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Natural Zeolite as a Cost-effective Opacifier

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

8 Pages (3,128 Words)

Ali Ghafarinazari1, 2 ïÂ›ï€ªïÂÂ, Esfandiar Amiri1, Mahnaz Karbassi3, Morteza Soroor1, Talieh Rajabloo3 Abstract Zircon as an opacifier material is under the very real risk of being replaced. This is mainly because of two reasons: the anticipated shortage of high-quality grade zircon, and high costs associated with the production of zircon as an opacifier material, which is resulting in upward pressure on zircon prices. ...

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Analysis of Solubility and Forming Microemulsions

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,678 Words)

Chapter 5 Materials and methods to study formulation models 5.1. Materials Oils and Surfactants: Ethyl Oleate obtained from Sigma-Aldrich; FK-Sunflower Oil obtained from Fresenius Kabi; FK-MCT Oil obtained from Fresenius Kabi; Miglyol 840 obtained from Sasol; Tween 80 viscous liquid obtained from Sigma-Aldrich; Labrasol obtained from Gattefossé; Model API. Devices: Sartorius, Scale Extend, Model ED2245; IKA RET basic, magnetic stirrer; Thermo Electron Corporation, HERAEUS ...

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Givotia Moluccana Analysis

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

13 Pages (5,187 Words)

MATERIALS AND METHODS 4.1. PLANT MATERIAL 4.1.1. COLLECTION OF PLANT The plant aerial parts of Givotia moluccanawas collected and Authentified by Dr. K. Madhava Chetty, Department of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi (AP). 4.1.2. PREPARATION OF THE EXTRACT The dried leaves of G. moluccana was collected, cleaned, dried and powdered in a grinder - mixer to obtain a coarse powder and then passed through 40 mesh ...

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Synthesis and Growth of HAp Crystals

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,563 Words)

Results and discussions Synthesis of HAp/Chitosan/Dopamine films Two types of HAp-chitosan composite films were prepared: HAp-chitosan films with and without dopamine (Figure 1). The weight ratio between HAp and chitosan in the films was fixed to 50 wt% since the HAp content in human bones is about 50-70wt% in dry weight28-30. In comparison with the 50 wt% HAp-chitosan, 70 wt% HAp-chitosan films containing dopamine were also ...

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Analysis of Cherry Flavour using GC-MS

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

10 Pages (3,780 Words)

Tziamourani Athanasia Analysis of cherry flavour using GC-MS and development of a recombinate Cherry is one of the most important fruits globally and a non-climacteric stone fruit, mainly grown in temperate climate countries. The most important factors that contribute to the uniqueness of cherry include skin colour, sweetness (sugar content), sourness (organic acid content), fruit firmness, fruit weight and aroma. The compounds that contribute ...

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Studies on Bioactive Tetrahydro Pyrimidine

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,300 Words)

Chapter- 1 General Introduction 1 Chapter 1 General Introduction 1.1 Heterocycles in drug discovery Currently pharmaceutical manufacturing is facing many problems for research and development due to high costs and changeless existence of moieties in these days. According to research of human genome we got assumption that at least 1000 genes are involved in identified and non identified disease. For that research about 20,000 human genome ...

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Proton-proton Coupling Constant

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,232 Words)

Easily recognized splitting patterns found in various spectra provide the chemical shifts of the different sets of hydrogen that generate the signals differ by two or more ppm. The patterns are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the proton chemical shift, and the central lines are always stronger than the outer lines. The most commonly observed patterns have been given descriptive names, such as doublet (two ...

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Hybrid Pharmacophores as Anti-inflammatory Agents

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

3 Pages (1,148 Words)

CHAPTER VII SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION The Synthesis of molecules that are important in the control of ageing diseases is very important in the present decades. The compounds like Diarylsulfonylurea-chalcone may act as anti-inflammatory agents that may be linked as network to several diseases. The synthetic compounds have the abilities to act as preventive compounds having therapeutic action. In the present decade, one can consider synthetic products ...

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Chromatography Lab Report

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

10 Pages (3,895 Words)

GC-1 (Gas Chromatography) Experiment 1, 2, 3 & 4 Experiment 1:- Determination of ethanol content of a mouthwash using an internal standard Experiment 2:- Determination of oxygenates in gasoline Experiment 3:- Qualitative and Quantitative analysis of BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene) Experiment 4:- Determination of volatile compounds by headspace analysis Anil Kumar Introduction & Theory The experiments performed in this lab were ...

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Mechanisms of Adsorption of Aormatic Nitrogen Compounds

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

21 Pages (8,214 Words)

MECHANISMS OF ADSORPTION OF AORMATIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS AND AROMATIC COMPOUNDS ON METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS (MOFs) by JUN DAI Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) constitute a class of novel porous materials which have attracted significant interest due to their application in separation, storage, catalyst and sensing. Large surface area and porous cavity make MOFs excellent absorbents with huge uptake capacity. In this paper, we studied adsorption mechanisms of adsorption ...

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Carbon Nonmaterial From Non-renewable Oil Resource Synthesis

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,811 Words)

Synthesis and characterization of carbon nonmaterial from non-renewable oil resources by catalytic CVD Introduction Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nano materials that obtain amazing properties, which find effectiveness in wide applications such as gas storage, sensor, catalyst, drug delivery system, and solar cell (Chen et al., 2012; Schnorr & Swager, 2011). Carbon nanotube has been discovered by Iijima in 1991 (Iijima, 1991). Then Iijima found that Carbon ...

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Solubility Characteristics Between Organic Compounds

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,494 Words)

Objective: The objective of this experiment is to study the relative solubility of organic compounds in various solvents. Besides, understanding on the effect of polar groups on a nonpolar hydrocarbon skeleton is the aim for the test. Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to explore and understand the solubility characteristics between organic compounds and their relative solvents. The structure of organic compound indicates its solubility, ...

