Development of Hybridoma Cells

23 Nov 2017

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Hybridoma cells are made from fusion of myeloma cells with B-cell lymphocytes obtained from a spleen of immunized host, usually from mouse. Myeloma cells have immortality properties but do not produce antibodies whereas B-cell lymphocytes are antibodies producer but they have short life span. When both cells are fused together, both the properties merge to form hybridoma cell line which is both immortal and produces antibodies ...

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Regional Fruits in India

23 Nov 2017

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Nature has bestowed us with a wide variety of plant resources and their products. Fruits and vegetables are very important food commodities not only in India but all over the world. The fruit and vegetable sector has grown substantially both in volume and in variety of outputs traded globally. Rising incomes, falling transportation costs, improved technologies and developing international agreements have all contributed to this level ...

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Structure and Ecology of E.Coli

23 Nov 2017

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NURUL ATIKAH INTRODUCTION Since the ancient time until today, the modern day area, human had been living with various microorganism like bacteria, archaea, algae, fungi, protozoa and viruses (Pelczar, 2014). Basically they are living in all environment in the world. They exist in the hot spring. Water, soil and even in the air that we breathe. Due to their microscopic size, human are not ...

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Growth and Sporulation of Cryptosporiopsis SPP

23 Nov 2017

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3.1 Pathogenicity test Cashew seedlings inoculated with Cryptosporiopsis conidial suspensions exhibited small brown spots on multiple leaves. Spots enlarged over time and closely resembled spots observed in the field, although disease severity appeared lower than for field plants. Sterile water control did not display any disease symptoms. After 72 h, leaves sprayed with Cryptosporiopsis spp isolate began curling thereafter to developed dark, irregularly shaped spots with ...

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Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: Carbon Isotopic Composition

23 Nov 2017

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Determination of intrinsic water use efficiency of different Mediterranean forest species by carbon isotopic composition Abstract An experiment will be conducted to study the C-13 composition in the tissues of Pinus halepensis, Quercus ilex and Arbutus unedo under different water availability conditions. C-13 composition will be determined using elemental analyser. An ANOVA will be conducted to analyze the composition of C-13 within the plant tissue of ...

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Organisation of the Body

23 Nov 2017

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1.1) Light microscopes can magnify an object to be seen 400-1000 times. Microscopes that allow electron can magnify up to two million times. This allows scientists to see things in more detail such as cells, this result has given doctors and scientists more understanding and function. Light microscopes use a visible light that bends and passes through the lens. Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons ...

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Bioinformatics Analysis of DGAT1 Gene in Domestic Ruminnants

23 Nov 2017

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SIROUS EIDIVANDI Abstract Diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase (DGAT1) gene encodes diacylglyceroltransferase enzyme that playsan important role in glycerol lipid metabolism. DGAT1 is considered to be the key enzyme in controlling the synthesis of triglycerides in adipocytes. This enzyme catalyzes the final step of triglyceride synthesis (transform triacylglycerol (DAG) into triacylglycerol (TAG). A total of 20 DGAT1(8,9Exones) gene sequences belonging to 5 species include cattle (Bos Taurus and BosIndicus), Goats, ...

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PrsA Lipoprotein Promotes Efficient Extracytoplasmic Protein

23 Nov 2017

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“PrsA Lipoprotein Promotes Efficient Extracytoplasmic Protein Secretion with Possible Beneficial Applications for Medicine and Industry”   Abstract This paper explores the essential function of the PrsA-mediated system of influencing the amount and rate of protein secretion from Gram positive cells. During secretion, bacterial proteins face an obstacle course of extremes of charge, pH, unfolding and re-folding into native conformations in order to be of service in the ...

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Oil Degrading Bacteria

23 Nov 2017

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Introduction Oil degrading bacteria are considered as the dominant hydrocarbon which helps in degrading the aquatic systems such as oceans. These bacteria’s are capable of diverse metabolic pathways which enable them to utilize most recalcitrant petroleum hydrocarbons that are not present in fungi. In recent years the microbial biodegradation of pollutants is a sustainable ways to clean up contaminated environment which is strive by the humans. The ...

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Childhood Absence Epilepsy | Case Study

23 Nov 2017

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Childhood absence epilepsy [CAE] is a common form of epilepsy which manifests in ten to seventeen percent of all epilepsy cases (.Matricardi, Verrotti, Chiarelli, Cerminara,Curatolo; 2014). The disease is idiopathic making the disease complex to treat. The purpose of this paper is to examine the mode of action of anticonvulsants in order to understand the therapeutic effects they have on clients with CAE. Etiology, Signs, Symptoms ...

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Non Cirrhotic Intrahepatic Portal Hypertension (NCIPH) Cause

23 Nov 2017

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Role of complement factors, ADAMTS13 and Von Willebrand factor in pathogenesis of non cirrhotic intrahepatic portal hypertension (NCIPH) in humans Hypothesis: Cytokine induced up regulation of Von Willebrand factor (VWF) on microvascular endothelial cells, coupled with shear stress, altered complement activation. Deficiency of ADAMTS13 protease facilitates formation of microvascular thrombi within the liver resulting in portal hypertension. Aim 1: Examine circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines ...

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KT-MT Interactions During Pro-metaphase and Metaphase Stages

23 Nov 2017

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Introduction An essential part of cell proliferation in eukaryotes is the accurate segregation of sister chromatids to opposite poles of the cell during mitosis. Previous studies have shown that error in this process – mis-segregation of chromosomes – generates aneuploidy cells which are linked to human diseases like cancers and congenital disorders (1, 2). Forces generated by microtubules (MTs) upon linked kinetochores (KTs) is the major ...

