Effect of Exercise on Depression: Literature Review

18 Apr 2018

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Depression is a disorder which will affect mood, thought and behaviour. Although the majority of the population will at some point in their lives experience low points and the ‘blues,’ depression itself is when these feelings begin to take over and affect the degree to which someone can function (Artal & Sherman, 1998). The symptoms of depression can include a persistent sadness and feelings of emptiness, ...

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Psychological Theories of Death and Dying

18 Apr 2018

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A Critical Literature Review on Death and Dying. Great distress is suffered at the time of death; however, feelings are quickly withdrawn, and the feelings of numbness and disbelief follow for some time. Many phases of grieving have been documented by researchers. There are passing episodes of separation distress as the bereaved person continues in normal functions routine tasks. Many theories have been put forward to ...

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Mind Map: Counselling Theories and Remote Mentoring

18 Apr 2018

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A mind-map design rationale According to Tony Buzzan[1], the goal of a Mind Map is to format information in a two dimensional fashion, in an easily retrievable format that is easy to review, allowing for easy association. The Mind Map is a method of reviewing great quantities of information “at a glance[2]”.Mind Maps are used as alternative methods of organising information in a manner that obviate ...

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Is Psychology a Science? Theories and Research Methods

18 Apr 2018

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Is psychology a science? Discuss with reference to scientific method and bias in psychological research. Psychology can be viewed in a variety of ways as accords to the many schools of thought that pertain to psychology. From its origins in philosophy, psychology has undergone a variety of classifications. The major scientific paradigms born from philosophical enquiry were the school of empiricism and the school of rationality. ...

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Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD): Theories and Treatment

17 Apr 2018

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Introduction Modern cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) grew out of the merging of behavioural therapy, developed in the 1950s to 1970s, and cognitive therapy developed in the 1960s (Graham, 2004). Broadly, it attempts to deal directly with a client's manifest symptoms through both cognitive and behaviour strategies. Cognitive theories target particular irrational beliefs which are thought to be the source of behavioural and emotional problems. Historically, CBT is ...

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Effects of Homework in Therapy Sessions

17 Apr 2018

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Activities given to clients to complete in between therapeutic sessions have become a commonly used component of psychological therapies, especially cognitive approaches (Beck et al., 1979). What is sometimes called 'homework' has been used to help address a wide variety of clinical problems including depressive disorders, schizophrenia and social phobia. This essay critically examines the empirical studies on homework and its influence on treatment outcomes. The ...

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Comparison of Electroconvulsive Therapy and Antidepressants

17 Apr 2018

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Brief 101151 INTRODUCTION Depression is one of the more common forms of mental illness. It has been estimated that approximately 9.5% of the population will suffer with depression at any one time (Robins and Regier 1990) and that 17% of people will suffer with depression at some point in their life (Blazer et al 1994). Defining depression is not a straight forward task. This ...

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Effects of Traumatic Experience on Child Behaviour

17 Apr 2018

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How can a traumatic experience influence children's behaviour? A literature review Introduction The issues surrounding children's behaviour after a traumatic experience are complex, multifactorial and often hugely controversial. Having considered the literature on the subject, one could be forgiven for believing that there are as many opinions on the issues as there are people considering the issues. In this review we have attempted to cover as ...

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Stages of Developing a Psychiatric Treatment Care Plan

17 Apr 2018

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A patient had been admitted to an A & E unit after committing ‘deliberate self-harm’. He had attempted to commit suicide by overdosing on some headache tablets. When that hadn’t worked he slashed himself in several places using a kitchen knife. He arrived at the A & E unit in an extremely distressed state. Why the psychologist was called in Although the patient clearly had very ...

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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: Theory and Applications

17 Apr 2018

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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Assessment   Introduction Definition of Cognitive behavioural Therapy The term Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) covers a number of techniques of spoken interactive therapy which are considered useful in helping people solve life problems such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and various addictive problems. (Beck A T 2005) Basic theoretical principles Cognitive behavioural therapy has arisen as a hybrid therapy combining the ...

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Psychological Interventions in Patients with Cancer

17 Apr 2018

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Introduction Patients with cancer may experience comorbid conditions such as anxiety and depression, and symptoms including fatigue, nausea and vomiting. Anxiety and depression are both very common and it has been estimated that 16–25% of newly diagnosed cancer patients experience either depression or depressed mood (DSM-IV criteria) (Sellick 1999). Studies in women with breast cancer have shown that up to 30% develop psychological morbidity (either anxiety ...

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Research on Mental States of Non-Human Animals

17 Apr 2018

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To what extent does research support the claim that non-human animals, particular chimpanzees, have human-like understanding of mental states? In the last three decades, cognitive approaches to the study of animal behaviour have attracted increasing research attention. Much of this interest has concentrated on social cognition and whether animals understand the mental states of others in the same way humans do. In an attempt to address ...

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Nature or Nurture: Case for an Integrated Life-Span Approach

17 Apr 2018

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There has been a debate raging, sometimes quietly, sometimes not, in regards to why individuals are the way they are. Most now realize that there is a tremendous interaction between the expression of the genes that we are given and the environment that forms the context for growth and development. Consider identical twins, separated at birth, that grow up with no contact yet are remarkably similar ...