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Optimization of Solvent Extractions

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

9 Pages (3,453 Words)

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction In this study, the leaves of A. Malanccensis, formulated gaharu tea bags from Gaharu Tea Valley, Gopeng and Kebun Rimau, Tawau were extracted by using solvent extraction method. The optimization of solvent extractions were determined in this study as well. Chemical composition of the crude extracts were analyzed by using GC-MS and HPLC. Besides, the obtained crude extracts were evaluated for their ...

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Difficulties in Developing Petroleum Industry in Vietnam

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,878 Words)

by Nguyen Duc Anh Tuan Introduction Nowadays, in the developing era with fast pace, those agricultural countries, particularly Vietnam, might not only focus on improving the agriculture but also pay attention to developing the industrial area. More specifically, Vietnam has been concentrating on how to develop the gas and oil industry recently. However, the country is still facing a lot of difficulties. This essay ...

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Structures of Bacterial Tyrosinases

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,128 Words)

Tyrosinases oxidise phenolic hydroxyl groups of small molecules or large polymeric substrates such as proteins. Tyrosinases catalyse first the ortho-hydroxylation of the phenolic substrate and second its subsequent oxidation to quinone (Figure 1) with the concomitant reduction of oxygen to water. The reaction is chromogenic as the quinones produced can undergo further non-enzymatic polymerisation to form black eu-melanins and, when reacting with thiol groups, brownish pheo-melanins ...

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Causes of Luminescence and Chemiluminescence

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

10 Pages (3,820 Words)

1.1. Luminescence Phenomena Luminescence is the phenomenon of emission of electromagnetic radiation in excess of thermal radiation. The radiation is usually in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, however, since the same basic processes may yield infrared or ultra violet radiation. Luminescence is observed with all phases of matter: gases, liquids and solids both organic and inorganic[1]. Luminescence is an umbrella term for those kinds ...

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Mathematics in General Chemistry

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

11 Pages (4,139 Words)

Prepared by Paul Okweye and Malinda Gilmore Purpose of the Experiment To acquire knowledge in the area of units of measurements and learn how to use dimensional analysis to solve word problems that will be used throughout General Chemistry. In addition, students will learn the importance of statistical analysis in General Chemistry laboratory experiments and also rules with respect to exponential notation and significant ...

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Gold: History, Properties and Nanoscale Analysis

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,458 Words)

Since first extracted in the 5th century, Gold has been regarded as one of the most important matters in the world. When divided into smaller fragment sizes, way below 100nm it becomes even more ‘precious’. The optical, catalytical and electronic properties of Gold nanoparticles differ greatly from those of their bulk counterparts. This is mainly due to the large surface area-to-volume ratio as well as the ...

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Scopolamine (Burundanga) Properties and Uses

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

8 Pages (2,870 Words)

Scopolamine: The Devil’s Breath INTRODUCTION What if one day you wake up in a bathtub with your organs cut off, and you cannot remember anything. On the other hand, maybe you are on a street, showing a young woman the directions, and the next thing you know is you are in the middle of nowhere, ...

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Analysis of Gun Shot Residue using Electron Microscopy (EM)

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,940 Words)

Nathan Dean Thompson Review of the composition of gunshot residue (GSR) in coherence with its characteristics when analysed using electron microscopy (EM) and energy dispersive electron techniques. The key piece of evidence residing at incidents involving firearms is the gunshot residue (GSR) that is created when a gun is fired. Gunshot residue (GSR) can also be labelled as cartridge discharge residue (CDR) or firearms ...

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Overview of Cytokinins (CK)

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,374 Words)

FARA SHAKEEL CYTOKININS: Cytokinins (CK) are a class of plant growth substances (phytohormones) that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots. They are involved primarily in cell growth and differentiation, but also affect apical dominance, axillary bud growth, and leaf senescence. STRUCTURE OF CYTOKININS: NATURE OF CYTOKININS: Cytokinins are compounds with a structure resembling adenine which promote cell division and ...

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Therapeutic Proteins – Hirudin

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,254 Words)

Isaac Johnson Hirudin is a polypeptide that has anticoagulant properties (Rosenthal, 2008). Hirudin is important because it is a direct thrombin inhibitor. Since the presence of thrombin, a serine protease, is indicative of a blood clot having a polypeptide that specifically inhibits thrombin generation is important in a number of ways (Contributors, Thrombin, 2013). Hirudin is used to prevent the formation of blood clots in arteries, ...

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Design of Hybrid Filter With Wavelet Denoising

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,578 Words)

Simranjit Kaur DESIGN OF HYBRID FILTER WITH WAVELET DENOISING AND ANISOTROPIC DIFFUSION FILTER FOR IMAGE DESPECKLING 1. INTRODUCTION Digital images are images which are formed of picture elements also termed as pixels. The pixels typically are arranged in a rectangular array. The dimensions of the pixel array determine its size. Its width is defined by the number of columns, and height by the number ...

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Development of Emulsion Property

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

9 Pages (3,583 Words)

Student’s name: Yang Jiang Abstract In recent years, emulsion has taken an important port in our life, such as cosmetic and some other cosmetic industries. The property of the emulsion has a direct impact on our daily life. This paper chose the process of produce bath gel to provide what makes the property change, how to control it and how to make ...

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Phosphonium Vermiculites Dispertion: Polymethylmethacrylate

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,343 Words)

Ultraphonic in situ polymerization improves the dispersion of phosphonium vermiculites in polymethylmethacrylate with excellent mechanical property Bin Zhang1, Dingfeng Xu1, Shaozao Tan1,*, Langhuan Huang1, Xiang Cai2, Ting Wu2,*Abstract In order to improve the dispersion of phosphonium vermiculites (OVMT) in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), the ultraphonic in situ polymerization method was introduced, and a series of OVMT-PMMA (PBTP) nanocomposites were successfully prepared. The results indicated that the assistance of ...

