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Liquefied petroleum gas

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 04 May 2017

5 Pages (1,944 Words)

Direct Flame Production of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT's) From Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Abstract Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a common household fuel used for cooking purpose in India. LPG is very rich in its carbon content because of its specific mixing components of predominantly C3 alkane (Propane - C3H8) or C4 alkane (Butane - C4H10) which provides a better chance of producing strong and good quality nano ...

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The Pulfrich phenomenon

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 04 May 2017

7 Pages (2,601 Words)

Introduction What is the Pulfrich Phenomenon? The Pulfrich Phenomenon is a three dimensional illusion where a moving object is seen to move in an anomalous pathway when viewed binocularly with a light attenuating filter placed in front of one eye. This creates the illusion that an object oscillating on a frontal plane appears to follow an elliptical pathway. The most widely accepted theory for this illusion is ...

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Ethanol on the heart rate

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 02 May 2017

6 Pages (2,012 Words)

Effects of different concentrations of ethanol on the heart rate of the water flea In this experiment I will be looking at the effects of different concentrations of ethanol on the heart rate of the water flea, Daphnia because using humans in a study to test the effects of Ethanol on heart rate would not be ethical. Daphnia, like many animals, are prone to alcohol intoxication, and ...

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Ginger and Turmeric: History and use

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 02 May 2017

12 Pages (4,626 Words)

Ginger and Turmeric Introduction Ginger Ginger and turmeric are categorize in the same family, Zingiberaceae, along with cardamom (White 2007)(Leal 2003). The most frequently used herbal supplement is Zingiber officinale, which is the scientific name for ginger (White 2007). The scientific name of ginger, Zingiber officinale , was created by Linaeus a Swedish botanist from the 18th century. Linaeus named ginger after Singabera, or shaped like a ...

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The benefits of the Gulf Stream

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 02 May 2017

6 Pages (2,111 Words)

Introduction The Gulf Stream is considered as a warm, powerful, and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates at the tip of Florida. It follows the eastern coastlines of the Newfoundland and the United States before crossing the Atlantic Ocean The western intensification makes the Gulf Stream tend to northward, the matter resulting in accelerating current off the east coast of North America. At nearly 40°0′N 30°0′Wï»¿ / ...

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Total viable count

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 02 May 2017

2 Pages (456 Words)

Microbiology practical: Total and viable counts of microorganisms Abstract: Introduction: Total and viable counts of microorganisms There are several methods for determining total and viable counts of microorganisms Total Cell counting is used Viable counting are used Details of uses of cell counting, including their advantages and disadvantages. There are several methods for determining total and viable counts of microorganisms Include other methods and include references to ...

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Liver is the largest gland

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 02 May 2017

4 Pages (1,391 Words)

Liver Liver is just not like any other organ, which can be compensated by other organs or human machines. It is one of the important parts of body which performs many vital functions. Physically it is positioned in the upper part of the abdomen precisely on the right side, just beneath the diaphragm. Its physical looks are reddish brown with four lobes bulging out. Basically liver's main ...

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Maglev trains: An analysis

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 02 May 2017

2 Pages (744 Words)

MAGLEV trains are a form of transportation that includes science of magnets and implies the future of transportation technology. So what are MAGLEV trains? MAGLEV stands for 'magnetic levitation' which means it uses magnetic forces to move and travel. Even though this technology might seem very futuristic, it has a history that goes back to 1900s! It didn't start at 1909 but an American rocket scientist ...

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A microscope: An overview

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 28 Apr 2017

6 Pages (2,033 Words)

1. Introduction A microscope is an instrument used to investigate tiny objects which cannot be seen by naked eyes. There exist three types of microscopes which are optical microscopes, electron microscopes, and scanning probe microscopes. (1) Six types of microscopes talked in this report are reflected and transmitted light microscope, scanning electron microscopes (SEM), transmission electron microscopes (TEM), focused ion beam (FIB), and atomic force microscope (AFM). ...

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Accidental discoveries

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 28 Apr 2017

8 Pages (3,146 Words)

Accidental Discoveries 1. (noun)accident an unfortunate mishap; especially one causing damage or injury 2.(noun)accident, stroke, fortuity, chance event anything that happens suddenly or by chance without an apparent cause Defined as, the act or an instance of discovering, a person, place or thing that has been discovered. Majority of accidental discoveries are science based due to different chemicals being spilt, left too long to boil or too much ...

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Nanotechnology: An overview

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 27 Apr 2017

11 Pages (4,134 Words)

Abstract Nanotechnology has been an important scientific topic for future studies since 1959. â€˜Nano' derives from the Greek word nanos meaning a dwarf, term strickly for size and not chemical composition. According to recent toxicological studies nanoparticles are any particle less than 100 nm in at least one dimension, classified as natural, anthropogenic or engineered in origin. Nanomaterials are a major trend in medicine. These help deliver ...

