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Purification of 1,3-PD from Complex Fermentation Broth

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,382 Words)

MTZ is calculated as Eq. 6[24], where H is adsorption bed height (cm). tb is the time (min) of breakthrough point, which defined as the time when Ct/C0=0.05. te is the time (min) of saturated point, which defined as the time when Ct/C0=0.95. As showed in Table 2, increasing the 1,3-PD concentration, tb and te decreased. The dynamic adsorption of 1,3-PD to resin usually fails to ...

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Biography of Primo Levi: Vanadium

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,655 Words)

‘Vanadium’ – The Periodic Table (Primo Levi) Annerita Ng Primo Levi was a Jewish chemist and author born in Italy. The majority of his writings revolved around his experience surviving the Holocaust of World War II, some with a heavy subtext of chemistry. One of his books entitled ‘The Periodic Table’ is a memoir of his life collated in 21 chapters, each of which ...

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Structural Interconversion of Holin Transmembrane Domain I

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,650 Words)

Structural Interconversion of Holin Transmembrane Domain I is Dictated by a Single Proline: A FRET-based Analysis and its Functional Importance in Pore Formation. Muralikrishna Lella,† Soumya Kamilla,‡ Vikas Jain‡,* and Radhakrishnan Mahalakshmi†,* KEYWORDS (Word Style “BG_Keywords”). If you are submitting your paper to a journal that requires keywords, provide significant keywords to aid the reader in literature retrieval. ABSTRACT: Mycobacterial cell lysis during the ...

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Uses and Applications of Acid and Bases

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,550 Words)

Rami Saadat Acid and bases in our life Acid and bases are very important in our everyday activity. Almost every liquid you find is acid or bases but it is not just liquid you can find it almost everywhere. Both are used in our usual activity especially in our body. They have a variety of uses like in medicine, food, cleaning, fertilization, industry and ...

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Green Solvent for Synthesis and Catalysis

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,683 Words)

Adnan S/OAbdul Qayyum Title Green Solvent for synthesis and catalysis: Room Temperature Ionic Liquids. Abstract This proposal describes a research project to synthesis the ionic liquids; the alternative green, non-volatile solvent to harmful volatile organic solvent and chemical industries in the future. The ionic liquids, whose properties can be predicted before their synthesis. The already known properties enable to gain ...

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Classifications of Liquid Crystals

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,773 Words)

1. Introduction 1. Introduction to Liquid Crystals 1.1 Historical background Liquid crystals are a unique state of matter, between solid (crystalline) and liquid (isotropic) phases some compounds form a distinct, different intermediate phase, sometimes referred to as the “fourth state of matter” or “mesophase”. These compounds display properties of both solid and liquid. Anisotropic intermolecular interactions of the molecules, or mesogens, within a liquid crystalline material ...

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Synthesis of Isatin Based Caspase Inhibitors

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,460 Words)

DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF ISATIN BASED CASPASE INHIBITORS FOR RUTHENIUM CAGING APPLICATIONS KASUN CHINTHAKA RATNAYAKE ABSTRACT Apoptosis is the energy dependent programmed cell death. Improper function of apoptosis could lead to diseases such as cancers, strokes, alziemer’s disease. Caspases are the enzymes involved in the later stage of this process. Peptidyl and non-peptidyl caspase inhibitors have been synthesized recently. One of these non-peptidyl compound ...

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Esterification of 4-methyl-2-pentanol and Acetic Acid

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,208 Words)

Joseph Nuernberg Esterification of 4-methyl-2-pentanol and Acetic Acid by Reflux and Distillation and Characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy Abstract: The objective of this lab was to successfully synthesize an ester from an alcohol and acetic acid. This experiment used 4-methyl-2-pentanol with excess acetic acid to produce (1,3-dimethylbutyl) acetate as seen in Figure 1. The mixture of acetic acid with 4-methyl-2-pentanol and sulfuric acid was refluxed, extracted, ...

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Analysis of Compound 109 using 13C NMR Spectra

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,792 Words)

The 13C NMR spectrum of compound 109-114 is represented in Plate 40-45. Structural elucidation of 109 by 13C NMR spectrum has been described and it was confirmed from the two dimensional NMR reports of 109. Assignments for the other compounds 109-114 made by comparing with compound 109. Table 33 lists the chemical shift values of 109. A collection of signals resonated in the aliphatic region at ...

