Effect of Potential Difference on Copper Coating

26 Jan 2018

7 (2,413 )

Siddharth Gupta Design Research Question: - What affect does the potential difference (V) across the circuit has on the copper coating on an iron metal? Hypothesis: - My hypothesis is based on the Ohm’s Law which states V = IR, where V is the potential difference across the circuit and ‘I’ is the current present in ...

Click here to read more arrow

Development of Extended Low Frequency Enclosure

23 Mar 2015 09 Jan 2018

9 (3,391 )

Introduction The rationale for this work is to present a theoretical and practical analysis of an extended low frequency enclosure capable of 20-65Hz, obtained through a method of careful cabinet design built around a suitable transducer and to support the findings with a build supporting sufficient evidence through implementation of testing. Low frequency tones... Enclosure types Reinforced low frequencies cannot depend entirely on the driver itself for ...

Click here to read more arrow

Transducers used in the Cardiac Ultrasound Machine.

23 Mar 2015 09 Jan 2018

13 (4,935 )

Transducers used in the Cardiac Ultrasound Machine. Abstract: Ultrasound imaging depends on the ability of piezoelectric crystals to generate sound when excited with alternating current and the reverse effect of charge accumulation or current flow when such crystals are subjected to pressure from sound waves. The first known ultrasound imaging machine was designed by K. T. Dussik in Australia in 1937. However, despite its widespread acceptance today, ...

Click here to read more arrow

Platinum Resistance Thermometer

23 Mar 2015 09 Jan 2018

2 (757 )

Platinum Resistance Thermometer How it works: The simplest resistance thermometer configuration uses two wires. It is only used when high accuracy is not required as the resistance of the connecting wires is always included with that of the sensor leading to errors in the signal. Using this configuration you will be able to use 100 meters of cable. This applies equally to balanced bridge and fixed bridge ...

Click here to read more arrow

Calculating Free Fall Acceleration

23 Mar 2015 09 Jan 2018

5 (1,839 )

Introduction A research by Heckert (2010) shows in 1600s, the famous physicist Galileo . Galilei found the swinging motion of a large chandelier in the Pisa cathedral. He began to seriously analyse the chandelier, and recorded the time the light took to swing. In the 16th century, there was no stopwatch so that Galileo timed the swing by pulse. In addition, he was the first European to ...

Click here to read more arrow

Life Without the Sun

23 Mar 2015 09 Jan 2018

2 (555 )

According to scientist the sun is the nearest star to earth the only planet believed to be inhabited by the living creatures. This natural alignment is mysterious and it is hard to explain why the star is placed in such a position. The earth is a planet and it revolves around the sun leading to a series of seasonal changes. Science tells us that the gravity of ...

Click here to read more arrow

Development of the World Wide Web

23 Mar 2015 09 Jan 2018

7 (2,664 )

CERN stands for "Centre Europe 'n de Recherché which means the European Organisation for Nuclear Research. After the 2nd World War, many international organisations were evolving during which Raoul Dautry, Pierre Auger and Lew Kowarski from France, Edoardo Amaldi from Italy and Niels Bohr from Denmark intended to build an Atomic Physics Laboratory. After many intergovernal meeting and conventions, on 29 September 1954, it came formally in ...

Click here to read more arrow

Summary and Analysis of the Compton Effect

05 Jan 2018

10 (3,972 )

En = nhf (1) where En is the energy, n is a non-negative integer, h is Planck's constant, and f is the frequency of the photon.2 In 1905, Albert Einstein extended Planck's inference to include not only black body radiation but all electromagnetic waves! Therefore, Einstein hypothesized that light is quantized with energy proportional to its frequency.3 The obvious principle to be deduced from these discoveries is ...

Click here to read more arrow

Spin Coherent State in Real Parameterization SU(4)

28 Nov 2017

5 (1,932 )

Coherent states in SU(4) of spin systems and calculate the Berry phase for qudit with spin 3/2 particle in SU(4) in quantum mechanics Yadollah Farahmand*, ZABIALAH HEIDARNEZHAD**, Fatemeh Heidarnezhad***, Fatemeh Heydari*** and Kh . Kh Muminov*   Abstract In this paper, we develop the formulation of the spin coherent state in real parameterization SU(4).we obtain Berry phase from Schrdinger equation. For vector states, basic kets ...

