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Homeostasis, Co-Ordination and Control

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

7 Pages (2,662 Words)

Sophie Jesuthasan TAQ- Homeostasis, Co-Ordination and Control and the Excretory System TAQ 1 What is homeostasis? (96 words) Homeostasis is the process of maintaining internal equilibrium, regardless of external influences. Every internal process has a desirable environment, known as the norm, at which operations are carried out most effectively e.g. maintaining a temperature a constant core body temperature. Any deviation from the norm ...

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Organisation of the Body

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

10 Pages (3,817 Words)

Lisa Rann Light Microscope Electron Microscope How they work A light ray is beamed from a source beneath the specimen and transmitted through the objective and ocular lenses to produce a focused colour image on the retina of the eye when viewed through the eyepiece. Specimen is mounted ...

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Low pH-induced Insertion Peptide

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

4 Pages (1,224 Words)

Xinyi Huang As we all know, the cell membrane is a biological membrane that can separate the cell interior from the outside environment. The cell membrane is alternatively permeable and able to control what enters and exits the cell, thereby promoting the transport of molecules needed for survival. The cell membrane works as a selective filter and can only allow certain molecules to get ...

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Marine Genomes in Nanoparticles (NPs) Synthesis

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

7 Pages (2,703 Words)

Nanotechnology is an emerged filed of research with potential of applications in biomolecular detection (Shedbalkar et al., 2014), catalysis (Kim et al., 2003), optical devices (Kamat, 2002), cancer treatments (Dobson, 2006; Cai et al., 2008), crop preservation (Mohammed Fayaz et al., 2010), bioremediation (Grazyna Bystrzejewska-Piotrowska et al., 2009) and in textile industries for cotton finishing (Hebeish et al., 2011). The varieties of the physical and chemical ...

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Development of Glass Ionomer Cement 1980-2000

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

4 Pages (1,341 Words)

Glass Ionomer Cement 1980-2000 Between 1980 till 2000 two variations of the glass ionomer cement from 1969 was developed: light polymerised liquid resin component and glass ionomer cement modified by metal inclusion1. Second generation glass ionomer - 1980 Water-hardening GIC WHGIC are supplied as Polyacid liuid or powder. The presence of polyacid wither increases viscosity or molecular weight of the liquid, making the material harder to ...

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Optimizing US/MB-mediates Gene Transfer to Treg

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

7 Pages (2,647 Words)

Title: Research on effect of ultrasound/SonoVue microbubble on Treg cell viability and optimized parameters for its transfection Running title: optimizing US/MB-mediates gene transfer to Treg Highlights: US promoted proliferation of Treg cells; Increasing of MB inhibited proliferation of Treg cells; Offered optimized parameters for transfection of Treg cells. Abstract-----The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasound (US) and SonoVue microbubble ...

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Developing Antimicrobial Peptides Agents

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

7 Pages (2,787 Words)

Abstract: Antibiotics have gained great success in the battle between human and infectious diseases. However, the abuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of the alarming number of resistance bacteria. Novel agents are urgently needed to treat these illnesses. Based on the the conserved sequences of antimicrobial peptides of insects (mainly Diptera) from different antimicrobial peptide databases, thirty-seven pairs of degenerate primers were designed, and ...

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Development of Wound Healing Technology

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

4 Pages (1,440 Words)

Skin is the largest organ of the human body. It comprises of two fundamental layers – the epidermis and the dermis. The surface layer is known as the epidermis and it is made up of a number of sheets of skin cells. Beneath the epidermis, the dermis layer is found which consists of elastic fibres (elastin), and protein fibres (collagen). Elastin provides the skin with suppleness, ...

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Inheritance in Chromosomes & Blood Groups

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

5 Pages (1,918 Words)

Rumana Anam Question Answers on inheritance in chromosomes & blood groups Q1 – Explain all types of inheritance highlighting the monohybrid and co dominant inheritance in particular. Inheritance is the genetic traits and characteristics that are passed on from the parent to the next generation of offspring. There are a few types of Inheritance, Dominant-Recessive, Incomplete Dominance, Co Dominant, Sex Limited, Sex Linked and ...

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Manipulation of Reproduction in Animals

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

4 Pages (1,488 Words)

Introduction Animals are an important source of high protein in food, leather and fibre which we humans have been using since ancient times. In India, milk products and milk have become an inherent part of civilization. Even in a small festival, demands of milk products and milk increases as several food items and milk based sweets are prepared. However, the milk demands could not keep pace ...

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Role of Complement Factors on NCIPH

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

4 Pages (1,497 Words)

Role of complement factors, ADAMTS13 and Von Willebrand factor in pathogenesis of non cirrhotic intrahepatic portal hypertension (NCIPH) in humans Introduction. (You need to start with background on gut-liver axis, the fact that bacterial infections in gut can induce inflammatory mediators which come to liver through mesenteric-portal vein). The complement system is a fundamental element of the innate immune system as well as the adaptive immune ...

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Effects of Vitamin B12 and Omega 3 on NGF, VEGF and HIF-1

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

7 Pages (2,788 Words)

1. Introduction Maternal micronutrient deficiencies are a cause of concern in low and middle-income countries (Salam et al., 2014) and have been shown to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (Diaz et al., 2003). Reports have also established that maternal nutrition plays a key role in fetal brain development (Oliver et al., 2007; McMillen et al., 2008). In developing countries like India, which has a large ...

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Nanotechnology & Food Quality

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

6 Pages (2,105 Words)

Sahar Traboulsi Nanotechnology is being used in food in a very wide spectrum. It is applied in food from the stage of growing it till the stage of packaging by using different machines, different systems and at a certain scale which is less than 100 nanometers as defined by the Royal Society. This subject was going under research where two Agency research projects were ...