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A computed tomography

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 24 Apr 2017

18 Pages (7,153 Words)

1. Introduction One of the most used techniques in the imagiology field is called Computed Tomography (CT), a method to acquire slices of the body based on the attenuation of X-rays. This monograph will try to compile the most important information about CT, namely its history, physical principles, fundamental instrumentation, data acquisition and processing techniques, as well as its applications. Firstly, a brief tour through the history ...

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Methods Of Recovering Energy From Waste

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 24 Apr 2017

7 Pages (2,517 Words)

Biomass (waste) energy is increasingly attracting attention worldwide because it is a renewable source of energy and potentially CO2 neutral. At present, most waste materials are converted into electricity often by combustion. Waste combustion is widely applied for district heating and combined heat and power for electricity generation. This report describes waste, waste reduction and treatment regulations in Europe as well as different types of waste generated, ...

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The molecular gastronomy

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 24 Apr 2017

3 Pages (1,159 Words)

What is molecular gastronomy? Who are its main proponents? Is it simply a fad or new culinary movement The molecular gastronomy term appeared in 1988 presented by a scientist Hungarian physicist Professor Nicholas Kurti and French physical chemist HervÃ© This. Molecular gastronomy embraces science about food. It is a scientific investigation on food with new technological equipment and use of natural gums and hydrocolloids. The chefs use ...

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The car industry: Dilemmas

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 21 Apr 2017

9 Pages (3,594 Words)

1. Introduction The car industry faces a crucial weight problem resulting from increasing customer demands in terms of safety and performance. This trend leads to fully equipped cars in all classes getting more luxurious and comfortable. To escape from this vicious circle car manufacturers are forced to take action in the form of lightweight concepts. Light metals are seen as a promising opportunity to decrease the weight ...

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Sanitary conditions in Mauritius slaughter houses

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 21 Apr 2017

20 Pages (7,607 Words)

INTRODUCTION A slaughterhouse, also known as an "abattoir" is a place where animals are sacrificed for food. It can also be defined as any premises used for the slaughter of animals whose meat is intended for human consumption. The slaughtering of animals for community consumption is inevitable in most nations of the world and dated back to the ancient times (Bello and Oyedemi, 2009). Public slaughter houses ...

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The congenital heart disease

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 18 Apr 2017

9 Pages (3,596 Words)

Does an Exercise Program following Cardiac Surgery for Congenital Heart Defects improve a Child's Cardiopulmonary Response to Exercise and Increase Exercise Tolerance? Introduction Paediatric Cardiac Problems are prevalent throughout the world with 1.5 million new cases diagnosed each year. Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is the most common diagnosis of heart problems at birth. Between four and nine per one thousand live births each year are diagnosed with ...

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Huntington Disease: An overview

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 18 Apr 2017

8 Pages (3,170 Words)

Huntington Disease Huntington disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant disorder, characterized as disease of progressive brain degeneration in late adulthood with subsequent brain atrophy. The affected areas of degeneration are the basal ganglia, which play an important role in the control of movement. This degeneration causes various motor problems such as behavioral abnormality, chorea, incoordination and dystonia (Folstein, 1989). George Huntington was the first man that described HD ...

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Global Warming

Published Date: 24 Feb 2017

5 Pages (1,639 Words)

Keywords: Greenhouse effect, global warming, temperatures, science Two issues that worry many scientists are global warming and the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is a natural process that keeps the earth at temperatures that are livable. What does the greenhouse effect have to do with global warming? When humans release gases into the air, the greenhouse effect will alter the temperature of the earth. More gases ...

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How Was the Universe Created?

Published Date: 24 Feb 2017

7 Pages (2,750 Words)

Keywords: big bang theory, creationism, hinduism, universe The three things above are really good reason why we believe in this theory. All the point above proves the possibility of the big bang theory and they all come together in order to prove it. Arguments against the big bang theory Many people still don't believe in the Big Bang theory because they think it is not right. ...

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Contingency Theories of Organizations

Published Date: 24 Feb 2017

5 Pages (1,887 Words)

Keywords: Contingency theories, organizations, management Part 2 - OB: What is the core argument of contingency theories of organizations? Discuss giving examples from at least one such theory. Evaluate the claims of this theory and assess its relevance for organizations today. Organizations operate in many different environments and it is vital to assess how they influence their structures. Effective and efficient organizing has become increasingly important in ...

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Hydromorphone

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015 Last Modified: 26 Jun 2015

4 Pages (1,344 Words)

The name of the drug is called Hydromorphone. The systematic name (IUPAC) is 4,5-epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methylmor-phinan-6-one. Hydromorphone has a chemical formula of C17H19NO3 . There are four functional groups in Hydromorphone: An Ether group A Ketone group An Amine group (tertiary) A Phenol group Stereochemistry and conformation: Hydromorphone has 4 chiral centres (Four different groups attached to a sp3 hybridised carbon - one chiral centre). Therefore it ...

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Aircraft Performance And Drag Sciences Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,595 Words)

There are 4 basic forces that act on an aircraft in flight; thrust, lift, weight and drag. Of these forces the most complex is drag. A thorough understanding of how drag affects the flight of an airplane is necessary if one is to exercise complete control over their aircraft. Drag can be broken down into 2 different types, induced and parasitic. It affects both the lift and ...

