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Chemical Hazards and Tractability Implementation

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,266 Words)

Research Proposal from Islam Md. Jakiul Research Title: Assessment of Chemical Hazards and Tractability Implementation in Crustacean Seafood Supply Chain Background In course of time, global competition to access food business market gradually faces the consumer’s new and new demand for food safety and quality. The previous safety issues were mostly concerned to the microbiological contamination especially Salmonella and the new complaints are associated with the presence ...

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Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

9 Pages (3,205 Words)

TAQ 1- Part 1- The similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Prokarytotic cells Eukaryotic cells Similarities Nucleus The DNA floats within the nucleus of this cell. The division of the cell happens via mitosis. The nucleus is known as a nucleoid which isn’t a true nucleus like eukaryotic cell. (John Wiley ...

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Is Ecoology Discrete Entities or Continuum Community?

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,023 Words)

Sabrina Danial Leong Discrete entities or continuum community best describes current Ecology? A number of species assembled to form a pioneer community. Commonly, community is the assemblage of any populations in a habitat. They can consists of many sizes and could be from a taxonomic group or different types of taxonomic group (Krebs 2014). These species were capable of immigrating rather rapidly and can withstand unfavorable ...

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Effect of Cross-linkers on the Resistance of Dentin Collagen

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,240 Words)

The results of this study indicated that dentin surface treatment with ethanol-based EDC solution for 1 min did not decrease immediate bond strength and resulted in bond strength preservation after water storage for 90 days. Measured hydroxyproline release from dentin collagen after exposure to collagenase demonstrated that EDC-ethanol solution treatment improved collagen resistance to collagenase-mediated degradation, which could lead to the stabilization of the hybrid layer ...

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Synthesis of Chiral Drug Intermediates

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,625 Words)

Given the important role of phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PheDH) in the synthesis of chiral drug intermediates and detection of phenylketonuria, suggesting it is significant to obtain a PheDH with special and high activity. Here, a novel PheDH gene, pdh, encoding a BsPDH with 61.0% similarity to the known PheDH from Microbacterium sp., was obtained. The BsPDH showed the optimal activity at 60°C and pH 7.0, and was ...

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Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

8 Pages (2,912 Words)

Identify and describe the function of the main components of the digestive system-30 marks Identify cell and tissue types-30 marks Identify and describe the urinary system-20 marks Digestive and urinary system Part A Identify the parts of the digestive system on the diagram overleaf---------10mks Explain the function of each part of the digestive system identified in the diagram above?---15mks Outline the composition of ...

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Effect of Mutant EDA-A1 Gene on Huvecs

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

10 Pages (3,934 Words)

Effect of EDA-A1 gene mutant on proliferation and cell cycle distribution of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cell Running title: The effect of mutant EDA-A1 gene on HUVECs. Ke Lei, MM; Lunchang Wang, MD; Bing Ma, MM; Ping Shi, MD; Longjiang Li, MD; Tuanjie Che, MD; Xiangyi He, MD Highlights: EDA-A1 gene mutant significantly decreased proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs ...

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Functions and Functions of Bones and Muscles

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,855 Words)

TAQ 1 – In a short account explain skeletal and bone function which aid carry out its roles. Remember to link structure and function for both. The human skeleton is made up of bones, these bones are composed of a mineral called calcium. Due to this mineral bone is a very hard substance, without the presence of calcium bone becomes soft and rubber like. There are ...

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Effect of Surface Area on Rates of Diffusion in Plant Cells

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,256 Words)

the effect of SURFACE AREA : VOLUME RATIO on the rate of DIFFUSION IN PLANT cells INTRODUCTION Diffusion is movement of the particles from a place higher concentration to a place of low concentration. In the experiment, agar cubes were used to resemble plant cells. The surface area to volume ratio of the agar cubes was investigated by cutting out different volumes agar and ...

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Zebrafish, Genetic Screens, and GNE Myopathy

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,050 Words)

Caroline Haver Scientists continuously research to better understand the human stages of development and progression of diseases. Due to the complexity and ethical concerns of testing with humans, scientists instead utilize model organisms such as Danio rerio (zebrafish) in their research. Gaining understanding of processes in these less complex organisms allows for better application and comprehension in more complex organisms. Therefore, I will ...

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Preventing Cardiovascular, Diabetes, and Cancer (CDC) Strips

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

9 Pages (3,251 Words)

Novel Strategies Halt Cardiovascular, Diabetes, and Cancer Strips Summary Since the authors found firstly there are cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancers (CDC) strips and disclosed their mechanisms, classifications and clinical significances, there is an arising problem how to prevent and halt CDC strips. Fortunately, the authors had already developed new strategies which based previous works for the prevention of coronary heart disease (CVD), cardiovascular events (CVEs) ...

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Fanconi Anemia Causes

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,548 Words)

Fanconi anemia is the most frequently reported rare inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFSs), around 2000 cases have been reported in the medical literature. It was first reported by Guido Fanconi in 1927. He observed 3 brothers with macrocytosis, pancytopenia, and physical abnormalities (Alter et al., 1993). 2.2 EPIDEMIOLOGY The total number of people suffering from FA has not been documented worldwide.Scientists estimate that the carrier ...

