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Biology Essays - Heart Disease

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,764 Words)

The Biological Basis and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease. Coronary heart disease is a blanket term which describes all types of heart disease caused by blockage of the arteries that supply blood to the heart. Lack of sufficient blood is associated with a lack of oxygen, also called ischemia. Hence coronary heart disease is also called ischemic heart disease. Angina, heart attack and heart failure and ...

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Distribution And Abundance Of Marine Invertebrates Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,385 Words)

Many marine invertebrates of diverse and varied phyla, have a common reproductive strategy that involves a multi-phase life cycle that occupies two dramatically different environmental habitats. The separate mobile pelagic larval phase and the predominantly sedentary or sessile bottom dwelling phase is linked by a settlement event. Larval forms are usually very different from adult forms. Reproduction involves the eggs and sperm and/ or larvae being released ...

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Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,672 Words)

Anemia is defined as the decline in the number of the normal number of (RBCs) Red Blood Cells or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood of the individual at the specific age and life phase; due to which the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood gets reduced (Medicine Net- definition of Anemia, 2000). WHO defines anemia by fall in the hemoglobin below the ...

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Ligand Based Drug Design Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,073 Words)

In practice, drugs were found by synthesizing the variety of compounds in taking a long time as well as many step processes against in vivo biological screens and additional examine is required for their pharmacokinetic properties, metabolic studies and possible toxicity studies. Such pre determined development process has resulted in higher success rates. This type of systematic development process which reduces the various failures such as poor ...

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Aspects of animal anatomy and sensory function

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,713 Words)

All animals have some kind of nervous system that can receive and interpret information about its internal and external environment. Sensory organs provide a means for communication from the external environment to the internal. Sensory receptors contain receptor cells that are specialised to respond to specialised stimuli. These sensory organs may be found all over the body or in localised areas. Afferent neurons carry the sensory information ...

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The Importance Of The Crop Rice Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,715 Words)

There are 16 elements essential in optimum amounts and utilizable form for rice growth. Major elements include , C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, while minor elements include Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, B, and Cl. Nutrient elements of Nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc, and potassium are usually applied by rice growers. (De Datta, 1981). Zinc was accepted as an essential micronutrient about 70 years ...

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Good Composting And Characteristics Of Compost Materials Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,601 Words)

This chapter is an account of previous studies and data on humic acids, heavy metals, their origins in compost, basic conditions for good composting, characteristics of compost materials and method of composting applied. 2.0 Composting and its benefits Composting is the controlled process of decomposition of organic matter. Usually, degradation of organic matter occurs naturally by the action of micro-organisms, but during composting, the optimum conditions necessary ...

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The study of Chikungunya Virus

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,510 Words)

There are a million different types of viruses that exist in every ecosystem on Earth. Viruses infect and replicate inside living cells of all types of organisms. One specific emerging arbovirus that will be discussed in this paper is called the Chikungunya virus. During the years of 2005 and 2006, the Chikungunya virus has affected over a million people in the Indian Ocean islands including India (Pardigon ...

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Nutrigenomics Study Application Of Gene And Nutrition Interaction Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,534 Words)

The word "Nutrigenomics" is a combination of nutrition and genomics. Nutrition is about the relationship between food and health; genomics is the study of entire genetic makeup of an organism and how they are expressed and regulated. Therefore, nutrigenomics is a field which concerned about the relationship between diet and gene expression by describing the approach to nutrition and human health that studies the implication of genetic ...

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Effects Of Hydrocarbons Pollutants On Aquatic Organisms Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,898 Words)

Abstract Due to the growing consumption of petroleum products, oil pollution is increasingly frequent in aquatic ecosystems. Petroleum hydrocarbons are important pollutants for sea and marine organisms. Many researches about petroleum effects on aquatic systems regards the immediate and short-term toxic effects. The origin of hydrocarbons are either endogenic, which are synthetised by marine organisms or exogenic, due to oil pollution accumulated by marine organisms. This paper ...

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Excitation Contraction Coupling In Smooth Muscles Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (926 Words)

Smooth muscle is distributed widely throughout the body and more variable in function than other muscle types. Smooth muscle is involved in the contractility of hollow organs such as gastrointestinal tract, bladder, blood vessels or the uterus. They are spindle shaped, with a single nucleus located in the middle of the cell. It has fewer actin and myosin myofilament present than in skeletal muscle. They do not ...

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Malaria Can Cause Several Different Effects Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,609 Words)

A parasite lives with another organism, its host, and causes it harm due to the close relationship it encompasses with the host. Some parasitic relationships are harmless, while in other cases a parasite can damage or even kill its host.Â The parasite is reliant on its host for its life behaviour and functions, also to stay alive.Â For example, viruses are common parasites. Â The parasite has ...

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Garlic And Abate As Larvicide Against Mosquito Larvae Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,493 Words)

This experiment was designed to investigate and compare the effectiveness of garlic as the natural larvicide and Abate as the chemical larvicide against mosquito larvae. The effectiveness of the larvicides was determined by the time taken for all the mosquito larvae to be killed. The mosquito larvae were placed in separate plastic cups containing garlic extract and Abate respectively. They were monitored at fixed time intervals and ...