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Characteristics and Gambling Habits of Bingo Players

17 Apr 2018

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An Investigation into the Characteristics and Gambling Habits of Bingo Players in the UK Introduction Bingo is a popular pastime in the UK, and has grown as an industry over recent years, moving away from local community centres to dedicated bingo halls and numerous online sites. As with all industries, to ensure that there is a continual renewal of customers, those in the bingo industry must ...

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Factors Influencing Accuracy of Interpersonal Perception

17 Apr 2018

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What factors influence the accuracy of interpersonal perception and the judgments we make about other people? Within the social environment, interpersonal perception is used frequently to make judgments about other people. The accuracy of these can have considerable bearing in a business context, affecting, for example, whether a colleague is considered trustworthy or an individual motivated enough to warrant managerial training. These are clearly important decisions which ...

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Role of Clinical Psychologists in 'Valuing People'

17 Apr 2018

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What role should clinical psychologists play in implementing the recommendation of “Valuing People”? Clinical psychologists, in general, work in various settings diagnosing, through assessment and treating mental health disorders. In 2001 the ‘Valuing people’ project started as a governmental initiative and strategy with certain performance indicators in order to address the needs of people with learning disabilities by improving the quality of their lives and that ...

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Effects of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy | Literature Review

17 Apr 2018

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What are some of the factors associated with mother's inflicting consistent harm on their children? Munchausen by proxy. A review of the literature. Introduction The literature on Mynchausen's syndrome by proxy is considerable and growing at a rapid rate. Many professionals are sure that the condition exists and there appears to be an equally certain number in the non-professional sector who argue vociferously that such professionals ...

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Theories of Therapeutic Alliance

17 Apr 2018

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QUOTE:- "The therapeutic alliance is a key concept and "quintessential variable" whose importance is commonly accepted. It is seen as a multi-dimensional concept, emerging trends indicate four dimensions, namely: the patient's affective relationship to the therapist; the patient's capacity to purposefully work in therapy; the therapist's empathic understanding and involvement; the client/therapist agreement on the goals and tasks of treatment." B. JUST 1997   Essay The ...

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Influences of Biological Factors on Individual Personality

17 Apr 2018

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Examine to what extend biological factors account for an individuals’ personality? The term ‘personality’ is used in general conversation in many ways. When psychologists discuss personality they are concerned primarily with individual differences – the characteristics that distinguish one individual from another. This essay discusses personality in terms of the biological approaches that view characteristics as traits and considers the roles of genetics and environmental influences ...

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Qualitative Study Review: Triggers for Self Abuse

17 Apr 2018

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Title: executive summaries of specified papers Triggers for self abuse; A qualitative study, Mary T Weber, Archives of psychiatric nursing, Volume 16, Issue 3, June 2002, Pages 118-124. This paper is essentially a qualitative study of a small cohort of 9 self abusing women. It was constructed using an analysis of a total of 42 semistructured interviews and attempting to draw out common themes. It has ...

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Role of Cognitive Therapy in Reducing Human Error

17 Apr 2018

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Table of Contents (Jump to) Introduction Cognitive Therapy and Human Error Automatic Subsystem Attentional Subsystem Conclusion Bibliography   Q: As a Cognitive psychologist, how could you help reduce human error either at work, on the roads, or at home? Word Count: 1819 ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­_____________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction Human error is evident is all areas of human involvement, and may differ vastly in terms of the seriousness of the ...

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Category Specific Impairments in Recognition and Naming

17 Apr 2018

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Category specific impairments in recognition and naming: fact or not? ---------------------------- Question: What’s black and white and looks like a horse? Answer: Hmmmmm………..a black and white horse? Question: What do you call a guy who can’t tell the difference between an apple and a barn? Answer: Uhhhh.… what’s the name for a thing with two legs, two arms and a head and, well, they look familiar… ...

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Jung's Theory of Psychological Types

17 Apr 2018

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Explain C.G. Jung's theory of psychological types as a developmental model As Anthony Stevens (1990) details, Jung’s theory of psychological types has many precedents in psychology and the philosophy of mind; it can be seen to be connected to such notions as Hippocrates’ concept of the four temperaments, its medicalisation in Galen’s four humours, the ancient Egyptian systems of astrology and the Chinese binaries of Yin ...

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Gender Differences in Mental Illness Experiences

17 Apr 2018

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Title: In what ways does gender shape the experience of mental illness? Introduction Women and mental health is a vast topic and we do not presume to cover all aspects of it within the confines of this essay. We will, however, explore a number of relevant themes in some detail by particular reference to peer reviewed literature on the subject. In doing so, we recognise the ...

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Overview of Steven Pinker's Theories

17 Apr 2018

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Introduction and brief biography Steven Pinker is a well-known psychologist who writes, researches and lectures on language and cognition. As well as being an experienced and widely published researcher in the academic field he is also well known to non-scientists for his easily accessible popular science books covering evolutionary psychology and language development. He is arguably responsible for bringing the complex field of cognitive psychology to ...