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Impact of Bt Cotton on the Environment | Literature Review

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,326 Words)

Literature review Purcell and Perlak (2004) investigated the global impact of Bt cotton. It was reported that since its introduction in 1996, this insect resistant transgenic from of cotton has been widely accepted and grown by farmers. Bt cotton has been cultivated on both, commercial and small-scale farms, and farmers with small holdings have benefited majorly. The adoption of Bt cotton has facilitated growers in terms ...

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Role of Neuromedins in Pain and Signal Transduction Pathways

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,990 Words)

Abstract Neuromedins are a family of structurally highly conserved peptides which is initially isolated from porcine spinal cord. It is best known for their contractile activity to induce uterine smooth muscle contractionon. It is ubiquitously distributed with highest levels found in several different tissues and have been ascribed numerous functions. Amino acid alignment of the C terminus of NMU shows its structure are important for bioactivity.NmU ...

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Activity of Antioxidant in the Gmelina Arborea Seed

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,856 Words)

CHAPTER I PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND The problem and its background are focused on clarifying in this chapter. The problem is determined and explains how the problem comes to its existence. It talks about the significance of having the problem solved and limits the broad spectrum to specify only the most essential parts. Introduction Gmelina arborea is regularly known as white teak, gamhar and Kashmir tree ...

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Nutrient Deficiency Effects on Growth of Raphanus Sativus

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,894 Words)

Jacob Lawson Abstract Macronutrients are an essential to all living plants, but the focus of our study is quantities that effect plants. How significant certain macronutrients relate to others in growth and total health of a living plant? Our focus of the study supports the ideal that potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen play major roles in plant development and when deficient show severely stunted growth. ...

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Industrial Production of Xanthan Gum

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,694 Words)

Xanthan Gum Production Industrial production of Xanthan gum started in 1970’s. Over the years it became one of the most important industrially produced anionic heterolpolyasaccharide. Reason for its prime importance is its wide use in food, cosmetics, paper making, medicine, paint and petroleum industry. It is used as a n emulsifier, thickner and friction and water mobility reducer. Xanthan gum is convenient to use ...

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Using Metagenomics to Monitor Microbial Communities

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,389 Words)

Executive summary: The Advanced Microbial Solutions Company is exploring a new approach to isolate novel organisms or gene from the environment for commercial exploitation. This approach is enabled by metagenomics, a high throughput capacity that can deal with the DNA extraction, sequencing and interpretation of microbial communities. The R&D Department decided to choose a variety of freshwater sediment, marine sand and water samples from Portobello Beach ...

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Assay for Different Marker Enzymes found in Chicken Liver

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,578 Words)

Introduction Cell Theory states that all living organism contain cells which are the basic unit of life. These cells contain certain organelles that perform specific functions. In order for Scientists to study these compartments, they isolated these organelles through the process of Cell Fractionation and certain enzymes are present in these organelles for it to be distinguished from one another. These enzymes are called Marker Enzymes ...

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Dilutional Hyponatremia During Intrauterine Adhesion

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

13 Pages (4,824 Words)

Severe dilutional hyponatremia in a patient during hysteroscopic of intrauterine adhesion : A case report YE Yuzhu, LIN Lina Abstract Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure for the patients of intrauterin adhesion, but may result in potentially disastrous complication labeled transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) syndrome. Excessive absorption of large scale of distension media under high inflow pressure by openings of venous channels in endometrium, ...

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Copper, Zinc and Selenium in Elderly Persons

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

8 Pages (3,134 Words)

Evaluation of the Serum Levels of Oxidant/Antioxidant Status, Copper, Zinc and Selenium in Elderly Persons with and without Physical Disability Abstract: The growing population of old persons causes that scientific community increase focus on age related disease such as physical disability. In recent studies, has been shown that parameters include serum levels of oxidative stress, copper, zinc, selenium and bone mineral density(BMD) play important role in ...

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Prevention of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC)

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,025 Words)

Role of Vitamin E in prevention of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) Kanwal Mazhar, Guiju Sun1 Abbreviations: ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; Vit E, Vitamin E; RONS, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species; Abstract Vitamin E (Vit E) has enormous potential for cancer growth inhibition and cancer prevention. It has been studied widely for its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancerous activity. The objective of this review ...

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Anti-viral and Anti-cancer Effect of Sea Cucumber Extracts

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

9 Pages (3,262 Words)

The Anti-viral and Anti-cancer effect of secondary metabolite extracts from sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) in vitro Abstract Sea cucumber is used as food purposes and traditional medicine in Asia and Middle East society. In this scientific study we try to examine antiviral effect of organic extracts, obtained from sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota species against HIV-1. For this reason, sea cucumber collected from 10-30 meters depths, around ...

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Uses and Chemistry of Lignin

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,859 Words)

Plant Lignin Introduction: Lignin positions second just to cellulose as the most abundant common item on earth. All things considered, it constitutes one of the biggest regular re-sources accessible to man. To date its utilization as a substance crude material has been constrained and where it can be found in significant amounts as a detached result of the mash and paper industry, it has to a ...

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Effect of Obesity on Total Joint Replacement (TJR) Rates

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

8 Pages (2,996 Words)

The critical factor driving the growth in worldwide demand for joint replacement is obesity Kumar Anjan Contents (Jump to) Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. Obesity – How can we define it? 3. Surgical Risk: 4. Obesity and Implant Failure 5. Conclusion 6. Bibliography Abstract: During early days, obese individuals were often suggested to lose weight before undergoing total joint replacement (TJR). It was common ...

