Discrimination Essay - Effects of Discrimination

23 Mar 2015 23 May 2017

5 (1,688 )

Keywords: effects of discrimination, discrimination in society As far as historical records show, no society or nation has been immune to discrimination, either as victim or victimizer. Contemporary forms of discrimination date back to when European colonizers penetrated and transformed previously isolated societies and peoples. The more extreme forms of discriminatory practices include genocide, slavery, legislated discrimination (such as Apartheid), discriminatory immigration laws, and disenfranchisement. Less extreme ...

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Do objects exist independent of the mind?

23 Mar 2015 22 May 2017

5 (1,878 )

Keywords: external material objects, theory of perception, epistemology philosophy This essay will investigate the question of whether mind independent objects exist according to John Locke and George Berkeley. John Locke reasons that objects do exist independently of our mind but this is not without some caveat. George Berkeley on the other hand argues that no material substances exist other than ideas or perceptions in our minds. Hence ...

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Defamation Laws: Freedom of Expression

23 Mar 2015 22 May 2017

5 (1,632 )

Keywords: defamation law effects, freedom of expression rights, human rights expression It is often claimed that defamation law has 'a chilling effect' on freedom of expression. What is problematic with this claim? Defamation requires an alleged fact which is false and which harms the reputation of another person (Dent & Kenyon, 2004). The statement claims that the right to freedom of expression is restricted when people are ...

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Theories on Dualism in Philosophy

23 Mar 2015 22 May 2017

8 (2,900 )

Keywords: substance and property dualism, soul philosophical theories, history of dualism Dualism in Philosophy is a theory which, at its basis, holds two radically distinct principles or concepts. One of the most commonly held interpretations of dualism is the concept of the existence of two distinct human entities, that of body and that of soul. It is this interpretation of dualism that the following explication will predominantly ...

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Critique of Utilitarianism Theory

23 Mar 2015 22 May 2017

8 (2,846 )

Utilitarianism as an independent ethical position only arose in the eighteenth century however fundamental utilitarian ideas can be found in the thoughts of philosophers such as Aristotle. It is a philosophical theory of morality or "how one should act" which has historical roots within the liberal tradition. The aim of utilitarianism is to make decisions on the basis of a calculation of consequences. As a moral theory, ...

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Ethical Debates in Abortion and Euthanasia

23 Mar 2015 22 May 2017

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Autonomy can be defined as self-rule and it is a persons or patients basic right. This principle means that an adult who is an informed and competent patient has the right to accept or refuse any treatments, drugs or surgical procedures. These decisions must be taken in to consideration even if these choices are not in the best interest of the patient. It is a healthcare professional's ...

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Finnis' Theory Of Natural Law

23 Mar 2015 19 May 2017

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"Critically assess the success of Finnis attempt to construct a theory of natural law based on practical reason and not on a universal view of morality as traditionally contended". The Natural Law - Introduction. It is possible to trace Natural Law thinking from primitive stages of simple societies where there was very little distinction between the religious and the secular - the spiritual and the physical. For ...

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The Meaning Of Trust | Philosophy

23 Mar 2015 19 May 2017

4 (1,272 )

When trusting someone or something, and you are able to build confidence in that object, allowing yourself to be less guarded around it, and allow it to influence us. A dictionary definition of this would be "enabling other people to take advantage of your vulnerabilities-but expecting that they will not do this." So how does this compare with how we objectify our emotions? Is it something that ...

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Platos Cave Analysis

23 Mar 2015 19 May 2017

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Imagine a subterranean cave in which humans are shackled by their necks to a single place. They have been held there all of their lives. Fires placed behind the group by unseen forces have left these prisoners to see their own shadows play upon a screen. Those held are not even aware that the images and shadows that they see are themselves. Yet, these shadows hold sway; ...

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Shawshank Redemption | Organizational Behaviour

23 Mar 2015 19 May 2017

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The movie I have chose in doing this assignment is Shawshank Redemption. This is a movie based on hope, friendship and strength. The Shawshank Redemption stars Tim Robbins as Andy Dufresne, he is the lead character and Morgan Freeman as Red. The original story is based on the book Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption written by Stephen King . Frank Darabont wrote the screenplay and directed the ...

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Gassendis Objection To Descartes Argument

23 Mar 2015 19 May 2017

3 (1,023 )

Gassendis objections to Descartes ontological argument for the existence of God are based, as many philosophical arguments are, on minor details within the Meditations. The objections for our purposes should be constrained to the first and second Meditations, as it is those that are most concerned with arguing for God's existence. Gassendi's objections are not quite enough to be considered strong enough to refute the argument laid ...