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Can fMRIs Determine if a Defendant is Lying?

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

8 Pages (2,893 Words)

Review Paper Can the Brain Imaging Technique fMRI be used to Identify if a Defendant is Lying? S. Ludlow a Abstract Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), a rapidly developing neuroimaging technology, is frequently a focus of research to determine whether the brain images obtained from fMRI scanning can be used to reliably identify whether an individual is lying. The research provides strong evidence that ...

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Screening for Biomarkers of Aging

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

10 Pages (3,953 Words)

Identification of biomarkers for aging based on DNA microarray data Highlights: Totally, 43 time series-related lncRNAs were screened. A total of 11 clusters of 41 lncRNAs were identified. CYP51 and FDPS were mainly enriched in pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis. MFAP3 and MFAP5 were significantly enriched in pathway of elastic ï¬Âbre formation. Abstract Background: The age-related disorders including cancers, chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases become ...

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Antigens and their Phenotypes Among Blood

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

7 Pages (2,624 Words)

Seroepidemiologic evaluation of Kell ØŒ Kidd, Duffy and Lutheran systems Authors: Farzad Molahosseini Foomani Seyyede Fateme Shams Zahra Arianpour Mostafa Moghaddam Reihane Bazargani Faramarz Alipour Talesh Abstract: Background and Objectives: 30 blood group systems which include more than 302 antigens are detected. Some antigens are numerous and some are very rare. Exposure to mismatch erythrocyte antigens in transfusion, generate different Alloantibodies. It ...

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Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia Coli

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

6 Pages (2,236 Words)

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN Escherichia coli BY CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Method Results Discussion References Abstract Bacteria are singled microorganisms which have a simple structure. Majority if the bacteria contain an extrachromosomal DNA which has an autonomous replication. Plasmids are circular and double stranded DNA which contain an origin of replication, antibody resistance marker and a region where gene of interest can be cloned. ...

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Pathophysiology of the Acute Pulmonary Oedema (APO)

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

5 Pages (1,753 Words)

Introduction The aim of this paper is to reflect upon the pathophysiology of the acute pulmonary oedema (Apo) and its relation to the patient’s existing condition of chronic renal failure (CRF). The physical assessment of the patients will be discussed accordingly that underpins the presenting symptoms. CKR has four stages from mild damage to the end-stage kidney failure but none of them have been mentioned in ...

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Lethal Impact of p-Nonylphenol on Snake Head Fish

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

5 Pages (1,966 Words)

Lethal impact of p-Nonylphenol on snake head fish, Channa punctatus(Bloch, 1793) D.P. Khandale, N.A. Adbale, P.J. Khinch and A.M. Chilke Abstract: Para-Nonylphenol (NP) is an organic phenolic compound present in the domestic and most of the industrial discharge. It has extensive impact on the plants and animals. However, fish is highly responsive aquatic vertebrate as far as toxic effects of xenobioticsubstances are concerned. When the ...

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Effects of Different Respiratory Expansion Methods

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

6 Pages (2,145 Words)

INTRODUCTION A pneumothorax is defined as a collapse of lung due to air in the pleural space. A pneumothorax without secondary causes, such as trauma or surgical intervention, is classified as a spontaneous pneumothorax. Treatment options for a pneumothorax include medical follow-up, fine-needle aspiration, percutaneous catheter drainage, tube thoracostomy, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), and thoracostomy (1, 2). Pneumothoraces assessed radiologically that occupy 20% of the lung ...

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Relationship Between Adiponectin and Insulin Sensitivity

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

4 Pages (1,302 Words)

Plasma concentrations of adiponectin and insulin sensitivity change during oligofructose induced equine laminitis development. Renli Jianga b,Gangying Wanga and Xinran Lia Summary REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY: The roles and the relationship between adiponectin and insulin sensitivity during oligofructose induced equine laminitis development are incompletely understood. OBJECTIVES: To determine the temporal roles and relationship between adiponectin and insulin sensitivity during oligofructose induced laminitis development. ...

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Symptoms and Causes of Graves’ Disease

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

4 Pages (1,244 Words)

Seritia Gayles There are several different diseases and disorders that are caused by the endocrine system. Endocrine systems are made up of a gland that make and also relinquishes hormones that assist in the regulation of body functions. It also essentially helps with the body’s capacity to transition calories that create energy for the cells and also the organs. The endocrine system impacts the ...

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Micronephthys Sphaerocirrata: Nephtyidae in Sub-Tidal Areas

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

7 Pages (2,633 Words)

The First Report of Micronephthys Sphaerocirrata: Nephtyidae in Sub-Tidal Areas of Chabahar Bay Arash Shakouri*1, Esmaeil Dehani2 Abstract This study was conducted to identify Micronephthys sphaerocirrata species in sub-tidal areas of Chabahar Bay during the time period from June 2013 to February 2014. The study area is located in south-east of Iran Oman - Sistan and Baluchistan coast. The sampling was performed from Shahid Beheshti, ...

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Properties of Prunus Persica Linn

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

7 Pages (2,760 Words)

Review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Prunus persica Linn. Monika Rana *1, Deepak Kashyap2, Atul Kabra3 ABSTRACT Prunus persica Linn. Batsch (Family: Rosaceae), commonly known as Peach tree in English and Aru in Hindi, is native to Persia, China and also distributed in Australia, India and USA. Traditionally, the plant used in the treatment of constipation, laryngitis, menostasis, dermopathy and contusion. The major ...