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A Review Of Rabies Virus Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,231 Words)

Imagine a disease which had no treatment option once you felt its symptoms. Unless you had suspicion that you were potentially infected, you would get misdiagnosed and you would die in isolation, restrained, and heavily drugged (3). Unfortunately such a disease is a reality. Rabies virus results in nearly 100% fatality if not treated, and is responsible for over 55,000 human deaths every year, which is ...

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Describe the Structure and Function of Biomolecules

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,232 Words)

All Biomolecules have certain functions and these molecules all have a unique structure which is why they function in these ways. These molecules are known collectively as macromolecules, these molecules are grouped into four main categories which each have there own structure. These structures are the key to the macromolecules functions as each of them do a specific task in the body. Macromolecules are grouped into carbohydrates, ...

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Understanding Wolf Parkinson White Syndrome Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,896 Words)

In a normal heart, the electrical impulses that signal the heart to beat only flow in one pathway, which begins in the sinoatrial node, or SA node, located in the right atrium. When the SA node fires, the single is spread through the right and left atria causing the chambers to contract. The impulses then travel through the atrioventricular node, AV node, which is the bridge that ...

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Autoclave Such An Effective Sterilizer Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,838 Words)

Heat: most important and widely used. For sterilization one must consider the type of heat, and most importantly, the time of application and temperature to ensure destruction of all microorganisms. Endospores of bacteria are considered the most thermoduric of all cells so their destruction guarantees sterility. Incineration: burns organisms and physically destroys them. Used for needles, inoculating wires, glassware, etc. and objects not destroyed in the incineration ...

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G Protein Coupled Receptors Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,247 Words)

In biological membranes the signal detection and transmission is initiated by the interaction of a chemical or physical stimulus with a specific membrane receptor which, in turn, becomes activated and initiates a chain of intracellular reactions that result in modulation of target protein activity. G-Protein Coupled Receptors are a superfamily of such membrane proteins that transmit a signal by coupling to heterotrimeric-binding proteins, which consist of three ...

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Physiological Basis Of Treatment Of Hypertension Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,259 Words)

Hypertension can be defined as a sustained elevation of systemic arterial pressure more than 140/90 mmHg. In normal healthy individual, arterial pressure is ranged around 100-140/70-90 mmHg. Hypertension is a frequently occurring abnormality in humans. It can be caused by many diseases and most commonly due to increased peripheral resistance. It leads to many serious disorders and it is the major cause of premature vascular diseases. Hypertension ...

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Catalytic Power And Specificity Of Enzymes Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,137 Words)

Enzymes are mainly proteins, that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates, and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, called the products. Almost all processes in a biological cell need enzymes to occur at significant rates. Catalytic power and specificity are the two characteristics of enzymes which require explanation. The structure of the enzyme's active site ...

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Fluorides Sodium And Aluminum And Human Salivary Amylase Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,151 Words)

Ever since 1919, effects of activities of fluorides and salivary amylase have been reported. Nonetheless, research on effects of salivary amylase and fluorides activities are limited. Investigation carried out by several researchers on salivary amylase about splitting properties of starch to dental caries development showed mixed results. While other studies implied a correlation between dental caries and high activities of salivary amylase, some research on the same ...

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The Three Dimensional Structures Of Proteins Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,913 Words)

Introduction Proteins are the polymers of the amino acids which appear in many sizes and shapes. The three dimensional structures of proteins reflects the underlying structures basically on the variations on the sequences and the length of amino acids. Even the numbers of the disulfides bond and the attachments of the small molecules also differ. Protein consists of long polypeptide chains to determine the sequences of the ...

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The Bacteria On Food Processing Surfaces Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (5,159 Words)

The attachment of bacteria on food processing surfaces and in the environment can cause potential cross-contamination, which can lead to food spoilage, possible food safety concerns, and surface destruction. Food contact surfaces used for food handling, storage or processing are areas where microbial contamination commonly occurs. Even with proper cleaning and sanitation regimes or practices in place, bacteria can remain attached to the surfaces and this attachment ...

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Essential Oils Are Complex Mixtures Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,881 Words)

Essential oils are complex mixtures of many components, about 20-60 can be present at different concentrations depending on the oil.According to Bakkali et al(2008) they are characterized by components of the highest concentrations, there are usually 2 or 3 main components in each oil compared to some components in trace amounts. Major components of the oils determine the biological activity of the oils however the components in ...

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Sindromi neurologiche paraneoplastiche

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (956 Words)

Anticorpi anti-antigeni onconeurali come strumento diagnostico di tumori maligni e sindromi neurologiche paraneoplastiche. Caratteristiche delle singole neurologiche paraneoplastiche. Le sindromi neurologiche paraneoplastiche sono stati patologici associati a tumori, riconoscono quindi un tumore maligno come il principale fattore eziologico, ma non sono patologicamente associati alla diretta azione del tumore. Nella grande maggioranza dei casi riconoscono una patogenesi autoimmunitaria e originano nel seeting di un tumore a differenziazione neuroendocrina. ...