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Enzyme Kinetics: Lactate Dehydrogenase

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,401 Words)

Question: What scientific question was this part of the practical designed to address? What is the effect of heat stability on two isoforms of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH1 and LDH5) after pre-incubation (heat inactivation) of the enzyme samples at different temperatures? Approach: Outline and explain the experimental approach that was used to address the question. In order to determine the effect of the heat inactivation ...

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Chemical Constituents From Lepidogrammitis Drymoglossoides

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

8 Pages (3,154 Words)

Li-Yuan Zhang, You-Heng Gao*, Ling-Zhi Ren , Ming-Zhu Wan, Teng-Hua Wang ABSTRACT This report is related to phytochemical investigation about a Chinese fern Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoides. Based on spectroscopic analysis including UV, MS, 1H and 13C-NMR as well as their chemical and physical properties, their structures were identified to be β-ecdysterone (1), stigmasterol (2), physcion (3), emodin (4), umbelliferone (5), scoparone (6), aesculetin (7), caffeic ...

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Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,823 Words)

Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency: An Inborn Error of Metabolism Marisa Houser The body’s metabolism is responsible for all the physical and chemical processes that convert or use energy. One of these processes is breaking down and digesting food. (National Institutes of Health , 2014) Food that is not broken down properly can lead to a buildup within the body and can be toxic or interfere with ...

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One-pot Synthesis of Porous Coordination Polymers

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,322 Words)

Generally, the properties of crystals are strongly determined not only by their chemical composition, but also by their morphology, size and surface structure.1-3 Over the past decade, crystals with specific crystal facets have attracted great research interest because the exposed facets on the crystals finely affect the chemical and physical properties of the functional materials.4-6 For example, noble-metallic nanocrystals having high-index facets generally show much higher ...

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Taro Leaves Drying Kinetics and Monolayer Moisture Content

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

9 Pages (3,472 Words)

INTRODUCTION |1 A study on the drying kinetics and monolayer moisture content of taro leaves This research was aimed to develop dehydrated products based on Taro leaves and finding out the effect of drying parameters such as loading density and temperature on that control the drying kinetics. To determine the end point of drying studies on the sorption isotherm was conducted. From the moisture sorption isotherm ...

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Heterocycles: Types and Biosynthesis

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

12 Pages (4,560 Words)

Heterocycles1 are one of the major classes of organic compounds. They are cyclic compounds containing one or more heteroatom (oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur etc.). These compounds are of biological and industrial importance. Many materials that are essential to life include a heterocyclic moiety; examples of these are: amino acids, nucleic acids, pigments, vitamins, antibiotics and many more. Heterocycles are part of our everyday life and are present ...

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Analytical Approaches in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,488 Words)

Miracles do happen and chances of happening such events are rare. Scientific discoveries have also seen such miracles. The approach and efforts required in scientific happenings are based on basic principles. The mode of application of these established principles differ from one stream to another stream of scientific disciplines. The principle of chemistry and physics are amalgamated to give rise to number of measuring devices. These ...

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Chromium and Selenium Concentration in Cancer

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,880 Words)

The ratio between chromium and selenium concentration among various age groups of cancer group has also been studied and it shown in table 5.48, and it has been observed that all groups of cancer patients present somewhat similar ratio of chromium and selenium concentration in their blood. Moreover, the concentration balance of chromium and selenium has conspicuously been disturbed as it illustrated in table 5.49. For ...

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Synthesis and Characterization of Tetraphenyltin

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

8 Pages (2,897 Words)

ABSTRACTS Tetraphenyltin in high yield has been prepared by the reaction of chlorobenzene, chlorotin (IV) and sodium metal in dry toluene characterized by Infra-red spectroscopy. Introduction Organic compounds that contains metal-carbon bond are called organometallic compounds. Organometallic compounds have been studied for nearly 200 years. Unique properties of these compounds have been used in many areas of life. The reactivity of organometallic compounds depends on the ...

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Colon Specific Drug Delivery

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

8 Pages (2,911 Words)

ABSRACT The colon is a site where both local and systemic delivery of drugs can takes place. Colon specific drug delivery has achieved importance for the delivery of drugs for the treatment of local diseases associated with the colon like crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis etc. as well as for the systemic delivery of proteins, therapeutic peptides, antiasthmatic drugs, antihypertensive drugs and antidiabetic agents. A drug need ...

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C, Si, Ge Doped (6,3) Chiral BNNTs: A Computational Study

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

8 Pages (2,973 Words)

The C, Si, Ge Doped (6,3) Chiral BNNTs: A Computational Study Mohammad Reza Zardoost a,*, Behnam Dehbandib , Marjan Dehbandib Abstract: Electronic structure properties including bond lengths, bond angles, dipole moments (µ), energies, band gaps, NMR parameters of the isotropic and anisotropic chemical shielding parameters for the sites of various atoms were calculated using density functional theory for C , Si , Ge ...

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Synthesis of Polyelectrolyte Pani Membrane

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,961 Words)

SYNTHESIS OF POLYELECTROLYTE PAni MEMBRANE BY PHASE INVERSION AND ITS CHARACTERIZATIONS NURUL IZZATI IZNI BT MAT YUSOFF INTRODUCTION During the last few decades, the application of membrane based separation is the leading technology as one of the alternatives used in separating and removal of organic solvents. Moreover, it holds a significant commercial impact in several areas including water and wastewater treatment, chemical, ...

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Determining Ethanol in Fermented Glutinous Rice

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

8 Pages (2,946 Words)

1.0 Introduction Fermented glutinous rice is a popular dessert among Malaysian consumers. It consist of carbohydrate such as rice and it need to be fermented for a few days until the glucose have been converted into the ethanol, carbon dioxide and energy whereas it signs is when the taste is sweet flavor. Cassava also can be fermented. Both of dishes served mostly in Southeast Asia. When ...