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Effect of Positive Airway Pressure on Endothelial Function

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

7 Pages (2,532 Words)

Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on endothelial function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-regression analysis Abstract Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is related to the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold standard treatment for OSA. Previous studies assessing the effect of CPAP on endothelial function in OSA have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, our aim is to perform ...

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Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) | Report

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

4 Pages (1,460 Words)

Ali Kumail Cancer Biology (Bio 428/522) assignment on Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) FGFs play vital roles in regulating cell proliferation, migration, survival and differentiation during the development of the embryo, and apart from embryo development they are also involved in adult tissue homeostasis, and wound healing, they do this by organizing angiogenesis. Gene amplification, chromosomal translocation and mutations are few of the several ways ...

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Preclinical Screening of Trypanocidal Drugs

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

5 Pages (1,793 Words)

Evaluating the developmental toxicity of trypanocidal nitroaromatic compounds on zebrafish Grace Buchanan-Kilbey1, Joshua Djumpah1, Maria V. Papadopoulou2, Lonqin Hu3, Shane R. Wilkinson1 and Rachel Ashworth1* running title: Preclinical screening of trypanocidal drugs Abstract Current therapies against African and American trypanosomiasis are problematic and with no immediate prospect of a vaccine there is an urgent need for cheap, more effective treatments. To aid the drug discovery ...

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Analysis of VP28 Gene in White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

5 Pages (1,866 Words)

Temporal analysis of VP28 gene in White spot syndrome virus infected fresh water crabs Chiin Nei Chinga, Mansi Parihara, R. Sudhakaranb* aSchool of Bioscience and Technology, VIT University, Vellore – 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India. *bAssistant professor, SBST, VIT University, Vellore – 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India. ABSTRACT Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic plants. Disease emergence is ...

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Benefits of a Genetically Enhanced Pig

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

6 Pages (2,113 Words)

How successful would the Enviro-pig be if released into the general pig population in terms of longevity of the trait and continued benefits to the environment? And do the ethical issues stacked against the Enviro-pig validate its modified presents in the genepool? DNA is the foundation of all genetic material found in every living organism on earth. Commonly known as its full name Deoxyribonucleic acid, it ...

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Types of Muscle and Features

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

8 Pages (2,969 Words)

4. Muscle Muscle is one of the four major types of tissue in animals. It is a soft tissue primarily responsible to create movement by the transformation from chemical (ATP) to mechanical energy. It is characterized by the following functions: contractile move and gravitational stability of body matters during circulation, defecation, respiration, urination, digestion, and childbirth (Purves et al., 2004; Carpenter, 2007). There are three histological ...

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Carotenoid Enhance Immune System

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

6 Pages (2,228 Words)

There is growing evidence from in vitro and in vivo laboratory animal studies that β-carotene can protect phagocytic cells from autoxidative damage, enhance T and B lymphocyte proliferative responses, stimulate effector T cell functions and enhance macrophage, cytotoxic T cell and natural killer cell tumoricidal capacities, as well as increase the production of certain interleukins. Because of their molecular composition, specifically their highly conjugated double-bond structure ...

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Feed Additives for Swine

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

6 Pages (2,065 Words)

Feed additives are non-nutritive feed ingredients that are used in swine to improve production efficiency and performance. In the absence of feed additives in the diet, no deficiency symptoms will result. However, if feed additives are chosen carefully based on the farm needs, they may help increase the profitability of pig production. There are various types of feed additives which have different functions such as increase ...

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Regulating Salt and Water in the Body

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

4 Pages (1,599 Words)

As the human body is constantly exposed to changes in its external environment, it is important that it maintains a constant internal environment in order to survive. This process is what is referred to as homeostasis. This regulation of the body’s internal environment is essential in order to keep the systems within the body operational. As stated by World Book Online, these reactions within the body ...

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Effects of Time of Day on Speed of Recovery Heart Rate

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

13 Pages (5,062 Words)

Anita Massoudi Investigating the effects of time of day on the speed of recovery heart rate to resting levels after exercise Introduction and rationale The purpose of the following investigation is to establish whether there is any relation between the recovery of one's heart rate to resting levels after performing cardiovascular exercise, and the time of the day that such exercise is performed. Scientific ...

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High Throughput Screening of Drug Design

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

6 Pages (2,116 Words)

Jyoti Tukaram Bhakare INTRODUCTION During the ancient times drugs were discovered by studying and identifying active material from traditional remedies. Later many techniques have been developed to screen the synthetic small molecules, natural products, extract in the cell or whole organism to identify whether the specific molecule or drug shows its therapeutic effects on target, this process is known as classical pharmacology. Effect ...

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Protective Effect of Resveratrol | Study

Published Date: 22 Nov 2017

9 Pages (3,491 Words)

Chapter 3 5.3. Experiments Following Fluoride Exposure and Resveratrol Supplementation 5.3.5. Effect of resveratrol on fluoride-induced alteration of thyroid metabolic activity The changes in tissue DNA and RNA level of rat thyroid have been represented in Figure 23 and 24. Resveratrol supplementation in fluoride-intoxicated rats restored the decreased DNA content of thyroid by 15.46% (p<0.001) as compared to the treated group. Vitamin C exhibited better ...

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Candidate Genes Related to Atherosclerosis

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

9 Pages (3,560 Words)

Identification of the Candidate Genes in the Progression of Atherosclerosis by Bioinformatics Analysis Running title: Candidate genes related to atherosclerosis Highlights: A total of 670 DEGs in atherosclerotic samples were obtained. KIAA0101 may be a crucial molecule in atherosclerosis by binding with PCNA. TRAC may participate in atherosclerosis by binding with MHC antigen. PLXNC1 and HLA-DQB1 may play a key role in atherosclerosis via immune ...