Click here to read more arrow

Human Impact on Oceans

03 Oct 2016 03 Oct 2017

4 (1,285 )

‘How do I impact the ocean, how does the ocean impact me?’ Oceans, vast expanse of waters, holding immeasurable wealth and diverse species of marine fauna are prone to human activities-good and bad. Some of us have turned a blind eye to the existing threats that our oceans face. But why and how should we protect our oceans?  WHY ARE OCEANS SO IMPORTANT? Fish, octopus, shrimps- ...

Click here to read more arrow

Electromagnetic Field in MRI

26 Jul 2017 15 Sep 2017

3 (922 )

Haoqi Yu Physics 2702 Tatiana Seletskaia MRI is an abbreviation of magnetic resonance imaging, it is first discovered by two physicists in 1947, Felix Bloch and Edward Mills Purcell. MRI is an imaging device that uses both powerful magnetic fields and radio frequency to produce detailed pictures organs and structures inside the human body. It is mainly used to detect the oscillations of hydrogen atoms. ...

Click here to read more arrow

Factors Affecting The Weight a Column Can Withstand

26 Jul 2017 15 Sep 2017

16 (6,065 )

Matthew Keeley  Physics EEI This extended experimental investigation explores the weight a paper column can withstand before it buckles and how changing the diameter, length and thickness of a column affects its critical load. Multiple columns with varying diameters, lengths and thicknesses were constructed and each one had masses added to it until it buckled. The hypotheses "If the diameter of a paper column is ...

Click here to read more arrow

Work, Power and Energy Transfer - Questions and Answers

26 Jul 2017 15 Sep 2017

3 (1,093 )

Amy Harris  Task 1 Packing cases of mass 25kg are to be pushed onto a ramp by use of a hydraulic ram as shown above. The coefficients of static and dynamic friction between the box and surface are 0.7 and 0.4 respectively. Assuming uniform acceleration at all stages. Calculate: a) The maximum force required in the ram to push the crate onto the slope with an acceleration of 0.25ms ...

Click here to read more arrow

Electronic Structure and Spontaneous Polarization in BiFeO3

26 Jul 2017 15 Sep 2017

9 (3,539 )

Electronic structure and spontaneous polarization in multiferroic bulk BiFeO3 Z. Mahhouti 1,2,3,* , H. El Moussaoui 1 , M. Hamedoun 1 , M. El Marssi 3 , A. Lahmar 2 , A. El Kenz 2 , and A. Benyoussef 1,2,4 Abstract: The electronic structure, magnetic properties and spontaneous polarization in Bismuth ferrite BiFeO3 are investigated using first-principle calculations. The computed results show that the ground ...

Click here to read more arrow

Calculations of Rare Earth (Y, La and Ce) Diffusivities

26 Jul 2017 15 Sep 2017

18 (7,073 )

First-principles calculations of rare earth (Y, La and Ce) diffusivities in bcc Fe Xueyun Gaoa,b,[*], Huiping Rena, Chunlong Lia,c, Haiyan Wanga, Yunping Jia, Huijie Tan a ABSTRACT: The impurity diffusivities of rare earth elements, Y, La and Ce, in bcc Fe have been investigated by the first-principles calculations within nine-frequency model. The microscopic parameters in the pre-factor and activation energies have been calculated. For the ...

Click here to read more arrow

Effect of Short Range Correlation

26 Jul 2017 15 Sep 2017

17 (6,713 )

The effect of short range correlation on the nuclear charge density distribution, elastic and inelastic electron scattering coulomb form factors of 16O nucleus Abdullah S. Mdekil Abstract The effect of the short range correlation on the charge density disribution, elastic electron scattering form factors and inelastic Coulomb form factors is studied for the two excited states (6.92 and 11.52 MeV) in is analyzed. ...

Click here to read more arrow

Factors Affecting Velocity of a Sphere Rolling Down Incline

26 Jul 2017 15 Sep 2017

15 (5,830 )

Factors affecting the velocity of a sphere rolling down an incline. An experiment was performed investigating the factors affecting the velocity of a ball rolling down an incline. After investigating how mass, angle of incline, and center of mass affect the velocity of a ball rolling down an incline, it was determined that the hypotheses of "The greater the angle of the incline the ball ...