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Preventing Deliberate Self Harm in Prison: Review of Methods

17 Apr 2018

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Systematic review of the efficacy of methods of preventing deliberate self harm in prison In delving into an examination of a ‘Systematic review of the efficacy of methods of preventing deliberate self-harm’ it is important to understand that the scope of the examination takes in a broad range of considerations, views and methodologies that are aligned with the main subject matter. Thus, having a clear understanding of ...

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Psychosynthesis Approach: Object Relations Theory Overview

17 Apr 2018

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The therapeutic model of psychosynthesis grew out of the psychodynamic movement and is based on work done by Robert Assagioli (1888-1974). Psychosynthesis takes an optimistic view of the human condition, theorising that a person progresses naturally towards a state of synthesis. For Assagioli, synthesis refers to the idea that people become interdependent and create higher levels of organisation within themselves and others (Assagioli, 1975). This essay ...

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Effects of Agenda for Change on Psychologists

17 Apr 2018

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What is Agenda for Change? What are the likely implications of Agenda for Change for clinical psychologists and other healthcare staff working in the UK? Agenda for Change, implemented in December 2004, is a comprehensive pay reform package for 1.2 million NHS staff. It has brought about improved correlation between career and pay, proving to be the biggest overhaul in this area for 50 years. As part of ...

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Electroconvulsive Therapy for Severe Depression: Evaluation

17 Apr 2018

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Can electroconvulsive therapy make a meaningful contribution in the treatment of Severe depressive illness? The work of mental health nurses. Contents Abstract Introduction Methodology of the review Critical Review of the literature The place of electroconvulsive therapy in the therapeutic armamentarium The place of electroconvulsive therapy in relapse prevention Mechanism of action Preference of site of stimulation Side effects of treatment Discussion Conclusions Appendix References Abstract ...

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Evaluation of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Experience

17 Apr 2018

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Critically analyse and evaluate your experience of using a cognitive behavioural approach to work on a project of a personal challenge or change, integrating commentary on theory, research and practice. Introduction This work discusses in an analytical and evaluative way my experience of the use of a cognitive behavioural approach towards addressing the personal challenge of being extremely anxious when using personal computers. Firstly, a project ...

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Measuring Public Attitudes to Reality TV | Methodology

17 Apr 2018

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1. Outline the considerations you would make in deciding between using the Thurstone, Likert or Osgood method. Highlight the particular context and conclude with a clear decision about which of the three methods you would chose. The three social research methods of attitudinal measurement are appropriate for use in this experiment as they all give statistical evidence to support the questions relating to various attitudes taken ...

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Freud's Theory of Unconscious in Inter Group Relations

17 Apr 2018

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Freud’s contributions to inter group relations Freud’s theories on unconsciousness provided an important perspective that was relevant to the study of inter group relations. Freud believed that groups were composed of the unconscious life of each member. He thought a group couldn’t be understood without exploring the unconscious aspects of the individual member. He also was of the opinion that the individual couldn’t be separated from ...

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Historical Understandings of Madness in Nigeria

17 Apr 2018

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Madness in culture: is mental disorder universal? This paper will look at the issue of madness in culture, looking at the issue of whether mental disorders are a universal concept, with particular reference to the Nigerian culture. As Sadowsky (2003) argues, the crude maxim “what is mad in one culture might be considered sane in another” described the approach to ‘cultural psychiatry’ research regarding mental illness ...

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Brief and Time-limited Therapy: Types and Effects

17 Apr 2018

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Brief Therapy – Promising or Abusive? Brief and time-limited therapy experienced much controversy about its usefulness before it has finally established itself as a valid form of therapy for certain patient populations while being accepted by most professionals in the field. Some therapists have even hailed brief therapy as having already filled the place of longer-term psychotherapy and having emerged as the 21st century’s preferred treatment ...

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Novelty Preferences in Infants: Effects on Infant Cognition

17 Apr 2018

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Discuss the method of ‘familiarisation/novelty preference’ and consider its contribution to psychologists’ understanding of infant cognition. One of the keystones in an infant’s development is the ability to group similar items and experiences together. This, on the surface, may seem a trivial skill but it forms the basis for much of the infant’s cognitive development in the first months of life. Once similar things are identified ...

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Trait and Types Approaches to Personality

17 Apr 2018

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Critically evaluate the trait and type approach/perspective of personality, drawing on relevant research. This essay will begin by giving a description of what personality is, before going on to critically evaluate trait and type approaches of personality. The precise definition of personality has been a controversial issue over many years by various theorists. One definition of personality can be described as the underlying causes of individual ...

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Causes and Treatments for Dyslexia: Overview of Theories

17 Apr 2018

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A common definition of dyslexia states it is a specific difficulty in gaining literacy skills that occurs in people who otherwise appear to be developing normally (Snowling, 1987). It is thought to occur in between 3% and 10% of the population (Habib, 2000). Methods of treating and managing dyslexia have been largely influenced by theories about its aetiology. Three different types of explanations are examined here: ...

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Relevance of Psychology in Primary Health Care Delivery

17 Apr 2018

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Critically discuss how an understanding of psychology can enhance the delivery of primary health care. (District Nursing)   Essay The concept of psychology as relevant to district nursing and the primary healthcare team can be examined on a number of different levels. An understanding of psychology is clearly important to the nurse when she interprets a patient’s reaction to events in their personal illness trajectory. (Yura ...

