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Anatomy And Habits Of Indian Snakes Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

14 Pages (5,245 Words)

In the fourth century BC, India was invaded by Alexander the Greats army, which was accompanied by a number of Macedonian physicians and observers. They were impressed by the achievements of the local Ayurvedic practitioners, particularly in the treatment of snake bite (1). Unfortunately, the legacy of ancient skills, experience and wisdom may have held back rather than encouraged the application of modern scientific research methods to ...

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The bodies defence against microbes and pathogens

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,393 Words)

When the human body is attacked by microbes or pathogens, it defends itself using certain mechanisms. There are two types of mechanisms - one which is non-specific and the other which is specific to the attack. The non-specific mechanism is similar no matter what attacks the body and is again sub divided into external and internal defences. The first line of defences The body's first line of ...

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Application And Advancement Of Electrophoresis In Scientific Research Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,831 Words)

The inception of the concept for electrophoresis was made in 1807. After which it has been a staple tool used by biologist and chemist over the centuries. Various systems of electrophoresis have been introduced, from paper electrophoresis to today's modern automated electrophoresis system. The development of electrophoresis systems have been driven by the advancement of technology and also by the requirement for better and faster resolution of ...

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Preventing Sexually Transmitted Diseases Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,267 Words)

Until the 1990s, STDs were commonly known as venereal diseasesÂ : Veneris is the Latin genitive form of the name Venus, the Roman goddess of love. Social disease was another euphemism. Public health officials originally introduced the term sexually transmitted infection, which clinicians are increasingly using alongside the term sexually transmitted disease in order to distinguish it from the former. According to the Ethiopian Aids Resource Center FAQ, ...

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Literature Survey History Of Zeolites Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

14 Pages (5,462 Words)

The recognition of Zeolites as a new group of minerals was first observed by Cronstedt A.F. in 1756. This consisted of hydrated aluminosilicates of the alkali and alkaline earth material[1]. Zeolites are microporous crystalline aluminosilicates, composed of TO4 tetrahedra (T = Si, Al) with oxygen atoms connecting neighbouring tetrahedra[2]. Zeolites are formed naturally and found practically all over the world. Natural deposits of Zeolites are widely exploited, ...

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Spectroscopy Of Salicylates Lab Report Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,599 Words)

The scenario is that a woman has been stopped by the police due to the condition of her driving. She tells the police that her driving was erratic due to trying to take the lid of a bottle of aspirin which she required for a severe headache. The police could not find the aspirin bottle within the car and the woman then told the police that it ...

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Blood glucose test

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,459 Words)

Definition: A blood glucose test measures the amount of a type of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Glucose comes fromcarbohydrate foods. It is the main source of energy used by the body.Insulinhormone helps the cells of the body use the glucose. Insulin produced by thepancreasand released into the blood when the amount of glucose in the blood rises. In the normal conditions blood glucose levels are slightly ...

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Dna Profiling Using Capillary Gel Electrophoresis Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,354 Words)

Everyone have unique DNA fingerprint except identical twin and it can be used to distinguish between individuals. DNA profiling uses the non-coding sequence of DNA strands to perform the analysis. It can be used in both health and judicial system. The application of DNA profiling in judicial system is discussed only in this paper. The most common DNA profiling techniques are restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and ...

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Snake Venom Enzymes Proteins Substances Neurotoxic Effect Coagulants Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,143 Words)

Snake venom is adapted saliva that is formed by distinct glands of only certain species of snakes. The gland which secretes the zootoxin is an alteration of the parotid salivary gland of other vertebrates, and is usually located on each side of the head underneath and at the back of the eye, capitalized in a muscular case. It is offered with large alveoli in which the venom ...

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Organ System of the Human Body

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,121 Words)

The human body is composed of different organs with each performing a specific function. These organs do not work alone, but combine their functionality to work as systems. An organ system is usually composed of different organs which perform closely related functions and work collectively to perform a common purpose (Anatomy 1). The human body is composed of ten major organ systems. The endocrine system is among ...

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Microorganisms Relevant To Bioremediation Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,107 Words)

Bioremediation is a technology that utilizes the metabolic potential of microorganisms to clean up contaminated environments. One important characteristic of bioremediation is that it is carried out in non-sterile open environments that contain a variety of organisms. Of these, bacteria, such as those capable of degrading pollutants, usually have central roles in bioremediation, whereas other organisms (e.g. fungi and grazing protozoa) also affect the process. A deeper ...

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Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Risks Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,670 Words)

Attempts at cloning a mammal can be traced back to 1979, where the scientist Steen Willadsen successfully cloned a sheep embryo using nuclear transfer [1]. Since then numerous attempts have been made to replicate these results. Notably the birth of Dolly the sheep (1996) was a major development in this field; as she was the first mammal to be cloned from a fully differentiated somatic cell, using ...

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Pathophysiology Of Liver Disease And Key Liver Function Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,565 Words)

The liver is the largest glandular organ present in vertebrates and some other animals. It is reddish brown in colour with four lobes of unequal size and shape ( Fig.1.0). It is located at the right side of the abdominal cavity beneath the diaphragm. The liver has a wide range of functions. It would be difficult to overestimate the its importance to the healthy functioning of the ...