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MEL and Analogues: Structures and Properties

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,942 Words)

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Melamine MEL is an organic compound which had been closely associated with milk adulterant scandal between the year 2007 and 2008. Having a chemical formula of C3H6N6, makes it a nitrogen rich compound, thus giving the false impression of real protein content (Y.-N. Wu, Zhao, & Li, 2009). Manufacturing companies who bought raw milk for further production usually carry out protein ...

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Enthalpy of Displacement

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

8 Pages (2,831 Words)

Saran Singh Sound Aim: To determine the enthalpy change of displacement between zinc powder and copper sulphate Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) Cu (s) + ZnSO4 (aq) Chemicals – CuSO4 Solution ( concentration = 0.5 mol.dm3 ) Zinc (s) Powder Data Collection – Table 1: List of apparatus and Least Count and Uncertainties of Measuring Instruments Used ...

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Quantitative Chemical Analysis

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,410 Words)

Quantitative chemical analysis, which is commonly referred to as stoichiometry, is the quantitative relationship between the reactants and the products in a balanced chemical equation. The term stoichiometry is a combination of two words derived from the Greek language: stoicheion (meaning "element") and metron (meaning "measure"). Stoichiometric calculations are dependent upon the law of conservation of mass which states that all matter cannot be created nor ...

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Removal of TBP From Aqueous Phase

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

12 Pages (4,477 Words)

ABSTRACT PUREX process involves the use of 30% TBP in Dodecane to extract the fissile materials. However, due to mutual solubility some amount of TBP gets transferred into the aqueous phase. This transferred TBP leads to many environmental problems. Removal of this TBP from aqueous phase is of prime concern which can be done by contacting it with an organic diluent. UNIFAC and Uniquac methods have ...

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Nanotechnology based Drug Delivery Systems

Published Date: 29 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,711 Words)

Richard Chen Introduction In the past century, nanotechnology has been a prominent theme for many science fiction writers. However, thanks to recent developments in chemistry and manufacturing, we are now able to bring things that were once unimaginable into fruition. The field of nanotechnology refers to the research, development and the production of materials under the size of 100 nanometers (nm). Over the past ...

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Synthesis Method of Napthoyl-thiourea Derivatives

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,313 Words)

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY This chapter explains briefly on the synthesis method of napthoyl-thiourea derivatives, experimental characterization techniques (CHNS, FTIR, UV-Vis, UV-F, 1H and 13C NMR, Single Crystal X-Ray Crystallography Analysis, XRD, TGA, SEM, CV), electrodeposition of napthoyl-thiourea derivatives on ITO substrate, electrical conductivity measurement, IV curve characteristic, performance of organic diode and theoretical calculation via Gaussion 09 software package functions. 3.1 Reagents, Chemicals and Solvent All chemicals ...

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Optically Active Polymers

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,287 Words)

Optically active polymers play very important role in our modern society. The speciality of optically active polymers are known with its various characteristics as occurred naturally in mimicry. The present review describes the monomers and synthesis of optically active polymers from its helicity, internal compounds nature, dendronization, copolymerization, side chromophoric groups, chiral, metal complex and stereo-specific behaviour. The various properties like nonlinear optical properties of azo-polymers, ...

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Enzymatic Route for the Production of Biofuels

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

9 Pages (3,479 Words)

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study Many compounds are currently produced through reactions that use chemical catalysts or expensive experimental conditions. However, this practice is aggressive to the environment, generating effluents with high cost of treatment, and consuming too energy. Enzymatic catalysis appears thus to reduce the energy demand contributing to a reduction in by-product formation. However, the acquisition cost of enzymes is still ...

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The Reductive Carbonylation of Organic Nitro Compounds

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,751 Words)

Introduction: The development of environmentally more benign and efficient synthetic methods has stimulated the evolution of new strategies and technologies for the synthesis of useful products in a safe, compact, and energy efficient manner. In this respect our preliminary focus to investigate typically efficient and complementary methodology with palladium-catalyzed reductive carbonylation of nitro arenes employing CO gas. CO represents the most important C1 building block molecule ...

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Nanoparticles Obtained by Using Different Gelation Solution

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

10 Pages (3,997 Words)

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Size of nanoparticles obtained by using different gelation solution 3.1.1 Size of different alginate-based nanoparticles at fixed enzyme and Polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate (surfactant) concentration Various alginate based nanoparticles were prepared by using different gelling solutions as given in method . The size of nanoparticles determined by DLS is given in table-1. Table-1: Showing size and intensity of nanoparticles at single concentration ...

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Developing Natural Gas Sweetening Processes

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

9 Pages (3,417 Words)

Introduction Natural gas contains large amounts of methane (CH4), but also all kinds of impurities such as sour gases (e.g., H2S and CO2). The acid gases in the natural gas should be removed to comply with environmental regulations and to avoid technological problems during gas transportation.1–3 For instance, dry ice or CO2 hydrate products can clog the system during liquefaction of the natural gas.2 ...

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Analysis of Heavy Metals Contamination in Urban Dust

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

8 Pages (2,882 Words)

Literature Review 2.1 REVIEW OF REPORTED STUDIES 2.1.1 Assessment of Heavy Metal in Street Dust in Kathmandu Metropolitan City and their Possible Impacts on the Environment. Chirika S.T. & Pawan R.S.9 conducted a study in 2011 to determine the levels of heavy metals in street dust at different localities in the Metropolitan City of Kathmandu, Nepal. A total ...

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Poultry Waste as an Organic Fertilizer

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,672 Words)

LITERATURE REVIEW The several studies have been reported that the higher amounts of metals are present in different organic wastes, such as poultry fertilizer (Lopes et al., 2011; Bolan et al. 2004) and poultry fertilizer composts (Haroun et al. 2009; Farrell and Jones 2009a; Chen et al. 2008; Cai et al. 2007; Goi et al. 2006; Ihnat and Fernandes 1996; Ayuso et al. 1996; Ciavatta et ...