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Analysis of Construct Traits in Personality Theory

17 Apr 2018

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Word Count: 1521 Q: It is said that traits are important constructs in personality theory. Support or refute this statement. 1. INTRODUCTION If you were every to ask a person to describe him or her self, he or she would probably make use of adjectives such as ‘motivated’, ‘fun-loving’, or maybe ‘lazy’ and ‘disorganised’. These people would, in essence, be describing themselves by identifying aspects of ...

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Geographic Profiling of Serial Offenders

17 Apr 2018

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As psychological profiling seems to garner all the attention with television shows that feature FBI profilers, one should be reminded that there is another method of criminal profiling that, while less glamorous, seems to provide a very high degree of reliability. The ‘other’ method is geographic profiling that had it beginnings in a London crime spree involving a serial rapist. In these cases occurring in the ...

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Discourse Analysis on Psychological Knowledge Production

17 Apr 2018

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Putting Critical Psychology into Practice: A discourse analysis of the production of psychological knowledge; 'How I live with schizophrenia' interview by STELLA BREEZE, Daily Mail - 4th November 2003 In this assignment an article featured in the Daily Mail newspaper on the 4th of December 2003 was chosen to be analysed by way of discourse analysis. The article concerned an account of a scientific researchers coming ...

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Brain Mechanisms Controlling Drug Addiction Reinforcement

17 Apr 2018

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Discuss how theories relate drug addiction to endogenous brain mechanisms controlling reinforcement, and look at how these theories may be used to improve the effectiveness of treatment of addiction In psycho-biological terms addiction is regarded as the perceived need for a drug or substance and the potential for the subsequent re-use of that substance often manifesting itself in a pattern of drug induced behaviour. This has ...

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Importance of Therapeutic Relationship in Cognitive Therapy

17 Apr 2018

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Within cognitive therapy, the therapeutic relationship, along with the emotional aspects of therapy in general, has historically been of less importance than for other therapeutic modalities. In the last decade this has changed and in the so-called 'third wave' in cognitive therapy there is a much greater interest in the therapeutic relationship (Hayes, Strosahl & Wilson, 2004). This essay evaluates the relevance of the therapeutic relationship ...

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Assagioli’s Theory of Psychosynthesis

17 Apr 2018

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The I, the Self: Building the Bridge Only the development of his inner powers can offset the dangers inherent in man’s losing control of the tremendous natural forces at his disposal and becoming the victim of his own achievements. —Roberto Assagioli Introduction Therapists use Assagioli’s theory of psychosynthesis to help clients develop a complete and authentic identity that is fully able to access the true Self ...

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Psychoanalysis of a Family’s Entertainment Patterns

17 Apr 2018

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Table Of Contents (Jump to) 1. Introduction 1.1 Family Demography 2. The Interview 2.1 Father 2.2 Mother 2.3 Son 2.4 Daughter 3. Governing Theories 3.1 Psychological Sketch of Family 4. Conclusion 5. References 1. Introduction The following article indulges into a study of the patterns of TV and radio programmes seen by an average household. We set out to carry our investigation by interviewing a family ...

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Psychosocial Resources in a Therapeutic Relationship

17 Apr 2018

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This essay considers the psychosocial resources implicated in a successful therapeutic relationship. Several fundamental theses seem to emerge from a review of the literature. Firstly, there is an abundance of relevant psychosocial factors, and these seem to vary across different settings. Secondly, factors such as empathy, trust, and warmth, seem crucial in most scenarios. Thirdly, the assumptions and beliefs of both therapists and patients regarding the ...

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Concepts in Cognitive Psychology

17 Apr 2018

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Memory, Thinking, Attention, Perception, Language Cognitive psychology is primarily interested in the role of the mind and its conceptual functioning. As by way of communicating information to and from each other and understanding the external world through the process of labelling and categorising certain elements pertaining to that world, the cognitive approach to psychological investigation has been interested in the nature of language from its origins. ...

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Influences on Peer Groups and Friendships

17 Apr 2018

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Peer groups, social competence and friendship. Indicate the relevance or not of the following: Theory, Cultural differences, Age differences, Gender differences and methodological issues. Introduction It has been established that humans are social creatures. It has also been established that humans have an inclination to form social groupings for a myriad of psychological reasons, such as friendship, acceptance, comfort, togetherness and so forth. However, the ways ...

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Change Blindness and Visual Memory: Research and Theories

17 Apr 2018

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What is change blindness and what can it tell us about attention? Recent research on visual memory has shown that people have great difficulty in detecting obvious changes to an object, such as colour and size, if the change occurs simultaneously with a distraction. The term change blindness is used to describe this phenomenon and much research has been carried out to further our understanding of ...

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Psychological Contract: Work-Life Balance in Retail

17 Apr 2018

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Title: A contemporary analysis of the concept of work life balance and the effects of the psychological contract within the business. Geared towards retail. A compiled list of the 6 main sources of information that could be used with justification as to why they are relevant and a paragraph on key theories/models, analysis tools that would be used in this dissertation. A total of around 600 ...