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Role of PINK1 in α-synuclein Aggregation

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,063 Words)

The role of PINK1 in α-synuclein aggregation and toxicity in Parkinson’s disease State-of-the-art Misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein (ASYN) is the major component of Lewy bodies (LBs) [1], the pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) [2,3]. Although clinical and experimental studies suggest the involvement of protein misfolding, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction [4,5], the fundamental cause of the disease, its underlying mechanism remains elusive. The normal ...

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Importance of Health and Safety in a Hospital Lab

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,664 Words)

Natalie Pigott M1/D1: Explain and evaluate the need for health, safety and security requirements in the hospital lab you have chosen In the haematology lab, nearly every sample being analysis contains some form of pathogenic organisms. Due to this, it is essential that certain precautions are put in place in order to avoid the risk of infection and cross contamination. One of these precautions ...

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Pros and Cons of Stem Cell Research

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,096 Words)

George Dion One Method to Cure Them All Imagine a world where the blind can see and where the crippled can walk. Stem cells can make miracles like this a reality. Stem cells are cells which have no specific function, but have the ability to replace any type of cell in the human body when needed. There are two types of stem cells; embryonic ...

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Causes of Epilepsy and Seizures

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

9 Pages (3,484 Words)

An Introduction to Epilepsy Elliot Williamson Contents (Jump to) Introduction to Epilepsy Seizures Causes of Epilepsy Conclusion Index References Figures Appendix Introduction to Epilepsy Epilepsy is the oldest known brain disorder dating back as early as 2080BC (Cascino et al., 1995). It was first identified as a disease by Dr Jon ...

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Mechanisms and Consequences of GP-mediated Cytopathology

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

8 Pages (3,151 Words)

EBOV is a member of the family Filoviridae in the order Mononegavirales, and so encodes its genome in single-stranded linear RNA in the negative orientation. The genome is approximately 19 kb long, and encodes 7 open reading frames (ORFs) [29]. The different subtypes of EBOV are approximately 35-45% divergent at the nucleotide level but are considered highly genomically stable over time [28,72]. The EBOV genome contains 3’ and 5’ (leader, ...

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Causes of Food Borne Botulism

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,453 Words)

Foodborne botulism Botulism is one of the most fatal diseases in all over the world. However, it is rare, and caused by a nerve toxin which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum(C. botulinum) and sometimes by strains of Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium baratii (3). There are five main kinds of botulism, which are foodborne botulism, wound botulism, infant botulism, adault intestinal toxaemia botulism and iatrogenic ...

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Structure of the Swine Flu Virus

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,329 Words)

The 1918 influenza pandemic and cytokine storm Morens and Fauci (2007) states that the 1918 influenza pandemic killed 50-100 million people worldwide was caused by an influenza virus which is a subtype of H1N1 virus. Furthermore they outlines that the 1918 pandemic apparently arose to a new human host due to a genetic adaptation by an existing avian virus. In their thorough review of related studies ...

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Purification of Fructosyl Transferase (FTase)

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,395 Words)

Introduction Food products are formulated for taste, appearance, cost and convenience of the consumer. The composition of food products that confer a health benefit is a relatively new trend, and recognizes the growing acceptance of the role of diet in disease prevention, treatment and well-being. It is thus becoming increasingly clear that there is a strong relationship between the food we consume and our health. Scientific ...

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Development of Infrared Ray Sterilization Oven

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,356 Words)

IR Sterilization Oven Mohamed Hossam Yahia Mohamed Introduction: Sterilization can be defined as a process which completely eliminates or kills microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and prions. It can be used for many things such as equipment, food, surfaces, medications, and the most important field is the biological culture medium. Sterility is obtained by exposure of the substance that needs to be sterilized to ...

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Determination of the Body by Genes

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

11 Pages (4,015 Words)

Gemma Tue TAQ 1: Genes are sections of DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid). They are shorter than actual DNA strands and each one has code for a specific protein. It does this in setting the order the amino acids must join together. DNA carries the genetic coding which will give living things there characteristics. DNA is unique except for that of identical twins. Chromosomes are ...

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Role of Doxycycline in Prostate Cancer With Microarray

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

12 Pages (4,569 Words)

Bioinformatics analysis of the role of doxycycline in prostate cancer with microarray Running title: Roles of doxycycline in prostate cancer High lights: Significant pathways involved in the progression are analyzed. PPI network was constructed and total 392 common DEGs were identified. BUB1, MYC, IGF-1, CCNE2, CYP2E1 and ALDH3B2 were identified as key genes. Abstract Purpose: We aim to identify the key genes and pathways ...

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Drug-receptor Interactions Review

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,372 Words)

Drugs and naturally occurring toxin interacts with their target molecule at the receptor sites localized in the target molecules. The drug-receptor is highly specific as the drug only binds selectively to a particular receptor. The drug-receptor interacts via several chemical bonds such as covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic bonds (Young et al., 2003). The drugs or toxins have to bind to their target molecules in ...

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Dominant and Recessive Alleles Experiment

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,867 Words)

Discussion Part A The number of dominant genes was constant from one generation to the next. It remained at a number of 50 alleles considering that all Bengal tigers with the dominant allele (H), survived to pass on the gene. On the other hand, the frequency of the dominant allele increased over the ten generations. The frequency of the dominant allele during the first generation was ...