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Balance of Brain Oxytocin and Vasopressin

23 Nov 2017

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Balance of brain oxytocin and vasopressin: implications for anxiety, depression, and social behaviors Introduction As early as 1950s, the pituitary hormones oxytocin (OXT) and vasopressin or arginine vasopressin (AVP) have been studied across vertebrates (Choleris et al, 2013). The structure of both neuropeptides appeared to be highly homogenous, distinguishable by only two positions in their nine amino acids sequences (Cohen, J., 2005). Although they are structurally ...

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21st Century Trends in Human Health

23 Nov 2017

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Human Health in the 21st Century: Global Trends, Developments and Challenges Ntsebo Immaculate Molapo Introduction The twentieth century saw the introduction of many antimicrobials and antibiotics which have been efficient in reducing the mortality rate from 797 deaths per 100000 people in 1900 to 36 per 100000 in 1980 (Arsmtrong, et al., 1999). Although there is a decline in the twentieth century, there are ...

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Identification of Micro-Organisms Assesment

23 Nov 2017

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With Bacteria as can be seen by the following table a process of elimination can be utilised to identify a previously unknown micro-organism but it is a time consuming and potentially costly process. In the Pathology Laboratory set up clinical information from the clinical staff would give the technical staff pointers to narrow the field and facilitate a prompt identification so that early treatment can be ...

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Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

23 Nov 2017

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The mysteries gathered from nature have led to the expansion of biomimetic approaches for the growth of advanced nanomaterials. Biological methods for nanoparticle production using microorganisms, enzymes, and plants or plant extracts have been recommended as possible ecofriendly alternatives to chemical and physical methods. Here, we report extracellular mycosynthesis of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl (1912). On treating iron (III) chloride (FeCl3, 6H2O) solution ...

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Diseases and Insect Pest Management

23 Nov 2017

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Barley is exposed to various diseases and insect pests responsible for heavy reduction in yield and quality. Though barley is attacked by many pathogens but few are economically important in India, which need attention through resistance breeding or chemical control. In India, stripe rust / yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. hordeii) and leaf rust/ brown rust (Puccinia hordei) are major problems in NWPZ, while in NEPZ ...

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Role of Xpd Gene in Development of Squamous Cell Carcinoma

23 Nov 2017

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“ROLE OF XPD GENE IN DEVELOPMENT OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF HEAD AND NECK” Ritika Mishra ABSTRACT In the present global health, cancer is emerging as the most dangerous death causing disease. Head and neck cancer has become one of the common ailments today and considered as a complex disease. Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck accounts for 3.5% of all the registered cancer ...

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Diagnostic Performance of MRI for PE

23 Nov 2017

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Title:Diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging for pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis Highlights: This study was performed to analyze the diagnostic performance of MRI for PE. High sensitivity and specificity of MRI diagnosis for PE was proved. MRI diagnosis had low missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis rates in detecting PE. MRI had strong discriminative ability for confirming PE. Good diagnostic performance of MRI for PE was proved. ...

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In Vitro Stem Cell Study Assays

23 Nov 2017

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In Vitro Stem Cell Study Assays (colony assays, embryoid bodies, neurosphere, liquid culture) The introduction of proper methods for the assessment of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can lead to the full realization of the potential of these cells in biomedical research and devising strategies for the treatment of human diseases. Currently, the in vitro colony-forming cell assay is perhaps the most specific and sensitive procedure ...

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Heart and Neural Crest Derivatives-Expressed Protein 2

23 Nov 2017

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Introduction Heart- and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAND2 gene. HAND2 (also known as dHAND) is a 24 kDa, class B member of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors superfamily. This gene product is one of two closely related family members, the HAND proteins, which are asymmetrically expressed in the developing ventricular chambers and play an essential ...

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Shotgun Proteomics Analysis of Foc TR4

23 Nov 2017

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DISCUSSION Despite the fact that several fungal pathogens during early development has been studied by shotgun-based quantitative proteomics analysis (Cagas et al. 2011; Oh et al. 2010; Suh et al. 2012), no study has been conducted on the fungal pathogen, Foc TR4, that causes the most important lethal disease of banana, resulting in substantial losses to the worldwide banana crop (Li et al. 2012). In this ...

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Molecular Mechanism of Sepsis

23 Nov 2017

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Title: Protein-protein interaction network and functional module analysis to reveal the mechanism of sepsis in polytrauma patients Highlights: We explored the molecular basis of sepsis induced by polytrauma using PPI network. A total of 342 DEGs including 110 up- and 232 down-regulated genes were obtained. TRAF3 was related with the innate immune responses in sepsis. ITGB3 was the key gene involved in coagulation dysregulation in ...

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Introduction to Prokaryotes

23 Nov 2017

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The prokaryotes are a group composed of millions of genetically different unicellular microorganism. They have a low structural diversity, however are genetically and physiologically very diverse (Kenneth Todar, 2009). Particular traits help to assemble or distinguish, particular group of prokaryotic organisms to microbiologists. The classification scheme is dominated by the prokaryotes phylogeny. In the phylogenic Tree of Life, prokaryotes are divided into 2 domains: Archaea ...

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Biological Control as a Pest Management Strategy

23 Nov 2017

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Several researches were carried out by different organisations in Mauritius to implement biological control in Mauritius as a component of our local Integrated Pest Management strategies. However, it can still be observed that most of the natural enemies which have been introduced over the past few years are unable to match up with their expected efficacy on the field. Only a portion of the introduced natural ...