Click here to read more arrow

Impact of Slope Incline on Cart Roll

26 Jul 2017 15 Sep 2017

3 (1,148 )

Parth Mahajan Acceleration Cart The Aim of this practical report is to roll a car on a slope of 15°, 30°, 45°. The Results then used to make a Ticker-tape graph, Displacement-time graphs, and Velocity-Time graphs with the results that have been obtained. This will show the effects on the cart and how the different aspects of the cart can be effected, (such as the ...

Click here to read more arrow

Pluto and its Satellites from the New Horizons Spacecraft

26 Jul 2017 15 Sep 2017

10 (3,760 )

CAROLINE MOORE AbstractThe New Horizons spacecraft has provided the first close-up study of Pluto and its satellites. Much more analysis is required of the data but the early findings have revolutionised our understanding of the Pluto system. Discoveries such as the complexity of Pluto's surface, the current geological activity, the atmospheric hazes, lower-than-predicted escape rate and the largest known glacier in the solar system were ...

Click here to read more arrow

Subsurface Layer Characterisation Research

26 Jul 2017 15 Sep 2017

8 (2,907 )

SUBSURFACE LAYER CHARACTERISATION FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES USING VERTICAL ELECTRICAL SOUNDING IN BANANA ISLAND, LAGOS, NIGERIA OLADUNJOYE, H.T., 2OLALEYE, A.O. ABSTRACT Seven (7) vertical electrical sounding stations along two traverses were used to study the depth to competent formation for foundation of engineering structures in Banana Island of Lagos. The study is meant to unravel the presence of problem soils that can be inimical to structures. ...

Click here to read more arrow

Centre of Mass Impact on Roll of Dice

26 Jul 2017 15 Sep 2017

5 (1,930 )

Harrison Back   In physics, the centre of mass is defined as "The unique part in an object or system which can be used to describe the system's response to external forces and torques" (Center of Mass, Hyperphysics.com). It references the overall average mass of an object and assigns that average to a point on or within the object, usually near the centre. This can ...

Click here to read more arrow

Relationship Between a Conductor's Length and Wire

26 Jul 2017 15 Sep 2017

13 (4,871 )

Electricity has become very useful and has changed everyone's life since the day it was discovered. What is Conductivity? What is Resistance? What is the best conductor of electricity? What is Nichrome Wire? There are many factors that influence the electrical resistance in wires, going through a current in circuits. The length of the wire and the cross-sectional area are two very important ...

Click here to read more arrow

Investigation into the Force of a Bullet

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

10 (3,795 )

The Force of a Bullet         Abstract: The aim of the experiment was to uncover whether or not, if when a person is shot in a movie and falls backwards is realistic. As the experiment was to see how far back a person goes when shot, the following hypothesis was made: if the momentum of a bullet out ...

Click here to read more arrow

Weak Gravitational Lensing

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

5 (1,845 )

Introduction Gravitational lensing is a very resourceful phenomenon that widely used in astronomy measurement. It contains many aspects of which the strong, weak, and microlensing are well established by observable evidence. The weak gravitational lensing is an active area. Weak gravitational lensing that we can observe is usually caused by large-scale cosmic bodies such as clusters and voids. Generally, gravitational lensing has the ...

Click here to read more arrow

The Physics of a Parachute

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

5 (1,844 )

The parachute is an effective tool for enhanced safety, although it is widely utilized by adrenaline seekers for enjoyment. Gravity is perhaps the most crucial force acting upon the parachute, because without which a parachute would not be needed. Gravity is applied to a mass indiscriminate of its size or shape. is the speed at which a mass will accelerate due to gravity through ...

Click here to read more arrow

Physics of Roller Coasters

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

20 (7,813 )

Rollercoaster Rollercoasters are amusement rides specifically designed to thrill and excite the riders. They utilize the laws of physics to give the best, safest possible experience to the riders (Merriam-Webster.com, 2016). Most rollercoasters consist of high speeds, loops, banked turns and hills reaching extreme heights. In the following amateur rollercoaster design, all these aspects will be broken down and the physics of each ...