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Deriving venturi discharge formula from Bernoulli

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,633 Words)

Aims and Objectives: In this experiment the flow (k) and discharge (Cd) coefficients of a venturi meter will be assessed by comparing the real discharge measured in the experiment with the theoretical discharge calculated by deriving venturi discharge formula from Bernoulli and continuity equations. Apparatus: The apparatus used in this experiment are: Stopwatch Â¿Â½ It is used to calculate the time required for a specific volume of ...

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GFP Transformation Into E Coli Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,297 Words)

Genetic transformation is the technique of introducing a recombinant DNA into a living cell. In this experiment, we introduced pGLO plasmid into E. Coli bacteria through the heat-shock method. CaCl2 solution was used to make the E. coli cells competent. Intruduction Genetic transformation is the technique involving introduction and expression of foreign(exogenous) DNA in a living host cells. Scientists cut out interested gene from human, plants or animals ...

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Identifying Problems When Obtaining Population Parameters

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,505 Words)

We estimate population parameters, such as the mean, based on the sample statistics. It is difficult to get a precise value or point estimation of these figures. A more practical and informative approach is to find a range of values in which we expect the population parameters will fall. Such a range of values is called a confidence interval. 1. CONFIDENCE INTERVAL Definition The confidence interval is a ...

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Macronutrients And Energy Atkins Diet Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,537 Words)

Foods containing Lipids, Proteins and Carbohydrates provide the energy needed by the body. These nutrients are broken down and changed into fuel which provides the energy enabling the body to function. Taking a vitamin may be beneficial, but will not increase energy levels. These nutrients are termed macronutrients, basically meaning that large amounts of them are needed to sustain healthy functioning of the body. (Thompson JL, Manore ...

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Preparing Potassium Trioxalatoferrate Trihydrate From Ferrous Oxalate Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

2 Pages (769 Words)

Iron, being a transition metal can be found in different oxidation states, such as 2+ and 3+. Transition metal ions react with neutral or charged ligands, such as Br- or NH3, respectively, to form complex ions or neural compounds. Iron in the Potassium Trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate, is found in the +3 oxidation state. This thus forms an octahedral complex that could accommodate up to 6 monodentate ligands around ...

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The Preparation Of Oxalate Complexes Of Iron Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,935 Words)

In coordination chemistry there are different types of ligands. Monodentate ligands donate only one lone pair to the metal ion. Bidentate ligands donate two pairs of electrons such as the oxalate ligands which can bind at two sites with the metal ion, thus a coordination number of three ligands around one metal ion. Oxalate has four oxygens with each having a lone pair but it only uses ...

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Enumeration of Bacteria in a population

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,056 Words)

Scientists use a number of different methods to determine the number of micro-organisms that are present in a given population. This can be accomplished by using the spectrophotometer to measure the optical density of the population, by directly counting the microorganisms using a haemocytometer, or by serial diluting the bacteria and plating the diluted bacteria on media that supports the growth of the micro-organisms. The latter method ...

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An Overview Of Barium Swallow Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,993 Words)

Two common radiographic procedures of the upper GI system in volving the administration of contrast media are the esophagram, or barium swallow, as it is sometimes referred to, and the upper GI series. Each of these procedures is described in detail, beginning with the esophagram. This examination is used for the patient who have high dysphagia or definite oesophageal symptoms, or have quite often had a normal ...

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Accurate Classification Of Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,598 Words)

Middle cerebral artery is a very common site for aneurysm formation. MCA aneurysms represent 18-40 of all intracranial aneurysms. MCAAS are commonly divided into three groups: proximal (M1As), bifurcation (MbifAs), or distal (MdistAs) aneurysms. Each group presents with distinct anatomic features that have an impact on their management. Assigning MCAAs into a particular group can sometimes be difficult since the length and caliber of the M1 segment ...

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Effects Of Inbreeding On Animal And Human Populations Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,200 Words)

Genetics is the branch in biology which studies the origin, transmission and expression of genetic information, and the variation it causes amongst species. In this essay I will talk particularly about inbreeding in animals and humans, and the effect of this on their population. As described by the famous naturalist Charles Darwin, natural selection works by selecting those individuals amongst species with the traits and characteristics that ...

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Screening Of Cellulase Producing Fungi Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (950 Words)

The Fungi strain are relatively high potential source for cellulase production technology because they show the higher diameter of clear zone by 8.2cm, 8.1cm, 7.9cm respectively. The greater the diameter of clear zone, the larger amount of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) can be degraded. To screen the best suitable of cellulase-producing fungi for the industrial uses, three parameters will be considered: (1) High titer and good enzymatic activity; (2) ...

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Particle agglutination test

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,779 Words)

The presence of an antigen or anti-bodies in a blood sample can be found out using either the Particle Agglutination Test (PAT) or by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The PAT is performed using substances that will facilitate the process of agglutination. Agglutination is the clumping together of particles which forms non-dissolvable or what is called as insoluble aggregates. The common substances used in the PAT are ...