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Causes of Horse Injuries: Deep Digital Flexor Tendon Injury

23 Nov 2017

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The study of the cause of injury to the deep digital flexor tendon and suspensory ligament Ellen Knight   The aim of my investigation is to discover what makes horses more susceptible to certain injuries (i.e. genetics, anatomy, career, conformation). The essay discusses various factors that cause horses to injure their deep digital flexor tendon and suspensory ligament. There are many factors to consider ...

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Isoenzymes-therapeutic Targets in Cancer

23 Nov 2017

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3. Isoenzymes-therapeutic targets in cancer The technological advances that have occurred over the past decade and the increasing number of evidences that have emerged from previous studies, show a wide array of metabolic rewiring in cancer cells compared to normal cells. Many metabolic enzymes which are specific to important metabolic pathways and which are altered in cancer cells have been identified. These enzymes help in mediating ...

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Impact of Excessive Sugar Intake

23 Nov 2017

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HeeSung Kim Sugar Alert: The Friendly Assassinator “Sweet!” People use the word as a replacement for awesome as much as they love sweet things. Indeed, sweetness is the first taste a newborn baby recognizes, and it is crucial for living; it gives energy and is important as the sole energy source of the brain (Sigelman & Rider 184). While people have heard that sugar ...

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Investigation of Takatu Flora

23 Nov 2017

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SELECTED FLORA OF TAKATU AREA, OF BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN. Mohammad Imran, Mohammad Anwar, Habibullah.   ABSTRACT: A general survey for investigation of Takatu Flora was taken at Takatu Mountain along with its periphery. The investigations were conducted in 2013-14. Mainly 52 species were collected belonging to 24 families and were identified through available literature. Though the area is having diversity in floristic composition, the collection of the ...

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Carbohydrate-loading Before Athletic Event

23 Nov 2017

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Cheney Firman Should an ultra-marathon runner ‘carb-load’ before an event?   Introduction Carbohydrate-loading or carbo-loading is a diet that consists of carbohydrates in a high consumption to increase an athlete’s performance. Carbohydrates are the body’s primary source of energy and with eating this food group, it allows for energy to be sustained for long distance athletes. The carbo-loading diet involves training and nutrition that maximises ones ...

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Analysis of Urine Samples Using Chemstrips

23 Nov 2017

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Julia Pendexter Sarah, Kayla, and Albert Introduction The urinary system, composed of two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, and one urethra, plays an important role in removing waste from fluid found in the bloodstream to regulate the volume and composition of blood through the production and excretion of urine. The kidneys filter toxins, metabolic waters, and excess ions to leave the body in urine ...

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Development of Ant Insecticide

23 Nov 2017

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INTRODUCTION With the increasing number of ants that already been recognized as a major pest ant (Chong et al., 2002), a few natural ant control has been developed. Ants cause a lot of trouble in houses, offices, hospitals, premises and other places (Chong et al., 2002).Problems associated with ants are food contamination, contamination of surgical equipment in hospitals, also act as mechanical vectors for ...

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Molecular Genetics Survey in Liza auratus of Caspian Sea

23 Nov 2017

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ABSTRACT To study the biological characteristics and physical appearance, morph metric and electrophoric records, and the genetic characteristics of Liza aurauts, polymorphism, transferrin, hemoglobin, total number of proteins and the analysis of electrophoresis are performed in Tonekabon and Larim regions across the coastlines of Mazandaran Sea (Globally know as Caspian Sea) in 2013. Based on the random sampling of 200 Liza auratus obtained by fishing in ...

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Effects of Single-incision Laparoscopic Appendectomy (SILA)

23 Nov 2017

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Title: Single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy versus conventional 3-port laparoscopic appendectomy for appendicitis patients: Ameta-analysisof randomized controlled trials Abstract Purpose To analysis and discuss clinical effects of single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SILA) and conventional 3-port laparoscopic appendectomy (3-port LA) for appendicitis patients, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) through collecting published data. Methods RCTs comparing the effects of SILA and 3-port LA were searched for in ...

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Plasma Homosysteine Levels in Alzheimer’s Disease

23 Nov 2017

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Increased Plasma Homosysteine Levels Precede Early Intraneuronal β-amyloid Pathology and Cognitive Impairment in a Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Ming Ying1, a, Zhijun Huang1, c, Zhonghao Zhanga, Quan Mab, Junjun Wanga, Jiazuan Nia,*, Xifei Yang1, b,* Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disease. Homocysteine (Hcy) has been implicated as a risk factor for the onset of AD; however, there ...

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Pathogens And Diseases: An Introduction

23 Nov 2017

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Oluwakemi Yusuf Page 1 Pathogens And Diseases Pathogens are biological agents that cause or can cause infection when they get inside a living system. They are mainly micro-organisms with the ability to replicate at a very high rate when they gain access to the substrate in a living thing: plants and animals. Access to cells, tissues and organs of a living thing may alter ...

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Effect of Sugar Structure on Rate of Fermentation

23 Nov 2017

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ÇaÄŸla Sözen “How does the structure of sugar affect the rate of fermentation?” A) Introduction 1) Abstract: 2) Background Information: Living things need to obtain energy in order to sustain their presence by performing their vital activities. For most of the vital activities energy is a must have concept. Cellular respiration is an example fort he process of obtaining energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine ...

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Controlling Pol II Pausing

23 Nov 2017

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Traditional studies on eukaryotic gene regulation were mostly based on yeast, which emphasized Pol II recruitment as the main regulatory step within the transcription cycle, with little regulation following PIC formation. However, during the past three decades, more and more evidence in metazoan systems revealed that much of the regulation occurs during early elongation, through controlling Pol II pausing and releasing paused Pol II into productive ...