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Testing Drug Content of Famotidine Core Tablets

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

16 Pages (6,234 Words)

6. Formulation development and evaluation 6.1 Preparation of core tablets Core tablets of famotidine were prepared by direct compression and batch size was kept as 100 tablets. Drug , sodium chloride, polymer and MCC were co-sifted through sieve # 30 Now the blend is mixed in polybag for 10 min Citric acid was crushed using mortar and pestle and sifted through sieve # 60 And ...

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Experiment to Learn the Amount of Iron in Iron Tablets

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,527 Words)

GABRIELA CARUSO KANDIR 1.1 What is Topic area you are investigating in to: Prepare and standardize a potassium permanganate solution and use it to determine the amount of iron (II) in iron tablets What is your title: Analyze the actual amount of iron (II) present in a tablet of iron supplement What is your Aim: Demonstrate if iron supplements have the ...

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Ion Mobility as Explosive Detector

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,156 Words)

INTRODUCTION Explosives are highly reactive substances which possess large amount of energy (potential energy) that leads to the production of explosions, they are usually accomplish with lighten, heat, sound and pressure when they are suddenly released. Explosive can be classified based on their sensitivity, velocity, composition and physical forms [23]. Ion Mobility Spectrometry is an analytical technique which is widely acknowledge in the area of detection ...

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Human Hair Profiling with FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,547 Words)

Profiling of Human Hairs using FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics Technique AUFA MADIHAH BT MOHAMAD ANWAR Research Proposal Topic Profiling of Human Hairs using FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics Technique. This research is about classifying human hair (subjects) using FTIR and Chemometrics. The subjects should be Malay, Woman and included in one of the age group required. (20-30, 31-40, 41-50, >60) ...

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Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Uses and Properties

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,546 Words)

CFRP: carbon fiber reinforced polymer Urvish Gajjar In the end of 1800s first time Edison used the carbon fiber in the electricity bulb. CFRP- carbon fiber reinforced polymer is a one type of the carbon fiber. Edison used the fiber into the filament of bulb but he was unsuccessful because his fiber produced by carbonization of cellulose stand such as cotton or from bamboo. ...

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Modernization in High-throughput Bioanalysis by LC–MS/MS

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,210 Words)

Introduction and scope Liquid chromatography coupled with MS is widely used in drug discovery and development. Mass spectrometry is a very sensitive technique and is widely regarded as having good selectivity. However, in many applications, it is necessary to isolate the target analyte from what could be a sample containing thousands of other different molecules. Typically, mass spectrometry alone is unable to meet this ...

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Morphology Control in Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,534 Words)

Hammed A. Salami Introduction One of the most significant current discussions in the field of nanotechnology is the development of novel nanomaterials. When materials are reduced from bulk to the nanometer-scale dimension, they begin to exhibit unusual physical and chemical properties [1, 2]. Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in the elucidation of the structure-function relationship of these novel nanomaterials [3, ...

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PbS Quantum Dots: Synthesis and Optical Properties

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,055 Words)

Sruti Hemachandran Menon Abstract— PbS quantum dots have attracted more attention in quantum dot sensitized solar cells as sensitizers on photoanode because of its high efficiency, high absorption coefficient and broad range of absorption. In this paper, we synthesized PbS quantum dots on the glass substrate coated with TiO2 paste by SILAR (Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction) method The quantum dot size ...

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Homogenized Mushroom Tissue Based Biosensors

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,223 Words)

ABSTRACT Homogenized mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) tissue based biosensors by using plant tissue materials is a relatively new development in the biosensor technology. A simple in dip stick kind of visual ethanol biosensor that based on immobalised alcohol oxidase (AOX) homogenized from mushroom tissue onto polyaniline (PANI) film for ethanol (> 5% concentration ) detection in toiletries products. The colour going to change from green to blue ...

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Chemical Properties of Silicon and its Uses

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,482 Words)

Silicon and its Chemical Properties: Role in Architecture and Construction Introduction Silicon ranks seventh as the most abundant element in the universe and second most abundant element in earth with 27.7% composition of crust by mass (Exley, 1998). Silicon is a metalloid of atomic number 14 and chemical symbol Si discovered by Swedish chemist, Jöns Berzelius in 1823. Natural silicon contains three isotopes: 92.2% of Si-28, ...