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Transdermal fentanyl patch in the use of chronic and non chronic pain

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,064 Words)

What is Fentanyl? Transdermal Fentanyl is a synthetic narcotic analgesic that is widely used in clinical anaesthesia which was originally synthesised by Dr Paul Janssen in the early sixties. It is approximately one hundred times more potent that morphine; which is thought of a the golden standard for opiods; this is where other opiods are compared and tested against morphine. Due to its potency, Fentanyl is mainly ...

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Pros and Cons of Tidal Energy

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,134 Words)

As the world's energy crisis progresses, renewable energy sources like tidal power are being explored. Tides, the rise and fall of sea levels, are created by changes in the gravitational forces of the sun and moon as well as the earth's rotation. Tidal Energy is generated by converting gravitational potential energy of high tides into hydroelectricity. Most ocean environments experience two high tides and two low ...

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A Stars Life And Death Sciences Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,448 Words)

When we look in the sky at night and see all the stars your eyes can see. We think they are permanent although we may think this technology has given us the chance to see otherwise. Massive telescopes like the Hubble space telescope has let us experience and see the birth and death of stars. Where some stars just burn out and fade away other stars go ...

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Water Shortages In Almeria Province An Environmental Sciences Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

19 Pages (7,260 Words)

Water shortage is becoming nowadays one of the biggest challenge facing human life and the global natural system in many areas of the world. The causes of this concern are linked to different human factors as the massive increase of population, needs of water because of the rapid industrialisation, the growth of the tourism industry and obviously for agricultural purpose. (UN,2009) In the time of climate change, ...

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Looking at the history of Bleaching

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,051 Words)

Since 5000 B.C., people have had knowledge of bleaching fabrics. Bleaching has the definition of "whitening by exposure to sunlight or by a chemical process." People have had knowledge that they may whiten [bleach] their materials by a process of moisture and extreme periods of time to sun exposure. The bleaching method, in itself, has been a rather old and well-known process to man. People in Asia, ...

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Can Alternative Energy Replace Fossil Fuels An Environmental Sciences Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,579 Words)

At the beginning of the 21st century people started to realize that fossil fuels are not renewable and they are consumed too quickly so people believe that there will not be a source for future generations. Activists try to tell people about the consequences of lack of energy in terms of economy or environment, so consciousness of the situation increases each day with the help of activists. ...

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Earthquake in Chile

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

2 Pages (637 Words)

Earthquakes The movement of the earth's tectonic plates causes earthquakes. Earthquakes occur where plates meet along plate boundaries. F.e when two plates move towards each other, one plate can be pushed down beneath the other plate, into the mantle: this is a subduction zone. If this plate gets stuck under the other one, it causes a lot of pressure on the surrounding rocks. When this pressure will ...

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Causes and effects of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,840 Words)

Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic condition that is characterized by persistent inflammation of a number of joints. Over a prolonged period of time, this inflammation results in irreversible joint damage. Although its cause is unknown, it is usually thought to be auto-immune disorder in which the immune system starts to attack the body's own tissue. Rheumatoid Arthritis has a world-wide distribution and affects 0.5-1%, with a ...

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Biodiversity conservation

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

22 Pages (8,539 Words)

Abstract India's biodiversity encompasses a wide spectrum of habitats that include tropical rainforests, alpine vegetation, temperate forests, and coastal wetlands. Traditional societies have paid a great deal of attention to the study of nature conservation. Although Himalaya accounts for 18% of the total area in India, it covers more than 31.05% of India's forest cover and 40% of the species endemic to the Indian Sub-continent. Many mountain ...

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Cattle breeding: Sanitary practices and perceptions

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

24 Pages (9,555 Words)

Chapter 1: Introduction Cattle are raised mainly for meat and dairy products in Mauritius. Cattle breeding are an essential component of modern agriculture. According to norms, safe food of animal origin must be free from pathogens and contaminants. There is a need to reduce the risk and if possible, eliminate it at the 'on the farm stage'. Cattle disease compromise animal welfare, reduce productivity and can also ...

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Stages in acute inflammatory response

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,456 Words)

COX ESSAY Key stages in acute inflammatory response (Juwon K0710483) Mediators in inflammation and their function Acute inflammation can well be defined as a normal response to unwanted tissue damage/injury or infections. It is characterised by erythema, oedema, hyperthermia, hyperalgesia, cell influx and loss of function. There is an accumulation of leucocytes at sites of inflammation which is thought to be linked to tissue damage at these ...

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The Effectiveness of species reintroduction programmes

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

17 Pages (6,598 Words)

Introduction Reintroduction programmes were created to reintroduce captive bred species back into a habitat. These are species that are originally endangered and at the risk of extinction. However there are many factors that affect the success of a reintroduction programme. These can include the expense of a reintroduction programme (Vickery et al. 2003). As many non-profit charities carry out the reintroduction programmes, there is a need to ...