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Cell-cell Interaction in Embryo Development

23 Nov 2017

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The formation of vulva depends upon a second round of cell-cell interaction. The anchor cell (located in the gonad) and six precursor cells (located in the skin adjacent to the gonad) are involved in this interaction. The precursor cells are collectively called Pn.p cells, which contains cells named as P3.p to P8.p. The fate of these cells is determined by its position relative to the anchor ...

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Pathway Crosstalk Analysis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

23 Nov 2017

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Pathway Crosstalk Analysis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Based on Microarray Gene Expression Profiling Chunyan Xing,MM, Ronghua Zhang,MM, Jiyun Cui,MM, Yonghong Li,BM, Guanhua Li,MM, Yanna Yang,MM, Longbin Pang,MM, Xiaoyun Ruan,MM, Jun Li*,MM Department of Respiration, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China   Abstract Aims and background: Lung cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissue of the lung. A ...

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Extracting DNA From Living Samples

23 Nov 2017

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Karen Stevenson Tissue Samples. Introduction Collecting DNA samples from animals is often difficult and stressful for the animal, so non-invasive methods of collection are needed. Extracting DNA from animals usually involves one of three methods: Destructive sampling involves the organism having to be killed to get the tissues needed for genetic analysis.Non-destructive or invasive methods require a tissue biopsy or blood sample. These are ...

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Effects of Automobile Chemicals on Plant Life

23 Nov 2017

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Contents Introduction and Statement of Purpose Review of Liturature Hypothesis Methodology Data Results Conclusion Works Cited Acknowledgements Appendix Definitions of Technical Terms Introduction and Statement of Purpose The purpose of this project was to find which chemical, which would be released in a car crash, would be the worst for the surrounding plant and animal life. The inspiration for this project came when driving ...

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Effect of Polymer Combinations on Syzygium Cumini

23 Nov 2017

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COMPARAIVE STUDY OF EFFECT OF DIFFERENT POLYMERS COMBINATIONS ON ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF HERBAL GEL OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI Abstract The present study involved comparative study of effect of various polymer combinations on topical gel of Syzygium Cumini & their antimicrobial activities since combinations of polymers enhances the bioavailability, permeation and drug delivery. Results of study revealed a stable, elegant formulation of Syzygium Cumini gel. The best polymer ...

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Canonical Notch Signaling Pathway

22 Nov 2017

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The Notch signal protein receptors are produced at ER, in Golgi are cleaved by a furin-like protease at S1 site, generating a heterodimeric receptor which is non-covalently expressed on the cell surface[11].The canonical Notch signaling initiate along with cell to cell ligands and receptors interaction which is non-covalently binding. With the binding successive cleavages occur in the transmembrane region of Notch protein, at S2 cleavage site ...

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Responses to UV and IR in PBL

22 Nov 2017

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Bioinformatics analysis for identifying responses to ultraviolet radiation and ionizing radiation in peripheral blood lymphocytes Highlights: Top 100 feature genes were classified into 4 clusters. p53 signaling pathway and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway were involved in responses to UV and IR. CDKN1A, GADD45A, CDK4 and SHMT2 were hub nodes in PPI network. Abstract Purpose: This study was aimed to explore the underlyingmechanisms of responses to ...

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Purification of Immunoglobulin G by Ion-Exchange

22 Nov 2017

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Purification of Immunoglobulin G by Ion-Exchange Chromatography and Immunoelectropheresis William McTavish Joseph Zappa Introduction Immunoglobins or, Antibodies, are soluble proteins secreted from host differentiated plasma cells that target and eliminate specific antigens to protect the host from disease (Jakoby,1971). There are five isotypes of immunoglobulin: IgM, IgD, IgA , IgE and IgG, with IgG being the most prominent antibody found in blood circulation of the host. ...

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Structure and Function of the Human Eye

22 Nov 2017

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James Stenson Regulation and Control 2 3.2 & 3.3 Neurons are small in size, microscopic. They consist normally with a cell body, dendrites and an axon. However they are all differentiated in structure as they are related to their function. Sensory Neurons - These are called afferent neurons. This means an impulse moving towards a point or the central nervous system. As the name ...

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Should 1080 Be Used to Control Forest Pests in New Zealand?

22 Nov 2017

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Caitlin Boraman Introduction 1080, Sodium Fluoroacetate, is a pesticide used in New Zealand to control forest pests such as, possums Phalangeriformes sp.[1], rats Rattus sp.[2] and stoats Mustela erminea sp.[3] These pests are a large threat to New Zealand’s native plants and birds, therefore, it is essential that they are controlled in some way to ensure the survival of our native species. 1080 offers ...

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Ocular Manifestations of Mucopolysacchridosis

22 Nov 2017

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Ocular manifestations of mucopolysacchridosis Praddep Sagar Arsikere, Pradeep Venkatesh, Yog Raj Sharma Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of disorders caused by the inherited deficiency of lysosomal enzymes involved in the metabolism of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), resulting in the widespread intracellular and extracellular accumulation of GAG. <Sayani: Check spelling of sulfate/sulphate>> Type Gene Deficient enzyme GAG deposited IInheritance pattern Hurler syndrome (MPS I-H) ...