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Types, Causes and Prevention of Illnesses

Published Date: 19 Jan 2018

8 Pages (2,820 Words)

References www.archive.microworld.org (accessed 8 march) www.biology.about.com (accessed 8 march) www.medicalnewstoday.com (accessed 8 march) www.science.howstuffworks.co.uk (accessed 8 march) Cholera Consuming food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, causes acute diarrhoea and vomiting resulting in dehydration. Vibrio cholerae is usually found in impure water supplies (unsanitary disposal of excrement) and is spread to humans by drinking this contaminated water e.g. vegetables irrigated by fresh sewage, ...

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Genes and Mechanisms in Colorectal Cancer (CRC)

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

11 Pages (4,153 Words)

Identification ofpotential therapeutic target genes and mechanisms in colorectal cancer based on bioinformatics analysis Highlights: Totally, 150 DEGs including 88 down- and 62 up-regulated genes were identified. Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction may be associated with CRC development. CXCL3 and IL8 may play roles in CRC progress by regulating TNF signaling pathway. PTGS2, CXCL3 and IL8 may be potential therapeutic target genes for CRC. Bile secretion-related genes ...

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Precautionary Principle in Biodiversity

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,571 Words)

Precautionary approach can be defined as the alternative approach or methodology that can be adopted or is developed if the conventional technology poses a threat to the well being of the society and is a potential agent of disturbing the balance of the ecosystem, thereby disturbing the biodiversity. Precautionary principle can be defined as the step taken towards environmental risk management for situations that may arise ...

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Action of Naturally Occurring Toxins and Medicines

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,871 Words)

The purpose of this review is to study ten different toxins and what changes they cause in the human body which will then lead to observable signs and symptoms. Naturally occurring toxins are obtained from organisms such as animals, plants (Dolan et al. 2010) and others while medicines are drugs used to treat or prevent a disease. A medicine can either be natural or synthesized. ...

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Spread of the Measles Virus in Europe

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,511 Words)

Introduction: Measles are an infectious disease caused by the Morbilivirus genus of viruses. The history of measles can be recorded back to the early age of men when mankind was unaware of the disastrous effects of measles. With particular focus on the European countries of the current world, we can have an organized view of the natural course of measles outbreaks in the European region. There ...

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Psychological Effects of Low Vision on Patients

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

8 Pages (3,197 Words)

Maya Al Meer Abstract Some patients suffer from eye diseases such as cataract or glaucoma and many others that cause a decrease in their level of vision making it impossible for them to regain their normal eyesight; this is known as visual impairment. Low vision is a mix of severe visual impairment and moderate visual impairment. The patient shows a decrease in the ...

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Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP): An Overview

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

10 Pages (3,834 Words)

David Hong Creative Scenario As a person diagnosed with the FOP disease, life is hard to live day by day. When I was first born, I had malformed big toes that were short and bent inward, and as a child my back felt stiff and I had difficulty crawling and moving around. One day, I was running around the yard and fell on ...

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Effects of Radiation in Corn

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

8 Pages (3,093 Words)

The Mutagenic and Developmental Effects of Radiation in Corn (Zea mays) Barrun, Neil Benedict Z. Institute of Chemistry-College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños College, Laguna ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of radiation at 0, 10, 30, and 50 krad were observed in the germination and development of the corn plant (Zea mays) for almost 5 weeks with each of the ...

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Prevention Strategies for E.Coli

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

9 Pages (3,308 Words)

a) As the snack food is made from meat, there are four types of bacteria that will possibly contaminate it which are Escherichia.coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus,and Listeria monocytogenes (FSIS, 2015). Escherichia.coli is a bacterial that is usually present in the intestines of humans and animals. Although, most of them are harmless as they play an important role in the intestinal tract of a healthy individual. However, ...

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Functional Genomics and Proteomics

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,597 Words)

Title: Proteomics has four branches that include sequence and structural proteomics, expression proteomics, interaction proteomics and functional proteomics. Provide one example for each branch and describe them briefly. Siti Shawati binti Wasli Introduction With the accomplishment of the Human Genome Project, the prominence is escalating to the protein compliment of the human organism. This has ...

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Effect of Increased CO2 Emissions on Plants

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,359 Words)

There is an increase in CO2 emissions caused by the industrial revolution and increasing number of factories. The high amount of emission causes a rise in free CO2 concentration ([CO2]) in air. The effect of this increase on the ecosystem and plants is a subject of curiosity which has led to scientists trying to understand the effect of elevated [CO2]. The first experiment was made by ...

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Processes of Mitosis and Meiosis

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,542 Words)

Ismenia Panti Growth and Development September 9, 2014 Meiosis and Meiosis Introduction Meiosis and Mitosis are both a type of cell division. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells while meiosis occurs in gamete formation. The main purpose of mitosis is for growth and repair damage cells. Meiosis deals with gamete formation also known as the “sex cells”, to increase varitation. In mitosis the cells ...

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Pathogenicity of Salmonella spp

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,805 Words)

Goh JiaYeen Introduction The isolation of Salmonella from a swine suffering from hog cholera was first reported in 1885 by Daniel E. Salmon. This isolated bacterium was first named as Bacillus cholerasuis, which is currently known as Salmonella enteric serovar Choleraesuis (Bhunia, 2008; Li et al., 2012). Salmonella is known to be an important cause of a foodborne illness, known as salmonellosis, in humans ...