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Possession Of Knowledge: Ethical Responsibility

23 Mar 2015 19 May 2017

4 (1,307 )

What is ethical responsibility? Ethical responsibility means fulfilling obligations in all ethical areas, or as many areas as possible. When an ethical dilemma occurs, involved individuals must choose between wide varieties of ethical principles and weigh which ones should be emphasized. Possession of knowledge does carry an ethical responsibility because there are certain kinds of knowledge that inflict a compulsion or a challenge on the person who ...

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Study Of Knowledge | Empiricists Vs Rationalists

23 Mar 2015 19 May 2017

4 (1,337 )

The dispute between empiricism and rationalism begins within epistemology, the study of knowledge. Epistemology attempts to answer the questions: what is knowledge?, what can we know?, and what is the difference between opinion an knowledge? The study of knowledge began in Greece with the Pre-Socratic thinkers, as far back as the sixth and fifth centuries B.C.E. Zeno, a Pre-Socratic, is the first thinker to bring about the ...

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Abortion Is Murder: Debate

23 Mar 2015 19 May 2017

3 (964 )

With so many different complications and views, abortion is more complex than people may think. However, the decision of a persons position on abortion is based on that persons basic beliefs and principles. Everyone has different beliefs, but my belief is that abortion should be illegal. Going out in the world and killing an innocent person is illegal. A baby is innocent; it has not been able ...

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Transport In The Future

23 Mar 2015 19 May 2017

12 (4,736 )

Imagine that you wake up the morning and drink a cup of coffee and then enter your car and leave them free rein to take you to the headquarters of your business. Or imagine that you go on family leave, and you drive your car to the path of self-driving cars on the highway, and you press a button and then manages the throne, the direction of ...

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Plato | Introduction and Evaluation

23 Mar 2015 19 May 2017

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Plato An allegory, by definition, is a figurative mode of representation conveying a meaning other then the literal. An allegory is referred to as a figure of language but it does not need to be expressed this way. It can be expressed in pictures, sculptures, and other forms of art. The “Allegory of the Cave” is of that used by Plato within his work, The Republic. This ...

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Communication In Intimate Relationships

23 Mar 2015 19 May 2017

4 (1,536 )

What makes relationships successful? What kind of process do we go through to create an intimate relationship? What are some of the problems we encounter during them and how should we go about solving those issues? The questions above are some of the subjects I am going to tackle in this paper. Relationships can be very rewarding if the good outweighs the bad. The success in an ...

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The Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living | Discuss

23 Mar 2015 18 May 2017

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"The unexamined life is not worth living" (Socrates). The inquiry performed by those endowed with a rational element, consists of attaining an end towards which this inquiry directs itself towards. The life of inquiry is that experienced by human beings and not beasts; since beasts do not desire in a manner that seeks fulfillment outside of a bodily sense but rather live according to instincts and methods ...

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Categorical imperative described by Immanuel Kant

23 Mar 2015 18 May 2017

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The Categorical Imperative which was initially described by Immanuel Kant is the theory that a person is to "act only on the maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law" (O'Neill, 1993, p.177). He believed that individuals are able to behave in a moral way due to their ability to think rationally and freely when making choices. He ...

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Criticisms of the positivism approach

23 Mar 2015 18 May 2017

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This essay aims to explore and assess the criticisms that have been levelled at the application of 'positivism' within human geography. It will become clear that most of these criticisms follow two interlinked themes: The idea that such scientific and quantitative approaches rely on generalisation and are shallow by nature, and that positivism's objective approach tends to refuse acknowledgement of individuals and their experiences. However, despite the ...

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Are Humans Naturally Violent?

23 Mar 2015 18 May 2017

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It's evident that most human beings think that war can never be avoided and for these reason many of the societal ideas have been based on the concept that violence is part of human nature. Human social, scientific thinking, religious and political ideas are basically based on idea that every person is born a killer. Violence is much in us that it's rarely questioned by the society ...

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The Weak Animal Rights Position

23 Mar 2015 18 May 2017

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Mary Anne Warren proposes an animal rights argument known as the weak animal rights position. First, I will be describing Warren's description of the positions and the arguments in support of it. Next, I will propose the objection to Warren's position that using sentience as the distinguishing characteristic promotes detrimental environmental policy. Then, I will argue that sentient animals act as an umbrella species that protect the ...

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What Is The Gettier Problem?

23 Mar 2015 18 May 2017

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The Tripartite Theory of Knowledge, a theory which goes back as far as Plato, states that in order for one to possess knowledge, one must have justified true belief. In other words, if you carry a belief, that belief must be true and you must be able to justify it. The Tripartite Theory exists to provide a response to the question of what exactly knowledge is. Whilst ...

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Bhagwad Gita As Seen By Osho

23 Mar 2015 18 May 2017

7 (2,435 )

I have always been intrigued by one question the response to which I was always not able to a find or say this one question always confused me , baffled me or say that this very question always made me contemplate or say left me pondering. Every time I would see a court scene in a Hindi movie, I would find it very funny rather very strange. ...