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Chemical Analysis of Manuka Honey

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,313 Words)

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Manuka honey Manuka honey is a monofloral honey delivered from the Manuka bush Leptospermum scoparium, has long been known as a food and beverage. Study also suggested that manuka honey has ameliorative properties in wound healing, fungal infections, ophthalmic disorders, diabetes, gastrointestinal tract disorders, skin ulcers and infectors (Medhi et al, 2008). Bees foraging and gather nectar from the manuka bush, create ...

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Copolymerization of Styrene and a Cyclic Peptide

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

9 Pages (3,462 Words)

Putting peptides into the backbone chain of polyolefins: the radical copolymerization of styrene and a cyclic peptide containing the disulfide bond Anja C. Paulya, Daniel Rentschb and Fabio di Lena*a. Supporting Information ABSTRACT: For the first time, a vinyl monomer such as styrene has been radically copolymerized with a cyclic peptide containing the disulfide bond. A new class of bio-hybrids is obtained in which the ...

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Molecular Functions of Secondary Targets

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,508 Words)

Kasun Ratnayake Identifying the relationship between molecular functions of secondary targets and side effects of drugs Abstract Small molecule drugs can involve in unidentified secondary targets other than its primary target in vivo1. The specific binding interactions should be studied in order to identify the potential effects on certain drugs which are administered1. The identification of secondary targets of a drug could help to ...

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Mark Ratner's Concepts of Molecular Electronics

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,839 Words)

Mark Ratner and The Basis of the Future: Molecular Electronics Levent BahadÄ±rhan KarakuÅŸ 2. Introduction Mark Ratner, He is professor of chemistry and professor of materials science and engineering at Northwestern University. He studies the theory of fundamental chemical processes related to nanoscale application. Ratner is a member of the Internatioanal Academy of Quantum Molecular Science also, His lectures subjects were “Transport in molecular Junctions”and “Nano ...

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Interactions between Pr(III) & Sm(III) Cations

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

10 Pages (3,755 Words)

pH-metric study of substituted3,5-diaryl isoxazolines complexes in 70% Dioxane solvent media . S.A.Thorat1,S.D.Thakur2 ABSTRACT:- The complex formation between Pr(III)&Sm(III) metal ions and 3-(2-hydroxy-3-nitro-5-methylphenyl)-5-(2-phenylethenyl)isoxazoline[HNMP2EI]L1,3-(2-hydroxy-3-bromo-4-nitro-5-methyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazoline[HBNM4MI]L2,3-(2-hydroxy-3-bromo-4-nitro-5-methyl)-5-(3-nitrophenyl)isoxazoline[HBNM3NI]L3have been studied at 0.1M Ionic Strength (26±0.1)oC in 70% Dioxane water mixture by Bjerrum method as adopted by Calvin & Wilson .It is observed that Pr(III)&Sm(III) metal ions form 1:1 & 1:2 complexes with ligand L1,L2&L3.The data obtained were used to estimate & ...

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Synthesis and Anticancer Activities of 5-halogeno Pyrimidine

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,725 Words)

SOLID STATE MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES OF N-DERIVATIVES OF 5-HALOGENO SUBSTITUTED PYRIMIDINE 2, 4 DIONE BY TAHIRA SAGHIR ABSTRACT This study will report the synthesis of some substituted 5-halogenated pyrimidine 2,4dione by conventional and solid state microwave assisted methods. Derivitization of 5-halogenated pyrimidine,2,4 dione give predominately N1and N3-subsituted compounds where R may be the alkyl ,aryl, allyl, acyl, cyclohexenyleetc. 5-halogenated pyrimidine 2,4 dione derivatives represent ...

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Number of Microorganisms and Level of Spoilage Relationship

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,718 Words)

1.0 Materials and Method 1.1 Chemicals 50 g of dried powder of curcumin will be extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus with 500 mL of 95% ethanol. The process will be done until the solvent is colourless. The extract then will be filtered and concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The dried ethanolic extract will be stored for further usage. A stock solution of curcumin will be prepared by dissolving ...