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Physical Characteristics And Origin Of Emerald

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (896 Words)

Emerald is a green variety of beryl, found in Afghanistan, Brazil, Columbia, Madagascar, Pakistan, Russia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, in either mineral or gem quality. Emeralds are priced for their colour - their vivid greens, blue-greens and yellow-greens - and have for centuries been some of the most sought after gems in the world. In 2000 a 10.11 ct Columbian emerald was sold for $1,149,850. (Zachovay, 2002). ...

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Understanding the various World Climate Types

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,529 Words)

Scientists used the word “Climate” to describe the precipitation and temperature of an area for a long period of time. They have defined the factors that have a great effect on temperature. These factors include latitude, wind, elevation, as well as the effect of the nearby ocean currents. The scientists pointed out that the factors which contribute primarily to precipitation are the prevailing winds and mountain ranges. ...

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Molecular cloning

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,138 Words)

Abstract Molecular cloning is a method to produce quantities of a specific DNA segment. It contains an abundance of techniques including DNA transfer, DNA recombination, DNA sequencing and so on. Though this practical, restriction maps were draw for plasmid pMA and pMB by doing single and double digest, a pMB fragment digested with PstI was inserted to plasmid pUC19 and then transferred to host cells to have ...

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Prevention of disease

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,164 Words)

Introduction: Prevention of any disease causing agent at livestock farm by managemental mechanisms and operations is known as biosecurity.Due to increased incidence of many foreign and emerging diseases such as FMD and Avian Influenza has made it of major concern. Biosecurity is basic phenomena in disease prevention at farm. there are many factors that contribute towards disease at livestock farm .Their list includes Farm visitors Veterinarians ...

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Social development in India

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,428 Words)

Introduction India has a population of 1.18 billion individuals which contribute to 17.31 percent of world's population (Sarina, 2005). India's electricity energy consumption is more than 145,000 Mega watts which accounts to not less than 3.5 per cent of the global energy consumption placing it at sixth position in global energy consumption. In attempts to meet energy needs various power plants generate energy as follows. Coal contributes ...

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Indo-US civilian nuclear deal

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

28 Pages (11,067 Words)

INDIA'S ENERGY SECURITY WITH SPECIALREFERENCE TO INDO-US NUCLEAR DEAL “Consider the past 400 years of history. The world developed a new source of power, steam, and the industrial age came in. India with all her many virtues did not develop that source of power and it became a backward and a slave country. Now, we are on the verge of the atomic age. If we are to ...

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Advances In Biomedical Science And Technology Science Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,574 Words)

Due to the advances in biomedical science and technology, mammalian cloning has, in the last 13 years, become feasible. This first came to the public's attention with the publicity surrounding the creation of Dolly the sheep in 1997. Through the process of HSCNT(Human Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer), hundreds of mammalian organisms have been cloned and carried to term. However, the process is by no means 'perfect' as ...

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Human Genetic Disorder

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,307 Words)

HUMAN GENETIC DISORDER Introduction Human Genetic Disorder is a kind of illness which is caused by chromosomes or genes abnormalities. Some disorders like cancer are in part of genetic disorders but they can also be caused by environmental factors. Many disorders are quite rare and they affect one person in a million. There are some types of recessive gene disorders which have an advantage in heterozygous states ...

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The stages of cloning

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,557 Words)

Ever since man set foot on earth the idea of him being cloned seemed excessively out of range but as the generations passed and science improved this idea is nevertheless farfetched. The concept of cloning or simpler a copy of you is at length troublesome for the reason that the idea is still fresh and their consequences are not well known to humankind. As with every new ...

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The Haber process for optimum performance

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,381 Words)

Research Question: What are the conditions for running the Haber process for optimum performance Abstract In this essay I will find out what are the best conditions for the production of the maximum yield in the Haber process, by running simulations of the Haber process at different conditions to determine the best conditions. From the Experiment I found that the lowest temperature possible and the highest ...

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Problems With Use Of Pesticides An Environmental Sciences Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,795 Words)

Since more than 4 million years and insects found on the surface of the earth attack humans and damage it to occur to him directly and indirectly, and they began trying to get rid of these insects, consider how to exterminate them and get rid of the harm caused was trying to get rid of manual methods by combining, killing and The first use of pesticides is ...

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Physical hazard

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,447 Words)

Can physical hazard really cause harm to consumer? Food hazard: A Food hazard can be defined as presence of undesirable matter in food which can cause negative effect on consuming it. There are three types of hazard in food industry: Physical, Chemical and Biological. Physical hazard is any foreign matter in food stuff which can cause injury or illness to a person consuming the product. ...

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Maggots have a standard development

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,892 Words)

1. Introduction 1.1 Anatomy of Maggots Maggots breathe from the anterior end of their body to get oxygen as they burrow through tissue. They bury with the help of two sharp digging hooks. Maggots have a standard development i.e. egg-larva-pupae. The developmental stage can be determined by the length of the maggots. Maggots grow at an increased rate with higher temperature.(Giangiuliani et al. 1994) Maggots are short ...