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1,2,4-Oxadiazole Moiety Molecules Synthesis for Cancer

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

9 Pages (3,562 Words)

2.4. Synthesis of 3-(4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-5-substituted-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives for their MTT assay using MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and degradation of DNA in EAT cells 2.4.1. INTRODUCTION In the biological and pharmacological importance, heterocycles plays a significance role. Oxadiazole molecules show biologically activity includes angiogenesis inhibitor [246] and also HIV inhibitor [247], tyrosine kinase inhibition [45], histamine H3 antagonism [48], muscarinic agonism [49], potent histamine H2 receptor antagonists [50, ...

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Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate (ADP) Crystals Structure

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,025 Words)

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) crystals are widely used as the second, third and fourth harmonic generator for Nd:YAG and Nd:YLF lasers. It belongs to the tetragonal system with the space group I-42d 1. These crystals are widely used for electro-optical applications such as Q-switching for Ti–sapphire and alexandrite lasers as well as for acousto optical applications2–4. Tris(thiourea)zinc(II) sulphate (ZTS) is a semi-organic nonlinear optical (NLO) material ...

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Benefits of Nanotechnology on Health and the Environment

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,850 Words)

Aleksandar Banic Abstract Nanotechnology is concerned with manipulating matter to near atomic scales between one and 100nm (nanometers-1 billionth of a meter). This technology has recently gained popularity due to its potential in altering the behaviour of individual molecules and has opened the door to new applications. Many researchers have pinpointed the potential risk of nanotechnology on the environment and on human health. This ...

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Luteolin and Kaempferol From Cassia Alata

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

13 Pages (5,069 Words)

LUTEOLIN AND KAEMPFEROL FROM CASSIA ALATA, ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ITS METHANOLIC EXTRACTS ANEELA WAHAB, TAHIRA, SABIRA BEGUM, ANJUM AYUB, IFFAT MAHMOOD, TALAT MAHMOOD, AQEEL AHMAD AND NIDA FAYYAZ Abstract Cassia alata also known as candlebush is a medicinally important plant. In the present investigation we are reporting the isolation and structure elucidation of two flavonoids kaempferol (1) and luteolin (2) isolated from methanolic extract ...

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Effects of Lab by Inquiry in Educational Settings

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

8 Pages (2,942 Words)

Briana Bruske Abstract The purpose of this literature research was to distinguish the differences between verification and inquiry based laboratory experiments in educational settings, and their effect on student education. Examples of the incorporation of inquiry into course curriculum were found. The effect of inquiry on knowledge type gained by students, and classification of their laboratory reflective statements was analyzed based on results contained in ...

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Paracetamol: History, Structure and Dangers

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,274 Words)

What is Paracetamol? Depending on where you live in the world, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanamide is known as Paracetamol or acetaminophen with the molecular formula of C8H9NO2. Paracetamol or acetaminophen belongs to a group of medicines which have analgesic (pain reliever) and antipyretic (fever reliever) properties. For these reasons it is used for reliving a person of mild to moderate pain including headache, joint pain and toothache. ...

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Standardization of Polyherbal Formulations for Drug Analysis

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

3 Pages (1,197 Words)

Standardization of polyherbal formulations is essential in order to assess the quality of drugs, based on the concentration of their active principles (markers or standards). As Mentat tablet (MT), a herbal formulation consist of natural multi-ingredient formula with active constituents responsible for treatment of neurological disorder and improvement of mental health, therefore it is worthwhile to take it as a model for standardization of polyherbal formulation. ...

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Lab Report: Heat Capacity Ratio For Gases

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,862 Words)

Jekathjenani Ratnakumaran Introduction: Heat capacity of gases is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of one mole of the gas through one degree Celsius at constant pressure or volume. Heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp), the volume will increase and heat capacity at constant volume (CV), the pressure will increase. The main physical properties of gases are compressed in the ...

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Oxidative Decolourisation of Rosaniline Hydrochloride (RAH)

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,635 Words)

Kinetic, thermodynamic studies for oxidation of rosaniline hydrochloride dye by persulphate in ambient temperatures Z. M. Abou-Gamra* Abstract The kinetics of the oxidative decolourisation of rosaniline hydrochloride (RAH) by sodium persulphate was studied spectrophotometrically over pH range 3.5-9.5 at 30-45 oC. The reaction was second order with respect to dye and half order to persulphate. Increasing the pH of the medium increased the rate of decolourisation ...

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Impact of Bisphenol A in Bottles on Children’s health

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

8 Pages (2,875 Words)

Name of student: Le Tien Dat INTRODUCTION The history of Bisphenol-A is a long story, and the development of this substance has gathered benefits and drawbacks. In fact, BPA brings several benefits for life’s people. It is used in the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. The polycarbonate plastics may be encountered in many products ...

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Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

9 Pages (3,272 Words)

Spectral analysis, thermal behavior, XRD and morphology study in synthesis of carbon nanotubes decorated by Cysteamine Or A simple and efficient procedure for synthesis of Thiolic Composite with use Oxide Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube Or A simple and efficient procedure for synthesis of composite thiol with use oxide multi walled carbon nanotube and sulfur Or Behnam Maazinejad, Hamidreza Sadegh, Imran Ali, Ramin Shahryari Ghoshekandi, Vahid Ali ...

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Los Procesos Químicos Del Cuerpo

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,230 Words)

Casandra Hernández Introducción A través de este trabajo la investigadora realizó una revisión de literatura relacionada a los procesos químicos que ocurren en el cuerpo humano. Se comienza definiendo conceptos esenciales para comprender los procesos químicos. Según Aguilar (2012) el cuerpo de los seres humanos es un sistema que está compuesto por células las cuales forman los tejidos. Mediante las células el cuerpo humano ...