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Overview of Antibiotic Resistance

22 Nov 2017

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ANTIBIOTIC RESITANCE: A SIMPLE REVIEW Camila dos Santos Ferro 2014 ABSTRACT During the 20th century medicine evolved and improved, discovering new drugs as an example the antibiotic class. The antibiotic provided a technological development of medicine in combating infectious diseases and helped reduce the amount of deaths for that time. However, during the last century, these diseases started to increase again and the old drugs started ...

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Features and Functions of Cells

22 Nov 2017

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DNA Testing Provided its uniqueness in each individual, DNA has found many uses in the medical and criminal investigation fields. In the medical field, scientists use DNA analysis to determine paternity. In the criminal investigation field, scientists use DNA analysis to identify suspects in criminal investigations. Nonetheless, identification of people using DNA analysis is not foolproof. DNA is an acronym for deoxyribonucleic acid. It occurs in ...

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Effects of Host and Vector Diversity on Disease Dynamics

22 Nov 2017

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Abstract Disease dynamics are affected by a number of factors including climate change, density of the population, and the interactions of different species with each other. It was also found however that host and vector diversity can also have a major impact on disease dynamics. Research on these two variables has not been as extensive as it should be considering the effect they have. The research ...

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Links Between Creativity and Depression

22 Nov 2017

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Sasha Robinson and Chenéy Firman Source A – When humour hides heartache. (Farley, K., 2014. When humour hides heartache. Sunday Tribune, p. 4.) People with depression are said to have humorous characteristics as they often make realistic, observational jokes. Comedians and creativity are often associated with this statement. Robin Williams, a suicide victim buried his suffering behind his humour, along with many other well-known comedians/entertainers. ...

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Life Cycle of Spodoptera Litura

22 Nov 2017

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Insects have been around for more than 400 million years and it could be argued that they are the most successful and enduring life form that has ever arisen on this planet. Insects are abundant and ubiquitous. From the poles to the equator, from the surface of the sea to the highest peaks and from deserts to rain forests it is estimated that there are somewhere ...

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BlcR Protein from Agobacterium Tumefaciens

22 Nov 2017

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CHAPTER 1 A General Introduction to BlcR protein from Agobacterium tumefaciens INTRODUCNTION Transcription factors and regulation mechanisms Transcription factors regulate various biological important processes by binding to specific genes and regulating gene expression. The biophysical and structural studies in the last decades revealed that the regulation mechanisms of transcription factors can be classified into two groups, one as classical allosteric modulation of DNA binding modules, and ...

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Homeostasis, Co-Ordination and Control

22 Nov 2017

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Sophie Jesuthasan TAQ- Homeostasis, Co-Ordination and Control and the Excretory System   TAQ 1 What is homeostasis? (96 words) Homeostasis is the process of maintaining internal equilibrium, regardless of external influences. Every internal process has a desirable environment, known as the norm, at which operations are carried out most effectively e.g. maintaining a temperature a constant core body temperature. Any deviation from the norm ...

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Organisation of the Body

22 Nov 2017

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Lisa Rann     Light Microscope Electron Microscope How they work A light ray is beamed from a source beneath the specimen and transmitted through the objective and ocular lenses to produce a focused colour image on the retina of the eye when viewed through the eyepiece. Specimen is mounted ...

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Low pH-induced Insertion Peptide

22 Nov 2017

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Xinyi Huang As we all know, the cell membrane is a biological membrane that can separate the cell interior from the outside environment. The cell membrane is alternatively permeable and able to control what enters and exits the cell, thereby promoting the transport of molecules needed for survival. The cell membrane works as a selective filter and can only allow certain molecules to get ...

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Marine Genomes in Nanoparticles (NPs) Synthesis

22 Nov 2017

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Nanotechnology is an emerged filed of research with potential of applications in biomolecular detection (Shedbalkar et al., 2014), catalysis (Kim et al., 2003), optical devices (Kamat, 2002), cancer treatments (Dobson, 2006; Cai et al., 2008), crop preservation (Mohammed Fayaz et al., 2010), bioremediation (Grazyna Bystrzejewska-Piotrowska et al., 2009) and in textile industries for cotton finishing (Hebeish et al., 2011). The varieties of the physical and chemical ...

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Development of Glass Ionomer Cement 1980-2000

22 Nov 2017

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Glass Ionomer Cement 1980-2000 Between 1980 till 2000 two variations of the glass ionomer cement from 1969 was developed: light polymerised liquid resin component and glass ionomer cement modified by metal inclusion1. Second generation glass ionomer - 1980 Water-hardening GIC WHGIC are supplied as Polyacid liuid or powder. The presence of polyacid wither increases viscosity or molecular weight of the liquid, making the material harder to ...

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Optimizing US/MB-mediates Gene Transfer to Treg

22 Nov 2017

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Title: Research on effect of ultrasound/SonoVue microbubble on Treg cell viability and optimized parameters for its transfection Running title: optimizing US/MB-mediates gene transfer to Treg Highlights: US promoted proliferation of Treg cells; Increasing of MB inhibited proliferation of Treg cells; Offered optimized parameters for transfection of Treg cells. Abstract-----The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasound (US) and SonoVue microbubble ...

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Developing Antimicrobial Peptides Agents

22 Nov 2017

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Abstract: Antibiotics have gained great success in the battle between human and infectious diseases. However, the abuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of the alarming number of resistance bacteria. Novel agents are urgently needed to treat these illnesses. Based on the the conserved sequences of antimicrobial peptides of insects (mainly Diptera) from different antimicrobial peptide databases, thirty-seven pairs of degenerate primers were designed, and ...