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Equine Assisted Psychotherapy (EAP) for Addiction | Proposal

17 Apr 2018

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Equine Assisted Psychotherapy (EAP): Can EAP help in the treatment of addiction? If one looks at the statistics for addiction, it is staggering. The annual cost to the NHS for alcohol abuse alone is £3 billion, with an estimated population of recreational or addicted users of illicit drugs at 50 million (“Breaking the cycle,” 2006). The annual cost to Wales and England from drug abuse is ...

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Psychological Well-being and Job Performance Relationship

17 Apr 2018

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Introduction Psychological conceptions and treatments of well-being are a prominent feature of psychological literature particularly in relation to mental health from a social-psychological point of view. The fundamental questions asked in this area are arguably concerned with the way and means of understanding the psychological reactions of individuals to the stresses and challenges of modern day life activities, (Bradburn, 1969). With work being one of the ...

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Effect of Hormones on Aggressive Behaviour

17 Apr 2018

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The role of hormones in mediating aggressive behaviour How hormones can trigger and influence aggression in animals and humans has interested many researchers in the last six decades (Brooks-Gunn, Graber, & Paikoff, 1994). Scientists realised soon that aggressive behaviours has to be always set in a larger context. The larger context can never be neglected while investigating complex human behaviours. This applies especially when considering the ...

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Psychological Theories on Organisational Work Conditions

17 Apr 2018

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A) Describe what psychologists have discovered about organisational work conditions. Psychologists have spent many years trying to prove or disprove the fact that organisation in the work place effects the productivity of the employees. That is to say, if work conditions such as lighting, temperature, noise and vibration do indeed affect the level to which the employees subjected to these issues work. It is proven that ...

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Sexual Abuse: Impacts and Treatments

16 Apr 2018

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Sexual Abuse   Abstract There is a great deal to be said regarding an individual’s retort to sexual distress. The victim of that suffering has a high probability of creating an offence of their individual, perhaps by means of substance as a means to deal with, or construct any numeral of meager choices as a means of contracting with the abuse. What the distressing thing is ...

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Qualitative Research: When People are at their Happiest

16 Apr 2018

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Abstract The main aim of this research was to assess when people are at their happiest, previous research that was carried out was explored for an in-depth knowledge of how individual states of happiness varies and also that happiness mean different things to different people. Happiness is one of the most important part of life for people to attain good health. Thematic analysis method was used ...

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Nursing Home Reflection of Behaviours

16 Apr 2018

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Latoya Mckie   Abstract There are numerous of behaviors to observer in a nursing home. Many of the behaviors are related to mental impairment, loss of memory or aliments such as dementia, delirium, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s diseases. A lot of residents have been diagnosed with aliments; these various mental impairment conditions are concurrent conditions which may overlap. In many cases the impairment gets ...

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Separation Anxiety Disorder Symptoms and Treatment

16 Apr 2018

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In this proposal we will be discussing on anxiety disorder and a treatment on the client based on a case study. In current era, the most common psychiatric illnesses affecting both children and adults are anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorder is a serious mental illness. Those who are affected with this disorder are most likely to have the feelings of excessively frightened, distressed, or uneasy during situation ...

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Using a Code of Ethics to Inform Decision Making

16 Apr 2018

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Considering a Social Dilemma in Practice: Using a Code of Ethics to Inform Decision Making Contents (Jump to) 1. Introduction 2. Analysis 3. Reducing Defection 4. Conclusion 5. References Abstract Social dilemmas have the potential to define an entire population, leading to the need to assess and understand the implications associated with trends. In general, there are several different types of social dilemma, which has different ...

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Internet Addiction in Adolescents: Literature Review

16 Apr 2018

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My topic is on social media usage and adolescents; I have found 3 researched based articles in excessive internet usage with treatments provided. First I will be explaining an article about compulsive internet use among adolescents-parent-child relationships since little is known of about the role parents can play to prevent their children from developing Compulsive Internet Use (CIU). The second article, explains excessive Internet use is ...

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Psychology of Aesthetics: Overview of Theories

16 Apr 2018

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How is aesthetic experience linked to familiarity and information? Critically discuss at least two theoretical perspectives and provide evidence based on the literature. The phenomenon of aesthetic experience refers to a preference judgement to sensory experience. This hedonic response has its roots from the philosopher Baumgarten 1750 (as cited in Reber et al, 2004) who likened the concept of sensation and perception pertaining to beauty, appreciation ...

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Phonological Neighborhood Size on Verbal Short-term Memory

16 Apr 2018

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NG LI JIA For several decades, researchers tried to understand the dynamics of short-term memory in speech processing and word recall. However, data were contradictory due to different lines of inquiry using varying methodologies. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of word recall and short-term memory remains an elusive, but not an impossible task. It is important to pinpoint how short-term memory and long-term memory interact ...

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Building Therapeutics Relationships in Forensic Psychology

16 Apr 2018

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What interpersonal qualities should a forensic psychologist have that help build therapeutic relationships? Forensic psychology is a branch of criminological psychology; it refers to the knowledge of the understanding, prediction and nature of crime or criminal behaviour (Bull, Davies & Westcott, 2003). What defines this psychological practice from others, is that the material produced is usually used within a court of law and during group or ...