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Importance of biofuels

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,068 Words)

Abstract World demand for energy has been projected to double by 2050 and be more than triple by the end of the century. Since industrial revolution in the 1850s, the human consumption of fossil fuels has been one of the growing causes of international concern and unease among some industrial nations. The reasons for which can be attributed to the rapidly depleting reserves of fossil fuels. Over ...

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Inborn errors of metabolism

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

14 Pages (5,240 Words)

1.0 Abstract Inborn errors of metabolism occurs 1 in 5000 births collectively. They can be treated if the inborn error is diagnosed properly and early. They are manly caused by a gene defect that blocks vital metabolic pathways. The can be server, which is mainly due to amount of enzymes that is causing the block or deficiency of the reaction product. This can affect the organs and ...

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Importance of medical fungi

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,968 Words)

Classification of fungi is done so that fungi with similar characteristics and structures can be grouped together and thus making identification easier. Fungi are classified on the basis of their ability to reproduce sexually, asexually, or both. Ascospores, basidiospores, oospores, and zygospores, as well as any specialized structures associated with their development, are the basis of sexual structures. These criteria reflect phylogenetic relationships because they are based ...

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Alu elements

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,592 Words)

Introduction For centennials scientists and laymen alike have been awe-inspired and intrigued by the phenomena that is Alu elements. It is a family of short interspersed repeats that have mobilized throughout primate genomes by retrotransposition over the past 65 million years of primate evolution (Comas et al., 2001). Alu elements are regarded as Sort Interspersed Nuclear Elements (SINES) whose length spans 300bp. In close proximity to the ...

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What factors will affect the time of a falling paper cone

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

2 Pages (668 Words)

The issue raised is the motion of paper made cones within air as they are released. The time that the cone will take to reach ground level from the moment of its release depends on several variables, which have to be investigated in order to conclude whether changing them would be relevant in affecting the period of time needed. Hypothesis There are several factors which theoretically could ...

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The concerns of Water Pollution In Africa

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (996 Words)

Water pollution has become a serious problem in every country in the world. Urban growth, climate change, growing population, investments in agriculture, industrial development, and economic growth have increased the demand for water. Natural and manmade disasters have increased pollution risks in today's environment. Contamination of land, air and water is challenging the health of humans, plants, animals and other living organisms. Governments worldwide are burdened with ...

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Microbiological transformation of steroids

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,642 Words)

1. Introduction1.1. Microbiological transformation of steroids. Steroids are small organic molecules that are synthesized in steroidogenic tissues and act on target sites to regulate a cascade of physiological functions [1]. Examples of natural occurring steroids include: sterols, steroidal saponins, cardioactive glycosides, bile acids, corticosteroids and mammalian sex hormones [2]. They are based on the steran skeleton which is composed of three six-carbon ring units and one ...

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Applications of binary numbers

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,645 Words)

Introduction The world has evolved from simple mechanics to advanced quantum modeling. What has not changed is the Human will to count the entities. Humans originally created the Decimal Number System but because of the machine's and the Logic's inability to do complex functions on them, the Binary Number System were invented as a manifestation of Boolean Logic, where there can only exist two states - a ...

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Differences between men and women

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,038 Words)

For a long time there has been considerable scientific interest in studying differences between men and women and the effect that these differences have within the relationship. The sexes are different because their brains are different. The brain, the chief administrative and emotional organ of life, is differently constructed in men and in women; it processes information in a different way, which results in different perceptions, priorities, ...

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Current situation about the issues of animal experimentation from different views

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

15 Pages (5,789 Words)

Abstract This objective of this research paper is mainly to better understand the current situation about the issues of animal experimentation from different views. Online articles, journals, encyclopedia and books were used for reference in this research paper. In essence, this research paper generally touches on the pros and cons of animal experimentation. Supporters of animal testing claim that this helps the development of important drugs ...

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The sport of figure skating

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,146 Words)

The Physics of Figure Skating Part one: How does this sport relate to Newton's Laws and Kinematics? There are many different example of how Newton's laws and kinematics apply to the sport of figure skating. Here are a few examples of how physics can be seen in skating: Newton's first law - a skater in motion will stay in motion unless influenced by a force - in ...

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Principles and implications of scientific management

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,227 Words)

The beginning of 20th century saw significant developments in technology that allowed, for the first time, mass manufacture of products. At the same time large corporations were established requiring a significant workforce. The influx of European immigrants coupled with the migration of the rural populace to urban regions made up a workforce that was predominantly uneducated and unskilled. Consequently, directing such an unskilled workforce resulted in inefficient ...

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Gene expression regulation

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,032 Words)

How do mammalian cells regulate and control gene expression? Abstract. Gene expression regulation is a complicated process that is controlled at many different levels. Not surprisingly, there are many factors that influence gene expression both molecular and environmental. The central dogma of biology provides a clear platform for the study of gene regulation and it involves a) Initiation b)Elongation and c)Translation. Initiation of transcription is probably the ...

