon & Simon, 2008). Bone is able to remodel and adapt to applied loads and electromechanical stimuli (Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle, & Cheever, 2009). One method of repairing these types of fractures is with an electric bone growth stimulator, which has been used for over 25 years. There are three types ...

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What Makes A Well Balance Diet Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,092 Words)

A balanced diet is one that provides an adequate intake of energy and nutrients for maintenance of the body and therefore good health. A diet can easily be adequate for normal bodily functioning, yet may not be a balanced diet. An ideal human diet contains fat, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, water and fibre all in correct proportions. These proportions vary for each individual because everyone has different ...

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Reaction time of visual response

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (955 Words)

Data Collection and Processing In this experiment, the reaction time of visual and tactile response has been investigated by measuring how both hands reacted when eyes were open and then when eyes were closed. For a better comparison of the two, the averages have been compared as well. The ruler's centimetres have been turned into time counted in seconds using the formula; Observations The tactile responses ...

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Minimizing Cost Of Volatile Inhalational Anesthetics Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,950 Words)

P -The population that will be examined are male and female patients with a physical status (PS) of I-II requiring general anesthesia for surgery, ages 20-40. I - The intervention being introduced is utilizing Sevoflurane (UltaneÂ®) as the inhaled anesthetic for surgeries requiring general anesthesia lasting less than one hour. C - The comparison group will be those utilizing Desflurane (SupraneÂ®) as the inhaled anesthetic for surgeries ...

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Geophysical Methods In Groundwater Exploration Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (5,159 Words)

The role of geophysical methods in Groundwater Exploration is imperative. Its chief aim is to understand the hidden subsurface hydrogeological setting correctly and effectively. As the base of any geophysical methods is the contrast between the physical properties such as the features, objects, and layers and the surroundings. Parker et al, (2009) indicated that object are only confirmed when the contrast is sufficiently large enough to change ...

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The Drug Substance Analysis Of Sulfonamides Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,380 Words)

In the science of rational drug design, log P value of a compound is important to determine its extent of capability to pass through cell membrane. In determining log P of sulfonamides, Thin-layer Chromatography (TLC), 'shake-flask' method and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were used. Chemical purity of an unknown sulfonamide, C26 was determined using HPLC. Straight phase TLC is not suitable in determine the partition coefficient ...

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Microbes Are Omnipresent In Our Entire World Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (811 Words)

Microbial ecology is the scientific study of the intimate relationship or interaction of microorganism with its environment either biotic or abiotic (1). Microbes are omnipresent in our entire world and can also exist in harsh environments such as acidic lakes and tundra's. Studying microbial ecology can help mankind gain more knowledge about the intimate interactions and how they function which can improve our lives in such a ...

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Organic Derivatives Of Water Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,443 Words)

Alcohol as one of the hydroxyl groups has also different kinds namely Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Phenols and Ethers. Each kind has different characteristics and through several experiments and observations, each define characteristics will emerge. Lucas Test, Bayer's Test, Chromic Acid Oxidation and Ferric Chloride Test will be used. Solubility with water and sodium chloride are also used in this experiment. Bayer's test will produce brown precipitate if ...

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Using Endogenous And Exogenous Antioxidants Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,463 Words)

Despite the usefulness of oxidation reactions to life, it could also cause a great harm to humankind. Human beings have body that generates free radicals very continuously and these are always produced from the oxidation reaction that constantly takes place in living cells. Apart from the radicals that results from oxidation, some other ones are generated from immune cells to combat bacteria and viruses and also from ...

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The Pathogenesis Of Atherosclerosis Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,955 Words)

According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for approximately 30 of all global deaths in 2008. A large proportion of CVDs is attributable to atherosclerosis, which is a major cause of myocardial infarction or stroke (1). The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis Over the past two decades, the inflammatory hypothesis of atherosclerosis has gained strong footing through multiple lines of ...

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Single Phase Comprising Of Two Or More Parts Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,087 Words)

Solutions consist of a single phase comprising of two or more parts. These parts are dispersed at a molecular level in the single phase mixture. The main part of the solution is the solvent and this is where the solutes are molecularly dispersed. When a material becomes dissolved or molecularly dispersed from its solid state, it is known as dissolution and the extent to which the dissolution ...

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Spoilage And Fermented Milk Products Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,090 Words)

The sweet prepared just by boiling the colostrum in pressure cooker is called Junnu in Telugu, kadamb paal in Tamil, ginnu in Kannada, Kharvas in Marathi and posu in Konkani. The literature survey has provided us a great support to initiate, continue and complete the project. Colostrum is the first form of milk produced by mammals in late pregnancy. Bovine colostrum and its components are harmless for ...

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Need And Importance Of Edible Vaccines Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

19 Pages (7,474 Words)

One of the best and appropriate approaches to human health is the prevention of diseases. The use of vaccines activates as well as prepares the human body for protection through various methods so as to boost the system and be capable of fighting and avoiding pathogens that appear as a result of natural infection. Vaccine technology has recently developed and as a result has improved people's health ...

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