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Study Analysis: Gentlemen Prefer Blondes

16 Apr 2018

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Kwong Ho Kuen Everyday Social Psychology: Report on Media Article #2 A news article from The Independent reported that modern gentleman preferred “brains” rather than “blondes” (Lusher, 2014). Why do men value educational levels or intelligence over physical attractiveness? Is this argument just objective opinion or is it scientifically proved? If the phenomenon is true, can it be explained by social psychology? In this ...

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Neurobiology of Memory Reconsolidation

16 Apr 2018

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What is the current understanding of the neurobiology of memory reconsolidation and how will impact psychology. Abstract This essay is focusing on the neurobiology of memory reconsolidation, specifically on the molecular mechanisms of LTP and reconsolidation, and the crucial role synaptic plasticity plays in fear conditioning and its resultant implication for psychopathology specifically Posttraumatic stress disorder This essay is focusing on current understanding of the neurobiology ...

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Mark Test of Mirror Self-recognition | Analysis

16 Apr 2018

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Critically evaluate the Mark test of mirror self-recognition as a measure of conceptual self-awareness in toddlers. When adults look in the mirror they can possibly say with confidence that they, as adults, know it is their own refection gazing back at them; it is possible that this stems from the fact that they recognise or hold a mentally represented self –image of what they usually look ...

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Book Review: Understanding Dying, Death, and Bereavement

16 Apr 2018

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Antonia Wadell Abstract The research was based on interdisciplinary subject of social thanatology to further explain the process of dying, death and bereavement. The main objectives are to sensitize people to the subject of dying, death and bereavement, to aid those who have experienced loss of a love one to help individuals examine their own feelings and reactions to death and grieving, to make ...

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Research on Children’s Conception of Death | Methodology

16 Apr 2018

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This study design is to find out the understanding of death of children from different stages, and the difference between their concepts. Death is part of our life and also an accomplishment of it that no one can avoid. Numerous studies have been conducted to determine different ages of children’s concept towards death in these 80 years, and the first one was conducted by Schilder and ...

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A Biography of Carl Jung

16 Apr 2018

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Carl Jung: A biography “We live in an age that is trying to find its soul.” Golden words by the man who lived exactly to do that – Finding The Soul. He lived to find the soul of the individual, to find the collective soul of the community and to spread his knowledge of the same through younger generations. He had arrive on-the-bloc when understanding the ...

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Theories of Interpersonal Perception and Self Presentation

16 Apr 2018

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Christian S. Bautista Social Psychology Interpersonal Relationship   Solomon Asch (1946) found out that when information is given about another person, some parts of that information are given more importance than others. He called this central trait, which he said we are using to make decisions about the personality of the other person. In his warm-cold study, Asch felt that traits like warm and ...

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Strategies for Problem Solving: Theory Analysis

16 Apr 2018

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Corrine Conley   One type of problem is known as well-defined problem which usually have a correct answer; this certain procedure will end in a solution. The other type of problem is known as an Ill-defined problem which is more common and does not have a clear defined answer or solution. The Gestalt psychologist’s laws of perceptual organization were interested in perception, learning, problem ...

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Credibility and Uses of Psychological Experimental Evidence

16 Apr 2018

5 (1,833 )

Abstract Experimental psychology is the aspect of psychological science that explores the human mind and its perceptions and behaviors through experimental methodologies and subsequent interpretation of the obtained results. Again, “evidence-based practice in psychology is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences” (American Psychologist, 2006). This definition is in line with the one advocated ...

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Time, Money, Morality and Self-Reflection

16 Apr 2018

4 (1,347 )

Christina Trofimenko Abstract Gino and Mogilner’s study on time, money and morality (2013) presents findings that suggest that dwelling upon the general concepts of time and money can impact upon the moral choices that individuals make. The link found between time, money and cheating by Gino and Mogilner (2013) is very convincing. The methodology used to obtain these links is found to be very ...

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Cultural Differences and Switching of In-Group Sharing

16 Apr 2018

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Nuchelle Atkinson, M.A. Research Article Critique Qiu, L., Lin, H., & Leung, A. K. (2013). Cultural Differences and Switching of In-Group Sharing Behavior between an American (Facebook) and a Chinese (Renren) Social Networking Site. Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44(1), 106-121. Emma J. Barnes Abstract Culture is often mirrored by or perceived through shared practices in a community. The different shared practice on users’ national culture represents their host cultures. Facebook ...

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Effect of Perceived Anonymity of Group Task Social Loafing

16 Apr 2018

13 (4,930 )

Title: The effect of perceived anonymity upon individual effort in a group task. Abstract: Social loafing according to Latané et al (1979) is the decrease in personal effort that occurs when an individual works within a group. However, when people feel as though their input is identifiable they are motivated to exert more effort, thereby mitigating social loafing. (Harkins & Jackson, 1985) In an attempt to ...