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Inserted-Plate Coated of Methanol Steam Reformer

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

10 Pages (3,620 Words)

High Efficiency Inserted-Plate Coated of Methanol Steam Reformer: PEM Fuel Cell Applications Methanol can be easily stored and transported and converted to H2 using a reforming reactor that makes it an excellent hydrogen and energy source for fuel cell applicationsEasily storage, transporting and converting to H2 by a reforming reactor using makes it an excellent energy source for PEMFC applications [1-3] During the last decades, there ...

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Graphene Oxide With Covalently Linked Porphyrin Antennae

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,227 Words)

Swetanshu Tandon Paper Title: Graphene oxide with covalently linked porphyrin antennae: Synthesis,characterization and photophysical properties. Relevant spectroscopic Techniques UV-visible spectroscopy ATR-IR spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy Fluorescence spectroscopy Transient absorption spectroscopy Introduction In this paper, the authors describe the synthesis, characterisation and properties of a hybrid material, GO-H2P, obtained by treating graphene oxide (GO) with 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10, ...

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Analysis of Biochemical Compounds in ‘gynura Procumbens’

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

8 Pages (2,987 Words)

Extraction of Biochemical Compounds in ‘gynura Procumbens’ Using 3 Mixture Design and Gcms Name : Syazliana Syamira Binti Hashim NOVEMBER 2014 Gynura procumbens or known locally in Malaysia as ‘Sambung Nyawa’ or in chinese, it is called ‘Nan Hui Ye’ is a plant that was found in South East Asia usually inThailand, Indonesia and Malaysia.This plant belongs to the Asteraceae Family.It is a famous traditional herb ...

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Determination of Sodium Thiopental Using Gold Nanoparticles

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,538 Words)

Development of a new colorimetric method for the determination of sodium thiopental using gold nanoparticles Sodium thiopental (sodium pentothal) is in a group of drugs called barbiturates.this barbiturate commonly used anesthetic induction agents in man and animals because recovery is rapid and it has the advantage of having very little or no side effects[1].It is used for intensive-care patients with head injuries to control convulsions and ...

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Differential Pulse Voltammetry

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,467 Words)

Introduction In this era of globalization, scientist had discovered various method of analysis. One of the methods of analysis is known as electrochemical method of analysis. Electrochemical method of analysis consists of coulometry, voltammetry and potentiometry. (Harvey, 2000) Coulometry is a method of analysis either with fixed current or constant current. Coulometry is also known as amperometry. In amperometry, current passes through a polarisable electrode. The ...

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Tolnaftate Drug Profile:

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

9 Pages (3,504 Words)

Trade Names: Tinactin Synonym: Tolnaftato, Tolnaftatum Structure: Fig: Structure of Tolnaftate Chemical Name: 0-2- naphthyl methyl (3- methyl phenyl thiocarbamate) Description: Tolnaftate is a synthetic thiocarbamate used as an anti- fungal agent that may be sold without medical prescription in most jurisdictions. It may come as a cream, powder, spray, or liquid aerosol, and is used to treat fungal conditions such as jock itch, athlete's ...

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Diketo Analogues and Their Significance

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,658 Words)

INTRODUCTION Medicinal chemistry is the branch of science, which has remarkable value for synthesis of novel drugs with intense therapeutic activity. It concerns with discovery, development, identification and interpretation of mode of action of biologically active compounds at molecular level. The molecular biological revolution and progressive mapping of human ‘genome’ have created a new biochemical and biostructural ‘world order.’1 These developments have provided new challenges and ...

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Anti-hygroscopicity of Ammonium Nitrate (AN)

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,634 Words)

Anti-hygroscopicity of Ammonium Nitrate (AN) coated by surfactant materials Baha Eldien Ismail Abd Allah Elzaki1,2, Zhang Yue Jun2 Abstract The ammonium nitrate (AN) particles were coated by surfactant materials, using precipitation coating method. The hygroscopicity of AN - coated and AN without coating (used as control) were tested, and the samples of AN coated by surfactant materials, and were characterized by Fourier ...

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Factors Affecting the Oxidation of Iron Alloys

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

11 Pages (4,222 Words)

Alexander Thompson Abstract This paper is about the prevention of the formation of Iron Oxide. For the purpose of this investigation three coatings have been electroplated to the steel electrodes. The electrodes were then placed next to a salt solution approximately the same as that of ocean water .The mass changes in the metal were then ...

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Synthesis of Closantel Experiment

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,726 Words)

Abstract:- The paper describes the synthesis of Closeted. It is used as an anthelmintic i.e. an agent that destroys or causes the expulsion of parasitic intestinal worms so it is used as Anti-worm drug. The synthesis of Closantel was carried out using four different hydrotropes. The effect of various hydrotropes on yield, rate constant and activation energy at various temperatures and concentrations are studied. Keywords :- ...

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Chemical Tests for Biomolecules

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

11 Pages (4,386 Words)

Kaneshanathan Kumaraguru Contents (jump to) Introduction Objective Materials Methodology Results Discussion Conclusion References Introduction A macromolecule is “a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetitions of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass” (Jenkins et al., 1996, p.2289). Carbohydrates are made of monosaccharides, which ...

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Comparison of Home-Made and Store Bought Apple Juice

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

10 Pages (3,697 Words)

COVER PAGE TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT This extended investigational report was aimed to show and prove how store bought apple juice (golden circle) is unhealthier and less beneficial to the body than home-made apple juice. The apple juice samples were analysed and tested using - pH using litmus paper Determination of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) by iodine titration Determination of fruit acids by iodine titration ...

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Method Development for Protein Detection

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,190 Words)

Binding-induced and label-free colorimetric method for protein detection based on binding-induced DNA hybridization and DNAzyme-based signal amplification INTRODUCTION In diagnosing the early stage of a disease or pathological condition, proteins, especially those associated with cancers, are of great importance because they are the molecular machinery of life.[BB2013-AM-3, 1,2] Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most commonly used method for protein detection.[PD-3,1,2] Unfortunately, this antibody-based assay requires ...