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Metabolic pathways for Diclofenac

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,789 Words)

Diclofenac (2-(2,6-dichlo ranilino)phenyl acetic acid) Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) widely used to reduce inflammation and pain in conditions which include, but not limited to ankylosing spondylitis, arthritis, osteoarthritis and acute pain. Diclofenac, a phenyl acetic derivative, is a lipophilic and weakly acidic compound made up of two twisted aromatic rings. Molecular structure: Diclofenac exerts its pharmacological activity by non-selectively inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX), an enzyme ...

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Techniques For Providing Water To Arid Regions An Environmental Sciences Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,423 Words)

Introduction About 30% of entire worldwide land area includes populated arid and semi-arid areas. The major obstacle to socio economic development in these areas is Water shortages. The essential ideology for the allocation of water resources are effectiveness, equity, and sustainability, with the endeavor of give the utmost advantage for society, environment and economy, at the same time as to maintain reasonable allocation amid various areas and ...

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The positives and negatives of Mold

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,240 Words)

When you hear the word "mold", what comes to mind? Is it something green, fuzzy, and squishy? Do you immediately want to throw it away? Do you run screaming from the room or duck and hide? If you are a scientist, you will look more closely. You will look at mold in a different way, through different eyes. Mold is a whole new world to explore. It ...

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Evidence about the asteroid theory

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,519 Words)

Introduction The purpose of the case study is to investigate 'Did a meteorite make the dinosaurs extinct'.These theories are not exactly been justified. It is an unsolved mystery nobody knows the reason and what caused the dinosaurs to become extinct. A meteorite is a body of matter that reaches the earth's surface because it has not been heated up by friction with the atmosphere. It is made ...

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Failure analysis report on the chernobyl power plant

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (841 Words)

1. Introduction This memo is a failure analysis report on the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant located near the city of Pripyat, Ukraine. On April 26, 1986, a reactor at the power plant exploded, releasing a powerful stream of radioactive vapour. Immediately, the explosion killed 54 people. Later on, effects due to radiation claimed the lives of at least an additional 2500 people (International Atomic Energy Agency, 2006). ...

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Ethical and legal level of counseling

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

14 Pages (5,442 Words)

1. The concept of ethics and legal Ethics is generally defined as a philosophical discipline that is concerned with human conduced and moral decision making (Van Hoose, 1985). Ethics are normative in nature and focus on principles and standards that govern relationship between individuals, such as those between counselors and clients. Morality, however, involves judgment or evaluation of action. It is associated with such words as good, ...

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Seed priming technique

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,313 Words)

Abstract Seed priming is a technique by which seeds are partially hydrated to a point where germination processes begin but radical emergence does not occur. Priming can be found effective both for legumes and grain crops. A pot experiment was conducted under green house conditions at Pir Mehr Ali shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi during summer of 2007. The seeds were invigorated by traditional soaking (hydropriming), osmo-conditioning ...

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Maldives Efforts To Combat Climate Change An Environmental Sciences Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,496 Words)

Global warming has been causing climate change and this has been affecting the Earth at an alarming rate. Maldivian government are aware of the need to cut down emissions. The tiny Indian Ocean nation of the Maldives will become carbon-neutral within 10 years. This was the pledge made by Maldives President Mohamed Nasheed on March 15. The low-lying country will be among the first in the world ...

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The concerns of donating bodies for research

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,765 Words)

There have always been concerns on whether a person should donate his or her body to science. Some people say it's morally wrong not to have a regular funeral. Others say it's the right thing to do because you could potentially be saving people's lives, or helping a life out in some way. There are many advantages and disadvantages. Some people may be confused by body donations ...

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The blowflies

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,394 Words)

Background The insects that have been most extensively studied in relation to their forensic uses are the blowflies, members of the Calliphoridae fly family in particular their larvae because they are the insects most commonly associated with corpses. Blowflies are usually the first to colonise a body after death, often within hours. The larval stage is the main period in which blowflies face limited food resources, when ...

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Effects of technology on society

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,162 Words)

Today, use of technology is widely available and aggressively promoted throughout society. However; while technology makes life easier for people, it also creates some problems for our society. Nearly every hot technology is created to fulfill people`s need and satisfy. With the evolvement of technology, people live in a world with better conditions. New technologies come out as every second passes and these technologies make our life ...

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Negative effects on the environment

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

2 Pages (776 Words)

Melissa Oosthuizen There are negative effects on the environment caused by the Chlor-alkali industry., there are environmental concerns that have made large impacts on the chlor-alkali industries? growth through-out the past twenty years and will also affect the future growth of the industry. Chlorine bleaching of wood pulp as well as dioxin emissions to the environment The demand for chlorine decreased due to the existence of ...

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Theobromine

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,527 Words)

Sources: Theobromine is the primary alkaloid present in the cocoa and chocolate. Theobromine is found in the shells and beans of the cacao plant and it is extracted from the husks of the bean and used for the synthesis of caffeine. The plant species that contain large amount of theobromine are § Theobroma cacao § Theobroma bicolor § Ilex paraguariensis § Camellia sinensis § Cola acuminate ...