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Nanoparticles: Applications and Impact on Science

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,469 Words)

Nanoparticles (NPs) functionalised with cores composed of inorganic and organic materials like noble element, magnetic metals, their alloys and oxides, and semiconductors are ehaustively studied and have huge potential for application in various areas. The spectrum of applications are endless and embraces nano-biomedicine, nanoprobes for diagnostics to treatment of diseases, nanobots for early detection of neoplastic cell, nano drug delivery systems, Nanosuspension, SPION, nanolithography for nanoelectronics ...

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Dolutegravir Drug for Virologic Suppression

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

9 Pages (3,561 Words)

Graphical abstract: Dolutigravir, second generation integrase inhibitor: A new hope for HIV patients Geeta Yadav Mesra, Ranchi Abstract: Undeterred efforts have been made and will be made in future to make it possible for HIV-infected individuals to achieve the goals of virologic suppression and one more result of this rigrous exercise is dolutegravir drug. It is the recent integrase inhibitor approved by the ...

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Synthesis of API’s and API’s based Derivative

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

8 Pages (3,096 Words)

Title of Proposed Project: Efficient synthesis of API’s and API’s based Derivative for their Structure Activity Relationship and Pharmacokinetics Profile Project Details Project Summary This project concern with the establishment of organic synthesis facilities in Department of Chemistry, UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI. The established facilities will be used for the training of BS/M.Sc./MS/M.Phil. And Ph.D. scholars in the field of Organic Synthesis. In this project ...

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How Electron Configuration Accounts for Ion Formation

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

3 Pages (1,045 Words)

Consider electron configuration as it applies to the periodic table and explain in detail how this accounts for the formation of ions. Elements are arranged in the periodic table (see figure 1) according to their electronic configuration, which describes the number and arrangement of electrons in an atom, helping to make sense of the chemistry of an element. The notion of Electron configuration was first highlighted ...

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Effect of Temperature on the Activation Energy

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

10 Pages (3,608 Words)

Title: Investigating the Effect of Temperature on the Activation Energy Planning A. Hypothesis I predict that as temperature rises, the faster are the rates of reaction. The reaction that will be studied in this experiment is between magnesium and sulphuric acid. This reaction is shown in the chemical equation below: Mg (s) + H2S04 (aq) → MgS04 (aq) + H2 (g) In this ...

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Effect of Changing Concentration on the Order of Reaction

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

16 Pages (6,010 Words)

Title : An Investigation into the Effect of Changing the Concentration by Continuous Method on the Order of Reaction Planning A. Hypotheses I predict that the rate of reaction is influenced by the concentration of the reactants; and that the rate of reaction and the concentration of reactants decrease as time intervals increase. I predict that the order of reaction is affected ...

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A Study of Tainted Drinking Water

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,533 Words)

A study of tainted drinking water looked at several cases in Pennsylvania and Texas. The study examined watering wells found contaminated by methane and other hydrocarbon gases. Researchers detected methane gas in excess of 130 Pennsylvania and Texas water wells. At first it was believed that the contamination was caused by fracking in near areas. Shale-gas producing companies use the process of fracking to extract natural ...

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Kiliani-fischer Synthesis of Monosaccharides

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,223 Words)

Teoh Shi Hao Sean Introduction Monosaccharides are the most basic unit of carbohydrates, playing an essential role in the biochemistry of life. The most important and commonly occurring form is glucose, used as an energy source in cells (Solomon et al., 2011). Monosaccharides have the chemical formula (CH2O)n (where n 3) but those with eight or more carbons are uncommon due to their ...

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Role of Weak Attractions in Macromolecular Structure

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,662 Words)

Weak attractions in aqueous system? Hydrogen bonding in water. Crucial role of weak attractions in macromolecular structure and function. Muhammad Sanain Javed Group A Water is also known as universal solvent because it is the only solvent which mostly use in almost every reaction. There are many types of weak attractions which are present in aqueous system. The weak attractions which are present in the ...

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Microphase Separation of Miktoarm Star Copolymers

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,976 Words)

Abstract: Miktoarm star shaped copolymers have attracted much attention due to their unique shape and intriguing properties compared to the linear block copolymers, including compact structure, higher critical micelle concentration, lower viscosity, efficient synthetic routes and wide range of morphologies. The different synthetic routes such as anionic polymerization and controlled radical polymerization have made it possible to synthesis diverse molecular architecture of copolymer and these diverse ...