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3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-Propenoic Acid Synthesis

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,630 Words)

Antimicrobial activity of Co (II) complex of 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid and sonochemical synthesis of nanoscale mixed –ligand EDA coordination for preparation of CoCl2.6H2O anoparticle Abstract 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid abbreviated as EDA was synthesized and characterized. Co (II) metal complex of this ligand prepared by reaction of chloride salt with EDA in dry acetonitrile. Phenolic compounds (a group of secondary metabolites) are widely distributed in plants and have shown ...

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Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,352 Words)

Regina Marin Gas is called the state of matter in which, under certain conditions of temperature and pressure, its molecules cross-react only weakly with each other without forming molecular bonds, taking the shape and volume of their container and tending to separate , and expand, their best for their high kinetic energy. Gases are highly compressible fluids that experience large changes in ...

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Mechanisms that Lead to Dynamic Self-organization

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,003 Words)

SELF-ORGANIZATION AND GROWTH OF NANOSTRUCTURED BRANCHED CRYSTAL PATTERN IN BELOUSOV-ZHABOTINSKY TYPE CHEMICAL REACTIONS ROHIT SRIVASTAVA, M.Phil. 1. Introduction The self-assembly of structural motifs and the self-organization of dynamic motifs into highly ordered one-, two-, or three-dimensional patterns with controlled structures have received much attention in recent years, because of their importance in basic research and their potential applications [1,2]. The spontaneous formation of ...

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Development of Water-soluble Metal

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,589 Words)

Development of Water-soluble metal working fluids and study of their wear properties Chidambaram CT, L.A.Kumaraswamidhas, Suman Dutta* Abstract Metalworking chemistry evolved from simple oils to water-based technology. The tool life was extended by reducing wear by metal working fluids. This study shows parameters affecting on Wear Scar Diameters (WSD) with different water soluble metal working fluid having different mineral oil and phosphorous EP additive ...

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Timolol Maleate 0.5% Eye Drop Preparation

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,601 Words)

Formulation of eye drops (TIMOLOL MALEATE 0.5% m/V EYE DROPS) By: Introduction The Timolol Maleate 0.5% M/V Eye Drops is indicated for the reduction the intraocular pressure in the (IOP) persons suffering from ocular hypertension or glaucoma they are insufficiently responsive to the topical Beta Blockers. It is shown to reduce IOP in patients that have chronic open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and in Aphakic patients with ...

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Kinetics: The Iodination of Propanone

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

13 Pages (5,139 Words)

Mary Adesina This individual investigation will be exploring kinetics through experimentation the reaction: This reaction is described as autocatalytic as it is produces the very species that increases the rate of reaction (hydrogen ions7). Background Reactants Iodine is chemical that takes place in the reaction. Iodine is a halogen (group 7 on the periodic table) with a simple molecular covalent structure. Halogens are ...

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Composition of Minerals in Soil Related with Date Fruits

Published Date: 26 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,628 Words)

Research Proposal Topic Study the Composition of Minerals in Soil Related with Date Fruits using AAS. Introduction Generally, plants require optimum mineral nutrients from the soil other than water, sunlight and carbon dioxide. Mineral is a crystalline solid of inorganic element. It has their own characteristic on physical properties such as crystalline structure, hardness, density, flammability, and color with certain chemical composition ...

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Erythromycin Stearate Tablets: Quality Assurance Assessment

Published Date: 25 Jan 2018

11 Pages (4,369 Words)

QUALITY ASSURANCE ASSESSMENT OF SOME COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE ERYTHROMYCIN STEARATE TABLETS. Aiwaguore Johnbull Obarisiagbon1*, Oladejo Peter Ogunlowo2 ABSTRACT Erythromycin drug products have been mostly imported into Nigeria from different countries of the world; with relatively no Nigeria based pharmaceutical company manufacturing same. Cases of therapeutic failures have been reported in some of our hospitals. Hence, the need arises to study some of the physicochemical parameters of some ...

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Quantification of Venlafaxine in Tablet Dosage Form

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

9 Pages (3,215 Words)

New chiral normal phase UFLC method for determination of venlafaxine hydrochloride enantiomers in pharmaceutical formulations ABSTRACT Aim: A simple, specific, precise, sensitive and rapid normal phase-UFLC method was developed for determination of venlafaxine hydrochloride enantiomers in pharmaceutical formulation. Methodology: The method was developed on a Lux amylase 2 column (150 x 4.0 mm I.D., particle size 5 μ); the mobile phase was n-hexane and ethanol (97:3 ...

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Precipitation of Calcium Carbonate in Different Environments

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

3 Pages (1,125 Words)

Most confinement studies have focused on the effects of freezing and melting pure liquids like water, hydrogen and helium; inert gases and organic liquids in nanoscale pores. Thus, many studies have shown that melting points and enthalpies of fusion in nanoscale crystals can differ significantly from their bulk scale counterparts. It has been shown (Christenson H.K., 2001) that melting points decrease in crystalline solids embedded within ...

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Synthesis of New Coordination Polymers or MOFs

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,213 Words)

1.1 Design Principles Coordination polymers also known as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) or metal-coordination networks are compounds constructed from organic ligands and metal ions connected through coordination bonds and other weak chemical bonds which can extend infinitely into one two or three dimensions [1-3]. The arrangement of the components in coordination polymers mostly exists only in solid state which results from coordination interactions and weaker forces forming ...

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Burgess and Martin Dehydrating Reagents

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

8 Pages (3,200 Words)

An understanding of synthetically useful dehydrating reagents for the reduction of hydroxyl groups, various functional group interconversions and other synthetically useful operations. Oday Alrifai Dehydration of alcohols has been a synthetically useful strategy in order to attain olefins in high yields through the treatment of secondary, tertiary and homoallylic alcohols. Martin sulfurane and Burgess dehydrating reagents have been useful because of their mild ...