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Moths as Ecological Indicators

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

7 Pages (2,467 Words)

Abstract Nothing has more substantially covered the dangerous and unpredictable nature of anthropogenic activities like climate change and which, according to predictions can cause an increase in overall temperature of the earth, change the land use pattern, bring storms and heavy rains, provide a drier climate and forcefully migrate millions of people and other organisms. However the uncertain nature of the changes ...

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Is It Possible for Zombies to Exist?

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

6 Pages (2,090 Words)

Nisha Gurung Do zombies really exist? And is mankind in danger of developing zombies? Humans are considered as an apex predator, as we have greater intelligence and adaptability compared to other living beings; making us unique. As living beings, human has the most impressive immune system compared to other animals, however we can also suffer through several illnesses no matter how serious or not ...

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Population Analysis for Diabetes Mellitus

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

4 Pages (1,387 Words)

Diabetes Mellitus According to Figure 1 the variation of the mean fasting blood glucose in males and females from the period 1980 - 2008 is shown below. Source: WHO - NCD Country Profiles, 2011 An upward trend in DM prevalence (Katulanda, et al., 2006) was reported among urban population who adopt westernized life style patterns and have higher income, compared with rural population involved in ...

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Measurement of Anti-T.gondii IgG antibody

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

10 Pages (3,994 Words)

VIDAS Method for the Measurement Anti-T.gondii IgG antibody: Principle: The assay principle a two-step enzyme immune assay sandwich methods with a final fluorescent detection (ELFA). The solid phase Receptacle (SPR) has been used as the solid phase also as pipetting device for the assay. Reagent for the assay have been ready-to-used and pre-dispensed in the sealed reagent strips. The assay steps have been performed automatically by ...

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Survival Percentage Analysis of Pistachio Cultivars

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

4 Pages (1,361 Words)

Comparison of survival percentage of three varieties of pistachio under drought and salinity stress showed there is a significant different among pistachio varieties tolerance to drought and salinity condition. In drought stress, Sarakhs and Akbari showed the highest and lowest tolerance respectively (Figure1 A), while the results of salinity stress On the contrary and demonstrate that Akbari and Sarakhs showed the lowest and highest tolerance, respectively ...

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Genome Sequence of P. Acnes ED1 Strain

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

4 Pages (1,285 Words)

Abstract Propionibacterium acnes is a Gram-positive bacterium that forms part of the normal human microbiota. P. acnes is pervasive on human skin and under specific conditions can be an opportunistic pathogen. The draft genome sequence of P. acnes ED1 strain, which was isolated from a hip implant, was examined in order to investigate the genomic biology of these pathogens. Various methods were used in order to ...

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Computational Models of Tooth Morphogenesis

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

5 Pages (1,798 Words)

Tooth development constitutes a particularly interesting model for studying such epithelio-mesenchymal interactions (38, 39) and is an excellent subject for evolutionary studies (40) (9-11). The different induction stages that precede the morphogenesis and differentiation of the teeth result from reciprocal interactions among stomodeal epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells derived from neural crests (ectomesenchyme) (12,13). The identification of numerous growth differentiation factors (14-17), transcription factors (18-21) and ...

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DEGs in Ovarian Cancer with IRF1 Silencing

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

11 Pages (4,204 Words)

Bioinformatic analysis of the role of IRF-1 in ovarian cancer Running title: DEGs in ovarian cancer with IRF1 silencing High lights - We use microarray data to analyze DEGs of ovarian cancer with IRF1silencing. - Total 242 up-regulated genes and 185 down-regulated genes were screened. - Significant biology process and pathways involved in the progression are analyzed. - Construct the PPI network and sub-network for hub ...

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Meat Product Quality from Different Sheep Breeds

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

5 Pages (1,737 Words)

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MEAT PRODUCT QUALITY FROM TWO DIFFERENT SHEEP BREEDS INTRODUCTION In developed countries the per capita consumption of meat protein is much higher compared with developing countries. The production and consumption in India is also on the increasing trend. The domestic meat demand is also increasing with the increase in awareness and dispensable income. Meat consumption is often an indicator of the status of ...

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Differentiated and Undifferentiated States

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

9 Pages (3,231 Words)

3-3- Characteristic differences between differentiated and undifferentiated states Control of many processes related to the cell fate is provided by some extrinsic and intrinsic factors that posses different appearances in different states of the cell; whether differentiated or undifferentiated. Besides, it seems that there are some close correlations between these factors which are discussed in the following. In Fig. 8. a schematic of some differencese between ...

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Protein–protein Interface Hot Spots

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

3 Pages (1,114 Words)

Chapter 2: Literature Review1 Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Protein-protein interactions Proteins corporate with other proteins to perform biological function. They physically interact with their partners through their interfaces with weak and non-covalent bonds. Understanding how proteins interact is crucial to predict unknown protein-protein interaction (PPI) and can help drug discovery. Thus, to discriminate the interface region from the rest of the surface, myriad of studies ...

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Role of Il-13 in Asthma

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

5 Pages (1,772 Words)

Introduction Asthma is an inflammatory response triggered by endogenous or exogenous antigens. Asthma is associated with increased mucous production and bronchial epithelium changes which ultimately leads to an obstruction of the airways (Schuijs, Willart, Hammad, & Lambrecht, 2013, p. 351) . The inflammatory response is elicited by T helper cells, specifically T-helper 2 cells (TH2), which releases interleukins (IL)-4, 5, and 13 and these play a ...