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A Two Port Network Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,901 Words)

AÂ two-port networkÂ a kind ofÂ four-terminal networkÂ or quadripole is anÂ electrical networkÂ circuit or device with two pairsÂ of terminals to connect to external circuits. Two terminals constitute aÂ portÂ if the currents applied to them satisfy the essential requirement known as theÂ port condition: theÂ electric current entering one terminal must equal the current emerging from the other. The ports constitute interfaces where the network connects to other networks, the points where signals are applied ...

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Beta Thalassemia Major Blood Disease Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,472 Words)

Thalassemia is an inherited autosomal recessive blood disease that affects the body's ability to produce haemoglobin, the protein that red blood cells use to carry oxygen. 7,8 It reduces the rate of production of globin chains that make up haemoglobin, which are either alpha (ÃŽÂ±) chain or beta(ÃŽÂ²) chain. Beta-Thalassemia Major disorder occurs when both the beta globin chain are affected by mutation or deletion, resulting in ...

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Structure And Functions Of DNA And RNA Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,274 Words)

DNA molecule is a hereditary material which is transmitted from generation to generation. It is the largest molecule in the living cell comprising of several millions of nucleotide chain. It is in the sequence of nucleotides in the polymers where genetic information carried by chromosomes is located. Each nucleotide is composed of three parts: nitrogenous base like purine and pyrimidine, a sugar (deoxyribose) and a phosphate group. ...

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Polymorphisms Within The Ptc Gene Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,125 Words)

The capability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), which is a bitter chemical that has been recognized as a heritable trait and has been also widely used for b genetics and anthropological studies. The frequency of nontaster and taster allele is found to be varied within different populations. This trait also has been revealed to associate with numbers of dietary preferences and accordingly could have significant implications for the ...

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Normal Flora And Bacteria Identification Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,152 Words)

The human body is naturally inhabited by a wide variety of microbes, collectively referred to as normal flora. To investigate the diversity of these microbes at different sites of the body, swabs were taken from the skin behind the ear and back of the throat and cultivated on blood agar and mannitol salt agar plates. Based on colony morphology and Gram staining, Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli ...

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How Do Drugs Interact With Receptors Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,967 Words)

Illustrate with named drug examples. Receptors are highly important in cell function as they allow communication between a cell and its neighbours and controls the way a cell functions with stimuli or depression, usually from the central nervous system via the brain and spinal cord (Patrick, 2005). The nerves that communicate with their respective cells do not connect directly to their target cells, and there has to ...

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Bacteriophage Lambda Lysogenic Cycle Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,139 Words)

Viruses are tiny agents that cause infections in a wide range of hosts including animals, plants, bacteria and other viruses. In particular, viruses that infect bacteria are called bacteriophages, bacterio meaning "bacteria" in Greek and phage meaning "to eat". Bacteriophages are able to undergo lytic and lysogenic cycle to replicate; however, most undergo one or the other cycle to replicate. An example of a bacteriophage that is ...

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The techniques used for measuring and observing apoptosis

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,182 Words)

The number of cells within an organism is tightly regulated- not simply by controlling the rate of cell division, but also by controlling the rate of cell death. If cells are no longer needed, they commit suicide by activating an intracellular death program. (Liao, 2008) Apoptosis, is defined by distinct morphological and biochemical changes mediated by a family of cysteine aspartic acid-specific proteases (caspases), which are expressed ...

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Difference Between Phenotype And Genotype Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,654 Words)

The phenotype is the outward appearance and behaviour of an individual. The phenotype arises from an interaction between its genotype and its environment. Any change in the phenotype is called a modification and is not inherited. The genotype is the total genetic makeup of an individual. This is the genetic information which is located on the chromosomes and found in each cell. The genotype of the parents ...

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Particulate Matter Health Effects And Sources Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,259 Words)

A brief summary of the sources of particulate matter (PM) will be presented. The will be a brief overview of 'particulate matter' in regard to sources, history and additionally there will informative discussion such as PM levels as set by authoritative regulations. Discussion will include the different sources of particulate matter and with specific attention to emission vehicle fuel sources, since they are the largest contributors of ...

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A Test Of Liver Function Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,485 Words)

The liver is as an organ in the body and its duty is to destroy toxin, store and produce bile and responsible for thousands of biochemical reaction. The liver is located in the upper right part of the abdomen, the colour of the liver is a dark brown tinted with red. Also known as the largest gland and the largest solid organ in the body, whose weight ...

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Coronary heart disease in London

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,291 Words)

Mortality rates due to Coronary heart disease are increasing in the London and its one of the borough Newham. Newham has second height rates of early death due to cardiovascular disease (Newham PCT 2007). 68% of total population are South Asian origin ( Newham, 2008). This eassy is examine the distribution of coronary heart disease among the South Asian community in the London borough of Newham. ...

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the Chemical contamination of food

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,275 Words)

Food and beverages is a common term when it comes under hospitality industry. However, employees working under this sector of the hospitality industry tend to overlook a very important aspect in this industry, safety and hygiene as they continue to impress their superior or guests with their work efficiency. Safety and hygiene which both have often been neglected caused various problems and conflicts involving employers, employees and ...