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Development of Wound Healing Technology

22 Nov 2017

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Skin is the largest organ of the human body. It comprises of two fundamental layers – the epidermis and the dermis. The surface layer is known as the epidermis and it is made up of a number of sheets of skin cells. Beneath the epidermis, the dermis layer is found which consists of elastic fibres (elastin), and protein fibres (collagen). Elastin provides the skin with suppleness, ...

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Inheritance in Chromosomes & Blood Groups

22 Nov 2017

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Rumana Anam Question Answers on inheritance in chromosomes & blood groups Q1 – Explain all types of inheritance highlighting the monohybrid and co dominant inheritance in particular. Inheritance is the genetic traits and characteristics that are passed on from the parent to the next generation of offspring. There are a few types of Inheritance, Dominant-Recessive, Incomplete Dominance, Co Dominant, Sex Limited, Sex Linked and ...

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Manipulation of Reproduction in Animals

22 Nov 2017

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Introduction Animals are an important source of high protein in food, leather and fibre which we humans have been using since ancient times. In India, milk products and milk have become an inherent part of civilization. Even in a small festival, demands of milk products and milk increases as several food items and milk based sweets are prepared. However, the milk demands could not keep pace ...

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Role of Complement Factors on NCIPH

22 Nov 2017

4 (1,497 )

Role of complement factors, ADAMTS13 and Von Willebrand factor in pathogenesis of non cirrhotic intrahepatic portal hypertension (NCIPH) in humans Introduction. (You need to start with background on gut-liver axis, the fact that bacterial infections in gut can induce inflammatory mediators which come to liver through mesenteric-portal vein). The complement system is a fundamental element of the innate immune system as well as the adaptive immune ...

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Effects of Vitamin B12 and Omega 3 on NGF, VEGF and HIF-1

22 Nov 2017

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1. Introduction Maternal micronutrient deficiencies are a cause of concern in low and middle-income countries (Salam et al., 2014) and have been shown to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (Diaz et al., 2003). Reports have also established that maternal nutrition plays a key role in fetal brain development (Oliver et al., 2007; McMillen et al., 2008). In developing countries like India, which has a large ...

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Nanotechnology & Food Quality

22 Nov 2017

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Sahar Traboulsi Nanotechnology is being used in food in a very wide spectrum. It is applied in food from the stage of growing it till the stage of packaging by using different machines, different systems and at a certain scale which is less than 100 nanometers as defined by the Royal Society. This subject was going under research where two Agency research projects were ...

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Can fMRIs Determine if a Defendant is Lying?

22 Nov 2017

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Review Paper Can the Brain Imaging Technique fMRI be used to Identify if a Defendant is Lying? S. Ludlow a Abstract Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), a rapidly developing neuroimaging technology, is frequently a focus of research to determine whether the brain images obtained from fMRI scanning can be used to reliably identify whether an individual is lying. The research provides strong evidence that ...

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Screening for Biomarkers of Aging

22 Nov 2017

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Identification of biomarkers for aging based on DNA microarray data Highlights: Totally, 43 time series-related lncRNAs were screened. A total of 11 clusters of 41 lncRNAs were identified. CYP51 and FDPS were mainly enriched in pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis. MFAP3 and MFAP5 were significantly enriched in pathway of elastic ï¬Âbre formation. Abstract Background: The age-related disorders including cancers, chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases become ...

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Antigens and their Phenotypes Among Blood

22 Nov 2017

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Seroepidemiologic evaluation of Kell ØŒ Kidd, Duffy and Lutheran systems   Authors: Farzad Molahosseini Foomani Seyyede Fateme Shams Zahra Arianpour Mostafa Moghaddam Reihane Bazargani Faramarz Alipour Talesh   Abstract: Background and Objectives: 30 blood group systems which include more than 302 antigens are detected. Some antigens are numerous and some are very rare. Exposure to mismatch erythrocyte antigens in transfusion, generate different Alloantibodies. It ...

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Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia Coli

22 Nov 2017

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ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN Escherichia coli BY CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Method Results Discussion References Abstract Bacteria are singled microorganisms which have a simple structure. Majority if the bacteria contain an extrachromosomal DNA which has an autonomous replication. Plasmids are circular and double stranded DNA which contain an origin of replication, antibody resistance marker and a region where gene of interest can be cloned. ...

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Pathophysiology of the Acute Pulmonary Oedema (APO)

22 Nov 2017

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Introduction The aim of this paper is to reflect upon the pathophysiology of the acute pulmonary oedema (Apo) and its relation to the patient’s existing condition of chronic renal failure (CRF). The physical assessment of the patients will be discussed accordingly that underpins the presenting symptoms. CKR has four stages from mild damage to the end-stage kidney failure but none of them have been mentioned in ...

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Lethal Impact of p-Nonylphenol on Snake Head Fish

22 Nov 2017

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Lethal impact of p-Nonylphenol on snake head fish, Channa punctatus(Bloch, 1793) D.P. Khandale, N.A. Adbale, P.J. Khinch and A.M. Chilke   Abstract: Para-Nonylphenol (NP) is an organic phenolic compound present in the domestic and most of the industrial discharge. It has extensive impact on the plants and animals. However, fish is highly responsive aquatic vertebrate as far as toxic effects of xenobioticsubstances are concerned. When the ...

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Effects of Different Respiratory Expansion Methods

22 Nov 2017

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INTRODUCTION A pneumothorax is defined as a collapse of lung due to air in the pleural space. A pneumothorax without secondary causes, such as trauma or surgical intervention, is classified as a spontaneous pneumothorax. Treatment options for a pneumothorax include medical follow-up, fine-needle aspiration, percutaneous catheter drainage, tube thoracostomy, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), and thoracostomy (1, 2). Pneumothoraces assessed radiologically that occupy 20% of the lung ...