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Research on Seed Germination of Orchid

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

11 Pages (4,205 Words)

There are a lot of orchid species being listed as endangered species due to over-collection and lack of conservation. The survival rate of orchid in the nature is relatively low. This research is aimed to investigate the effect of organic additives on in vitro seed germination of Vanda hastfera, an endemic species of orchid to Borneo. By the end of this investigation, we expect to determine ...

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Genes Encoding HLA Antigens

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

6 Pages (2,020 Words)

The genes encoding HLA antigens are clustered on chromosome 6p21 at the telomeric end of the HLA region. Relatively few HLA class I genes are transcribed or translated.The expressed class I genes are subdivided into class Ia, which includesHLA-A, -B,and -C, and class Ib, which includes HLA-E, -F, and -G. As a non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I molecule, HLA-G is expressed predominantly and restrictedly in ...

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Approaches for CRM Prediction and CRM Validation

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

12 Pages (4,598 Words)

Since CRM is underlying the regulation of gene expression in tissue-specific manner, understanding the characteristics of CRMs is helpful to determine the potential CRM candidates for further applications such as tissue-specific gene therapy. As previously discussed the influential parameters to CRM activity include the types and arrangement of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) and epigenetic modification pattern[121, 124]. Therefore, these factors are taken into account for ...

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Adaptations of Arctic Mammals

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

5 Pages (1,780 Words)

The morphological, physiological, and behavioural adaptations of species of arctic mammals. The Arctic is found in the northern hemisphere surrounding the north pole of the earth, due to its positioning on the earth it experiences extreme light and temperature conditions throughout the year. The temperature can get as low as -50°C and yearly there is a 67 day long period of darkness and a 84 day ...

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Overview of Marine Invertebrates

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

4 Pages (1,447 Words)

Aretha Rae Boezak Fishing with no backbone Aretha Rae Boezak Most South African fisherman depends on marine invertebrates to lure fish in order to catch them. These baits are sometimes also used commercially. Some species of invertebrates tend to be quite popular baits, whereas others wouldn’t even be considered. The use of these ...

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Bad Odor and Bio-filtration Solutions

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

4 Pages (1,325 Words)

Mikhail Kachmazov UQ: How have microbes solved a local or global problem? The specific problem or issue: Sewage and industrial plants situated near residential areas can produce unpleasant odors making it difficult to live there. Explain the problem: The sewage plants near residential areas can be a subject to the social and environmental problems if these facilities produce unpleasant odors. The causes of the ...

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Concept of Cancer Stem Cells

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

4 Pages (1,529 Words)

THE CONCEPT OF CANCER STEM CELLS Tumours are made up of a heterogeneous population of cells which are distinct in terms of their differentiation competencies, proliferative capabilities as well as functional properties. [A] The mechanisms responsible for such heterogeneity are the subject of research, and two models have been put forth in order to explain the phenomenon – Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and clonal evolution. [A] ...

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Overview of Wheat Gluten Proteins

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

6 Pages (2,137 Words)

Summary Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops and its end-products like breads, noodles, pasta and other baked products are consumed globally and have become staple diet. The viscoelastic properties of wheat dough are primarily dependent upon the interaction of gluten proteins. Gluten proteins consist of gliadins, which provide viscous property to wheat dough, and glutenins, which contribute towards elasticity of the dough (Ciaffi ...

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Genetic Variations of Inheritance

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

10 Pages (3,634 Words)

Star Daganskaia-Knighton Genetics TAQ1: What are genes and chromosomes and what do they do? A gene is a unit of DNA needed to make a protein, they range between hundreds and millions of base pairs. These pairs control development and switch on and off depending on environmental factors, an example is a gene switching on when an immune cell meets a bacterium to produce antibodies to ...

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Disorders of the Respiratory System

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

7 Pages (2,461 Words)

Neusha Bakhtiari Aghmasjed Asthma Asthma is an allergic response which affects the bronchial tubes and can result in coughing, wheezing or breathlessness. It leads to the inflammation of airways, causing them to tighten, resulting in difficulty of breathing. Asthma is not classified as an infectious disease and it is rather an allergic condition which cause is not fully understood. It is ...

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Biodegradation of HCB

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

15 Pages (5,906 Words)

1-2-1- Degradation of HCB under anaerobic condition: In the past decade, the usage of HCB prohibited in many country but HCB has been found as hazardous pollutants in many places worldwide. Biodegradation of HCB is possible in environmental under anaerobic conditions such as sodium, groundwater and soil but the progress is very slowly (Beurskens and others, 1992; Chang and others, 1997). Some reports documented about biodegradation ...

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A Review of Recessive Genetic Diseases in Cattle

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

6 Pages (2,026 Words)

Huan Yu Introduction Cattle are susceptible to a wide range of genetic diseases. The majority of inherited genetic diseases recognized in cattle are autosomal recessive, mainly due to the practice of “line-breeding”. The defective calf receives error gene inherited from both its sire and dam. However, if the inherited mutant gene comes from only one parent, such individual usually turns out to be a carrier of ...

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Effect of Feed on the Mineral Composition of Labeo Rohita

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

10 Pages (3,769 Words)

Khalid Javed Iqbal*1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Arshad Javid2, Farzana Abbas1, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman1, Fayyaz Rasool1, Noor Khan1 , Sumaira Abbas1 and Muhammad Altaf 2 ABSTRACT Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of plant-fishmeal feed and/or plant by-product based feed on minerals composition of Labeo rohita. Fish fed on rice polish alone served as control (T0). Feed ingredients were grouped together with two ingredients in each test ...

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The Study of Proteome

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

5 Pages (1,677 Words)

The breakthrough in the study of genomics has created a great impact for biological research. For instance, the complete genome sequencing accomplished for various model organisms such as bacteria, yeast and drosophila has been a key to understanding the diversity and functions in living system (Liebler, 2002). However, the gene products, proteins are playing crucial complex functions in sustaining the living system. Therefore, in order to ...