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Effect of Schemas on Understanding the Social World

16 Apr 2018

5 (1,650 )

Zoe Crackett WITH REFERENCE TO RELEVANT RESEARCH STUDIES EVALUATE THE EXTENT TO WHICH OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE SOCIAL WORLD IS CONSTRAINED BY OUR SCHEMAS This[p1] essay looks to assess the degree to which our perception of the social world is driven by how our knowledge is brought together and presented to ourselves. Bartlett (1932) used the concept of schema, which has been defined for ...

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Theories and Stages of Memory

16 Apr 2018

9 (3,216 )

BATHSHEBA SHEMA BAGGAI   1.0 Introduction Our memory is part of being human. It is also an indicator that we experienced and lived to this day. Theoretically, according to Mastin (n.d.), memory is our ability to encode, store, retain and consequently recall information and past experiences in the human brain. In other words, past experiences influenced our present and future behavior. When the outcome is ...

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Working Memory Capacity in Generalized Social Phobia

16 Apr 2018

5 (1,760 )

Nader Amir and Jessica Bomyea   INTRODUCTION According to DSM-5TM (2013), Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) is a ”Marked fear of one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others.” Also they fear they will be judged negatively which might result being humiliated or face rejection to one (Comer, 2010). According to the report on working memory ...

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Role of Heuristics in Social Cognition

16 Apr 2018

8 (2,809 )

Tracy L. Rawlins   Discuss the topic of social cognition and in particular the role of heuristics in the way we process information. Briefly describe two different heuristics and give examples of how and when they might be used as well as problems connected with their use. Our capabilities of interpreting, analyzing, remembering, and using information about the social world is referred to as ...

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Effect of the Outdoors on Mental Health

16 Apr 2018

5 (1,788 )

Topic: Mental Health Big Ideas Overview Mental health disorders are known to affect most people at some point in their lives (Government Office of Science London 2008, as cited in Barton 2010). Indeed, rates of depression and other psychological illnesses (e.g. anxiety, etc.) are predicted to increase in the future (Maller et al. 2005, as cited in DFH 2008). Over the past several decades, research has ...

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Theories of Consciousness: History, AI and Animals

16 Apr 2018

8 (3,081 )

Consciousness Andrew P Allen History and Philosophy People can mean various things when they talk about “consciousness”. At a simple level, one can mean awareness of one’s world or one’s internal drives (e.g. thirst). A more complex form of consciousness is awareness of one’s own awareness, the consciousness that allows people to psychologise about themselves. Approaching the concept from a different angle, “consciousness” sometimes ...

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Importance of History and Context Considerations for Clients

16 Apr 2018

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Historical and Contextual Considerations for Clients Siobhan L. Healy   Abstract This paper discusses four cases in total, two from the perspective of a psychologist in private practice and two from the perspective of a school psychologist. First, we will be covering two clients who visited Dr. Goldstein’s private practice: Client #1: Brian, a 28 year old, married father of a two year old daughter ...

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Role Play Reflection and Self Critique

16 Apr 2018

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Self-Critique Pillay Sheryl Interpersonal Communication Tania Holz The aim of this assignment is to write a self-critique based on a role play, and reflect critically upon my strengths and limitations, that relates to the theory and knowledge regarding the use of communication and interpersonal skills, and how and when to build rapport, empathy, listening and active listening communications within a role-play. I felt it is ...

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Anxiety in Cancer Treatment: A Case Study

16 Apr 2018

5 (1,848 )

Case Study - Celine Laurie Cyr-Martel Patient Presenting problem: Celine is a 25 year old female who presented to the emergency department (E.D.) with increased abdominal pain over the last 2 weeks. Patient recently completed chemotherapy and cancer treatment for intestinal cancer. Celine has been under increased stress due to her living situation and is concerned that her cancer has returned. She reports the ...

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Neuropsychopharmacology Concepts: Overview and Analysis

16 Apr 2018

6 (2,143 )

Cole Garcia Introduction This research paper was written explore and demonstrate my personal interests in my field of study, neuropsychopharmacology. The research papers discussed were selected to provide a diverse range of topics within the field, and to convey findings that I’ve deemed to be particularly unique or useful in real-life application. Neuropsychopharmacology: a Brief, Multidimensional View Although frequently demonstrated to be neurotoxic in ...

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Construct Theory of Personality | Analysis

16 Apr 2018

7 (2,477 )

Describe Kelly's personal construct theory of personality, and compare this approach with other psychological theories of personality. Over the years psychologists have developed different theories to define observable differences in individual’s personalities (Chamorro-Premuzic, 2011). The history of personality psychology datedates vack for man centuries and has been traced as far as four centries before Christ (Cervone, 2013). Earlier records of personality theories all tended to have ...

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Research Analysis: Acceptance of Non-Abstinence Goals

16 Apr 2018

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Aaron Glogowski Dr. Michael E. Dunn Davis, A. K., & Rosenberg H. (2013). Acceptance of Non-Abstinence Goals by Addiction Professionals in the United States. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27(4), 1102-1109. doi: 10.1037/a0030563 Alan K. Davis and Harold Rosenberg have observed some formerly unexpected results from the use of drugs and alcohol recreationally. While the effects of excessive drug and alcohol use have been monitored ...