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Relationship Between Adiponectin and Insulin Sensitivity

22 Nov 2017

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Plasma concentrations of adiponectin and insulin sensitivity change during oligofructose induced equine laminitis development. Renli Jianga b,Gangying Wanga and Xinran Lia   Summary REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY: The roles and the relationship between adiponectin and insulin sensitivity during oligofructose induced equine laminitis development are incompletely understood. OBJECTIVES: To determine the temporal roles and relationship between adiponectin and insulin sensitivity during oligofructose induced laminitis development. ...

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Symptoms and Causes of Graves’ Disease

22 Nov 2017

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Seritia Gayles There are several different diseases and disorders that are caused by the endocrine system. Endocrine systems are made up of a gland that make and also relinquishes hormones that assist in the regulation of body functions. It also essentially helps with the body’s capacity to transition calories that create energy for the cells and also the organs. The endocrine system impacts the ...

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Micronephthys Sphaerocirrata: Nephtyidae in Sub-Tidal Areas

22 Nov 2017

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The First Report of Micronephthys Sphaerocirrata: Nephtyidae in Sub-Tidal Areas of Chabahar Bay Arash Shakouri*1, Esmaeil Dehani2   Abstract This study was conducted to identify Micronephthys sphaerocirrata species in sub-tidal areas of Chabahar Bay during the time period from June 2013 to February 2014. The study area is located in south-east of Iran Oman - Sistan and Baluchistan coast. The sampling was performed from Shahid Beheshti, ...

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Properties of Prunus Persica Linn

22 Nov 2017

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Review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Prunus persica Linn. Monika Rana *1, Deepak Kashyap2, Atul Kabra3   ABSTRACT Prunus persica Linn. Batsch (Family: Rosaceae), commonly known as Peach tree in English and Aru in Hindi, is native to Persia, China and also distributed in Australia, India and USA. Traditionally, the plant used in the treatment of constipation, laryngitis, menostasis, dermopathy and contusion. The major ...

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Effect of Positive Airway Pressure on Endothelial Function

22 Nov 2017

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Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on endothelial function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-regression analysis Abstract Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is related to the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold standard treatment for OSA. Previous studies assessing the effect of CPAP on endothelial function in OSA have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, our aim is to perform ...

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Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) | Report

22 Nov 2017

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Ali Kumail Cancer Biology (Bio 428/522) assignment on Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) FGFs play vital roles in regulating cell proliferation, migration, survival and differentiation during the development of the embryo, and apart from embryo development they are also involved in adult tissue homeostasis, and wound healing, they do this by organizing angiogenesis. Gene amplification, chromosomal translocation and mutations are few of the several ways ...

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Preclinical Screening of Trypanocidal Drugs

22 Nov 2017

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Evaluating the developmental toxicity of trypanocidal nitroaromatic compounds on zebrafish Grace Buchanan-Kilbey1, Joshua Djumpah1, Maria V. Papadopoulou2, Lonqin Hu3, Shane R. Wilkinson1 and Rachel Ashworth1*   running title: Preclinical screening of trypanocidal drugs Abstract Current therapies against African and American trypanosomiasis are problematic and with no immediate prospect of a vaccine there is an urgent need for cheap, more effective treatments. To aid the drug discovery ...

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Analysis of VP28 Gene in White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection

22 Nov 2017

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Temporal analysis of VP28 gene in White spot syndrome virus infected fresh water crabs Chiin Nei Chinga, Mansi Parihara, R. Sudhakaranb* aSchool of Bioscience and Technology, VIT University, Vellore – 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India. *bAssistant professor, SBST, VIT University, Vellore – 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India. ABSTRACT Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic plants. Disease emergence is ...

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Benefits of a Genetically Enhanced Pig

22 Nov 2017

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How successful would the Enviro-pig be if released into the general pig population in terms of longevity of the trait and continued benefits to the environment? And do the ethical issues stacked against the Enviro-pig validate its modified presents in the genepool? DNA is the foundation of all genetic material found in every living organism on earth. Commonly known as its full name Deoxyribonucleic acid, it ...

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Types of Muscle and Features

22 Nov 2017

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4. Muscle Muscle is one of the four major types of tissue in animals. It is a soft tissue primarily responsible to create movement by the transformation from chemical (ATP) to mechanical energy. It is characterized by the following functions: contractile move and gravitational stability of body matters during circulation, defecation, respiration, urination, digestion, and childbirth (Purves et al., 2004; Carpenter, 2007). There are three histological ...

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Carotenoid Enhance Immune System

22 Nov 2017

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There is growing evidence from in vitro and in vivo laboratory animal studies that β-carotene can protect phagocytic cells from autoxidative damage, enhance T and B lymphocyte proliferative responses, stimulate effector T cell functions and enhance macrophage, cytotoxic T cell and natural killer cell tumoricidal capacities, as well as increase the production of certain interleukins. Because of their molecular composition, specifically their highly conjugated double-bond structure ...

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Feed Additives for Swine

22 Nov 2017

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Feed additives are non-nutritive feed ingredients that are used in swine to improve production efficiency and performance. In the absence of feed additives in the diet, no deficiency symptoms will result. However, if feed additives are chosen carefully based on the farm needs, they may help increase the profitability of pig production. There are various types of feed additives which have different functions such as increase ...

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Regulating Salt and Water in the Body

22 Nov 2017

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As the human body is constantly exposed to changes in its external environment, it is important that it maintains a constant internal environment in order to survive. This process is what is referred to as homeostasis. This regulation of the body’s internal environment is essential in order to keep the systems within the body operational. As stated by World Book Online, these reactions within the body ...