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Applications Of The Wadsworth Emmons Cyclopropanation Reaction Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,725 Words)

This project aims to look at the development of the Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation reaction and compare it to alternative methods of cyclopropanation in order to understand why it may be used preferentially. Current applications of the WE cyclopropanation reaction are explored to see the efficacy and yield that result. Key of Abbreviations Seen below is a collection of all abbreviations used within this project and their subsequent meaning. ...

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Main Types Of Tonsillitis Acute And Chronic Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,459 Words)

There are 2 main types of tonsillitis: acute and chronic. Acute tonsillitis can either be bacterial or viral in origin. Subacute tonsillitis is caused by the bacterium Actinomyces. Chronic tonsillitis can last for long periods of time if not treated, and is mostly caused by bacterial infection. Symptoms of tonsillitis include a severe sore throat, (which may be experienced as referred pain to the ears), painful/difficult swallowing, ...

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Techniques For Cell Preservation Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

19 Pages (7,268 Words)

Many industries such as the food, pharmaceutical and horticultural industries require an extensive use of various types of cells. Hence there is a requirement to preserve cells so that they can be used either directly or for further research at the appropriate time. In order to preserve these cells, expertise from a variety of disciplines including but not limited to engineering, biology, biotechnology, cryobiology etc is required ...

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Regulation Of The Cell Cycle Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,434 Words)

Maturity from a single-celled zygote to fertile individual requires many cell divisions. For the duration of each division every dividing cell completes a well-organized set of events those collectively form the "cell cycle". Cell cycle includes precise replication of the genome for the period of the DNA synthesis phase done in S phase & this is followed by the isolation of complete set of chromosomes to both ...

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A Gamma Rays Report Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,468 Words)

Have you ever know that Gamma-ray bursts can release more energy in 10 seconds than the Sun will emit the same amount of energy in its entire 10 billion-year lifetime? Have you ever believed that a Gamma-ray is actually the most energetic and most active photon in the electromagnetic spectrum? As a matter of fact, scientists believe that a gamma-ray burst will occur once every few million ...

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Facial Prosthetic Adhesives Effect On Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomers Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (5,175 Words)

Maxillofacial prosthetic discipline plays an important part on patient treatment that has suffered facial disfigurement caused by accidental trauma, tumour, cancer, diseases and congenital malformation (Sanchez-Garcia et all 2010). The sucess of maxillofacial silicone elastomer depends on factors such as stability, support and retention (Dahl and Polyzois, 2000; Sanchez-Garcia et al., 2010). The retention and its methodology is of primary importance and is based upon four categories ...

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Genetic Regulation Of Apoptosis And Organ Development Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

16 Pages (6,099 Words)

This report reviews about the genetic regulation of apoptosis and organ development. The specific genes have been determined which cause these functions inside an organism proves to us some vital sequential systems concerning cell differentiation which in turn leads to the proliferation of the species. This report mainly gives you a clear cut explanation about how cell death and organ development act together in a progressive manner ...

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Determination Of Oil And Grease In Water Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,693 Words)

The term grease is used to describe semisolid lubricants. Although the word grease is also used to describe rendered fat of animals, in the context of lubrication, grease typically applies to a material consisting of a soap emulsified with mineral or vegetable oil. Any filterable solvent-soluble substances (e.g., elemental sulfur, complex aromatic compounds, hydrocarbon derivatives of chlorine, sulfur, and nitrogen, and certain organic dyes) that are extracted ...

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The discovery of Acetaminophen

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

2 Pages (522 Words)

Acetaminophen was discovered accidently and it is used for reducing pain and fever. it does not restrain platelet aggregation (Ayoub et al, 2004; Josephy, 2005). However, the mechanism of action of acetaminophen is yet to be understood properly(Josephy, 2005). Prostaglandin (PGs) causes a lot of the symptoms of inflammation, which are produced by the inducible cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. PGs that are created by constitutive enzyme (COX-1), helps in ...

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The Processes Leading To Skeletal Muscle Contraction Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,699 Words)

Essay title Give an overview of the processes that lead to skeletal muscle contraction (50%). Discuss how these processes are disturbed by muscular dystrophies and discuss one particular dystrophy in detail (50%). Muscle contraction is when a tension is made from an action potential to cause a movement in of the muscle, this requires interactions between actin filaments and myosin. The Skeletal muscles contract in a sliding ...

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The Absorption Of The Oxyhaemoglobin Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,991 Words)

ABSTRACT A method and apparatus for non invasively measurement of haemoglobin concentration, where we have to select two wavelengths whose haemoglobin extinction coefficient is higher than that of water. The wavelengths which we using here will be an isobestic wavelengths where the absorption of the oxyhaemoglobin and the deoxyhaemoglobin will be the same .Then the incident light beams are made to fall over the predetermined site of ...

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Biology Essays - Stem Cells

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,527 Words)

Isolation and Clinical Potential of Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Introduction: Stem cells, under the right conditions, have the ability to differentiate into many specialised cell types. They can give rise to cardiomyocytes, nerve cells, adipocytes and osteocytes. The most researched stem cell is the adult stem cell, but these cells, except in the treatment of leukaemia, do not often lead to true transdifferentation when used clinically. Much ...