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Effect Of Azadirachtin On Insects

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

23 Pages (8,999 Words)

INTRODUCTION Humans have always been in direct competition with a myriad of insects, pests from our ancestral beginning. This competition for food with insects intensified when humans began to cultivate plants converting the natural ecosystem to an agroecosystem. Also insects serve as vectors of various diseases caused by bacterial, filarial nematode, protozoans and viruses. Therefore control of insects posed a major concern for the development of the ...

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Identifying the pharmacological properties of unknown drugs

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,134 Words)

The experiment aimed to establish the pharmacological attributes of drug (B2) which is relatively unknown to many people. A more important thing to consider is the effect of Antagonistic in blocking the effects of B2. Another thing of utmost value is the question which tries to explain whether the effects and usefulness of B2 can actually be replicated in other drugs. It is paramount to understand that ...

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The Process Of Diffusion And Osmosis Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,731 Words)

This lab was performed to understand the process of diffusion and osmosis. First off, to fully comprehend the point of this lab, one has to be on familiar terms with the workings of diffusion and osmosis. The random movement of molecules that go from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration is diffusion. Osmosis is then a branched off form of diffusion, with ...

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Hepatocyte Structure And Function The Structure Of Protein Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,955 Words)

Proteins are formed from a string of multiple amino acids joined together by a peptide bond by a condensation reaction and each protein consists of one amino acid, polypeptide, chain. The different function of each protein is determined by which amino acids and side chains are present in the amino acid chain. All proteins are built from a combination from a set of 20 amino acids, the ...

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Biotransformation And Elimination Of Drugs Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,209 Words)

Liver plays a significant role in the metabolism of a large number of drugs and toxins. Hepatic drug metabolism involves various processes, broadly classified as Phase 1 (functionalisation) and Phase 2 (conjugation). Glucuronidation catalysed by UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGTs) plays a key role in the Phase 2 metabolism of a large number of drugs as well as many endogenous substrates, like bilirubin, steroids etc., by increasing the hydrophilicity ...

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Induced Electromotive Force Generated From Potatoes Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,580 Words)

I was first introduced to vegetative electric energy during my freshman year in high school, when our chemistry teacher showed a lemon battery at work as we were studying Electrochemistry. I got very intrigued with the idea of generating electricity with lemons, and I later learnt that many organic substances exist which can also produce electricity. The next year of my high school, I heard about the ...

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Investigation Of Aspirin Overdose Using Salicylate Assay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,381 Words)

Aspirin is the most widely used over-the-counter drug in the world. The average tablet contains about 325 milligrams of acetylsalicylic. Aspirin is used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and lower fever. Aspirin originally was derived by boiling the bark of the white willow tree. Although the salicin in willow bark has palliative properties, purified salicylic acid was bitter and irritating when taken orally. Phenylsalicylate could be produced ...

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Identification Of Sporosarcina Bacteria Isolated From Forest Soil Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,781 Words)

Microbial communities are an immensely important part of soil structure and function. Microbes cycle nutrients, such as carbon and nitrogen, in the soil, making them available for use by plants (Rogers and Tate III 2001, Wu et al. 2008), and they affect the physical structure of soil by forming microaggregates of soil particles (Wu et al. 2008). The microbial community is also influenced by the soil; the ...

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Streptococcus Pneumoniae Bacteria Causing Pneumonia Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,177 Words)

Introduction Streptococcus pneumoniae lives in the upper respiratory tract of a human body. This bacterium is the cause of pneumonia, especially lobar pneumonia, otitis media and paranasal sinusitis, or meningitis, that is usually secondary to the infections mentioned. Streptococcus pneumonia can also be the cause of endocarditis, septic arthritis, cellulitis, steomyelitis, brain abscesses, and peritonitis. Currently streptococcus pneumonia is the main cause behind the invasive bacterial diseases ...

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Analyse Different Chilli Peppers Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

18 Pages (7,174 Words)

The purpose of this project was to analyse different chilli peppers and hot sauces for their Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin content but concentration was focused more on the analysis of different chillies than sauces. Samples of chillies were refluxed using Ethanol as an extraction solvent and sauces were untrasonicated using Methanol. The extracts were filtered and analysed via Reverse phase HPLC-UV Vis technique. A number of experiments were ...

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Anatomy And Physiology Of The Heart Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,713 Words)

CAD also known as coronary heart disease or ischemic heart disease is a disease caused by the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, referred to as atherosclerosis which reduces the amount of oxygenated blood to the heart (McPhee & Papadakis, 2011). CAD encompasses two pathologies, angina and myocardial infarction, commonly recognized as a heart attack (Parmet, Glass & Glass, 2004). Angina is best described by pain ...

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Rate Of Reaction And The Yield Conversion Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,141 Words)

At the outset, the objective of this experiment is to scrutinize the rate of reaction and the yield conversion. And the foremost principal that should be applied in order to determine both rate of reaction and yield conversion is material balance for batch reactions. As the experiment go on, students are supposed to perceive the factors catering the yield, rate of reaction and also the conversion. According ...