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Identification of Didanosine | Results

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

5 Pages (1,903 Words)

CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION ON RESULTS 5.1 DISCUSSION The procured sample of didanosine was tested for its identification. The drug sample showed compliance with the data given in B.P. and Clarkes which reflects its quality and purity. Quality and purity of sample was also confirmed by the manufacturer. The lipids such as soyalecithin and cholesterol and all other excipients provided by the supplier confirmed by their identification ...

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Maintenance of Leptospiral Cultures

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

13 Pages (5,194 Words)

4 RESULTS The Leptospira serovars maintained in the Department of Veterinary Microbiology were used in the present study. For maintenance, EMJH medium (Difco) with albumin supplement was employed and subcultured at seven day intervals and incubation was carried out at 28-300C. In addition, the stock cultures were maintained in semi-solid medium with subculturing at one month interval. 4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF LEPTOSPIRES Under dark field microscope, the ...

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Effect of Parasite Diversity and Age on Antibody Responses

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

5 Pages (1,746 Words)

CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION, CONCLUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS This study was aimed at investigating the effect of parasite diversity and age on the levels of antibody responses to P. falciparum in individuals living in an area of seasonal malaria transmission. Two blood stage antigens (MSP1(19), AMA1) and two liver stage antigens (CSP and celTOS), making a total of four antigens were selected to be used for the study. ...

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Histological Study of Hepatoprotective Effect of Pomegranate

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

7 Pages (2,525 Words)

ORIGINAL ARTICLE A HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF POMEGRANATE, IN MINOCYCLINE TREATED GUINEA PIGS Dr. M. Nadeem Siddiqui Dr. Sarwath Fatimee Dr. Hemant Kumar Dr. Bashir A. Sheikh ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the hepatoprotective effects of pomegranate on drug induced autoimmune hepatitis produced by minocycline. Material and Method: This experimental study was conducted in the department of anatomy, basic medical sciences ...

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Sewage Treatment Plant Power Generation

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

5 Pages (1,636 Words)

Answer1: Sewage treatment plants could be a power house of the future. Sewage contains a number of diverse chemical compounds which can be with the help of microbes converted to useful commodities. The proposed sewage plant is as under. The waste water sludge of the plant is where a microbiologist is interested in to utilize the components of the sludge and modify them microbiologically. For ...

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Proteins in Oral Ecosystem Maintenance

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

8 Pages (2,904 Words)

1-4-1 Amylases: Salivary α-amylase is the first enzyme in the gastrointestinal tract for extracting caloric value from food. However, beyond the primary role of α-amylase to begin digestion of sugars, carbohydrates and complex starches,. salivary α-amylase is known be a important marker of stress. It has also been found that salivary α-amylase may be influenced by psychological and behavioral factors and processes (Kivlighan, 2006). Human salivary ...

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Historical Changes to Illnesses and Infections

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

6 Pages (2,043 Words)

Chapter I Introduction General introduction Every individual or human being desires to live a healthy and respectful life. There is an age old saying “health is wealth.” Every country desires that its subjects remain healthy to keep itself prosperous and progressive. In spite of the best efforts to achieve this goal, human suffering has become synonymous with the rapid advancements made in technology. It has taken ...

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Properties of Urena lobata Linn (Caesar Weed)

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

5 Pages (1,713 Words)

PLANT PROFILE Urena lobata Linn. Botanical Name : Urena lobata Linn. Common Name :Caesar weed Parts Used :Leaves, Stem, Root and Whole plant Fig 1. Urena lobata Linn Taxonomical Classification Kingdom: Plantae Unranked: Angiosperms Unranked: Rosids Order: Malvales Family: Malvaceae Subfamily:Malvoideae Tribe: Hibisceae Genus: Urena Species: U. lobata Synonyms :U. americana U. grandiflora, ,U. trilobataVell., Urena diversifolia Vernacular names Vernacular names are ...

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Properties of Plants in the Forest

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

4 Pages (1,450 Words)

2.7 Spectral properties of plants in the forest: (1st ch) Interaction of radiation with plant leaves is extremely complex. General features of this interaction have been studied but many spectral features are yet unexplained. Gates et al., (1965) are considered pioneers, who have studied spectral characteristics of leaf reflection, transmission and absorption. Optical properties of plants have been further studied to understand the mechanisms involved by Gausman ...

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Antimicrobial Efficacy of Herbs in Endodontics

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

7 Pages (2,442 Words)

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF HERBS IN ENDODONTICS ShinyMounica Penumudi1, Mandava Ramesh Babu2, D. Disha Saraswathi3, V. Shanthi4, Swetha B5, Bhavana Gandhi6 Abstract The major objective in root canal treatment is to disinfect the entire root canal system. Although cleaning and shaping and use of antimicrobial medicaments are effective in reducing the bacterial load some bacteria do remain behind and multiply, causing reinfection of the canal. Considering ...

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Identification of Epitope in EAV N Protein

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

6 Pages (2,365 Words)

Identification of a novel conserved B cell epitope in the N protein of EAV (Bucyrus strain) Running title: Identification of epitope in EAV N protein. Highlights 1. One EAV N-specific mAb 1C11 was developed. 2. A minimal linear peptide epitope within the N protein was identified. 3. The identified epitope was conserved among different regional EAV strains. 4. The mAb and identified epitope may be useful ...