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Determination of the pKas for Glycine

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

8 Pages (3,137 Words)

Name: Aleksandra Redlinska Lab Partner: Adrianna Czerlonko Lab Instructor: Jenq-Kuen Huang Lab TA: Chandra K.Ailneni Objectives: The purpose of this experiment is to titrate glycine and determine its pKa values. This is done to show that glycine is a dipolar ion. This experiment will help explain how pKa values and pH are closely related and will help show the importance of pH in amino acids. Background: ...

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Synthesis of Substituted Quinazolinones

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,249 Words)

6. DISCUSSION Heterocyclic compounds, widely distributed in nature are very essential to life. They play a vital role in the metabolism of all living cells. With their high degree of structural diversities and broad spectrum activities, they have proven to be one of the most economically useful chemotherapeutic agents. Synthesis of novel heterocyclic compounds with more potent activities, better efficacy and lower toxicity is the need ...

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Mechanism and Optimization of Melphalan

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,522 Words)

Melphalan Introduction Cancer in general is referred to body cells that grows rapidly and over the limit of normal cells (Hayflick limit). There’s over 200 different types of cancer, where some cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body leading to further complications. It’s one of the biggest leading cause of death worldwide. Therefore interest in finding treatment and prevention for this disease has ...

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Density and Salinity of Seawater – Comparison of Methods

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,257 Words)

Sergian Murtanu, Lab partner: Sammy Chaaban Abstract: The goal of this experiment was to compare the salinity of seawater from different methods. The average salinity in seawater is around 35 parts per thousand. 3 The BOD bottles were used to find the density of seawater, the equation to state was then applied, using density to determine the salinity. The salinity of seawater from the ...

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Quantum Mechanics in Commerce

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,523 Words)

Alec Bolme Tobi Odeleye In today’s world, there are general rules that everything seems to follow. This can include simple things like how putting force on an object or pushing it will result in the object moving in the direction of the force. Also things such as how gravity will affect an object make it fall. If someone were to let go of an ...

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Chemical Analysis of Water Supply

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,564 Words)

Introductions This EEI’s purposed is to identify and make justified conclusions to three unlabelled water supply that have been taken from different locations within the Kedron Brook area. Using several tests to find which water supply came from, measuring its pH, turbidity, conductivity and etc. There are other task such as systematic analysis (comparing and contrasting previous year student’s results) and how to make water drinkable. ...

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Quantification of Bioactive Compounds in Mentat Tablet (MT)

Published Date: 24 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,950 Words)

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of twenty-eight major bioactive compounds in Mentat tablet (MT), a complex Indian herbal medicine used in the treatment of neurological disorder and improvement of mental health. Multiple-reaction monitoring scanning was employed for quantification in positive and negative mode. The analysis was accomplished on Waters AQUITY UPLC BEH C18 ...

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Organotin (IV) Compounds: Chemistry, Properties and Uses

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

10 Pages (3,638 Words)

Introduction 1.1 Tin Element It is undeniably that many research and studies had been done in the field of organotin chemistry for the past half century. Sn which is symbol bared by tin which is called as stannum in Latin. It is placed on group 14 and period 5 in the periodic table with atomic number of 50. It has an electronic configuration of [Kr] 4d10 ...

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Screening of Non Target Compounds in Wastewater Samples

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,600 Words)

Report Since October 2012, I have worked in a special project about Elimination of pharmaceuticals and organic compounds: Development of concepts and novel, cheap cleaning procedures – Formation of metabolites by ozonoation. It was a kind of training for me and a special key for my PhD work. We are interested in screening of non target compounds in wastewater samples. Wastewater samples are collected from different ...

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Chromium Complexes

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,042 Words)

Chromium is one of the transition metal in periodic table that is known for its ability in improving one’s health condition by preventing diseases and gives treatment. However in human body, only very small amounts of chromium are required and they are often regarded as the essential trace element in human body. Back in 1950s, the uses of chromium as nutritional and medical enhancement to glucose ...