Click here to read more arrow

Amplitude Equations Using Pendulums

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

20 (7,754 )

This report will compare the amplitude formulas thus investigating why they are different. [ar1]The purpose of this report is to find why there is a difference by comparing the two formulas, it will also test why when the amplitude is increased the time-period will consequentially increase. The experiments conducted for this report will use simple methods of taking data to show the complexity of the ...

Click here to read more arrow

Information Theory and Thermodynamics

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

15 (5,888 )

In order to develop better tools, machines and technology we have had to develop our understanding of the physical world. This has allowed us to construct machines that are more capable than those preceding it. The French scientist Carnot was studying machines and was trying to understand how to make them better and more efficient. As part of his studies he calculated the maximum efficiency ...

Click here to read more arrow

Thickness-dependent Electronics Structure: Black Phosphorus

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

9 (3,362 )

A novel two-dimensional anisotropic material, Black phosphorus that is to enunciate a single atomic layer of black phosphorus, has attracted a remarkable renaissance of interest for potential applications in the electronic and photonic application. Here we experimentally demonstrated that the electronic structure of multilayer layer Black phosphorus varies significantly with the thickness dependent, in good agreement with our theoretical calculations. The interband optical transitions spread ...

Click here to read more arrow

Methods for Detecting Exoplanets

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

5 (1,901 )

A discussion and comparison of the radial velocity method and the transit photometry method of detecting exoplanets. An exoplanet is a planet that is outside of our solar system orbiting another star, and so far (at 15/01/2017) 3560 exoplanets have been detected [1]. Currently, with modern technology, the two main ways of detecting an exoplanet is using either the radial velocity method or the transit ...

Click here to read more arrow

Discharge of Water through a Spherical Orifice

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

12 (4,558 )

There are multiple factors that affect the discharge of water through a spherical orifice. These can include the height of water above the incision, the cross sectional area of the hole and the shape of the hole that the fluid is flowing through [New Century Senior Physics 2004]. But first of all, what is fluid?     Fluids are defined as any substance that cannot ...

Click here to read more arrow

Properties of Carbon Dioxide Vapour

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

9 (3,337 )

Greenhouse gases in global warming The greenhouse effect is necessary for Earth to regulate its temperature. Water vapour (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4), nitrous dioxide (N2O) and ozone (O3) are some of the gases that contribute to it. These gases are molecules that are made up of more than 2 component atoms. They vibrate upon absorbing thermal infrared radiation and then re-radiate ...

Click here to read more arrow

Terahertz Spectroscopy Approach

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

3 (830 )

Summary of the Papers Terahertz spectroscopy senses and controls belongings of substance with electromagnetic arenas that are in range of frequencies between hundreds of gigahertz to several terahertz. In Quantum mechanics based systems for interacting particles, several applicable conditions have an energy transformation that matches with the energy in Terahertz photons. Hence, THz spectroscopy delivers a particularly influential method in determining and adjusting individual evolutions ...

Click here to read more arrow

Characterising the Atmosphere of Proxima B

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

9 (3,255 )

  1.Intro As of April 2016, 582 extrasolar planets have been discovered (NASA) using Doppler spectroscopy, a method for detecting extrasolar planets by deducing their radial velocity from the Doppler shifts in the spectrum of the planets parent star. Using this method, Anglada-Escude et al (2016) recent observations have revealed a 1.3 Earth mass planet orbiting the red dwarf Proxima Centauri. Although Earth-like planets ...

Click here to read more arrow

Lift of a Flat Surface in Wind

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

10 (3,829 )

  When working with lift, there are several concepts[AR2]that need to be considered, most prominently Bernoulli's Principle. This principle, named for its creator Daniel Bernoulli, states that "when an incompressible, smoothly flowing fluid gains speed, internal pressure in the fluid decreases, and vice versa." (Hewitt, 2004) Put simply in terms of aerodynamics, Bernoulli states that when a fluid's speed increases, the pressure perpendicular to ...

Click here to read more arrow

Aluminium Heat Capacities

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

4 (1,349 )

Aim The aim of the experiment was to determine the specific heat capacities, with uncertainties, of two different materials; for the purposes of this experiment, it was chosen to be aluminium Introduction Specific heat capacity is defined as the quantity of heat energy, which will raise the temperature of unit mass (1kg) of a substance by 1K. It is usually denoted by c and expressed ...