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Factors Affecting Empathy: Theories Analysis

16 Apr 2018

4 (1,416 )

Empathy can be described as “taking the role of the other and seeing the other from his or her internal frame of reference” (Eagle & Wolitzky, 2004, p. 217). In recent years, it has been one of the most popular topics in the field of psychology. Empathy is considered to be one of the most important skills in communication, connection and trusting others. To gain better ...

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Effects of Caffeine and Nicotine on the Mind

16 Apr 2018

5 (1,710 )

Jodi Hawkins Nicotine and caffeine are substances that most people do not consider a drug, but most do acknowledge that they are addictive substances. The effects on the mind and body are something else that most do not consider significant, however, both are highly addictive and affect numerous aspects of the mind and body. This paper will cover some of the misconceptions and myths ...

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Theories of Attention and Perception

16 Apr 2018

6 (2,172 )

Moses Nhamburo   How have psychologists sought to explain selective attention? To what extent have they been successful? According to Psychologists, selective attention is defined as an act where an individual tries to focus on a specific subject or object for a specific period of time, whereas at the same time ignoring several other irrelevant things which might be occurring around that person (Renninge ...

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Effect of Smoking on Division of Attention

16 Apr 2018

9 (3,548 )

ABSTRACT The basic objective of this study is to see whether smoking significantly affects the division of attention of an individual. Smoking can be defined as the process in which any substance, usually tobacco is rolled and burnt and the smoke that is released is inhaled. There is evidence that smoking is harmful to the brain at the functional and morphological level (Swan & Lessov-Schlaggar, 2007). ...

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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Issues

16 Apr 2018

4 (1,271 )

The vast majority of patients seeking treatment for an eating disorder do not meet full DSM criteria. What are the implications for diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders? What are the broader implications for categorical versus dimensional perspectives on the diagnosis of mental illness? The American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a handbook of written guidelines that primarily focuses ...

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Objectives of Career Counselling

16 Apr 2018

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An objective of career counseling is to offer an individual the opportunity to begin looking on the domain of a career which makes the most out of an individual and best suited. The outcome would recommend awareness to the different employments which one may like. The sort of things that is important to individual, and the sorts of abilities for which a client have talent or ...

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Jung's Plurality of the Psyche Theory | Analysis

16 Apr 2018

6 (2,266 )

Tamara Gordon Jung & Archetypal Psychology   It has been said that Jung’s psychology is an investigation into ‘the meaning of being plural.’ Explore Jung’s ideas about the plurality of the psyche, indicating why he regarded the person as a site for multiple selves, complexes and parts. Further, explore the relationship between unity and diversity, the One and Many, in Jung’s psychology. Jung ...

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Effect of Substance Abuse on Child Upbringing

16 Apr 2018

4 (1,531 )

Need for Treatment Women with children According to Miller (2001), the number of substance abuse treatment facilities for mothers with young children is very limited and therefore, implementation of local outpatient programs is very important to meet their specific treatment needs. Substance abuse treatment for single mothers is given a lower importance than the sufficient provision of their children in terms of safety and physical needs ...

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The Likert Scale and Manipulation Checks in Research

16 Apr 2018

4 (1,532 )

The independent variable is the status and the dependent variables are rule compliance and hierarchy-enhancing beliefs. The study collects the data through an online survey, uses a likert scale, and incorporated manipulation checks into its experimental design. It is a between subject design. Its weakness lies with its lowered external validity. Firstly, the survey was conducted online. Hence, the computerized system would be able to manage ...

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Responsibilities of a Career Counsellor

16 Apr 2018

6 (2,101 )

The key purposes of career counseling assessment. Career counseling is an interpersonal process where by the counselors will assist and explore the information on clients self-esteem, backgrounds, interests, abilities and other personal characteristics career development. The career counselor is sometimes sees as a guide, teacher or as a coach. In the beginning stage the career counselor needs to explore the client problem because clients have different ...

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Theories of Perception and Perception in the Workplace

16 Apr 2018

7 (2,738 )

Perception Perception can be termed as the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses. It can be understood as the way in which something is regarded, understood and interpreted. In our day to day activities we perceive things constantly. "Perception" is a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. Various ...

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Psychological Impacts of Nostalgia for People With Dementia

16 Apr 2018

6 (2,041 )

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF NOSTALGIA FOR PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA: STUDY PROTOCOL 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1.2 Existential realities Four basic concerns that have been proposed to have great impact on the lives of all people are: death, freedom, existential isolation and meaninglessness (Yalom, 1980). Yalom (1980) argues that although people tend to neglect these four realities, they are still pervasive and influential on our lives. He offers the ...

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Novel Sequential-presentation-only (SPO) Line-up Effects

16 Apr 2018

8 (3,153 )

Simultaneous, Sequential and Sequential Presentation Only line-ups in mediating Hit & False alarm rates  Valerie Lim   Abstract Exculpating individuals due to mistaken identifications in simultaneous line-ups have stirred questions of trust to the procedure. Researchers proposed a sequential presentation line-up to reduce the false identifications more than they reduce hits as a superior procedure. This study investigated if a novel sequential-presentation-only (SPO) line-up ...

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