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Dipole Moment of 5- Fluorouracil Molecule

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

8 Pages (2,941 Words)

Computational Term Paper: Theoretical studies on 5- fluorouracil to calculate its dipole moment, and how the values compare with other pyrimidine analog (namely uracil and thymine) and that of literature. Name: Farzana Nushin Rezvi Abstract: In this experiment, the dipole moment of 5- Fluorouracil molecule was determined using the Gaussian software, and compared with literature values. The dipole moments of other pyrimidine analogs, namely Thymine ...

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Quantitative Determination of Sulphate

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

10 Pages (3,703 Words)

Quantitative Determination of Sulphate by Gravimetric Analysis Yeo Yi Joshua Gravimetric analysis is a quantitative method to determine the amount of a substance, sulphate, by selective precipitation of the substance from an aqueous solution. In this experiment, the amount of sulphate is determined quantitatively as barium sulphate, BaSO4 by gravimetric analysis. This experiment will allow one to determine the amount of sulphate SO42- ...

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Determination of Substance through Density

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

8 Pages (3,124 Words)

DExperiment #1 DENSITY OF SUBSTANCES Prepared by Paul Okweye and Malinda Gilmore Purpose of the Experiment To learn about the properties of matter such as density that are used as a method of physical identification. In this experiment the objectives are: To teach the correct use of a balance and graduated cylinders, To determine the densities of solids, pure liquids and solutions, To determine ...

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Effect of Temperature and Cu2+ on Abscorbic Acid Stability

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,840 Words)

Effects of Temperature, pH and Cu2+ on Abscorbic Acid Stability NAME: Sophia Chai Lai Jin Objectives: To perform a selected redox titrimetric procedure. To measure the stability of ascorbic acid under various conditions. Introduction L-ascorbic acid as known as Vitamin C is an essential nutrient for humans. L-ascorbic acid is one of the most potent compounds acting as an antioxidant in biological systems ...

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Cytotoxic Activities and Synthesis of Plumbagin

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

10 Pages (3,674 Words)

3.1 Introduction Plants produce a large number of diverse natural products or secondary metabolites which are involved in the normal cell growth, development or reproduction of organisms. Some of these compounds offer protection against herbivores and microbial pathogens, while others are involved in defense against abiotic stress, such as UV-B exposure Many of the secondary metabolites have interesting biological properties, which make them desirable candidates for optimization ...

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Role of Organic Geochemistry in Petroleum

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

8 Pages (2,906 Words)

A review on role of organic geochemistry in petroleum; characterization and applications of different basins Harish Chandra Joshi Abstract Petroleum is a mixture dominantly of hydrocarbons with varying proportions of non-hydrocarbon constituents and traces of organometallic compounds. Generally Petroleum has an average composition of 85% carbon, 13% hydrogen, and 2% of sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen. The aim of study is to find out the physicochemical and ...

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Identifying Macromolecules by Means of Colour Change

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,646 Words)

By Marike Coetzee B Dietetics II 1. Introduction 1.1 Aim The purpose of this lab was to observe the colour changes (due to chemical reactions) indicators had on different macromolecules in food;1 such as starch, proteins and lipids; and then to identify the macromolecules found in an Unknown solution. These known solutions contained different types of macromolecules which each reacted with at least one indicator solution ...

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Ammonium Perchlorate Decomposition in Nano-titania

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

11 Pages (4,099 Words)

Thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate in the presence of commercial nano-titania Mostafa Mahinroosta* Abstract Addition of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (especially transition metal oxides) to ammonium perchlorate improves its thermal decomposition via decreasing the high temperature of decomposition. Two mechanisms including electron-transfer and proton-transfer have been proposed for thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. In this research field, nanometer transition metal oxides have attracted a ...

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Synthesis of Aquasomes With Different Compositions

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,286 Words)

Executive Summary of Research Proposal (maximum 300 words) (Please include the problem statement, objectives, research methodology, expected output/outcomes/implication, and significance of output from the research project) The last three decades have witnessed remarkable and breathtaking advances in the field of biotechnology, biochemistry, molecular biology and peptide synthesis. These developments have facilitated the pharmaceutical industry to make remarkable progress in the development of peptide and proteins as ...