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PCA Analysis for Breed Conservation

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,609 Words)

CHAPTER REVIEW OF LITERATURE Global Animal data bank for genetic resources documents more than 14,017 breeds of domesticated livestock species in over 181 countries. However, this is underestimations of indigenous farm animals of developing countries are yet to be documented (FAO, 2011). Hall, (2004) studied the two stage process to develop the enormous livestock biodiversity. 1) Domestication and 2) breed differentiation. Both theses stages involved genetic ...

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Causes of Bee Population Decline

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

8 Pages (2,987 Words)

Joanna Tyson Unit 3 assignment. A look at the reasons for the decline in the bee population and what can be done to arrest and possibly reverse the situation. Why do we need bees? Bees are absolutely essential to humans, without their help many crops would fail. They pollinate crops by transferring pollen grains between the anther (male germ cell) and the stigma ( ...

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Plant Adaptation to their Environment

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,257 Words)

Hanin Al-geizi Plants require four simple things to live; water, warm temperature, light, minerals and most places that consist partly of these vital requirements, will be hospitable environments for plants. The most important environmental factors to which plants must adapt are water availability, temperature change, sunlight, soil conditions and predation. For any plant to thrive and survive, each of these factors is vital, ...

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Influence of Climate Variability on Marine Ecosystems

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,384 Words)

Large variability in populations of small pelagic fish species have been observed in global oceans (Watanabe 2009). The flexibility in reproductive features of the spawning stock combined with environmental induced fluctuation in survival rate of offspring and overexploitation, can be the major reasons for such large variability in stocks of these species (Ganias 2009) and relation between large scale climate alteration and these fluctuation known as ...

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Effect of Caffeine on Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

9 Pages (3,416 Words)

Isobel Burton Explore the Effect of Drinking 171mg (approx.) of Caffeine (Coffee) a Day on the Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure of Healthy Women. Abstract In this investigation into the effect that drinking 171mg of coffee a day has on the diastolic and systolic blood pressure of healthy women it became clear that the majority of women did not experience any increases of blood ...

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Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) for an Antibiotic

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,460 Words)

Dhayalini Yoginthran Antibiotic resistance is something that has been growing in the world, some might even say that we are entering or have already entered a post antibiotic world. It is currently one of the superior concerns in the 21st century, especially in regards to pathogenic microorganisms. Throughout the years, research had allowed for the development of first line antibiotics that were efficacious against ...

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Development of Tuberculosis Treatment

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,781 Words)

Tuberculosis, one among the socio-economic burdens in the developing countries including India, is primarily found to be associated with poor hygiene, malnutrition and impaired immune system. The multiple drug resistance in the causal organism i.e., Mycobacterium spp., long term drug regimen induced hepatotoxicity/ renal toxicity and HIV pandemic are other compounding factors to aggravate the situation, hence need to be addressed on top priority. Therefore, in ...

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Engineering Stem Cells Using Genome Editing Technology

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,721 Words)

What are stem cells? Stem cells are cells which has the ability to develop or differentiate into different cell types of the body during early stage of life and it can be differentiated into three types which are embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem cells (ASCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These cells are important to renew old tissues and repair any damaged tissues in ...

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Behaviors of the Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus Clarkii)

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,752 Words)

Lydia Roush Abstract Three crayfish of varying size and color were captured and examined in a fish tank for 10 hours. Aggressive, subordinate, feeding, and cleaning behaviors were recorded for each crayfish. Crayfish 1 was found to be the largest and most aggressive individual. Crayfish 2 attempted aggressive behaviors with Crayfish 1 and Crayfish 3, and ate the most food. Crayfish 3, the smallest crayfish, had the ...

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Regulators of Chromosome Condensation

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,908 Words)

Introduction Being studied in great detail, cell cycle is a highly complex and regulated process. It is also one of the most critical steps in the life span of a cell and the accuracy with which this process is carried out has a great impact on the existing cell and the fate of resulting daughter cells upon its completion. Based on how crucial the process is, ...

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Dictyostelium as a Predictive Model for Bitter Tastant

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

9 Pages (3,282 Words)

Developing Dictyostelium as a Predictive Model for Bitter Tastant Identification INTRODUCTION Bitter tastant (emetic) research utilises a variety of animal models for the identification of the emetic susceptibility of novel compounds and aim to characterise the underlining mechanisms that give rise to emesis. There are two categories of animals used in this type of research, those that have the ability to vomit (ferrets, dogs and cats), ...

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Features of Homeostasis

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

10 Pages (3,666 Words)

SABRINA PACE-HUMPHRES – HOMEOSTASIS, CO-ORDINATION AND CONTROL OF THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM UNIT TITLE: Homeostasis, Co-ordination and Control and the Excretory system What is homeostasis? (100 words) Homeostasis is the condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body’s internal environment due to the constant interaction of many of the body’s regulatory processes. The body strives to maintain balance and therefore is constantly adjusting. Homeostasis is dynamic in this ...

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Origin of Life Theory: Deep Sea Vents

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,328 Words)

Assess one hypothesis of the origin of life: Life may have emerged from deep sea vents Introduction Fossil evidence confirms that life on Earth existed at least 3.5 billion years ago (Orgel 1998). This rapid appearance of life is considered to be a remarkable event after the late heavy bombardment 100 million years before, which had the potential to destroy any possible habitats suited to living organisms ...