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Forensic speaker identification

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

16 Pages (6,294 Words)

INTRODUCTION Forensic speaker identification is the application of science to solve the problems related to identification of the unknown speaker in criminal investigation. A voice is much more than just a string of words. Although evidence from DNA grabs the headlines, but the fact is that DNA can't talk. It can't be recorded planning, carrying out or confessing to a crime1. The voice of a person can ...

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Strength of the electromagnet

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,462 Words)

Aim: To investigate how different factors affect the strength of the electromagnet.Introduction: There are totally two factors that I am going to investigate in this experiment: m F1: How the number of coils affects the strength of the electromagnet. m F2: How a change in current affects the strength of an electromagnet.Hypothesis: m F1: I think as the number of coils increase the strength of the ...

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Membrane proteins: structure and function

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,643 Words)

Explain, giving examples, how the structural features of membrane proteins are related to their functions. Membrane proteins are protein molecules that have any kind of association with the membrane of a cell or organelle, and are normally split into two different groups: integral and peripheral membrane proteins. As stated by Earnshaw & Pollard (2002), integral proteins pass through the membrane, whilst peripheral proteins only relate to either ...

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Examining The Enzyme Amylase And Its Uses Science Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,209 Words)

A catalyst is a substance used to speed up a particular reaction and remain unchanged at the end of the reaction. Reactions that are sped up by catalysts can range from making sure maximum ammonia is obtained in industries to making sure that every starch particle in our bodies has been broken down during digestion. Looking at enzymes, enzymes can be defined as biological catalysts they speed ...

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About Cervical Cancer

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,768 Words)

Abstract: Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in developing countries. The cause of cervical cancer is the human papilloma virus (HPV). Cervical cancer has other risk factors, like: having multiple male sexual partners, starting to have sexual intercourse at an early age, having other sexually transmitted disease, having weak immune system and smoking. Cervical cancer can be prevented by avoiding risk factors ...

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Tissue Engineering

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,584 Words)

The first time tissue engineering was introduced it gave the promise to repair or replace damaged organs, the field has dramatically evolved from its origins in the late 1980s. Tissue engineering is a field that is rapidly growing and becoming extremely important within biomedical engineering, it mainly links the rapid developments in cellular and molecular biology together with chemical and mechanical engineering. The graph below shows the ...

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Drug safety assessment

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,623 Words)

INTRODUCTION Pre-clinical studies or pre-clinical trials are very important stage of research in drug development process. Pre-clinical trials are also known as non-clinical safety assessment. The main purpose of carrying out these studies is to ensure that the test compound is safe before testing in humans (clinical trials), characterise toxicity and target organs, to fulfil regulatory requirements and to protect employees in manufacturing. In other words, quality, ...

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Planet formation theory

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,365 Words)

Introduction Formation of the Solar System Accretion of solid bodies led to formation planetesimals - protoplanets - planets Planet formation is a much talked upon topic amongst scientists, although most agree with Viktor Safronov's planet formation theory. Safronov proposed the planetesimal hypothesis, which states, planets are created from dust particles which undergo collisions and stick together, eventually forming larger and larger bodies. The dust particles collide ...

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Mechanisms drug resistance to cancer chemotherapy

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

14 Pages (5,544 Words)

Introduction Cancer is one of the major causes of death in the developed world and statistics show that one in three people will be diagnosed with cancer during their lifetime [1]. Cancers are malignant tumours and can be distinguished from normal cells by four characteristics; uncontrolled proliferation, dedifferentiation and loss of function, invasiveness, and ability to metastasise [2]. These characteristics are caused by altered gene expression, as ...

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The Effects of Cell Phones Radiation

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

2 Pages (575 Words)

Even though the radiation cell phones emit is negligible, as a principle people should take precautions, and therefore cell companies should provide some sort of heath warning. Cell phones have to emit a small amount of radiation just to operate. They emit signals via radio waves that are comprised of radio-frequency (RF) energy, which is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Cell phones are generally placed against ...

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The Treatment Of A Ductal Carcinoma

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,189 Words)

Introduction The treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has changed dramatically in the last decade. Since the introduction of national mammographic screening programmes the clinical presentation of DCIS has increased over the last decade. Before the development of screening programmes DCIS was diagnosed in a small proportion of patients presenting with a palpable mass or pathological nipple discharge. Until recently the standard treatment for DCIS ...

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characteristics of Thailand

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,119 Words)

Culture has long been a topic of interest in the academic world and has been written extensively on by many sociologists and ethnographers. As individuals from different countries have their own cultural norms and values, there are bound to be some cultural conflicts that occur when people with different cultural background interact with one another. Thailand has long been regarded as one of the most attractive markets ...

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The framework of pH scale

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

2 Pages (790 Words)

Out of the seven different solutions tested, water was a control. Its serves as a standard 'liquid' because of its neutral pH 7 at which concentration of H? is equal to that of OH? i.e, [proton donor] = [proton acceptor]. It controls for the buffer capacity of a particular buffer solution under examination. Moreover the framework of pH scale is based on the ionic product of ...