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Assessment of Naproxen and Paracetamol in Mixed Tablet

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,512 Words)

METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ASSESSMENT OF NAPROXEN AND PARACETAMOL IN MIXED TABLET DOSAGE FORM BY RP-UPLC K.KANAKAPARVATHI*, Vijay Nagarjan, Santha Arcot and CH Hemanth Kumar. ABSTRACT An advancement design and corroboration for simultaneous assessment of Naproxen (NAP) and Paracetamol (PAR) in merged tablet dosage form by UPLC. The column used in determination was C18 thermo fisher (50cm x 4.6 mm x 3µm), mobile ...

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Synthesis and Properties of Liquid Crystals for VAN

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,910 Words)

Synthesis and properties of liquid crystals for vertically aligned nematic (VAN) displays Introduction Liquid crystals where first observed in 1853 and 1855 by Rudolph Virchow and C. Mettenheimer respectively, both observed a flowing fluid like compound which was birefringent (brightly coloured) between cross-polarisers much like a crystalline solid, hence the compound was both liquid and crystal thus liquid crystal. [3, 4]. It was not until the ...

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Copper: Structure, Functions and Chemistry

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,408 Words)

COPPER (I) Copper has played a significant role in the history of human civilization, he was the first metal produced on a larger scale and used for practical purposes. Copper has been used by humans since ancient times, in the oldest antiquity and almost certainly soon after gold and argint. Archeologists discovered objects of this metal dating from 8700 BC, the occurrence of copper, much ...

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Biflavone and a Plant Sterol Isolated from Antidesma bunius

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,228 Words)

A Biflavone and a Plant Sterol Isolated from Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng. Ivan L. Lawagai,* Suad Naheedb, Mohammed Mosihuzzamanc, Allan, Patrick G. Macabeoadeg, Erickson Paragasefk, Peter Prokschh, Alicia M. Aguinaldoaeg Keywords: Antidesma, Antidesma bunius, Amentoflavone, Betasitosterol, biflavone, sterols 1. Subject and source Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng. (Euphrbiaceae) ‘‘bignay” is a common plant found throughout the Philippines. The bark is poisonous as it contains an alkaloid ...

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Free Surface Energy of Polymers

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

12 Pages (4,693 Words)

Free surface energy of polymers. Poly(itaconate)s and poly(methacrylate)s Ligia Gargallo1, Claudia Aguirre2, Angel Leiva2, Deodato Radic Abstract: The free surface energy (SE) for a series of mono and diesters derived from poly(itaconic) acid, was determined by wettability measurements and estimated by theoretical calculations from Sugden’s Parachor. For these polymers it was observed a decreaseing in the free surface energy as the size of the chain of ...

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Enhancing Paracetamol with Silver Metal Ions

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,708 Words)

1- Introduction The paracetamol (Fig. 1) is one of the famous analgesic drugs which is commonly named as N-acetyl-4-amino-phenol. Paracetamol has an antipyretic medication with little toxicological side effect [1-7]. The fluorometry [8], luminescence [9], electrochemical [10], nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy [11] and liquid chromatography [12] are different analyses techniques used to determination of paracetamol drug in pure and pharmaceutical fashions. Paracetamol has a side ...

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Sulfur Dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,395 Words)

Alan Chan Since the Industrial revolution, there were great increases in emissions of sulfur dioxide and particulates, deteriorating air qualities more dominantly in industrial cities but also suburban areas and environments close by. Two of the very evident and dominant gases which cause much damage to our Earth include both sulfur dioxides and oxides of nitrogen which when reacted with water turn acidic through ...

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Vapour Pressure as a Function of Temperature of Ether

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

14 Pages (5,586 Words)

Xin Wang Title To measure the enthalpy of vaporization and the boiling point of diethyl ether by cooling the ether down and continuously recording a series of different temperature readings and their corresponding vapour pressure values. Abstract Vapour pressure p of ether under a series of different temperatures T were measured and three repeats were done. The three graphs of ln(p) against 1/T were ...

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Acid Leaching for Metallic Impurities

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

10 Pages (3,863 Words)

Acid Leaching for Metallic Impurities Evaluation of Some Mineral Ores in Nigeria *R.L. Tyohemba1& S. K. Emgba2 Abstract There is every need to access the impurity ratio of mineral ores in order to furnish investors and industrialists with information required to weigh the gains of venturing into their exploration. Metallic ores including; Zinc ore (Sphalerite), Iron ore (Magnetite), Iron ore (Heamatite), Copper ore (chalcocite), Lead ...