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Introduction And Background Of Bacterial Conjunctivitis Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,955 Words)

Introduction and Background Thanks to the wildly popular Judd Apatow hit "Knocked Up", an alarming number of Americans believe that you can contract "pinkeye" (conjunctivitis) by farting into your pillow. Contrary to popular belief, simply passing gas is not enough to spread conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis is categorized by the redness or swelling of the conjunctiva - the membrane that lines the eyelid and eye surface. This membrane is ...

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Production Of Various Therapeutic And Commercial Products Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,708 Words)

Nucleic acid manipulation is one of the most widely used techniques for the production of various therapeutic and commercial products. The technique mainly involves micro isolation plasmid DNA from cells by using lysozymes, restriction of isolated DNA by using restriction endonucleases, ligation of restricted DNA and desired gene using DNA ligases, transformation of recombinant DNA into host cell by using suitable vector and expression of gene by ...

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Ethanol In This Experiment Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,104 Words)

The yield obtained through this experiment is 39 of the theoretical mass of ethyl-p amino benzoic acid. There are few events that could be improved in order to issue the amount of yield obtained. Firstly, the quality of reagent used is relatively small to acquire a good percentage of the product. In order for a greater percentage yield in this experiment, a great amount of reagent should ...

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Yeast During The Rice Wine Fermentation Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,525 Words)

In this study, the effect of different starter culture has been studied and the activity of yeast during the rice wine fermentation also being observed. The UHT milk were being mix with different kind of starter culture. Later, the yoghurt mixture were being incubated and further undergoes chilling period which results in the desired yogurt. Natural yogurt and Lactobacillus Casei Shirota had been chosen to be the ...

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The Antiretroviral Drug Of Zidovudine Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,996 Words)

Zidovudine is an antiretroviral drug which is a 'nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor'; it is used as treatment with other antiretroviral drugs against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Additionally, zidovudine can be utilised as a means of reducing the risk of transfer of HIV from a pregnant woman to her child. Furthermore, zidovudine is used in 'post exposure prophylaxis' in order to lower the chance of being infected with ...

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Antibacterial Benefits Of Spices Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,085 Words)

It is becoming more and more common to find many bacteria developing resistance to most common antibiotics. As the resistant strains develop ways around our traditional methods, it may be important to look into alternative methods to fight back. The alternatives may be as simple as looking in your spice cabinet. There has been research conducted observing the use of spices as antibiotics. The effectiveness is still ...

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Cancer Stem Cell Definition Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

19 Pages (7,243 Words)

Cancers are composed of a heterogeneous mix of cells with varying differentiation, proliferation and tumourigenic properties. In vivo studies have demonstrated that within a cancer population, only percentage of cells are able to initiate tumour development [1]. It is widely believed that the heterogeneous groups of cells include a small population of cancer cells with stem cell properties: the cancer stem cell (CSC). These cells have the ...

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Overview Of Using Enzymes In Biocatalysis Green Chemistry Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,460 Words)

ABSTRACT Aminotransaminases are a group of enzymes that play a key role in the amino acid metabolism catalysing the transfer of amino groups into keto acids resulting in the production of amino derivatives. It is PLP-dependent.they have many applications as biocatalysts because of their ability to introduce amino into ketone with good enantio- and regioselectivity. Aminotransaminases have been classified by three groups on the basis of substrate ...

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Photosynthesis And Aerobic Respiration Cyclic Processes Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,169 Words)

Photosynthesis and aerobic respiration are both part of a cyclic process of biochemical reactions. Photosynthesis requires the products of aerobic respiration (carbon dioxide and water), while aerobic respiration requires the products of photosynthesis (glucose and oxygen). Together, these reactions are involved in how cells make and store energy. The energy transfers in both processes and in how the gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs and ...

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Contrast Media In Intravenous Urogram Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,919 Words)

Intravenous urogram is also known as intravenous pyelogram. It is a radiology procedure to view the urine system including kidney, bladder and ureter. Intravenous urogram is roughly examination allows the doctor to see structures like the cortex, renal, calyceal, renal pelvis, pyeloureteric junction, bladder and ureteric drainage. Among the problems that can be examined in this way is a bladder infection, kidney infection, bleeding in the urine, ...

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Positive And Negative Contrast Media Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,886 Words)

In the field of radiology, some investigation or procedure on a patient in need of contrast into the patient's body through a vein, artery, mouth or anus, which is located in the body. Since the invention of the era of the 1950s, iodine contrast media (ICM) is apparently more secure have been used extensively, almost daily use and is a widely used drug in medical history. Various ...

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Effect Of Heavy Metal Ions For Inhibition Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,345 Words)

The present research was carried out to performed analysis of jack bean urease by Hg+2 and Zn+2 ions after incubation of the enzyme with metal ions, as an inhibitor and without metal ion. Hg and Zn were studied as an inhibitor of jack bean urease in 20 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.5. The inhibition was carried out by the use of an incubation procedure in the presence ...