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Utilitarianism: The War On Iraq

23 Mar 2015 18 May 2017

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Utilitarianism is the concept that the moral worth of an action is determined exclusively by its contribution to overall utility, that is, its contribution to happiness or pleasure as summed among all people. It is thus a form of consequentialism, meaning that the moral significance of an action is concluded by its outcome. Often described as "the greatest good for the greatest number of people" [1] , the topic ...

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What Is Ethical Hacking?

23 Mar 2015 18 May 2017

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Nowadays any kind of information for every single person in the world is held in database somewhere in the world. Every company and organization works with, stores and uses personal information of some kind every day. This makes them responsible for its unassailability but because of the big number of the skilled IT professionals who have interest of stealing that information and use it for other purposes ...

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Plato's Practice Of Death

23 Mar 2015 18 May 2017

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In the Phaedo, Plato argues that a true philosopher practices death as if at every moment life were behind him. To understand what Plato meant by a true philosopher practicing death, it is imperative to define philosophy, and death according to Plato and Socrates. Philosophy is defined as the love and search for wisdom. On a deeper level, it refers to the search of what makes a ...

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The Singer Solution To World Poverty

23 Mar 2015 18 May 2017

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Poverty is the state of people who do not have a certain amount of income to achieve the basic needs. Peoples buying power is not enough to pay their basic need from food. In the article Peter Singer's to ground the conclusion that it is morally wrong not to donate time and money to aid agencies. In Singer's analogy it is stated that not saving a child ...

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Is Cloning Playing God?

23 Mar 2015 18 May 2017

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Imagine sitting down, all of the sudden, you look to your left, and what do you see. Yourself, as a seven-year-old child, but wait a minute, you are 30 years of age. This child is genetically identical to you, however, his parents are not yours; and although you see many similarities, this child is acting in a way you have never acted. This child as you can ...

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Approaches To Political Science

23 Mar 2015 18 May 2017

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During the post- World War II period the predominant impetus that gave augmentation to behaviouralism as an approach to political science was the end of colonialism, and the subsequent birth of many new nation states. There was a general consensus that "political science had to get into the game and offer assistance for national development if it was to be relevant to the contemporary world" (Pye: 2006, ...

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Difficulties Of Rene Descartes Cogito

23 Mar 2015 18 May 2017

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The most important contribution of René Descartes in the history of Philosophy is his cogito. In the same way, however, the cogito has also been the most critical problem of his philosophy. This essay will focus more on the difficulties of the cogito. But first, on the side of the cogito: one importance of the cogito is that it is the byproduct of the Method, which is ...

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Evaluating The Banality Of Evil Thesis

23 Mar 2015 18 May 2017

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The word 'evil' exists in many cultures universally around the world. The word evil was previously, on the whole, limited to religious and secular beliefs. However, although the word exists around the world, the meaning of 'evil' is not collective. James Waller (2002:12) argues that part of the reason for this is because the word has been overused. Waller explains that people replace 'wrong' or 'shocking' with ...

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Nozick's Wilt Chamberlain argument

23 Mar 2015 18 May 2017

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Explain and evaluate Nozick's Wilt Chamberlain argument. In Robert Nozick's famed Anarchy,State, and Utopia Nozick uses the example of a basketball player who becomes considerably richer than the rest of the population to demonstrate that liberty is incompatible with any patterned theory of distributive justice. This argument, if successful, would be a considerable challenge for Rawls because his theory prioritises liberty in his conception of justice but ...

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Korsgaards Position About Lying To The Murderer

23 Mar 2015 18 May 2017

5 (1,884 )

In this paper I will discuss Christine M. Korsgaard's position about lying to the murderer at the door in response to Immanuel Kant's view regarding the matter. I will then give two objections to her view and explain why I don't find her account to be very persuasive. Then, I will argue why I believe that lying to the murderer at the door is permissible in my ...

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Socrates And Aristotle On Virtues

23 Mar 2015 18 May 2017

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Socrates and Aristotle are both ancient philosophers. In their work they both taught on the idea of ethics and virtues. They believed in virtues but their understanding of what is means to be virtuous were different (Lutz, 1998). This is why their teaching on virtue as well as their lives and decisions contradicted. This paper is a critical comparison between Aristotle's account of virtue and Socrates' account ...

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The Principle of Fidelity | Comparison to Socrates

23 Mar 2015 18 May 2017

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While some try to escape prison when they are imprisoned for a crime, Socrates argued for his imprisonment. Socrates provides Crito with three reasons for staying in prison, Principle of Filial Piety, Principle of Fidelity and Non-Malificence argument. For the purpose of my argument, I will show how the Principle of Fidelity and Principle of Filial Piety are flawed arguments. In this paper I will outline arguments ...