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Succinate Dehydrogenase Enzyme In Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,960 Words)

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is an enzyme found in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which makes it an easy target to isolate when studying the citric acid cycle. This enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the oxidation of succinate into fumarate and can be used as a marker enzyme during the isolation of mitochondria through differential centrifugation. The isolated mitochondria can be treated with a sodium azide reagent to inhibit ...

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White Blood Cell Differential Count

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (826 Words)

Fluid plasma and formed elements constitutes blood. Blood plasma is mainly fluid which consists of dissolved minerals and nutrients. It makes up 55% of the total blood volume. Formed elements makes up the remaining percentage of blood. 99% of formed elements are red blood cells (erythrocytes). Platelets and white blood cells (leucocytes) constitute the last 1%. What is a White Blood Cell Differential Count? Different ...

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How Water Balance Is Regulated By Adh Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,540 Words)

ADH is a hormone produced in the brain by the pituitary gland to control the water concentration of the blood. When we sweat during exercise then the concentration of water in the blood is reduced. After drinking water the blood water concentration increases. The brain detects this change and less ADH is produced. Then the kidney takes an action by reabsorbing less water and therefore more water ...

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Uses And Applications Of Microemulsions In Food Industry Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,286 Words)

Abstract: Microemulsions are a class of microheterogeneous systems having unique features of stability, solubilization capacity, structural morphology, physical property and applicability. Depending on the types of oil and amphiphile, and environmental conditions, microemulsion systems of varied categories, consistencies and internal structures may result. The essentials of microemulsion systems are thus controlled by external factors and internal chemistry. The underlying physicochemical principles controlling their formation, phase behaviour and ...

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Specific Humoral Immunity B Cells Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,641 Words)

The immune system is also known as the human defence system; it is made up different cells, tissues, proteins and organs which come together to play different roles in protecting the body from pathogens which are brought about by microorganisms such as: bacteria, parasites and viruses. The main cells which support the immune system include: phagocytes (white blood cells) and lymphocytes. In this section of the assignment, ...

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Classification According To Maturity Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (4,898 Words)

INTRODUCTION The human eye is very nearly spherical, with a diameter of approximately 24 mm (nearly one inch). It consists of three concentric layers, each with its own characteristic appearance, structure and functions. From outermost to innermost, the three layers are the sclera, which protects the eyeball; the choroid, which nourishes the eyeball; and the retina, which detects light and initiates neural messages bound for the brain. ...

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Contrast Media Intravenouse Urography And Barium Enema Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

15 Pages (5,998 Words)

Introduction The practice of clinical diagnostic radiology has been made possible by advances not only in diagnostic equipment and investigative techniques, but also in the contrast media that permit visualisation of the details of the internal structure or organs that would not otherwise be demonstrable. The remarkably high tolerance of modern contrast media has been achieved through successive developments in chemical pharmacological technology. A single dose of ...

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Dengue Fever Diagnosis And Treatments Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,622 Words)

Dengue fever is a common tropical infection. This acute febrile illness can be a deadly infection in cases of severe manifestation, causing dengue hemorrhagic shock. In this brief article, I will summarize and discuss the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. For diagnosis of dengue, most tropical doctors make use of presumptive diagnosis; however, the definite diagnosis should be based on immunodiagnosis or viral study. Focusing on ...

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Electrical Principles Kirchhoffs Laws Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,114 Words)

Everything is made of atoms; in turn atoms consist of a combination of minuscule particles known as neutrons, protons and electrons. The nucleus of an atom consists of protons and neutrons while electrons exist in a cloud surrounding and rotating around the nucleus. The electron and proton are capable of holding an electrical charge; electrons hold negative charges and protons positive charge. We know that like charges ...

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Methods Of Measuring Productivity In Plant Ecology Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,884 Words)

Productivity refers to rate at which energy is accumulated by green plant in unit time in the form of organic substance that can be used as food. 2. Types of Productivity: Productivity involves four successive Primary productivity Gross primary production Net Primary Production 2.1 Primary Productivity: The rate at which radiant energy is stored by photosynthetic activity of green plants and algae in the form of organic ...

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Plasmolysis And Membrane Permeability Of Plasma Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,198 Words)

Plasma membranes are bi-layered membranes made up of amphiphillic molecules (having charged polar heads tending to be hydrophillic and uncharged fatty acid tails tending to be hydrophobic) that selectively allow entrance of certain large molecules into the cell's cytosol and through which water and small non-polar molecules may freely diffuse. This experiment seeks to understand limited aspects of the permeability of the plasma membrane using the Elodea ...

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Effect Of Aging On The Reproductive Systems Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,413 Words)

Reproduction is the process by which organisms generate offspring. Whilst the reproductive system is essential to keeping a species alive, it is not essential to keeping an individual alive. Reproduction is a characteristic that all living things have in common and one of the things that sets them apart from non living things. Effects of aging on the male reproductive system The male reproductive system consists of ...

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Function Of The Basal Ganglia Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,074 Words)

This case is about a headmaster, Mr Boddy, who was experiencing a variety of problems that increased in severity and had an ever-increasing impact on his life. The symptoms were becoming increasingly obvious to both Mr Boddy and his children which lead to him going to see his GP who referred him to a specialist. The specialist started him on a course of drug but decided to ...