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Transition Elements And Coordination Compounds Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,286 Words)

As we know, Manganese is found in the first row of transition metal with the electron configuration [Ar] 3d5 4s2. Besides that, Manganese has different type of oxidation states when it appears as a compound and the oxidation state is from Mn(-III) until Mn(VII). So, we know that the compounds of manganese range in the oxidation number have a different of 10 electrons. In the experiment 1, ...

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Oxygen Consumption Cellular Respiration Germinating And Dried Peas Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,157 Words)

Dormant seeds are seeds that are living but have a seed coat around them. They have all the supplies they need to process and have a metabolism, and they would be able to germinate if they were under the right conditions.1 Germination occurs when dormant seeds are placed in the right conditions to start to enlarge and open so roots start to protrude. Oxygen, water, temperature, and ...

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Embalming Solutions And Their Adverse Effects Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,317 Words)

Both formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde based embalming solutions are widely used in preserving dead bodies and in pathology, forensic medicine and museums. Phenoxyethanol may be an alternative to them. Each of them has its merits and demerits but none of them is totally non-toxic. This review is about various possible adverse effects of these embalmbing solutions. Key words: Embalming solutions, Formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde and Phenoxyethanol. Introduction After death human ...

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Effects Of Nuclear Radiation On The Environment Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,380 Words)

Nuclear power is generated through the use of nuclear fission. This process produces a large amount of heat and electricity. The nuclear waste and radiation that nuclear fission produces are harmful to living organisms; however, the benefits of nuclear power are too tempting to refuse. As a testament to that fact, there are currently 437 nuclear power plants worldwide, generating a total of 372,210 megawatts worth of ...

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The Concentration Of Iron In Iron Tablet Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,214 Words)

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the concentration of iron in iron tablet, lamb's liver and fortified cornflakes in relation to the nutritional requirements of the human body using titration. Iron plays a very important role in human health (Oxford Reference Online, 1997). It exists in the haemoglobin and myoglobin, the red pigment in the red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body (Oxford ...

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Genetically Modified Plants And Animals Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,026 Words)

The genome of both animals and plants has been altered for many years through various traditional breeding methods and organisms with favourable characteristics have being artificially selected to breed successive generations. These methods, however, have been limited to naturally occurring variations. Recent advances in genetic engineering have made it possible for scientists to precisely control any genetic changes introduced into an organism. Genes from one species can, ...

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The Immunological Response To Malaria Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,044 Words)

Our immune system is comprised of many specialised components, which work collectively to defend the body from harmful foreign bodies. Knowledge of the immune response elicited during malarial infections mainly comes from research using small animal models such as rodents; Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium yoelii are species of rodent malaria commonly used in studies. Although an immune response is elicited against malaria, in many individuals the parasite ...

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Identification Of Staphylococcus Aureus From Bacterial Genus Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,540 Words)

Staphylococcus was first discovered in 1880 by Alexander Ogston. Currently, more than 30 different species of the genus has been identified. The name "Staphylococcus" was derived from Greek, with the prefix "Staphylo" referring to "bunches of grapes" and the suffix "coccus" referring to "granule" (16). As the meanings suggest, bacteria from Staphylococcus are circular-shaped and their arrangement resembles bunches of grapes when observed under a microscope. Typically, ...

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An Overview Over Existing Medical Imaging Techniques Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,698 Words)

Various techniques are used for the extraction of information or data from the images for the purpose of making a medical diagnosis of a patient. Generally, image data is in the form of microscopy images. Major techniques used for medical imaging are [8]: 2.1. Radiology and Computed Tomography with x-rays 2.1.1. Diagnostic Radiology X-rays were discovered by W. C. Röntgen in 1895 and the prospect for medical ...

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Review Of The Aetiology Of Cellulitis Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,655 Words)

A Standard 5 boy returned from a summer camp with several minor cuts and abrasions. Within a week, extensive cellulitis developed, and it was apparent that subcutaneous tissue was involved, requiring surgical intervention of nonviable tissue. A provisional diagnosis of cellulitis is made, blood samples are taken for culture, sensitivity and testing. The doctor prescribes intravenous Dicloxacillin 250mg qid for 5 days. A short review of the ...

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Vitamin C Deterioration Investigation Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,436 Words)

The experiment was tested with titrations being done each week of the pineapple juice which was stored in various conditions. Results were recorded and compared to previous week's results in order to determine whether there is in fact deterioration due to storage of vitamin C. The experiment was to research the deterioration of Vitamin C in pineapple juice due to different storage conditions. The outcome of the ...

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Development Of Stem Cell Technology Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,088 Words)

The research of embryonic stem cell is classified under the study of biotechnology, which is one of the most recognized areas of research by the public, as well as one that have the potentials of benefited from the completion of the research7. The embryonic stem cells are the absolute base form of all cells that is within a human, they are frequently known for two of their ...

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Genetic Engineering of Animal Species

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,441 Words)

Animal genetic engineering has existed for thousands of years in the form of selective breeding. People have chosen desirable characteristics for appearance, survival traits, and other qualities in animals they wish to obtain in future offspring. They then bred these animals to selected mates in order to increase likelihood of offspring inheriting these desired traits. More recent definitions of genetic engineering define it as the manipulation or ...