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The Importance Of Relationships

23 Mar 2015 18 May 2017

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To better understand the argument of friendships and their potential cause of instability in the hierarchical structure of Confucian thought put forth by Norman Kutcher (2000), I examined three sources discussed in this paper. In his article "The Confucian Concept of Man: The Original Formulation", Scott Morton (1971) presents the general idea of Confucian thought and explains the ideas and concept of man. To go into further ...

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Existential Anxiety And Neurotic Anxiety

23 Mar 2015 18 May 2017

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Many theorists distinguish between anxiety and fear. While fear is a response to a specific, objective and defined threat, anxiety is internal and objectless. It is a free-floating feeling of unease and apprehension that something bad is going to happen. It is accompanied with physical sensations such as choking and tightness, warning the person of a potential danger (Cohn, 1997; Spinelli, 2007). However, this distinction does not ...

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Positivism And Natural Law | Philosophy

23 Mar 2015 17 May 2017

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Explain and differentiate between positivism and natural law and how these schools of thoughts perceived the meaning, function and purpose of law. Positivism is a law that is made by human beings. The note that the term positive does not mean "good" in this context, but "man-made" or "posited" (cf. posit). More specifically, positive law may be characterized as "[l]aw actually and specifically enacted or adopted by proper ...

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The Philosophy of Gift Giving

23 Mar 2015 17 May 2017

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The gift is primarily about the relationships being transacted, about the people involved in these transactions rather than the ceremonial giving and receiving of things (Carrier 1995: 19). Write an essay evaluating the role of alienable and inalienable goods in underscoring the importance of exchange transactions. In order for us to take an in depth look at the idea of gift giving and the relationships involved in ...

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Machiavelli And Friedrich | A comparison

23 Mar 2015 17 May 2017

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It is interesting to note that Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) and Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) share a great deal of similarity, so that in fact, both have at one time been referred by the clergy of their times as the herald of the antichrist. Nevertheless, the similarity that exists between the two is mainly underpinned by their philosophical standpoints, given that Machiavelli's and Nietzsche's philosophical postulations were characterized by ...

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Strengths And Weaknesses Of Eliminative Materialism

23 Mar 2015 17 May 2017

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Eliminative Materialism puts forward serious arguments that are worth into consideration and ultimately embracing. It is viable and holds very valid arguments that can shape the course of philosophy in order to slot it within the modern thought that is driven by empiricism. It has its weaknesses and strengths even though its effects have cut across the world within the platforms of both formal and informal philosophical ...

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Premarital Sex And Promiscuity Theories

23 Mar 2015 17 May 2017

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This essay will be discussing the topic of promiscuity and premarital sex from both Elliston's and Punzo's theories. According to Punzo on Premarital sex, it is for two people to have engaged in a sexual contact/intercourse without having the full commitment but on the other hand, promiscuity according to Elliston it is to have sex with many different people without having any commitment. When comparing both, Punzo ...

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'Doubt Is The Key To Knowledge' Discuss.

23 Mar 2015 17 May 2017

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People created proverbs and used to apply them when experiences similar to the one which resulted in the construction of the proverb reoccurred. The Persians had one of the most famous proverbs that are still used in our time; they used to say "doubt is the key to knowledge", but to what extent is this phrase true? Through the areas and ways of knowledge, this proverb will ...

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Theory Of Natural Selection By Darwin

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

5 (1,862 )

This paper gives an explanation of Darwin's theory of natural selection. As well, the paper fully gives a description of natural selection in terms of "modern evolutionary synthesis" of the 20th century. The paper also gives application of the principles of natural selection to explain the current problem of antibiotics resistance in bacteria. Finally the paper gives a summary of scientific theories about evolution before Darwin's discovery ...

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Communitarianism: The Best Political Ideology?

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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Political ideologies have developed over the decades and new political ideologies have been introduced into political theory and philosophy. Communitarianism is a recent development in political ideology that is viewed by many as a criticism of liberalism. It draws on ideas from previous schools of thought. It revolves around the community and the individuals comprising it, rather than the individual being at the center, which is what ...

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The Germ Theory Of Disease

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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The germ theory of disease is a theory that suggests that all types of specific infectious diseases are caused by micro-organisms called "germs". This theory was developed by Louis Pasteur through the influence of Antoine Bechamp. Observation and questioning stage: 1854: Pasteur, the 19th century biologist and chemist, becomes the director of scientific studies where he had studied. 1857: He begins his work on the theory of ...

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Ethical And Legal Analysis Of Mckinnon Case

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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This assignment I based upon an article published online on the 15th of May 2009 by popular computing Magazine PC Pro (see appendix A). The article discussed Gary McKinnon who has been accused of hacking a number of United States (US) NASA, Army, Navy, Department of Defence, and Air Force systems. His US prosecutors insist he was acting with malicious intent and that he caused damage worth ...