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Copper Recovery Methods From Metallurgical Waste

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,490 Words)

REVIEW OF COPPER RECOVERY METHODS FROM METALLURGICAL WASTE Apurva Patel, Prof. Nimish Shah Abstract: Copper is one of the most used metals in recent developments and demand of this red metal is increasing with passing of each day. Production of copper is 12 million tons per year and copper reserves are expected to run for 25 years with the estimated world copper reserves ...

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PSA Composite Fibers and Membranes

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,404 Words)

Polysulfonamide/nano titanium dioxide (PSA/nano-TiO2) composite spinning solutions with various nano-TiO2 mass fractions were prepared using the solution blending method. The corresponding composite fibers were developed by wet-spinning technology and the composite membranes were prepared using the digital spin-coating technique. The properties of PSA/nano-TiO2 composite fibers and membranes were investigated by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, etc. The effects of nano-TiO2 and its mass fractions ...

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Purification of 1,3-PD from Complex Fermentation Broth

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,382 Words)

MTZ is calculated as Eq. 6[24], where H is adsorption bed height (cm). tb is the time (min) of breakthrough point, which defined as the time when Ct/C0=0.05. te is the time (min) of saturated point, which defined as the time when Ct/C0=0.95. As showed in Table 2, increasing the 1,3-PD concentration, tb and te decreased. The dynamic adsorption of 1,3-PD to resin usually fails to ...

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Biography of Primo Levi: Vanadium

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,655 Words)

‘Vanadium’ – The Periodic Table (Primo Levi) Annerita Ng Primo Levi was a Jewish chemist and author born in Italy. The majority of his writings revolved around his experience surviving the Holocaust of World War II, some with a heavy subtext of chemistry. One of his books entitled ‘The Periodic Table’ is a memoir of his life collated in 21 chapters, each of which ...

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Structural Interconversion of Holin Transmembrane Domain I

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,650 Words)

Structural Interconversion of Holin Transmembrane Domain I is Dictated by a Single Proline: A FRET-based Analysis and its Functional Importance in Pore Formation. Muralikrishna Lella,† Soumya Kamilla,‡ Vikas Jain‡,* and Radhakrishnan Mahalakshmi†,* KEYWORDS (Word Style “BG_Keywords”). If you are submitting your paper to a journal that requires keywords, provide significant keywords to aid the reader in literature retrieval. ABSTRACT: Mycobacterial cell lysis during the ...

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Uses and Applications of Acid and Bases

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,550 Words)

Rami Saadat Acid and bases in our life Acid and bases are very important in our everyday activity. Almost every liquid you find is acid or bases but it is not just liquid you can find it almost everywhere. Both are used in our usual activity especially in our body. They have a variety of uses like in medicine, food, cleaning, fertilization, industry and ...

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Green Solvent for Synthesis and Catalysis

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,683 Words)

Adnan S/OAbdul Qayyum Title Green Solvent for synthesis and catalysis: Room Temperature Ionic Liquids. Abstract This proposal describes a research project to synthesis the ionic liquids; the alternative green, non-volatile solvent to harmful volatile organic solvent and chemical industries in the future. The ionic liquids, whose properties can be predicted before their synthesis. The already known properties enable to gain ...

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Classifications of Liquid Crystals

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,773 Words)

1. Introduction 1. Introduction to Liquid Crystals 1.1 Historical background Liquid crystals are a unique state of matter, between solid (crystalline) and liquid (isotropic) phases some compounds form a distinct, different intermediate phase, sometimes referred to as the “fourth state of matter” or “mesophase”. These compounds display properties of both solid and liquid. Anisotropic intermolecular interactions of the molecules, or mesogens, within a liquid crystalline material ...

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Synthesis of Isatin Based Caspase Inhibitors

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,460 Words)

DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF ISATIN BASED CASPASE INHIBITORS FOR RUTHENIUM CAGING APPLICATIONS KASUN CHINTHAKA RATNAYAKE ABSTRACT Apoptosis is the energy dependent programmed cell death. Improper function of apoptosis could lead to diseases such as cancers, strokes, alziemer’s disease. Caspases are the enzymes involved in the later stage of this process. Peptidyl and non-peptidyl caspase inhibitors have been synthesized recently. One of these non-peptidyl compound ...

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Esterification of 4-methyl-2-pentanol and Acetic Acid

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,208 Words)

Joseph Nuernberg Esterification of 4-methyl-2-pentanol and Acetic Acid by Reflux and Distillation and Characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy Abstract: The objective of this lab was to successfully synthesize an ester from an alcohol and acetic acid. This experiment used 4-methyl-2-pentanol with excess acetic acid to produce (1,3-dimethylbutyl) acetate as seen in Figure 1. The mixture of acetic acid with 4-methyl-2-pentanol and sulfuric acid was refluxed, extracted, ...

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Analysis of Compound 109 using 13C NMR Spectra

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,792 Words)

The 13C NMR spectrum of compound 109-114 is represented in Plate 40-45. Structural elucidation of 109 by 13C NMR spectrum has been described and it was confirmed from the two dimensional NMR reports of 109. Assignments for the other compounds 109-114 made by comparing with compound 109. Table 33 lists the chemical shift values of 109. A collection of signals resonated in the aliphatic region at ...

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Testing Drug Content of Famotidine Core Tablets

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

16 Pages (6,234 Words)

6. Formulation development and evaluation 6.1 Preparation of core tablets Core tablets of famotidine were prepared by direct compression and batch size was kept as 100 tablets. Drug , sodium chloride, polymer and MCC were co-sifted through sieve # 30 Now the blend is mixed in polybag for 10 min Citric acid was crushed using mortar and pestle and sifted through sieve # 60 And ...

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