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Analysis Of Intramembranous Ossification Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,503 Words)

Intramembranous ossification occurs at some point in growth of the human body, inside the womb and is the course by which flat bones such as bones of the skull and the collarbones are shaped from connective tissue. Endochondral ossification occurs in the growth of long bones such as the arms and legs. In Intramembranous ossification the bones build up from other connective tissues instead. It is the ...

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Alcoholic Liver Disease Literature Review Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,277 Words)

Marsano et al., 2003, reported that Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a serious and potentially fatal outcome caused due to alcohol usage. ALD encompasses three conditions mainly fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. The diagnosis and management of this disease is important for decreasing the mortality. For accurate diagnosis of ALD new bio marker or idenififier proteins are being investigated. There is no specific therapy for ALD ...

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The Bamboo And Construction With Bamboo Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,859 Words)

The world is at the jaws of crisis in many sectors in the near future. One of the most important of them is the availability of timber. World is becoming more and more urbanized. There must be some sort of solution which can give some relief to the hunger towards the need of timber. We need to look for a solution which must have few characteristics such ...

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Bears Facts And Information Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,906 Words)

The Bear is a mammal belonging to family Ursidae and is characterised by shaggy coat,a short tail and walk with both heel and sole touching the ground.Bears are exploring, intelligent but potentially dangerous animals and are killed each year by people If we show respect to bears and learn proper behavior once in their kingdom this will help if you encounter a bear. Bears tend to avoid ...

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A Review Of Staphylococcus Aureus Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

20 Pages (7,940 Words)

Charpter 1 Introduction 1.1Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic yet versatile pathogen that can infect almost all types of tissue in the human body . 33-50% of healthy individuals were reported to be S. aureus carriers . The diseases resulting from S. aureus infection range from superficial infections; invasive infections such as endocarditis to the life threatening septic shock and toxic shock . The presence ...

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Human Haemoglobin And Sickle Cell Disease Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,578 Words)

Blood is necessary for every living organism and is the general nutrient fluid, which makes the exchange of matter in the body of every organism.Â By the heart and blood vessels, blood circulates through tissues and organs of the body and keeps them alive.Â One of the major functions of blood is that it carries nutrients to all parts of the body.Â Wherever blood goes, there is nutrition and ...

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The Scope Of Regenerative Medicine Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,887 Words)

Medical advances have significantly improved human living conditions. Pharmaceutical products such as drugs, antibiotics, vaccines and the remarkable improvements in medicine and surgery provide effective treatments and defence against a vast number of diseases. However, the rapid progress in technology and the understanding of human biology have also led to the emergence of controversial innovations. Regenerative medicine is one of the newest and most fascinating fields in ...

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Physiology Of Human Bones And Joints Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,677 Words)

This includes all the physical and chemical processes that go on inside living things and that are necessary for proper functioning of the body. Physiology is closely related to anatomy, the study of different organs in a body and their relative positioning. This is because an understanding of functions of body parts requires a prior understanding of how the body is built. Human physiology is the ...

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Gene Transfer Using Agrobacterium Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,148 Words)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is said to infect dicots naturally. What are the potential obstacles in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of monocots? Discuss how did the breakthrough (success in transforming monocots using Agrobacterium) come about? (60 marks) Gene transfer using Agrobacterium is a method of transferring genes by using a carrier to insert the gene of interest into the recipient host plant cells. This technology is based on the discovery of ...

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Antioxidant Properties From Different Parts Of Mukia Maderaspatana Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,690 Words)

Plants have the ability to synthesize a wide variety of chemical compounds that are used to perform important biological functions and to defend against attack from predators. Mukia maderaspatana (L.)M. Romer, is an annual monoecious climber, belonging to Cucurbitaceae family. This plant specify many medicinal properties such as constipation, cough, vertigo, burning sensation, dyspepsia and dental pain.. In this study, ascorbic acid content from fresh leaves and ...

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The Spread Of Infectious Diseases Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,216 Words)

Through the last 40 years, concern about the spread of infectious disease has progressed due to the public becoming more concerned about infectious diseases major public health threats. Despite the fact that everything these days is hygienic, hypoallergenic, sterilized, and individually wrapped for your protection, over 30 infectious diseases have cropped up over the last twenty-five years (Patz & Confalonieri, 2004). Even with all these precautions, Infectious ...

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Effects Of Whey Protein Powder On Total Protein Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,408 Words)

Whey protein has been shown to increase soil quality and water capacity. (Sharratt et aI., 1959) This experiment was designed to determine whether pea plant samples would exhibit similar effects when treated with whey. The test reagent was diluted into two different treatments (lx and O.lx), and a control group was treated with distilled water. The plants were watered five days a week for the first week ...

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Single Stage H Biased Amplifier Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

21 Pages (8,239 Words)

The objective of this laboratory exercise was to design, simulate, build and test a single stage H- biased amplifier to design specifications and requirements. The design specified a voltage gain of 50 be obtained, a lower cut off frequency of 100Hz and maximum symmetrical swing. An NPN 2N3904 transistor was to be used, with a supply voltage of 15volts. A 100kÃ¢â€žÂ¦ load resistor was also required in ...