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Effects of Time of Day on Speed of Recovery Heart Rate

22 Nov 2017

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Anita Massoudi Investigating the effects of time of day on the speed of recovery heart rate to resting levels after exercise Introduction and rationale The purpose of the following investigation is to establish whether there is any relation between the recovery of one's heart rate to resting levels after performing cardiovascular exercise, and the time of the day that such exercise is performed. Scientific ...

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High Throughput Screening of Drug Design

22 Nov 2017

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Jyoti Tukaram Bhakare INTRODUCTION During the ancient times drugs were discovered by studying and identifying active material from traditional remedies. Later many techniques have been developed to screen the synthetic small molecules, natural products, extract in the cell or whole organism to identify whether the specific molecule or drug shows its therapeutic effects on target, this process is known as classical pharmacology. Effect ...

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Protective Effect of Resveratrol | Study

22 Nov 2017

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Chapter 3 5.3. Experiments Following Fluoride Exposure and Resveratrol Supplementation   5.3.5. Effect of resveratrol on fluoride-induced alteration of thyroid metabolic activity The changes in tissue DNA and RNA level of rat thyroid have been represented in Figure 23 and 24. Resveratrol supplementation in fluoride-intoxicated rats restored the decreased DNA content of thyroid by 15.46% (p<0.001) as compared to the treated group. Vitamin C exhibited better ...

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Candidate Genes Related to Atherosclerosis

21 Nov 2017

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Identification of the Candidate Genes in the Progression of Atherosclerosis by Bioinformatics Analysis Running title: Candidate genes related to atherosclerosis Highlights: A total of 670 DEGs in atherosclerotic samples were obtained. KIAA0101 may be a crucial molecule in atherosclerosis by binding with PCNA. TRAC may participate in atherosclerosis by binding with MHC antigen. PLXNC1 and HLA-DQB1 may play a key role in atherosclerosis via immune ...

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Moths as Ecological Indicators

21 Nov 2017

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Abstract Nothing has more substantially covered the dangerous and unpredictable nature of anthropogenic activities like climate change and which, according to predictions can cause an increase in overall temperature of the earth, change the land use pattern, bring storms and heavy rains, provide a drier climate and forcefully migrate millions of people and other organisms. However the uncertain nature of the changes ...

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Is It Possible for Zombies to Exist?

21 Nov 2017

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Nisha Gurung Do zombies really exist? And is mankind in danger of developing zombies? Humans are considered as an apex predator, as we have greater intelligence and adaptability compared to other living beings; making us unique. As living beings, human has the most impressive immune system compared to other animals, however we can also suffer through several illnesses no matter how serious or not ...

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Population Analysis for Diabetes Mellitus

21 Nov 2017

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Diabetes Mellitus According to Figure 1 the variation of the mean fasting blood glucose in males and females from the period 1980 - 2008 is shown below. Source: WHO - NCD Country Profiles, 2011 An upward trend in DM prevalence (Katulanda, et al., 2006) was reported among urban population who adopt westernized life style patterns and have higher income, compared with rural population involved in ...

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Measurement of Anti-T.gondii IgG antibody

21 Nov 2017

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VIDAS Method for the Measurement Anti-T.gondii IgG antibody: Principle: The assay principle a two-step enzyme immune assay sandwich methods with a final fluorescent detection (ELFA). The solid phase Receptacle (SPR) has been used as the solid phase also as pipetting device for the assay. Reagent for the assay have been ready-to-used and pre-dispensed in the sealed reagent strips. The assay steps have been performed automatically by ...

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Survival Percentage Analysis of Pistachio Cultivars

21 Nov 2017

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Comparison of survival percentage of three varieties of pistachio under drought and salinity stress showed there is a significant different among pistachio varieties tolerance to drought and salinity condition. In drought stress, Sarakhs and Akbari showed the highest and lowest tolerance respectively (Figure1 A), while the results of salinity stress On the contrary and demonstrate that Akbari and Sarakhs showed the lowest and highest tolerance, respectively ...

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Genome Sequence of P. Acnes ED1 Strain

21 Nov 2017

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Abstract Propionibacterium acnes is a Gram-positive bacterium that forms part of the normal human microbiota. P. acnes is pervasive on human skin and under specific conditions can be an opportunistic pathogen. The draft genome sequence of P. acnes ED1 strain, which was isolated from a hip implant, was examined in order to investigate the genomic biology of these pathogens. Various methods were used in order to ...

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Computational Models of Tooth Morphogenesis

21 Nov 2017

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Tooth development constitutes a particularly interesting model for studying such epithelio-mesenchymal interactions (38, 39) and is an excellent subject for evolutionary studies (40) (9-11). The different induction stages that precede the morphogenesis and differentiation of the teeth result from reciprocal interactions among stomodeal epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells derived from neural crests (ectomesenchyme) (12,13). The identification of numerous growth differentiation factors (14-17), transcription factors (18-21) and ...

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DEGs in Ovarian Cancer with IRF1 Silencing

21 Nov 2017

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Bioinformatic analysis of the role of IRF-1 in ovarian cancer Running title: DEGs in ovarian cancer with IRF1 silencing High lights - We use microarray data to analyze DEGs of ovarian cancer with IRF1silencing. - Total 242 up-regulated genes and 185 down-regulated genes were screened. - Significant biology process and pathways involved in the progression are analyzed. - Construct the PPI network and sub-network for hub ...

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