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Neural Stem Cells and Induced Neurons: Nerve Injury Repair

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,552 Words)

Keywords: nscs and ins for neural repair Yi-Chao Hsu1, Su-Liang Chen2, Tai-Yu Hsu2,3 and Ing-Ming Chiu2,3,* Running title: NSCs and iNs for Neural Repair *Corresponding Author: Ing-Ming Chiu, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, Tel: 886-37-246-166 ext. 37501, Fax: 886-37-587-408, E-mail: [email protected] Keywords: cell therapy, neural stem cells, FGF1, induced neurons, peripheral ...

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Adjusted Prognosis Analysis (APA) for Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,488 Words)

Establishment of adjusted prognosis analysis (APA) for initially diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with brain metastases in Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center Methods. This retrospective analysis included 837 patients with initially diagnosed brain metastasis from NSCLC in Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, China, from 1994 to 2011. Cox proportion hazard model was used to analyse survival. Factors analyzed included patient characteristics, disease characteristics and treatments. ...

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Treatment and Prevention Strategies of Anaerobic Infections

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,266 Words)

Anaerobic Bacteria Lean Hendrik Swanepoel INTRODUCTION: Anaerobic infections; these common infections are caused by the most common, natural occurring organism found in and on the human body – anaerobic bacteria. In their natural state they are harmless, and only cause infection as a result of injury or body trauma. The infections commonly ...

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Effects of Light Intensity on Photosynthetic Rate of Spinach

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,462 Words)

Title An investigation on the effects of varying light intensity on the photosynthetic rate in Spinacia oleracea (spinach) leaf slices. Introduction Like many molecular processes, the metabolic pathways of photosynthesis may be influenced by certain factors. These include, but are not limited to, light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and the presence of photosynthetic inhibitors. Light, in photon form, plays a pivotal role in the light-dependent reactions. ...

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Liquid Based Cytology (LBC) for Cervical Screening

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,721 Words)

KHADIJA MAKDA [Explain the basis of Liquid-based Cytology (LBC). Include in your essay reference to the automation of LBC and to the national cervical screening programme.] Explain the basis of Liquid-based Cytology (LBC). Include in your essay reference to the automation of LBC and to the national cervical ...

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MiRNAs and Genes in CIN

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

9 Pages (3,234 Words)

Identification of miRNAs and genes in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia using bioinformatic analysis Running title: miRNAs and genes in CIN Highlights: Total 21 feature miRNAs and 361 feature mRNAs were identified. PBX1 and LAMC2 play important roles in the CIN. MiR-338-5p, miR-193a-5p and miR-216b were hub nodes in miRNA–mRNA regulatory network. Abstract Aim: The objective of this study was to predict potential target genes and ...

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Rennet Production in Cheese

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

8 Pages (2,866 Words)

TOPIC - Rennet Production PRESENTED BY - NAMRATA KAMBLE INTRODUCTION Rennet is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes (tissue and gastric enzymes) - rennin (chymosin) and pepsin, obtained from gastric mucous membrane of young ruminants [1]. These are the coagulating enzymes used in cheese production, but rennet is widely used. It is the oldest method of producing cheese. Rennin is present in its prorennin form with ...

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Analysis of GATA3 ChIP-seq in the Four Cells

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

13 Pages (4,908 Words)

Analysis of GATA3 ChIP-seq data in A549ã€ÂMCF-7ã€ÂT-47D and SK-N-SH cells Highlights: 1. There was 4839 common GATA3 target genes among the four cells 2. The common GATA3 target genes were mainly enriched in pathway related with cancer. 3. The GATA3 target genes were identified, including ER1, FOXA1, AKR1C1 and LGALS1. 4. “GAT” motif was significantly enriched in the four motif of GATA3 binding site. Abstract: Objective: ...

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Phytochemical Analysis of Abutilon Indicum

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

8 Pages (3,117 Words)

INTRODUCTION In spite of use of all available means of plant fortification, a propos 1/3 rd of the yearly harvested food commodities of the world is destroyed by the pests and the loss due to this is expected to be nearly 6000 corers per annum. Speedy along with effective organization of plant diseases in agriculture merchandise is usually achieved by the use of artificial pesticides and ...

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Effect of Increasing Irradiation Dosage on Corn Growth

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

8 Pages (2,997 Words)

The Effect of Increasing Irradiation Dosage on the Rate of Growth and Germination of Corn (Zea mays L.)1 Amarie S. Aguirre ABSTRACT The effects of mutation induced by irradiation to plants were determined. A plot with four hills of plants was planted and three hills of plants were exposed to radiation, 10 krad, 30 krad and 50 krad respectively. The height of the plants ...

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Direct Compression to Create Paracetamol Tablets

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,309 Words)

Objective: To formulate Paracetamol Tablets using Direct Compression (DC) method. Introduction: Direct compression is the most simple and economical method used in tableting. Excipients are added to the active pharmaceutical ingredient which is then thoroughly mixed before compression to form tablets.1 In wet and dry and dry granulation, there is no pre-treatment of the powder required. 2 In this method, it is easier to process due ...

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Macromolecules and Key Biological Principles

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

10 Pages (3,815 Words)

Mollie Hilton TAQ1: 1) This particular sequence has been formed from the DNA strand by the first stage of protein synthesis, transcription. The RNA polymerase enters the nucleus, attaches to the DNA and begins transcription of nucleotides from the TATA box downstream, 5 prime to 3 prime. The polymerase opens and closes the complimentary base pairs of the DNA as it travels, copying codes ...

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Vampire Squid From Hell

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,652 Words)

He Liu Vampire squid from Hell Introduction The vampire squids are like from out of a midnight science fiction film. They have a gelatinous form and two big fins on its body likes their ears. The blue or red eyes are really big compared to their small body. The vampire squid is a glowing creature, the body is covered with luminous organs, which ...