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Determination Of Soy Protein Contents In Soybean Milk Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,156 Words)

Soy is probably most well known for its protein content because soy has a high Protein Efficiency Ratio, which means that the amino acids that are contained in soy protein are made from a large percentage of "essential amino acids". Essential amino acids are known as amino acid that cannot produce by our body but need be provided by the diet. Soybean milk is a milk substitute ...

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Speciation Of Lake Malawis Cichlid Fish Populations Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,715 Words)

Introduction Ancient lakes have been an intensely studied area in evolutionary biology (Brooks 1950; Martens 1997). This is because ancient lakes contain a continuous record of biotic change over long periods of geologic time in their basin sediments, and because ancient lakes generally have high levels of endemism in their biological communities. Lake Malawi is located in the East African Rift Valley and its basin dates to ...

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Maple Syrup Urine Disease Msud Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,307 Words)

The characteristic smell of maple syrup in urine of affected patients, gave the disease its name following its discovery in the early 1954 by J.H. Menkes and his colleagues. A group of researchers led by Dancis in 1960, discovered that the metabolic block in MSUD is caused by an insufficient supply of a digestive enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of three branched-chain amino acids, leucine, isoleucine and ...

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Amoeba Cell And Other Protozoans Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,334 Words)

The amoeba cell is any of the several tiny, one-celled protozoa. An amoeba lives in fresh-water, salt water and moist body parts of animals. They are made of cytoplasm. They may have one or more nuclei, but it depends on the species of the Amoeba. (http://www.scienceclarified.com, Paragraph 1) The origin of amoeba comes from the Greek word amoibe that means "to change." The cell travels mainly by ...

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The Function Of The Scanning Electron Microscope Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,308 Words)

The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is one of the most powerful microscopes in the field of Science. Microscopes are used to help us examine objects that are too small to be seen in a normal human eye. Since the magnifying glass was invented, it has evolved itself through many years making today's most powerful microscope, it is also a very expensive piece of tool but it is ...

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Micronutrients Plays Significant Role In Plant Growth Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,065 Words)

Chilli Capsicum annuum L. an important vegetable crop, widely cultivated in Pakistan. Chillies are native to South and Central America. In Pakistan, Kunri is the home of red chillies. It contributes about 85% of red chillies produced in Pakistan and is known as one of the largest production centers for red chillies in Asia (SBI, 2010). It is a perennial small shrub belongs to the family Solanaceae. ...

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Why Are Living Organisms So Diverse Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,136 Words)

In order to discuss why living organisms are so diverse it is firstly important to discuss what diversity actually is. By dictionary definition biodiversity, the diversity of living organisms, is "the variety of plant and animal life in the world or a particular habitat."(Compact Oxford English Dictionary,2003 revised edition). However in 1992 the definition was clarified for scientific purposes by the United Nations Earth Summit in Rio ...

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Auxin Gravitropism Affects The Growth Of Roots Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,368 Words)

To investigate how the Auxin gravitropism affects the growth of roots and shoots in seedlings. Hypothesis: If gravity affects the direction of growth in seedlings, then the roots will grow towards the direction that gravity is pulling them, and the shoots will grow in the opposite direction of gravity. Introduction: Hormones are one of the bodies many and greatest communication systems. Hormone molecules can be released by ...

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The Structure Of A Phospholipid Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,681 Words)

The inner layer of cell membranes consists of a phospholipid bilayer. Phospholipids have a a hydrophilic polar head and two hydrophobic tails. Phospholipid diversity is based on differences in the two fatty acid tails and in the groups attached to the phosphate group of the head. Phospholipids are polar on one end (the phosphate end) and nonpolar on the other (the fatty acid end). Phospholipids form the ...

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Leukopenia And Leukemia Risk Factors Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

18 Pages (7,143 Words)

A clinical condition, known as leukopenia occasionally occurs in which the bone marrow produces very few white blood cells, leaving the body unprotected against many bacteria and other agents that might invade the tissues. Normally, the human body lives in symbiosis with many bacteria, because all the mucous membranes of the body are constantly exposed to large numbers of bacteria. The mouth almost always contains various spirochetal, ...

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Biochemical Importance Of Water Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,430 Words)

Water is often referred to as the 'universal solvent' and without there would be no life on this planet. Its involvement is extensive from cellular processes in organism to providing a habitat for life. In this essay I will examine the reason for waters properties and how its properties allow for its vast involvement. A water molecule is comprised of 2 hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom. ...

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The Hypothalamic Pituitary Testicular Axis And Testosterone Production

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,305 Words)

The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis refers to the release of hormones by three glands and the effects of those hormones on the body. These three glands release multiple hormones and cause multiple widespread and localized effects on the body. The Hypothalamus produces and releases a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH). GnRH is a peptide hormone that is synthesized and released by the neurons in the Hypothalamus. The Pituitary gland produces luteinizing ...