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The Virulence Characteristics Of Campylobacter Jejuni Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,335 Words)

It has one flagellum at either one or both poles of the cell. The cell contains periplasm between the outer and inner membrane. The endotoxin lipopolysaccharide composes the outer membrane. The outer membrane surface is embedded with membrane proteins. These membrane proteins are antigenic and are utilized for the invasion of the host. (LiJie. S, 2011) Virulence: Campylobacter Jejuni bacterium deposits a group of proteins called Campylobacter ...

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Summary On Kidney Cancer Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,413 Words)

Kidneys are bean shaped organs located on the posterior side of the abdomen one on each side of the vertebral column. The left kidney lies a little higher than the right one. Each kidney is enclosed with a transparent membrane called renal capsule and is divided into outer renal cortex and inner renal medulla. The capsule protects the kidneys against infections and trauma. The renal cortex is ...

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Leech Therapy And Its Effectiveness The Problem Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,014 Words)

It has been estimated that there are about 60,000 miles or more blood vessels within a human body where blood, gases and nutrients are being circulated. Any blockage of these vessels will cause blood congestion at the site and thus give rise to various vascular diseases. For instance, a congested coronary artery will cause heart attacks, and a congested carotid artery will cause strokes. Other common examples ...

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pillbugs and their preferred habitat conditions

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,966 Words)

Introduction To sufficiently grasp and understand the experiment on animal behavior, it is crucial to be knowledgeable of the organisms being observed, as well as the various types of animal behaviors present in nature. In this experiment the observed organism was the pillbug. Pillbugs, are also known as sowbugs or woodlice. They are classified as terrestrial isopods as they belong to the phylum Arthropoda, subphylum Crustacea, class ...

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A Review Of Controlled Release Fertilizers Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

15 Pages (5,870 Words)

In general, plants must be supplied with nutrients during the whole vegetation period. In horticulture this is achieved by applying quickly soluble fertilizer once to twice a week, for example. This kind of fertilizer application is very labour-intensive and requires considerable specialist knowledge, so as to select the correct rate of application, appropriate time of application and correct composition for the particular plants to ensure optimum plant ...

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Introduction To Medicinal Plants Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

20 Pages (7,712 Words)

About 250,000 higher plant species on earth, more than 80,000 species are reported to have at least some medicinal value and around 5000 species have specific therapeutic value. Herbs are staging a comeback and herbal 'renaissance' is happening all over the globe. The herbal products today symbolize safety in compare to the synthetics that are considered as unsafe to human and environment. Even though herbs had been ...

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What Happens In The Body During Allergic Reactions Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (4,950 Words)

The human body is made with different kinds of immunity, which protects it from anything that could harm the body. During an allergic reaction, the immune system erroneously believes that what have entered the body are harmful, thus producing antibodies called IgE (immunoglobulin E) antibodies to protect itself from the harmful element. It then circulates through the blood forming IgE's, which are specific to something as light ...

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Introduction To Fast Dissolving Drug Delivery System Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

19 Pages (7,423 Words)

Fast dissolving drug delivery systems have rapidly gained acceptance as an important new way of administering drugs. There are multiple fast-dissolving OTC and Rx products on the market worldwide, most of which have been launched in the past 3 to 4 years. There have also been significant increases in the number of new chemical entities under development using a fast-dissolving drug delivery technology. Rapidly dissolving dosage forms ...

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Antiseptics Disinfectants And Antibiotics Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,216 Words)

Sepsis is usually caused by a bacterial infection; it can also be caused by fungal, viral or parasitic infections. Sepsis can cause blood clotting and inflammation. Blood clotting and inflammation in the body has life threatening consequences such as organ failure this may lead to death. Aseptic surgery was introduced in 1867 by Joseph Lister; the mortality rate of post operative surgery was reduced to 45%. The ...

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Bulgaria: High Internet penetration potential for e-commerce

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,739 Words)

Coursework in Management Futures Executive Summary The aim of this report is to evaluate the opportunity for development of e-commerce in Bulgaria. The report will examine if there is demand for e-commerce in Bulgaria, if e-commerce might be restricted in some way and if it will be profitable for businesses. This will be achieved by examining the Internet penetration in Bulgaria, its future growth and other corresponding ...

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Haematopoiesis Located In Bone Marrow Section Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,457 Words)

Haemopoiesis also known as haematopoiesis located in bone marrow section of an adults and lymphatic tissue is the process of production of blood cells and platelets which continues throughout life, replacing aged cells which are removed from the circulation by which immature precursor cells expand to mature blood cells. This process thesis and how it works is known as monophyletic theory. The cellular blood components are precursor ...

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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Is A Gram Negative Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,871 Words)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram negative, motile, aerobic rod shaped bacterium which can occur as singles, in pairs and occasionally in short chains. P.aeruginosa is a ubiquitous organism which can proliferate under the sparest conditions such as sinks, toilets, cosmetics, vaporisers, inhalers, respirators, and anaesthesiology and dialysis equipment. Infected patients and staff are also potential primary sources of infection (2). P.aeruginosa is a major opportunistic pathogen of ...