Click here to read more arrow

Generation of Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

10 (3,800 )

Generation of Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation from Intense Laser-Plasma Interactions using Two-Colour Harmonics BRIEF HISTORY Over the past few decades breakthroughs in the production of intense laser fields have meant that multi-terawatt and even petawatt systems are now standard in laboratories**. This has been achieved through reduction of the pulse duration, originally from nanosecond pulses down to femtosecond and recently reaching attosecond levels (1as ...

Click here to read more arrow

Fraunhofer Diffraction Experiment

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

5 (1,931 )

INTRODUCTION Diffraction is one of the most important topics in optics, it refers to a spectacle which occurs when a wave encounters an obstacle or slit in its path. The wave will then bend around the edges or corners of the obstacle or aperture, into the region of a geometrical shadow of the obstacle. The Fraunhofer diffraction equation is used to model the diffraction of ...

Click here to read more arrow

Image Pre-compensation for Ocular Aberrations

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

11 (4,174 )

Introduction Motivation On-screen image pre-compensation has good prospect with the increasing usage of various display screen devices in our daily life. Comparing to glasses, contact glasses and ocular surgery, on-screen image pre-compensation can be easily carried out by computer calculation without any irreversible change in the eyes, as long as the ocular aberration is known. Further, since neither contact lenses nor glasses are ...

Click here to read more arrow

New Potential Class of Long Gamma-Ray Bursts

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

8 (2,844 )

Intro Since their discovery, a debate has been sparked over the classification of a new potential class of long gamma-ray bursts (LGRB) that possess ultra-long durations lasting at least 1000s, along with distinctly different x-ray and optical light curves to regular gamma-ray bursts (GRB) (Levan 2014). The search for members of the ultra-long gamma-ray burst (ULGRB) population is currently gaining traction, with some suggesting they ...

Click here to read more arrow

Development of Nano Technologies

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

8 (3,025 )

Introduction Extensive work has been put into the research of nanotechnology capabilities in the past decade and the findings have opened a new range of multi-functional materials in the industry. However, a major issue faced today is incorporating nano-particles into the final composite structure by using current infrastructure. New developments in the field, such as multifunctional materials with enhanced electrical, thermal and mechanical ...

Click here to read more arrow

Designing a Projectile Launcher

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

5 (1,945 )

INTRODUCTIONProjectile motion occurs when an object or particle is dropped or is fired at some initial velocity, where it moves along a curved path under the influence of gravity (Splung,2015). It is known that without air resistance the maximum range is achieved at a launch angle of 45° and is illustrated below in figure 1, the report will determine whether or not this remains true ...

Click here to read more arrow

Physics of the Bottle Flip Challenge

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

6 (2,276 )

One of the biggest trends of 2016 was the water bottle flip challenge, and almost everyone was trying their hand at it. But, there is much more to it than just skill and luck, and-even though the trend seriously died out-I'll be teaching you a few cheats that are going make you flip! Or at the very least give you the ability to become the ...

Click here to read more arrow

RPS in Galaxy Clusters Analysis

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

10 (3,928 )

Jellyfish: A spectroscopic study of ram-pressure stripping in massive galaxy clusters* ABSTRACT We continue our exploration of ram-pressure stripping (RPS) in massive galaxy clusters at z>0.3 by assessing the spectroscopic properties of RPS candidates selected previously based on their morphological appearance in Hubble Space Telescope images. We confirm cluster membership for 55 of our candidates, thereby tripling the number of RPS candidates known at z>0.2. Although many of these systems are too faint and too ...

Click here to read more arrow

Impact of Temperature on Viscosity of Liquid

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

18 (6,844 )

INTRODUCTION   Hydrodynamics, as defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary, is the 'branch of physics that deals with the motion of fluids, and the forces acting on solid bodies immersed in fluids and in motion relative to them' (2017). The study of fluids originated in Ancient Greece, was coupled with the works of Persian philosophers in Medieval times, and eventually, with many contributions made by ...