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Examining the reproductive process of fungi

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,477 Words)

Do you wonder why mold appears on a piece of bread after it was stored for a long time? The reason for this is fungi. Fungi are multi-cellular organisms, which have species up to 1.5 million species approximately. Fungi play important roles in the ecosystem. They decompose organic material and recycle nutrients, allowing other organisms to absorb those nutrients. Fungi are heterotrophs meaning that they can't produce ...

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Molecular Structure And Reactivity Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,912 Words)

Shape is a fundamentally important molecular feature that often determines the fate of a drug with respect to molecular interactions it will have with both its preferred and non-preferred biological targets. Complementarity of binding in small-molecule-protein, peptide-receptor, antigen-antibody and protein-protein interactions is the key to life, survival and the basis on which modern medicine is built. It is therefore imperative that any student of the life sciences ...

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Antigenic Shift And Drift Of Influenza Virus Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,184 Words)

Influenza A virus is known in the worldwide as an acute contagious viral infectious disease and respiratory tract disease that occur as a result of infection. Flu can cause mild to severe sickness, and can be lethal. Certain people, such as elder people and people with health conditions, are at a high risk for serious problems from the flu virus. The influenza or the flu is caused ...

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The Characteristics Of Retroviruses Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (987 Words)

Retroviruses have various characteristics that make them unique as gene delivery vehicles. Their life cycle includes an integrated state in the DNA of the host chromosome. Retroviruses are the only animal viruses that integrate into the host cell's genome during the normal growth cycle. They use an integrase that acts in a site-specific manner to join the ends of the viral cDNA to target sequences in host ...

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Early Signs And Symptoms Of HIV Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,300 Words)

The first AIDS cases were described in 1981. HIV was discovered and identified as the agent for AIDS by Luc Montagnier of France and Robert Gallo of the United States in 1983-1984, leading to some probability regarding to which the first. In the past, the virus was called Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type III (HTLV-III) or Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus (LAV). In 1986, the genome of the virus was cloned ...

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Obesity And Body Mass Index Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,877 Words)

Obesity is one of the most rapidly increasing and foremost causes of concern throughout the world. It is a disease and not a disorder associated with an excessive accumulation of body fat and is defined when body mass index (BMI) is greater or equal to 30 Kg/m2. BMI determines nutritional status of an individual and is represented by the formula, weight in kilograms divided by square of ...

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Natural Hair Dye Versus Chemical Hair Dye Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,461 Words)

This experiment was designed to investigate and compare the extent of damage to the hair shaft structure caused by henna as the selected natural hair dye and chemical hair dye. The qualitative analysis of hair using a hair hygrometer shows the variation in hair strand length in a fixed moist condition differ between the naturally and chemically dyed hair. The mean length of extension represents the degree ...

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Enzymes Catalysts In Biochemical Reactions Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,296 Words)

Introduction Enzymes are resourceful catalysts for biochemical reactions, like all catalysts enzymes tend to speed up reactions. Enzymes use alternative reaction pathway of lower activation energy. They take part in the reaction, and as a result their able to provide alternate pathways. Throughout the reaction enzymes remain unchanged because they cannot experience any permanent changes. Enzymes only have the ability to change the rate of the overall ...

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Ouchterlony Double Diffusion Assay Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,227 Words)

Introduction: Polyclonal antibodies are produced by different B- lymphocytes in response to the same antigen, which recognise different parts of the antigen. Because the human immune system cannot know in advance what pathogens it will confront, it prepares for future infections by creating millions of different antibodies. Each of these highly selective proteins recognizes and binds to a specific target, or antigen, then signals other components of ...

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The LAC Operon Consists Of Genes Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,167 Words)

The experiment for the induction of -galactosidase comprises of two parts. The main aim of the first part was to measure the relative amount of -galactosidase in E.coli cells by using IPTG as the inducer. For the second part, the aim was to observe the outcome of different conditions on the inductions of -galactosidase in E.coli cells. The lac operon consists of genes that specify the expression ...

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Rapamycin And Cisplatin In Breast Cancers Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,116 Words)

Recent gene expression profiling has identified five breast cancer subtypes, of which the basal-like breast cancers are the most aggressive and possess serious clinical challenges as there are currently no targeted therapies available. Although there is increasing evidence that these tumors confer specific sensitivity to cisplatin, its success is often compromised due to its dose-limiting nephrotoxicity and development of drug resistance. To overcome this limitation, our focus ...

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Community Acquired Pneumonia Overview Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,197 Words)

Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is a form of acute lower respiratory tract infection that occurs in every 5 to 11 cases per 1000 adults' population every year. Amongst these cases, approximately 22% to 42 % of them are admitted to the hospital and of these percentages; about 1.29 cases per 1000 person are of those in the age range of 18 to 39 years and about 13.21 ...

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Rice Straw In Malaysia Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,891 Words)

Rice straw is a fibrous by-product from rice production industry that has not been fully recognized and utilized as ruminant feed in Malaysia. Rice straw is still abundant and considered as an important feed resource, but has yet to find significant uses for the production of ruminant. Instead, post-harvest open burning of straw becomes a common and wasteful farming practice during the harvest season and creates environmental ...

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