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Adaptations Of Bird Flight At High Altitudes Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,451 Words)

Birds have developed the ability to maintain flight at various altitudes. The focus of this essay was placed specifically on flight at high altitudes. The characteristics of birds which maintain flight at high altitudes were found to be enhanced gaseous exchange efficiency, higher O2 affinity haemoglobin, and increase O2 diffusion to muscle fibers as a result of an increase in capillary-fiber ratio in a high-altitude hypoxic environment. ...

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Computer Simulation Of Action Potentials In Squid Axons Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,228 Words)

In 1952, Hodgkin and Huxley published a series of four papers in the Journal of Physiology (London) reporting their experiments to investigate the underlying events of the action potential. In their final paper, they derived a series of equations that describe the relationship between sodium conductance (gNa+), potassium conductance (gK+) and the membrane potential in a squid axon following electrical stimulation. Hodgkin and Huxley were awarded the ...

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Dna Based Biosensors In Disease Diagnosis Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

15 Pages (5,903 Words)

The advent of fast and easy DNA testing has given the space for the Science to develop small and easy-to-handle equipments called Biosensors. DNA based biosensors have been proven very useful and are accorded with much importance in detecting the target genes responsible for diseases. This article enlists different types of biosensors, their basic principle of operating system, the preparation of DNA microarrays, lab-on-a-chip and their role ...

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The Distance Slaters Travel In Different Temperatures Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,713 Words)

Introduction: The Slater Porcellio Scaber is an Arthropod and is a member of the biological class Crustacea. The Slater has a flattened segmented body and 7 pairs of legs. The Slater is nocturnal and feeds on dead plant matter and vegetables. The Slaters I collected were found in dark and damp places with a temperature of 17.4 degrees Celsius in a gully behind bark on rotting trees ...

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Growth Of Microalgae Using Led Lighting Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,306 Words)

Light is of one the most essential source that affects the autotrophic growth of microalgae. With light, carbon dioxide and water, microalgae can produce its own energy through a process called photosynthesis, where oxygen (O2) is usually the by-product. This project involves investigating the growth of microalgae, in the presence of the greenhouse gas CO2, using LED technology lighting systems. The objective of this project is to ...

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Detailed Study on BT Cotton

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,848 Words)

INTRODUCTION BT cotton Cotton and other monocultured crops require an intensive use of pesticides as various types of pests attack these crops causing extensive damage. Over the past 40 years, many pests have developed resistance to pesticides. cSo far, the only successful approach to engineering crops for insect tolerance has been the addition of Bt toxin, a family of toxins originally derived from soil bacteria. The Bt ...

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Acrylamide with chemical formula

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

15 Pages (5,687 Words)

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Acrylamide Acrylamide with chemical formula C3H5NO is an organic compound. Synonyms for acrylamide are acrylamide monomer, acrylic amide, propenamide, 2- propenamide, acrilamida (DOT Spanish), acrylamide (DOT French), acrylamide solution , acrylic acid amide (50%), acrylic amide (50%), ethylene carboxamide, ethylenecarboxamide, propenamide (50%), propenoic acid, amide, RCRA Waste Number U007, UN 2074, and vinyl amide (Ware, 1989). Acrylamide is a chemical that commonly ...

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Analysing Genetically Modified And Organic Foods Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,336 Words)

"Without modern food production methods, the world food shortage would be in even more of a crisis today." The controversial issue regarding organic and modern mass production methods such as genetic modification, chemical additives and irradiation is a big issue in the global food industry. The global food shortage crisis is gaining momentum as the world is exposed to environmental disasters and the devastating effects of global ...

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Alpha Amylase enzyme

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,540 Words)

Introduction Alpha-amylase is a type of enzyme (biological catalyst) which reduces the activation energy required in the hydrolysis of starch which thus speeds up the reaction rate. This reaction is increased roughly by a value of x 10¹° due to the amylase enzymes otherwise this reaction would not happen fast enough. Wang, (2009) says the starch molecules (glucose polymers linked together by the alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glucosidic ...

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Composition Of The Complex Ion By Continuous Variation Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,999 Words)

Transition metals will normally form a complexes or coordination compound. In other words, transition metal ions will form complexes ions by coordination. Those complexes are formed by the coordination of lone pairs of electron from donor is called a ligand to an atom or cation, which is also known as an acceptor which has empty orbital to accommodate them. A cation may form a complex with a ...

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How eukaryotic organisms came into existence

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,859 Words)

Living systems (LST) are self-organising systems that interact with the environment. Flows of information, energy and matter maintain these systems in order and balance. Miller (1978) defines LST as a "set of related definitions, assumptions, and propositions which deal with reality as an integrated hierarchy of organizations of matter and energy". LST is as an excellent and powerful tool in aiding an individual to understand and interpret ...

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Myopia Also Known As Short Sightedness Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,104 Words)

Myopia, also known as short-sightedness, is a refractive error defined as an optical condition where parallel light rays entering the eye are focussed before the retina, resulting in a blurred image. Optical correction of this refractive error can be done with spectacles, contact lenses and surgical procedures such as photorefractive keratectomy. People with myopia are usually classified into two groups, low to moderate myopia (0.00D to -6.00D) ...