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Investigation and Comparison of International DNA Databases

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,576 Words)

Anita Burke Introduction: What is a DNA database?? A DNA database is a databank of information comprised solely of DNA data. DNA profiles are held electronically in the database and this is of huge benefit to individuals working in the areas of genetics, forensics and genealogy. A national DNA database is a government database of DNA profiles against which law enforcement agencies can match ...

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Synergistic Effects of Adina Rubella Hance and Taxol

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

9 Pages (3,425 Words)

The synergistic effects of Adina rubella Hance combination with taxol on Lewis Pulmonary Carcinoma bearing in Mice Running title: synergistic effects of Adina rubella hance and taxol Highlights The synergistic effects of Adina rubella Hance combination with taxol were found. Their combination synergisticly inhibited tumor growth. Their combination synergisticly inhibited angiogenesis by reducing the level of VEGF. Abstract: Objective: The purpose of the ...

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A Report on Cerebral Autoregulation

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

8 Pages (2,930 Words)

From: Biose Ifechukwude Joachim Introduction Cerebral autoregulation (CA) is the multifactorial vascular mechanism that maintains a constant cerebral blood supply in spite of fluctuations in the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) (Lassen, 1959; Tiecks et al., 1995). This mechanism thrives for CPP values within the range of 50-150 mmHg (Lassen, 1959; Paulson, Strandgaard and Edvinsson, 1990; Panerai, 1998) (Fig. 1). The vascular response involved in CA is ...

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Monarch Butterflies Wing Morphology and Migratory Behaviour

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,528 Words)

Primer for use with “Populations of Monarch butterflies with different migratory behaviors show divergence in wing morphology” SUMMARY: This study aims to evaluate the correlation between wing morphology of monarch butterflies and their migratory behaviours which are classified by Altizer et al. (2010) in three categories according to the distance travelled by monarchs during their annual migration (long-distance migration, short-distance migration, and nonmigratory monarchs). By collecting ...

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Umami Taste Receptors: Essay

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,520 Words)

KANKSHA MISTRY INTRODUCTION We have always known the existence of four basic tastes; sweet, salty, sour and bitter. However there is a fifth taste, which is not well recognized and that is ‘UMAMI’. It was first discovered by Kikunae Ikeda, a Japanese scientist. He believed that the flavor of meat, fish, seaweed broth; was due to some unknown compound which was different from the four primary ...

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Food Requirements of Dogs

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,764 Words)

INTRODUCTION Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are the most popular pet species in Britain, excluding fish (PFMA, 2014), and as such there are a wide variety of stakeholders in dog welfare, ranging from the owner and veterinarian to insurance companies and animal welfare charities (Buckland et al., 2013). The pet food business is a multi-million pound industry which aims to produce adequate foodstuffs for pets in terms ...

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Growing of Bacteria on Sheep and Rabbit Blood Agar

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

8 Pages (3,057 Words)

3 Materials and methods 3.1 Bacterial collection 3.2 Growing of bacteria on sheep and rabbit blood agar For the detection of hemolytic properties the collected field strains and the reference strains of genera Arcanobacterium and Trueperella were comparably cultivated on both sheep and rabbit blood agar. The components of the blood agar (base) (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany)* was as follows: Nutrient substrate (heart ...

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Levels of miRNAs, miR-194, 29b Markers for Colorectal Cancer

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

3 Pages (1,200 Words)

Circulating levels of the miRNAs, miR-194 and 29b, as clinically useful biomarkers for colorectal cancer Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been reported as the fourth common cause of cancer mortality around the world with considerable health burden (1). Early stage diagnosis of the disease by noninvasive approaches could lead to effective treatment and better consequences (2). In this regard, microRNAs (miRNAs) in a few biological samples may ...

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Hip Joint Rotation Range of Motion (ROM) in Adults

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,718 Words)

Critical Evaluation of Article Summary. To update the available data, P. Kouyoumdjian et al. in the ‘Clinical evaluation of hip joint rotation range of motion (ROM) in adults’, hypothesised that there was symmetry in the hip joint rotation ROM and the results showed no change with regards to patient’s position. 120 healthy Caucasian adults, between 20-60 years old, have been evaluated for external rotation (ER) and ...

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Nutritional Value of Organic Foods

Published Date: 17 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,904 Words)

So Kit Lun ABSTRACT As the international market's demand for organic food is increasing, the health benefits and risks of organic product have raised many much controversy. Today, mainstream literature believe organic foods, especially fruits and vegetables contain higher levels of vitamin C while lower levels of pesticides and nitrates. However, some current reports show that actually there are no different between organic ...

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Focal Infection - The Source of The Pathology

Published Date: 01 Aug 2017 Last Modified: 07 Dec 2017

3 Pages (1,074 Words)

Authour: Jose Leo Lavigne, M.D. - Brazil Abstract Focal infections (IF) are define as the infections that are limited not only to the dental arch, for an example granuloma, as well as the oropharynx, for an example the chronic tonsillitis. Those, from a point of view, based on 50 years of study are responsible for the immune system imbalance and, consequently, for the triggering of ...