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What humans need to survive

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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While doing research for this paper I learned a lot about myself that you will not necessarily know about. For this assignment I had to dig deeper to fine answers and be able to give feedback on my findings. I discovered what the world depends on and how the hierarchy of needs are evident in our everyday lives. This project clearly explains my opinions on the human ...

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Klein's Theory Of The Paranoid Schizoid Position

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

4 (1,552 )

Through this essay, I am going to discuss Melanie Klein's theory of the Paranoid-Schizoid position, referring to some of the defence mechanisms which the infant uses. I will also illustrate how parts of the Paranoid-Schizoid position are conveyed through Ridley Scott's film, Alien (1979). Melanie Klein believed the first object which the infant relates to in the external world is its mother. During the Paranoid-Schizoid position, the ...

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The Rationality Of Azande Witchcraft

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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Rationality is the way in which we come to form our decisions and views, to say that something is 'rational,' one might say that it is characterised by reason. Rationality arose in the 17th and 18th centuries when philosophers, such as Descartes and Locke, started declaring that the use of reason was the best method of obtaining objective truths. It was also at this time that science ...

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Macbeth | Analysis | Morality

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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The question of morality goes well in hand with the story of Macbeth, the wayward man who chose, at the encouragement of his wife, to kill the king. Morality is more than just the typical right and wrong, it's also about good and evil. "The only elements that have proved satisfying in Shakespeare's ending is the clear and unambiguous triumph of good over evil" (Orgel and Braunmuller, ...

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Rene Descartes And Rationalism

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

4 (1,336 )

Rene Descartes' method of doubt centers on destroying knowledge to reconstruct knowledge thus, gaining certainty. To do so, one has to first doubt everything. This in my opinion promotes a certain kind of disunity in the world of knowledge, thus leading to no definite knowledge. Descartes states that in order for man not to be deceived by the supreme and powerful being (the devil), man will have ...

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Puritanism Versus Deism Analysis

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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The seventeenth century colonists all respected the Bible. Both Puritans and Deists believed in God. However, the way in which they perceived God in their own lives differed. While Puritans believed God to be all encompassing taking the inevitably evilness of human nature and saving them through his grace; the Deist belief deems that humans are inherently good and the decisions they make ultimately effect their own ...

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The Critical Legal Studies Movement

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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The Critical Legal Studies (CLS) movement came to the fore in the United States (US) in the 1970's. This movement is a body of like-minded thinkers who claim to attack the virtues that they say are proclaimed by the liberal legal system. It is a radical theoretical movement which rejects the distinction between law and politics and the notion that law can be neutral and value free. ...

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The Theory Of Functionalism

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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The theory of functionalism is the oldest, and may also be the most dominant theoretical perspective of sociology. Functionalism agrees that brain states are responsible for mental states, but disagrees that they tend to be identical to each other. It is the argument from a functionalist perspective, that, the brain activity or neurological states are what realizes mental states, which in turn lead to the behavioural output ...

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The Problem Of Evil By John Hick | Analaysis

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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In this final paper I review the contemporary issue "The Problem of Evil" by John Hick on pages 143 to 147 of the Burr & Goldfinger text. Hick has four main points in his article. First, that within the Christian doctrine there is no dilemma concern the existence of Evil because Second, the concept of Evil is necessary for the measuring of actions so that Third, human ...

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Models In The Search For Knowledge

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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10. A model is a simplified representation of some aspect of the world. In what ways may models help or hinder the search for knowledge? Models as representations of one or another aspect of the world are applied in a vast number of areas. There are many types of models in numerous areas of knowledge including the natural sciences and mathematics. Models are valuable tools, though sometimes ...

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Relationship between philosophy and science

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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The essence of philosophy lies in "know thyself" as Greek philosopher Socrates defined his motto of life. Indeed, this search for self identity arose when human race first experienced consciousness in the course of evolution. So, it may be argued that philosophy (which comes from the Greek word, phileîn, which means to 'love') is as old as the very beginning of human civilization.If we analyze the works ...

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Disadvantages Of Using Thermodynamics

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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Please find my enclosed my report entitled :What kind of things that related with thermodynamics field can contribute our daily life. I trust you will find the report has covered the question in a comprehensive fashion. Should there be any questions regarding this report, please do not hesitate to contact me at the address. I will also include my email address, so that initial contact can be ...

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Paradigm And Paradigm Shifts

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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The word paradigm first appeared in English in the 15th century. It comes from Greek, meaning "an example or pattern," and it still holds this meaning today. For nearly 400 years it has also been applied in varieties of grammatical properties including verbs, nouns, and other parts of speech of a language. In linguistics, Ferdinand de Saussure used it to refer to a class of elements with ...