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Processes of Polyadenylation

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

8 Pages (2,876 Words)

DNA once transcribed into mRNA it is transported to the cytoplasm. All mRNA’s including specific unspliced mRNA precursors contain the poly A tail with histon mRNA as an exception. But once they are transported to the cytoplasm there exist a poly (A) tail shift that is brought about by the degradation by RNases and rebuilding by cytoplasmic poly (A) polymerase. Discovery: James Darnell and his coworkers ...

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Properties of Dental Plaque Biofilm

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

8 Pages (2,852 Words)

The dental plaque is a complex, metabolically interconnected, highly organized microbial ecosystem. Dental plaque has an open structure due to the presence of channels and voids. It provides Protection from host defenses, desiccation etc. by production of extracellular polymers to form a functional matrix.1 Dental plaque is a microbial biofilm. Biofilms are defined as “matrix–enclosed bacterial population’s adherent to each other and/or to surface or interfaces”.2Biofilms ...

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Acute Myocardial Infarction and Periodontal Diseases

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

13 Pages (4,970 Words)

Research Findings The study examined the association between acute myocardial infarction and periodontal diseases using cross sectional design. The analysis was carried out using the SPSS/PC Windows version 21.0 software package (IBM, Inc.). The sample size taken for the study was 80 (Cases=40, Control=40). The bivariate association between the studied variables, acute MI and periodontitis (dichotomized) was analyzed with the appropriate test. A significance level of ...

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Physical Impacts of Alcohol Abuse

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

3 Pages (1,184 Words)

Alcohol use and abuse can affect the liver, central nervous system and the kidneys. The result of the constant use of alcohol can be noted and examined in patients using numerous methods. These methods utilize the body’s reaction towards alcohol using biochemical markers like γ-glutamyl tranferase (GGT), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Although biochemical markers can easily tell the clinician about the ...

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Health and Safety Report of Laboratory

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

5 Pages (1,911 Words)

Health is a state of complete physical and social and mental well-being which include the absence of disease or infirmity whereas safety is relates to the absence of physical or psychological injury or harm and often extends to the absence of damage to property. The difference between health and safety is that health is long-term issues and safety is relates to issues with immediate effect. For ...

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Policies for Genetically Modified Foods (GMF)

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

4 Pages (1,541 Words)

Peter De Grassi 1. Background Genetically Modified Foods, or GMF, are a new and useful item for our world. They are labeled as a manipulation to a crops genetic make-up to change or enhance its characteristics. In the 1980's, a discovery was made to change ones DNA and this was called GMP or the genetic modification process. In 1983, the first plant, a tobacco plant, ...

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Climate Change in Holocene period

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

6 Pages (2,360 Words)

Wai Kai Choi Executive Summary This assignment is about is the climate change in Holocene period the most important cause of the development of agriculture and I will discuss others area as well like people and plants. The three areas I have chosen to discuss is East Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and America. Agricultureis the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi, and other life forms for ...

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Fragile X Syndrome - Symptoms and Investigation

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

3 Pages (1,193 Words)

Title Complications and investigations of Fragile X syndrome Introduction :- Fragile X syndrome is considered the most common heritable form of mental retardation ,it affects approximately 1 in 4000 males and 1 in 8000 female it is an X linked disease caused by mutation in the” FMR1 gene “This mutation in dynamic it varies in length and so in severity from generation to generation The syndrome ...

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Ethical Issues in Randomized Control Trial

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

4 Pages (1,583 Words)

PROBLEM 1 •A research team is conducting a Randomized Control Trial of a new drug to treat the common symptom of the Ebola virus (fever) over the past six (6) months. The experimental group consisted of female Ebola patients aged between 30 and 50 years to whom the new drug was administered. The control group consisted of male Ebola patients aged between 70 and 80 years. To ...

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Glycerol Yield of Candida Magnoliae

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

7 Pages (2,434 Words)

Abstract Candida magnoliae, isolated from honey comb and Candida glycerinogenes, isolated from natural environment were compared for their potential to produce glycerol from glucose. The highest yield of glycerol was 55% for C. magnoliae and 64.5% for C. glycerinogenes. C. glycerinogenes yields 9% of higher concentration of glycerol than C. magnoliae. For C. magnoliae the optimum conditions were a temperature of 30 oC and a pH ...

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Data Mining Techniques in DNA Microarray Data

Published Date: 21 Nov 2017

7 Pages (2,633 Words)

Nur Muyassarah Mohd Azmin Abstract In this paper, we will find out the relation between data mining techniques that is used in DNA microarray data. With this, we’ll know how the data mining will helps in finding the results for bioinformaticians in using the DNA Microarray Data. A framework may be a gradable directory that encapsulates shared resources, like a dynamic shared library, ...

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Annotated Bibliography on Tacrine

Published Date: 20 Nov 2017

4 Pages (1,332 Words)

Sathyan G et aL(1995) studied the effect of solvents such as water, propylene glycol and ethanol and their mixtures for transdermal drug delivery on in vitro permeation of tacrine through rat and human skin. Largest flux and permeability were observed from ethanol-propylene glycol and water-ethanol binary mixtures, respectively. Excellent correlation between the rat and human skin data was observed. The formulations were found to be devoid ...

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Factors in Biochemical Toxicology

Published Date: 20 Nov 2017

5 Pages (1,733 Words)

Tambudzai Phiri Ndashe Maha Farid Lung Toxicity Question Question 7 (10 points) Answer BOTH Part A and Part B In the lecture we discussed several responses of the lung to acute injuries. List these responses and discuss one of these responses providing an example of a toxin or a chemical that induces such response in the lung. (5 points) The lung is ...