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Effect of Ph Level and Hydrogen Peroxide on Catalase

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 05 Dec 2017

4 Pages (1,482 Words)

The investigation was carried out to determine how different ph levels and hydrogen concentrations, affect the activity of catalase in potato during the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to produce water and oxygen. Different variables (independent, dependent and controlled) were put into consideration during the laboratory session to find out how much oxygen was produced. The test was carried out, using potato as a source of catalase and ...

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Broiler Cockerel Production In Semi Intensive System

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 05 Dec 2017

9 Pages (3,247 Words)

Every year billions of egg-type cockerels are produced in the world. The associated breeding industry has become prosperous for egg-type cockerels in terms of meat flavour compared to fast-growing-type broilers. Many researches have been carried out to evaluate the nutritional requirements of broilers; conversely, little research has been performed on the nutritional factors of egg-type cockerels. At present, most diets formulated are uneconomical for the producers of ...

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Effect of Colief Infants Drops Lactose on Intolerant Babies

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 05 Dec 2017

5 Pages (1,922 Words)

Lactose, which is a disaccharide naturally found in milk and dairy products, supplies about 40% energy needs for human babies. However, due to a lack of lactase enzyme in the digestive system, lactose cannot be broken down in the small intestine and then will ferment in the large intestine, producing lactic acid and hydrogen gas. This results in severe discomfort, cramps, bloating, wind, and diarrhoea. Lactose intolerance ...

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Effect of Cooking Methods on Vitamin C

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 05 Dec 2017

9 Pages (3,588 Words)

Abstract This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of various cooking methods on vitamin C concentration in vegetables. Iodine-starch complex was used to titrate against standard solution of vitamin C to obtain a standard graph of vitamin C. Iodine-starch complex was used to titrate against vegetable (yellow Capsicum anuum) juice samples after boiling, steaming and baking in oven. Concentration of vitamin C in vegetables after cooking ...

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Sordaria Fimicola Crossing Over Lab

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 05 Dec 2017

5 Pages (1,655 Words)

ABSTRACT: The objective of this lab was to study and test the sordaria fimicola fungus crossover by determining what color it will yield during meiosis; a cross over that will be between the wild type and the mutant alleles. My hypothesis for this experiment is that all the mutant allele will appear in the final results because at the final phase if meiosis, the mutant allele is ...

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Pest Control Methods in Rice Production

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 05 Dec 2017

7 Pages (2,640 Words)

As a cereal crop, rice has become the staple food for most human population in Asia, including Malaysia. Rice is a commodity that paramount importance in people uses every day. Rice, Oryza sativa L., belongs to the Poacea family. In Malaysia, it is grown in the Peninsular and on Borneo Island. About 300 500 hectares in Malaysia Peninsular and 190 000 hectares in Borneo Islands are devoted ...

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Extracting DNA From Fruit in Various Stages of Ripeness

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 05 Dec 2017

10 Pages (3,889 Words)

INTRODUCTION This life science based experiment will test strawberries in their various stages of ripeness, in order to see which stage will yield the most extractable DNA. An extraction kit will be designed from common household items, such as salt and detergent, in order to purify the DNA so that it is visible to the naked eye and can be weighed. Three degrees of strawberry will be ...

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Blastocystis Hominis and Colorectal Cancer

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 05 Dec 2017

11 Pages (4,216 Words)

Blastocystis hominis (B.hominis) is the most common unicellular protozoan parasite that is found in the human gastrointestinal tract (Windsor et al. 2002). The prevalence of B. hominis in both developed and developing countries is reported to be up to 10% and 50% respectively (Wong et al. 2008; Stenzel and Boreham. 1996). On the other hand, B. hominis shows a diverse morphologies which include vacuolar, granular, amoeboid and ...

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Immunotherapy of Cancer With Monoclonal Antibodies

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 05 Dec 2017

5 Pages (1,657 Words)

Immunoglobulin's are mainly useful in developing antibodies to the antigen which entered into the body and creating immunological disturbances are been lysed. Similarly, Monoclonal antibodies are useful in treating the cancer which is developed from monoclonal hybridomas. These monoclonal antibodies or hybridomas are produced by fusion of antibody producing cells with non-immunoglobulin tumors cells for lysing the cancerous cell. It can lyse or kill the tumors cells ...

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Benefits Of Bioindicators

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 05 Dec 2017

14 Pages (5,242 Words)

Bioindicators, also known as biomarkers, are tools that used in ecology, physiology, environmental microbiology and other disciplines, to detect strain and other environmental conditions surrounding organisms. USEPA stated that biological indicator species are unique environmental indicators as they offer a signal of the biological condition in a watershed as they reveal the pollution status from time to time. The presence of this species can give an early ...

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Investigation Into Gammarus Pulex Population

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 05 Dec 2017

14 Pages (5,473 Words)

The aim of this experiment was to discover whether the presence of vegetation affected the abundance of the species of freshwater shrimp Gammarus pulex. To do this an experiment was carried out involving samples taken from a variety of vegetated and non-vegetated areas. The abundance of the species in each environment was measured and compared and found to be statistically significant. Freshwater shrimp do prefer vegetated areas ...

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Description of Taiwan Napier Elephant Grass

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 05 Dec 2017

6 Pages (2,271 Words)

Pennisetum purpureum particularly Taiwan Napier or elephant grass is a perennial forage crop with high growth rate, high productivity, good nutritive value and mostly used for cut and carry system over the tropical and sub-tropical area of the world (Cook et al., 2005; Wadi et al., 2004). It have been used widely as fodder grasses, these are the grasses that have been shown to be most adaptable ...

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