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Bodily Fluids In Forensic Science Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,009 Words)

At crime scene criminal investigator tries to identify the crime and he looks for evidence to support the crime. They use to be very careful to collect evidence because it is not always possible to prove crime after watching crime scene so they can analyse this evidences in laboratories after crime (Saferstein, 2007, P-38). This essay will first demonstrate the brief information of body fluids then it ...

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Ecological Niche Of Porcellio Scaber Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,446 Words)

Introduction: Porcellio scaber are small, land dwelling crustaceans more commonly known as slaters or woodlice. They play an important role in the community in which they live as they feed on decaying matter such as dead leaves and rotting bark, allowing essential nutrients to re enter the food chain faster by depositing them in the soil through their faeces. P. scaber are most likely to prosper in ...

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The Mechanism Of Heart Function Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,653 Words)

The mechanism of the pumping action of the heart can be categorized in three phases- the generation of an action potential, conduction of the action potential and cardiac muscle contraction (action potential-contraction coupling). The action potential is generated the specialized autorythmic myocardial cells located at the Sino atria (SA) node. The potential spreads to the atria and enters the ventricles through the atria ventricular (AV) node from ...

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Similarities Between Mitochondria And Bacteria Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,336 Words)

Bacteria are believed to be among the oldest cells on Earth, fossils indicate bacteria-like organisms were around almost 3.5 billion years ago. They are unicellular micro-organisms that lack a membrane bound nucleus and contain no organelles. Many people consider them to be the cause of many diseases, which they are, but the human body contains trillions of bacteria, aiding processes such as digestion and growth. Mitochondria on ...

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Human-elephant conflict

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

28 Pages (10,807 Words)

CHAPTER 1 Introduction Many species face increasing competition with people for space and resources (Pimm et al., 1995; Balmford et al., 2001). As human population gradually increased in recent decades, human-animal conflict problems are getting serious. These problems occur due to the encroachment of human beings on animal habitats for agriculture or poaching activities. Many forests have been developed into agricultural areas or industrial areas because of ...

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Alcohol Dehydrogenase In Plant Response To Drought Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,147 Words)

1. Introduction Plant growth and productivity is adversely affected by nature's wrath in the form of various abiotic and biotic stress factors (e.g. salinity, low temperature, drought, and flooding heat, oxidative stress and heavy metal toxicity). All these stress factors are a menace for plants and prevent them from reaching their full genetic potential and limit the crop productivity worldwide. Abiotic stress is the principal cause of ...

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Organic Foods Are Better Than Conventional Foods Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,103 Words)

Organic Foods are better than Conventional Foods. Organic foods are generally considered as better in comparison to the convention foods. This is since they are naturally produced and processed which implies that they are free from chemicals. This means that such food is good for one's health as well as environmental friendly. Such foods contain natural nutrients and minerals that our bodies need for growth, disease resistance ...

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Rice Production In Malaysia Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,632 Words)

As a cereal crop, rice has become the staple food for most human population in Asia, including Malaysia. Rice is a commodity that paramount importance in people uses every day. Rice, Oryza sativa L., belongs to the Poacea family. In Malaysia, it is grown in the Peninsular and on Borneo Island. About 300 500 hectares in Malaysia Peninsular and 190 000 hectares in Borneo Islands are devoted ...

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Problems and possible solutions for Lung Cancer

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,817 Words)

Cancer is one of the major health problems in Malaysia. One of the most occurrences in Malaysia is the lung cancer. Before we can answer 'what is lung cancer?' we need to know what is cancer itself is. The body is made up of millions of individual cells, most of which are capable of dividing and reproducing themselves so that the body can grow and, if injured, ...

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Microbial Production Of Industrial Enzymes Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,647 Words)

Enzymes are biocatalysts produced by living cells to bring about specific biochemical reactions generally forming parts of the metabolic processes of the cells. Enzymes are highly specific in their action on substrates and often many different enzymes are required to bring about, by concerted action, the sequence of metabolic reactions performed by the living cell. All enzymes which have been purified are protein in nature, and may ...

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Nonsom Fermented Fish Rice Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,220 Words)

Fish is classified according to origin such as seawater fish, shellfish, oily and white fish and freshwater fish. Fish is a rich source of protein and it contains other nutrients such as essential fatty acids, fat soluble vitamins and calcium (Barnett, 1998). In fish, it contains fat soluble vitamin such as vitamin A , D and a number of water soluble vitamin B group. Vitamin A and ...

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Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting Ponv Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,181 Words)

Postoperative nausea and vomiting is the nausea and vomiting symptoms which occurred after a surgery, medicines intake or anaesthesia usage. Around 18 to 30 of surgical patients have PONV and the nausea and vomiting symptoms are usually self-limiting in most cases.1 Uncomplicated PONV usually resolve within 24 hours after an operation whereas intractable PONV involve various triggering factors and resist to medical treatment, making it harder to ...

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The Effect of Enzyme Concentration on Reaction Rate

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,762 Words)

Determination of the effect of enzyme concentration on catalysis using starch an amylase. INTRODUCTION Enzymes are said to be catalytic proteins which increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being altered in the process of that reaction. [1] A substrate is a substance which an enzyme acts upon. No bond is formed between the enzyme and the substrate in the reaction thus the enzyme goes back ...

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