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The Genetic Of Hybrid Incompatibility

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

1 Pages (1 Words)

Research on the genetic basis of evolution of reproductive barrier has been great interest for understanding the process of speciation. There are two major type of reproductive isolation(RI) preventing gene flow between species including pre-zygotic RI and post-zygotic RI. For pre-zygotic RI, it restrict the potential of copulation or mating between different species which examples ...

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Dna Methylation In Lung Cancer

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

8 Pages (8 Words)

Abstract Objective We aim to explore the DNA methylation difference between lung cancer samples and non-cancer lung samples, and to investigate the role of DNA methylation in the mechanism of lung cancer development. Besides, we analyzed the transcriptional regulation network of DNA methylation and the miRNAs regulated by DNA methylation. This study provides a framework ...

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Physiologic Effects Of Mineralocorticoids Pineal Gland

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

8 Pages (8 Words)

Released: Melatonin Function: Regulates the bodyâ€™s internal clock responding to light and dark as well as sleep/wake rhythms. Melatonin can also have an inhibitory effect on the sexual glands by decreasing simulation of these organs by the brain D) Thyroid Released: Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) Function: Regulates growth and development. They also help maintain ...

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Hurricanes And Thunderstorms Hazards To Aviation

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

7 Pages (7 Words)

Aviation meteorology PEME1120 Hurricanes and thunderstorms â€“ hazards to aviation. Anatolij Oniscenko 200670783 5/4/2012 Aviation meteorology. Hurricanes and thunderstormsâ€“ hazards to aviation. Anatolij Oniscenko.20067083 Introduction. To begin with thunderstorms are the crucial elements of the hurricanes . That is why it is really important to analyse the formation about them before describing hurricanes. "Thunderstorms ...

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The Experimental Operating Conditions

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

1 Pages (1 Words)

Hong Nie,â€ Hao Jiang,â€ Daowen Chong,â€ Quangui Wu,â€¡ Chunming Xu,â€ Hongjun Zhou*,â€ â€ New Energy Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, China 102249 â€¡Unconventional Oil and Gas Technology Corporation Limited, Beijing, China 102200 KEYWORDS Biogas upgrading, water scrubbing, propylene carbonate, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide ABSTRACT Biogas upgrading ...

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The Corresponding Pathogen Avirulence Gene

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

3 Pages (3 Words)

HR involves the production of ROS, changes in ion fluxes, protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation and gene activation. Studies with kinase inhibitors have indicated a role for protein kinases in HR (Zhang et al., 2000). Several R proteins and PAMP receptors are protein kinases and are thus potential targets of the kinase inhibitors (GÃ³mez-GÃ³mez & Boller, ...

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Development Of Ige Mediated Hypersensitivity

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

1 Pages (1 Words)

I.1. IgE-mediated hypersensitivity I.1.a. Development of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity I.1.b. Pathogenesis of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions I.2. Treatment â€“ Disease elucidating mechanism I.2.a. Allergen specific Immunotherapy (SIT) I.2.b. Other immunomodulatory approaches for allergen immunotherapy I.3. Determination of blocking capacity of SIT-induced IgG antibodies I.3.a. IgE-facilitated allergen binding (FAB) assay I.3.b. Basophil activation test (BAT) assay I.3.c. Serum facilitated ...

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Titanium Is A Currently Used Biomaterial

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

1 Pages (1 Words)

1. Introduction Titanium is a currently used biomaterial for oral implantology and orthopedics due to its outstanding physico-chemical propreties and inertia in biological environments [1]. It has an extreme low toxicity and is well tolerated by both bone and soft tissue. The most widely accepted and successful is the osseointegrated implant, based on the ...

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Analysis Of Experimental Results

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

5 Pages (5 Words)

Chapter 4 Researchers emphasized the Taguchi method in their work because it can help researchers to identify the main factor in injection moulding process from trials of experiment. In this chapter will show the statistical analysis that has been done using application of Taguchi method in replication process for the main effects and the interaction ...

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The Property Of Atlas Magnet System

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

3 Pages (3 Words)

In lepton+jet channels, the electron+jets and muon+jet channel are both 15% of the total ttbar decay class. While in di-lepton channel, the fraction of electron+electron, muon+muon, and electron+muon are 1%, 1% and 2%, respectively. Beside the top decay to W boson and bottom quark, it can also decays to W boson and charm quark(0.1%) or ...

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Inhibition Of Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

1 Pages (1 Words)

INTRODUCTION Cefadroxil are wide spectrum antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of infections [1]. This medicated combination operates by inhibiting the reproduction of the bacteria and the production of its cell walls together (Fig.1). Recently, European Pharmacopoeia has used the term â€˜â€˜Orodispersible tabletâ€™â€™ for tablets that dissolves readily and within 3 min in mouth ...

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Important Cytosolic Adaptors In Inside Out Signalling

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

1 Pages (1 Words)

The cytosolic adaptor proteins SLP-76 and Gads, initially isolated from T-cell lysates as Grb2-associated molecules, are predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells, particularly T-cells, in addition to monocytes/macrophages, NK cells, mast cells and platelets. Following TCR engagement, SLP-76 becomes tyrosine phosphorylated by ZAP-70 (Bubeck Wardenburg et al., 1996) and thus generates binding sites for the SH2 ...

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Transcription Factors And Transcription Factors Binding Sites

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

1 Pages (1 Words)

* Introduction * Transcription Factors and Transcription Factors Binding Sites (TF and TFBS) * Types Of Motif Finding Algorithms * Word Based Approach (or Exhaustive Enumeration) * Probabilistic Approach * Additional Algorithms and Methods * Leading programs for motif discovery - MEME - Motiflab - MotifSampler - Weeder - AlignAce - NestedMICA * Programs Challenges ...

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