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Philosophical Concept Of Friendship

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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I would like to discuss in this paper the concept of "friendship" and its significance in our life. The concept of "friendship" has old roots and Aristotle defined it many centuries ago. I think we should think about this notion through the historical perspective and also connect it with our today's reality. I would like to present in this several definitions of friendship and they will reflect ...

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Science And God In Frankenstein

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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What is science? In the nineteenth century many believed it was attempting to play God. During this era new scientific discoveries in Europe were immense, and controversy over them was extreme. Not only did this new movement challenge the principles of Christianity but the belief in God. "Mary Shelley's Frankenstein through Victor Frankenstein's perilous journey shows the destruction behind man's thirst for scientific knowledge and the ethical ...

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The Value Of Happiness In The Workplace

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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To write this essay, I mixed the main findings of the text and included some additional references with my own opinion. I believe that the text wants us to reflect on this question: does work allow happiness? In our contemporary society, and especially for someone like me who is starting my professional career, I think it is a relevant question, a controversial topic very interesting to discuss, ...

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Vindication Of The Rights Of Woman

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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When in 1792 the French minister for education proposed a revolutionary system of state-supported system of public education for men only, Mary Wollstonecraft was outraged. As a concrete embodiment of the French revolution's promise to redress the wrongs of past, this proposal seemed a betrayal of all that the revolution stood for. Wollstonecraft responded with A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, arguing a simple principle: that ...

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Is There Life On Mars?

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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In order to conclude whether a life-form can exist on Mars, much research must be done in order to gain an understanding of its atmosphere, surface, nutrients and minerals available to possible biological life-forms on the planet. Mars is the fourth planet in our Solar System and is known as the Red Planet due to iron oxide found on the surface. Having been studied for decades, Mars ...

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David Hume: Philosophy Analysis

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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David Home was born in Edinburgh, Scotland in spring 1711. Hume originally studied law but then changed his mind and decided to focus only on philosophy and learning. He also had no interest in professors, saying "there is nothing to be learnt from a Professor, which is not to be met with in Books." He traveled to France at age 23, and it was there that he ...

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Morality And Ethics In Law Enforcement

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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Ethics is defined as study of moralitys effect on conduct: the study of moral standards and how they affect conduct. Morality is accepted moral standards; standards of conduct that are generally accepted as right or wrong. The paper will attempt to show dilemmas that law enforcement agencies face and why it is necessary for the law enforcement agencies to establish efficient and effective guidelines for law enforcement. ...

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State Of Nature: Hobbes And Locke

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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Thomas Hobbes and John Locke applied fundamentally similar methodologies and presuppositions to create justifications for statehood; both have a belief in a universal natural law made known to man through the exercise of reason, which leads to political theories that define the rise of states. From beginning to end, Hobbes and Locke struggle to answer the essential question: Can sovereignty be divided? Though the two authors answer ...

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Is Alcoholism A Disease?

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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This paper explores ten published articles that report about alcoholism. There are two sides: alcoholism is a disease or not a disease. Most of articles agree with a statement "alcoholism is a disease". However, some argue that alcoholism is just a treatable addiction and a choice. Also, people think alcoholism was named to help people recognize "alcoholism is a serious problem". It can be compared to diabetes ...

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Analysis Of The Cartesian Dualism

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

4 (1,274 )

There is the relationship between a reason and an action when the reason explains the action by giving the agent's reason for doing what he did. The reason explains the action in this way (a reason that "rationalizes" the action) also causes the action. There is some confusion, then, about reasons for action. The idea of a "reason for action" seems to some most naturally to pick ...

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The Theory Of Knowledge

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

5 (1,747 )

Option 3; "Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited to all we now know and understand, while imagination embraces the entire world, and all there ever will be to know and understand." (Albert Einstein) Do you agree? Alexandra Albers Einstein's quote is essentially a tautology, as it says the same thing twice. The statement defines, to a certain extent, both knowledge and imagination in ...

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Dworkin's Theory Of Law As Integrity

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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Integrity in law essentially is a theory about the interpretation of the law. Dworkin proposed a view that the interpretation in the law should be guided by the concept of integrity. He believes that the basic issue of the Philosophy of Right is not a semantic one, but one that 'what is the best interpretation for legal practice'. Because the proper goal of Philosophy of Right is ...

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Theoretical Perspective Of Principal Agent Theory

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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According to Random House Dictionary, theory is "a coherent group of general propositions used as principles of explanation for a class of phenomena". In the formal meanings of the term, theory has the following three meanings (Frederickson and Smith, 2003): Theory in the natural sciences is the rigorous testing of predictive theorems or assumptions using observable and comparable data. The tested and verified hypotheses constitute the foundation ...