Click here to read more arrow

Implications of the TRAPPIST-1 Discovery

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

10 (3,623 )

The Search for Extra-Terrestrial Life in the Universe and the Implications of the TRAPPIST-1 Discovery Abstract Despite the absence of any discovery of life beyond the Earth in the Solar System, or communication in the form of radio signals from beyond the Solar System, humankind's quest to answer the question whether there is life elsewhere in the Universe continues apace. The answer to the question ...

Click here to read more arrow

Cardiovascular System in Parabolic Flight and Spaceflights

26 Jul 2017 11 Sep 2017

7 (2,685 )

Human Spaceflight: Alterations of the cardiovascular system during parabolic flights and spaceflights The purpose of this research is to identify the changes occurring during parabolic flights and spaceflights, where there's weightlessness. The importance of the cardiovascular system in space, is recognised as well as some of its fundamentals based on past researches. In addition, since parabolic flights are a way of experimenting physiological alterations in ...

Click here to read more arrow

Adaptive Optics Overview

26 Jul 2017

6 (2,139 )

Adaptive Optics Adaptive optics is a technological development used for optical system performance improvement. It works by reducing the effect of wavefront distortions. Light from a distant celestial object gets distorted as it passes through earth's atmosphere, thus a telescope located on earth's surface cannot form accurate images. It would take a telescope placed above Earth's surface, such as the Hubble Space telescope, to acquire ...

Click here to read more arrow

History of the Laser

23 Mar 2015 30 Jun 2017

10 (3,657 )

Keywords: laser technology, laser application INTRODUCTION The name LASER is an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Light is really an electromagnetic wave. Each wave has brightness and color, and vibrates at a certain angle, so-called polarization. This is also true for laser light but it is more parallel than any other light source. Every part of the beam has (almost) the exact ...

Click here to read more arrow

Leonhard Euler | An Introduction

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

4 (1,508 )

Born in Basel, Switzerland on 15th April 1707, Leonhard Euler was arguably the brightest mathematician of all time. The Swiss mathematician and physicist is considered a pioneer in many fields of mathematics. He introduced a lot of the mathematical terminology and notation used today and he is considered the father of mathematical analysis where, for instance, he introduced the notation of a mathematical function, f(x). His contributions ...

Click here to read more arrow

Fiber optics and its applications

23 Mar 2015 08 May 2017

10 (3,753 )

INTRODUCTION Nothing in the world gives us more power and confidence than having information. The ability to communicate information is essential to achieve the successful advancement of humankind. Transmission of information is imperative to the expansion of our horizons. What does this all have to do with fiber optics? This research paper will cover the basis of fiber optics in terms of its transmission, communication, origin, uses ...

Click here to read more arrow

Magnetic storage devices

23 Mar 2015 04 May 2017

6 (2,186 )

INTRODUCTION: Magnetic storage and magnetic recording are the term that refer to the storage of data on a magnetized medium. Magnetic storage uses different patterns of magnetization in a magnetizable material to store data and is a form of the non volatile memory. Using one or more read/write heads the information is accessed . Magnetic storage stores data by magnetizing microscopic particles on the surface of the ...

Click here to read more arrow

The safety features in modern cars

23 Mar 2015 03 May 2017

4 (1,225 )

There are many different types of safety feature in cars. The different safety features all have their own thing that they do. There are nine very important safety features that are needed in cars. They are seatbelts, airbags, head injury protection, head restraints, antilock brake system, traction control, all wheel drive, electronic stability control and weight. The two safety features that will be discussed in this report ...

Click here to read more arrow

Time dilation and length contraction

23 Mar 2015 03 May 2017

14 (5,567 )

INTRODUCTION: Time dilation is a phenomenon (or two phenomena, as mentioned below) described by the theory of relativity. It can be illustrated by supposing that two observers are in motion relative to each other, and/or differently situated with regard to nearby gravitational masses. Length contraction, according to Hendrik Lorentz, is the physical phenomenon of a decrease in length detected by an observer in objects that travel at ...