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The microtubule assembly and disassembly

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,459 Words)

Microtubule assembly and disassembly is regulated by their interactions with associated proteins which are specific to cell types and locations. It is important this regulation takes place as microtubules play an important role in cytoskeleton stability, cell shape, and also for the transport of organelles, vesicles and chromosome movement when the cells needs to respond to external/internal stimuli. Two examples of proteins that regulate microtubules are tau ...

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Postoperative pulmonary complications

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,005 Words)

INTRODUCTION: Abdominal surgery involves a high risk of the development of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). This is thought to be due to the disruption of normal respiratory muscle activity when a patient is anaesthetised, thereby impairing ventilation, expectoration and forced residual capacity (Auler et al 2002, Warner 2000). This may continue postoperatively leading to atelectasis, pneumonia and respiratory dysfunction (Richardson and Sabanathan 1997). Furthermore, abdominal pain resulting ...

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Human cloning

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (4,891 Words)

Brief History In 1952, the first successful animal cloning took place when Robert Briggs and Thomas J.King cloned a tadpole. After almost four decades, the first cloned mammal, a sheep named Dolly, was born in 1996. Following the creation of Dolly, scientists started to think about developing human clones. However, scepticism and hesitation began to grow among scientists when Dolly died at the age of six in ...

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Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,843 Words)

INTRODUCTION Outline of the Project The selected gene is KEL gene, which plays a role in Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN). The specific exon that I will focus on is exon 6, which is known as K1. This usually affects neonates during pregnancy or from transfusions given to the mother, hence causing the disease HDN. I will amplify this gene via PCR and commenting on its ...

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The Issues Challenges Facing Modern Medical Environments

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,412 Words)

Modern medicine has been impacted by advances in science and technology. These advances have extended the doctor's professional capabilities. Technology advances have also made modern medicalscience intellectually challenging. Medicine has now become more complex and demanding. Some examples include cloning, stem cells and identification of new viruses such as HIV. However this is only one side. There are many challenges that modern medical science still has to ...

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Life Cycle Assessment Concepts Implementation And Problems An Environmental Sciences Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,232 Words)

With the increase in industrialization and its impact on the Earth, there is an increasing concern for the future of human kind. Words like "sustainability" and "sustainable development" are being used more frequently. Sustainability is a multidimensional concept and focuses on the triple bottom line concept i.e. ecological, social and economic objectives. The aim was to achieve sustainable development through the integration of the environmental dimension into ...

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The bone disorders

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

14 Pages (5,221 Words)

Introduction There are many different types of bone disorders and these can have vast implications on a patient suffering from any particular one of these bone disorder. There 7 main categories of bone disorders listed below, each of which will be discussed in detail. Genetic (inherited) disorders, i.e. Achondroplasia, Osteogenesis imperfecta. Nutritional disorders, i.e. Rickets, Osteomalacia. Autoimmune disorders, i.e. Rheumotid Arthritis Degenerative ...

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Disadvantages of gm food

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,673 Words)

Abstract This report strives to provide an insight upon the numerous disadvantages of GM food and crops pertaining to humans and the environment. The fundamental core of this report concerns the human health risks posed by the consumption of GM food by the community. Safety tests for GM foods are scant and sparse, and toxins as well as allergenic components in these GM foods are ...

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Eye diseases

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,548 Words)

1. Introduction 1.1 Glaucoma Eye disease such as glaucoma, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy are some of the common causes of reduced vision and blindness (Short, 2008). Glaucoma is a progressive eye disease where the damage of optic nerves resulted in visual field loss. In the year of 2010, it is estimated that 60.5 million people will be diagnosed with glaucoma, and by 2020, the ...

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The Amazon rainforest

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,472 Words)

The Amazon rainforest is the largest, most diverse, and beneficial ecosystem in the world. The Amazon rainforest region is a tropical rainforest located in the northern part of the South America continent, it stretches across the countries of Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, French Guiana and Guiana. Serving as the world's largest specie rich biome, the rainforest offers the world many different types of benefits. ...

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The Kelvin equation

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,006 Words)

The Kelvin equation relates the vapour pressure of a liquid to the effect of surface curvature i.e. a meniscus with radius. The equation illustrates that due to the surface tension and the surface being larger than the volume, there is much higher evaporation rate for smaller droplet liquids when compared to that of larger droplets. ln(P/P0 ) = 2?Vm /rRT The Kelvin equation also shows that smaller ...

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Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors of human diseases

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

21 Pages (8,165 Words)

Historical background Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors are a widely prescribed group of antipyretics and analgesics worldwide and are important component in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Although first COX inhibitor was discovered more than a decade ago their origin dates back to ancient Mediterranean descent1. Back and other body pains where treated using extracts of poplar tree bark and leaves of myrtle. Use of willow bark emerged far ...

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Comparative ecology of urban and rural foxes

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

16 Pages (6,336 Words)

Abstract The red fox (Vulpus vulpus) is an adaptable animal that can be found anywhere with adequate food and shelter, it is therefore not surprising that they have adapted from a rural to an urban setting. Few studies have directly compared urban and rural fox ecology. This review had two primary objectives; (1) To describe habitat utilization by urban and rural foxes and (2) to discuss the ...

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