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The Morality Of Mercy Killing

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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Why is there such a thing in our world that is called mercy killing?, why? In this report I will discuss about euthanasia or mercy killing. Euthanasia is the deliberate killing of a person for the benefit of that person. In most cases euthanasia is carried out because the person asks to die, but there are cases where a person can't make such a request. A person ...

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History: The Act Of God Defence

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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The Law of Tort is a developing and ever dynamic field and is a conception evolving through centuries. This field is used with principles under which tortuous liability can be demanded. Simultaneously, certain other principles are used, to oppose these claims for compensation. These counter claims, or defences are used to evict those innocent citizens from tortious liability who have been unfairly implicated with claims imposed on ...

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Professional Ethics: Compare And Contrast

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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Professionals carry a lot of moral responsibilities to those in the population in general, and to society. Professionals can act on informed decisions that the public cannot, because the public lacks the knowledge that the professional has. There are several ethical principles that dictate how a professional should act in a business setting. These ethical principles have many similarities but are ultimately very distinct. Teleology is a ...

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Ethical Implications Of Layoffs And Downsizing

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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The business world has been facing a tough and complex market environment in the recent years. As the economy swings down, majority of firms try find themselves is try to cut some costs and increase profit to survive in the market for long-period. One of the easiest ways to cut cost is through reducing staff and layoff jobs. The elimination of jobs will certainly reduce some expenses ...

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Abortion: An Ethical Issue

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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Abortion means terminating pregnancy. Abortion is widespread now days all over the world. Abortion is the most controversial subject when it comes to ethical issue. Ethical issues in abortion involve a constant battle between freedom and life. As per the article given in website www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/abortion, there are two groups of people: Pro-choice and Pro-life. Pro-choice people are for freedom. They consider it unethical to take away a ...

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Platos' Allegory Of The Cave: Importance Today

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

7 (2,500 )

Our society so values education that sociologists have recognized the problem of "over-education" (Hadjicostandi). Many people are spending years pursuing degrees which they simply do not need for the jobs they perform. It is therefore prudent for students to question whether pursuing a liberal education is really as important as our society believes. What is the point of a college education? Does it have any purpose beyond ...

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Comparison: Buddhism And Jainism

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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1) There are many similarities and many differences between Buddhism and Jainism. To begin, we will start by discussing the similarities in both. In Jainism and Buddhism rather than having a God or creator there is a teacher. Both religions do not accept the permanent power of God as the creator of the world. Buddha and the last of the 24 thirthankaras (mahavira) spread their experience of ...

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Camus: The Stranger And Existentialism

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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Existentialism is freedom and choice. It is impossible to define existentialism. We can witness some aspects of existentialism in The Stranger. Existentialists want to direct our attention to our individuality. They force us to think about the existence and nature of God, being a Christian, our values, and our death. Only mankind defines itself through the act of living. First you exist, and then the individual emerges ...

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The Power Of Words In Influencing Attitudes

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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To recognize how words have the power to create and affect attitudes, behavior, and perception one must first understand their own conscience and belief system. Words have meaning, but no power unless the perceived mental state of an individual gives power to the words spoken that have been heard. In another essay I authored in another class, which is most appropriate for this updated essay on the ...

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Merits And Demerits Of Utilitarianism

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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Over the history of philosophy, utilitarianism has been widely regarded as an influential and convincing approach to normative ethics. It would not be possible to dissect and thoroughly discuss the many varieties of utilitarian ethics instead I will attempt to discuss the theory in broader less distinctive terms, and in particular the views of prominent utilitarian theorists John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham. Utilitarianism is generally held ...

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Describing And Defining Conscience

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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According to the definition in Colliers encyclopaedia, conscience is the human beings direct or deliberate conviction of right or wrong in resistance to the humans strong impulses and desires, conscience is the force that makes one recognise what one ought to do and bids one to do it. The problem of conscience involves two questions; what is its nature and its origin, and what is its authority? ...

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Socrates's Theory of Forms

03 Oct 2016 15 May 2017

6 (2,188 )

Theory of Forms Introduction Knowledge about the world is developed by basing on the things we see, listen and perceive and the information about these things is dependent on the senses and our perception about them. The knowledge and the perception, about even the most common things in the world are dependent on the general concept that exists about them. The descriptions of the things are ...

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Influential Thinkers In Enlightenment

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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The most significant development in the 18th century was intellectual progress, known as the Enlightenment. It is a thought movement which gathered various conceptions of god, nature and human beings to a kind of world outlook. Many people approve it. The movement caused revolution changes in art, philosophy and politics. It also advocated reason, suspected church authorities and Feudalism. The ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers had a ...

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Defining And Evaluating Existentialism

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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Existentialism is a Humanism, to be human is defined by an existence (physical existence) that precedes its essence (true nature). As such, if existence is problematic, and it is towards the development of a full existentialist theory of what it is to be human that Sartre's work logically evolves. In relation to what will become Being and Nothingness, Sartre's early works can be seen as providing important ...