Click here to read more arrow

Uniformity of gamma camera images

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

10 (3,711 )

Introduction In 1958, Hal Anger developed the first ?- camera and forever changed the area of nuclear medical imaging. Anger's camera (also known as scintillation camera or gamma camera) used a 6 mm thick scintillation crystal (NaI) coupled to seven photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), each 3.5 cm diameter, arranged in a hexagonal shape. The crystal was used to convert the gamma rays into scintillation photos which would then ...

Click here to read more arrow

Frequency modulation the amplitude

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

7 (2,477 )

INTRODUCTION In frequency modulation the amplitude is kept constant and the frequency is modulated by the amplitude of the modulating signal. The modulation index for fm is m = maximum frequency deviation/modulating frequency. FM signal can be represented as:- v = ac sin(wct + m sin wmt ) ABSTRACT Frequency modulation is a type of modulation where the frequency of the carrier is varied in accordance with ...

Click here to read more arrow

What are solar cells in physics?

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

3 (876 )

What are Solar Cells? Solar cells are devices that work on the principle of Photovoltaic Effect. These tiny compact devices convert solar light energy directly into electricity. In Greek, Photo-means light whereas voltaic means electrical current or electricity (light-electricity). Since, a solar cell gives out direct current (DC) electricity; it could be used for various purposes such as to power DC motors and to light bulbs. They ...

Click here to read more arrow

Reflecting And Refracting Telescopes

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

6 (2,180 )

The telescope's invention is often pegged in 1608 with the award of a patent to Lippershey by the States-General, the name for parliament in the Netherlands. However, an Englishman, Thomas Harriott constructed an early, low-power version of the telescope and used it in August 1609 to observe the Moon, at the same time when Galileo presented a similar small instrument to the Venetian Senate. Galileo undertook his ...

Click here to read more arrow

Bistable Flip-Flop Experiment

24 Feb 2017

4 (1,219 )

Keywords: Bistable Flip-Flop, Standard SR NAND Flip-Flop, RST Flip-Flop Objectives: To study the properties and performance of cross-coupled inverting logic gates. To set up the gates in order to obtain an experience, in the same time able to understand the Bistable Flip-Flop. These circuits have been mostly replaced become a straightforward and effective design. These designs for applications including large dimension digital circuits. Although these ...

Click here to read more arrow

The universe is very vast

23 Mar 2015 22 Jun 2015

3 (1,141 )

The Scale of the Universe The Universe is very vast. Many unanswered questions of life lay hidden beneath this place so unfamiliar to our society. This mysterious dark sky that we are floating in is supposedly constantly expanding to no end. Is there an edge? Well apparently there is no center to this expansion nor is there a fixed scale we know of. It's just an overall ...

Click here to read more arrow

The extinction of the dinosaurs

23 Mar 2015

3 (980 )

Was it an asteroid that killed the dinosaurs? The extinction of the dinosaurs started in the cretaceous period, around 65 million years ago, and caused the loss of up to 70% of all life on earth. The way in which the dinosaurs died is a much argued topic which can be explained by a lot of theories one of which is the Asteroid theory. The Asteroid theory ...

Click here to read more arrow

An x-ray machine

23 Mar 2015

2 (450 )

How does an X-ray machine work? An X-ray machine is essentially a camera instead of visible light, however, it uses X-rays to expose the film. X-rays are like light in that they are electromagnetic waves, but they are more energetic so they can penetrate many materials to varying degrees. When the X-rays hit the film, they expose it just as light would. Since bone, fat, muscle, tumors ...

Click here to read more arrow

The field of nuclear physics

23 Mar 2015

7 (2,570 )

Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of atomic nuclei. The most commonly known applications of nuclear physics are nuclear power and nuclear weapons, but the research has provided wider applications, including those in medicine (nuclear medicine, magnetic resonance imaging), materials engineering (ion implantation) and archaeology (radiocarbon dating). The field of particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and, for ...

Click here to read more arrow

Oscilloscope The most useful instrument

23 Mar 2015

5 (1,903 )

INTRODUCTION Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO): An oscilloscope is easily the most useful instrument available for testing circuits because it allows you to see the signals at different points in the circuit. The best way of investigating an electronic system is to monitor signals at the input and output of each system block, checking that each block is operating as expected and is correctly linked to the next. ...

Click here to read more arrow

Defining And Understanding Holography Physics Essay

23 Mar 2015

4 (1,453 )

Holography, method of obtaining three-dimensional photographic images. These images are obtained without a lens, so the method is also called lensless photography. The records are called holograms (Greek holos, "whole"; gram, "message"). The theoretical principles of holography were developed by the British physicist Dennis Gabor in 1947. The first actual production of holograms took place in the early 1960s, when the laser became available. By the late 1980s the production ...

Click here to read more arrow

The quantum nature of charge

23 Mar 2015

6 (2,005 )

INTRODUCTION In this experiment you will experimentally determine the quantum nature of charge. Robert Millikan was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 1923 for the oil drop experiment. A simplistic schematic of his apparatus is shown below A spherical drop of oil, falling through a viscous medium like air, will quickly reach a constant velocity. When it reaches this equilibrium position, the viscous force is balanced ...

Click here to read more arrow

Microwave Motion Detector

23 Mar 2015

14 (5,519 )

CHAPTER NO: 1 MICROWAVE MOTION DETECTOR (MMD) 1.1 INTRODUCTION: “The Microwave Motion Detector (MMD) is a true microwave Doppler transmitter and receiver, solves difficult detection problems easily with the microwave motion detector, senses any moving body - be it a person, animal, car, bicycle or extra-terrestrial.” 1.2 WHY MICROWAVE MOTION DETECTOR: Understanding basic home security best practices could mean the difference between keeping your home safe and ...

Click here to read more arrow

The mechanical and electromagnetic wave

23 Mar 2015

3 (907 )

Introduction A wave is a moving disturbance that transports energy from one place to another without transporting matter. Any wave is characterized as sort of "disturbance" that travels away form its sources. There are two examples of waves, mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves. Mechanical waves travelling through a material medium, such as water waves, sound waves and the seismic waves caused by earthquakes. Particles in the medium ...

Click here to read more arrow

Kata pengantar

23 Mar 2015

3 (917 )

Puji syukur penyusun panjatkan ke hadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena atas rahmat dan hidayah-Nya kami dapat menyelesaikan tugas Research-Based Learning ini yang kami beri nama SuperPowerRanger. Makalah ini diajukan guna melengkapi tugas RBL Fisika Dasar IA. Kami mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Dosen Mata Kuliah Fisika Dasar, Bapak Maman Budiman, selaku dosen pembimbing kami dan semua pihak yang turut membantu sehingga tugas ini dapat terselesaikan dengan baik ...

Click here to read more arrow

Piezo-resistive pressure sensor

23 Mar 2015

9 (3,239 )

Introduction: Sensor is defined to be a device that can be responded to any type of signal and can receive those signals. The physical property of sensor is that it can convert any input into electrical signals with in electronic circuits. A sensor does not function itself because it is such larger system and consist of many detectors, signal processors and memory devices. In every device sensor ...

Click here to read more arrow

Fibre optics

23 Mar 2015

9 (3,590 )

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: History of all great works in to witness that no great work was ever done without either active or passive support of a person 'surrounding and one's close quarters. Thus is it not hard to conclude how active assistance from senior could positively impact the execution of a project .I am highly thankful to our learned faculty for her active guidance throughout the completion of project. ...

Click here to read more arrow

Determination of coefficient of expansion of air

23 Mar 2015

6 (2,191 )

INTRODUCTION This experiment is based on investigating the coefficient of expansion of air using a simple laboratory set up; the stopper flask method, where pressure is constant throughout the experiment. The increase in volume of a gas is directly proportional its temperature increase and is expressed as a fractional changed in dimensions per unit temperature change. Air will easily expand when it is heated and contract when ...

Click here to read more arrow

Efficiency of photovoltaic cells

23 Mar 2015

3 (881 )

This year's Nobel Prize has been awarded to an American physicist and chemist whose work paved the way to built efficient and low-cost polymer photovoltaic cells. Professor A. J. Heeger of University of California at Santa Barbara, US received the prestigious Nobel Prize for his research on polymer photovoltaic solar cells over the past two decades. In 1995 Heeger published a paper (science 270 1789), in which ...

Click here to read more arrow
ORDER TODAY!

Our experts are ready to assist you, call us to get a free quote or order now to get succeed in your academics writing.

Get a Free Quote Order Now