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The Ethical Issues Of Abortion

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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Mention the term ethics to a given group of people and it will be amazing the spurred debate on the same. It is a subject spurring debate not only among the scholars but also among the non-scholars within the society. One simply question creating problems is the actual definition or understanding of the term ethics and its relationship to the human actions and relations. With the universal ...

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Relationship Between Freedom And Authority

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

6 (2,077 )

In this essay I will discuss the relationship between freedom and authority in Jean-Jacques Rousseau's essay The Social Contract, and John Stuart Mill's essay On Liberty. I will argue through my comparison of each philosopher that Mill's conception of liberty is the richer and more persuasive of the two. Rousseau's conception of freedom in The Social Contract is that people attain their freedom through a transformation from ...

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The Practical Use of Research

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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The term Research is an often misused term. Its usage in everyday language is very different from the strict scientific meaning. The Oxford Dictionary of Current English defines it as "the study of materials and sources in other to establish facts and reach new conclusions". The term Research is a multi-faceted concept that has attracted numerous views. It is both a process and an outcome. But no ...

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Conflict: Newton Vs Leibniz

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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Mathematicians everywhere contributed to the development of Calculus. However, the two most known founders of calculus are Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Nowadays, the credit is handed over to both men. Nevertheless, a controversy took place over which of them deserved the recognition. The controversy was both intense and widespread. Isaac Newton: Isaac Newton is known as one of the greatest scientists who have ever lived; ...

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Aristotle: The Three Kinds Of Friendship

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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In book VIII of Aristotle's The Nicomachean Ethics (1999; 1156a6 - 1156a30), the notion of 'The Three Kinds of Friendship' (Philia) is expressed. Holding that there are three basic kinds or species of friendship that bind us together expressing that in respect to each there exists a mutual and recognised love. Utility, pleasure, virtue and the good can attract and bind us together in an association of ...

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John Dalton And Atomic Theory

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

4 (1,255 )

John Dalton was the originator of atomic theory, which theory provided scientists with new ways of seeing the physical world. Atomic weights and fixed ratios of atoms inside compounds provided researchers with the knowledge to explore chemical compositions of matter. Dalton's new information on atomic weights allowed a Russian chemist, Dmitry Mendeleyev, to create the periodic table of elements. This table provided the means for discovering new ...

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The Concept Of Time In Architecture

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

5 (1,914 )

Time is a very important factor for the design process of a park. Time ειναι μια εννοια αφηρημενη, every person apprehends time differently. The issue of time always preoccupies the landscape architects, and regardless their intentions, their design will be surely affected by time, or from natural processes or from human interventions, a park has continuity, whereas in architecture time can be totally excluded. Time is located ...

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Euthyphro And Failure Of Definition

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

4 (1,528 )

In the Euthyphro, Socrates and Euthyphro contemplate over what is piety. What makes something pious and what makes something impious, that's the question throughout the text, but it all comes down to the value of a definition. In the end it's uncertain whether piety is even defined and agreed by both sides. Socrates though develops criteria of a definition and ethical values on his own in the ...

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Life And Work Of Abu Ali Ibn Sina

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

3 (1,103 )

Ibn Sina, Abu Ali (Latin Avicenna) (980-1037), a scholar of encyclopedic, physician and philosopher. He was born near Bukhara in Afshane 16 August 980. The father of Ibn Sina, Bukhara officer, a native of Balkh, while the capital of Greco-Bactrian kingdom, gave his son a systematic education at home, awakened in him at an early age the desire for knowledge. Soon, Abu Ali has surpassed his teacher ...

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Rational Choice Theory: Death Penalty

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

6 (2,277 )

The death penalty has been debated over and over with no clear solution to whether it should be continued or be abolished. One thing is clear and to provide an argument for the death penalty can be made with the rational choice theory (RCT)/deterrence theory (DT). "In their model, Cornish and Clark (1986) understood that people are not "empty vessel" when they approach a situation in which ...

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Analysing The Concept Of Karma

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

4 (1,369 )

The Hindu and Buddhist religions both believe in karma. In the Hindu religion karma influences how you are born in your next life. You can be born in lower life forms such as an animal, plant, or insect. You could even be born into a lower caste system. It works the opposite way as well and can cause you to be reborn in a higher form even ...

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Analysis Of Traditional Utilitarianism

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

5 (1,746 )

Traditionally, utilitarianism principle holds that any action is ethically right if and only if the total outcomes of the same act are more than the outcomes produced by any other action an agent could have done in its place. According to utilitarianism only one action is right in the final analysis: the action whose net benefits are much more when compared to the ultimate benefits of other ...

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