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Quantitation by Extraction

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,672 Words)

Syed Masood Hassan Akbari INTRODUCTION A liquid-liquid extraction phase consists of a component (a) which is to be removed from the feed phase. The addition of a second phase (b) a solvent phase which is immiscible with the feed phase but the component (a) is soluble in both the feed phase and the solvent phase. As it happens the solute (a) is transferred from ...

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Selective Oestrogen Receptor Molecules (SERM)

Published Date: 22 Jan 2018

10 Pages (3,603 Words)

Lucy Perry Perry Pharma Development Pipeline Introduction: Perry Pharma Research & Development (PP-R&D) has been investigating Selective Oestrogen Receptor Molecules (SERM) for potential development that will be effective in both breast and uterine cancer as part of its drug pipeline. Early clinical testing of PKWT and PKWX, for which PP holds Australian patents (66633 –PKWT and 44455 – PKWX) for, indicates significant improvement in ...

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Synthesis and Characterization of a New Aromatic Diamine

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

8 Pages (3,005 Words)

The synthesis and characterization of a new aromatic diamine, 2,5-bis-(aminopyridine-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (BAPO), containing pyridine and 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties has been reported. An organophilic clay has been obtained via cation exchange reaction between the hydrochloride salt of BAPO and sodium montmorillonite (Na+-Mt‎). Basal space and thermal stability of this new modified organoclay were studied by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. High thermal stability of ...

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Identification of Unknown Macromolecule

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

8 Pages (2,884 Words)

Heike Behr Aim The purpose of this lab was to use the scientific method to identify an unknown solution, based on the reactions (i.e. color changes) of known solutions with indicator solutions. These known solutions contained different types of macromolecules. Each type of macromolecule reacted with at least one indicator solution in a unique way, which allowed us to identify the macromolecule based ...

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3t-Alkyl-2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones: Synthesis

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,381 Words)

3t-Alkyl-2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones Synthesis A very convenient and non-laborious one-pot synthesis method developed by Noller and Baliah [50] has been used successfully for the synthesis of 3t-alkyl-2r, 6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones 32 by the condensation of methyl ketones, aromatic aldehydes and ammonium acetate in 1:2:1 molar ratio (Scheme 13). It’s a non-laborious one-pot synthesis of 3t-alkyl-2r, 6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones 32. Various substituted piperidin-4-ones were also synthesized by adapting the above method [53-,57]. Often ...

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Rare Earth Doped Upconverting Nanoparticles

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,427 Words)

Rare Earth Doped Upconverting Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Application in Bio-Imaging Nidhi Malviya1, Vinita Rajput Chouhan1, Sudeshna Ray2 ABSTRACT Upconversion luminescence, a nonlinear process, which re-emits a photon at a shorter wavelength by the absorption of more than one photon, successively at longer wavelengths via long-lived intermediate energy states, is useful for important applications in various fields like fluorescence bio-imaging and lasers. This NIR-to-NIR up-conversion process ...

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Determination of the End Point of the Acid Base Titration

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,311 Words)

Marwan Mohsen Mohamed Table of Contents (Jump to) Introduction Acids and Bases Properties of acid Strengths of Acids and Bases How to detect acid and Bases? pKa and Dissociation Equilibrium Equipment Procedure Results and conclusion Bibliography Introduction Acids and Bases Every liquid we see will probably have either basic or acidic properties. Water can be a base and ...

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Structure, Physical Properties and Uses of Metals

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,050 Words)

Jason Thien FS Introduction Metals account for about two thirds of all the elements and about 24% of the mass of the planet. Metals have useful properties including strength, ductility, high melting points, thermal and electrical conductivity, and toughness. From the periodic table, it can be seen that a large number of the elements are classified as being a metal. Iron (Fe) ...

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Effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,341 Words)

Lynnette Chan Do Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Negatively Affect Memory? Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most common antidepressants prescribed to treat moderate to severe depression. SSRIs increase serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) levels in the brain by blocking serotonin reuptake. Compared to other antidepressants such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), SSRIs are more selective and have fewer side effects. In addition to affecting emotional moods, SSRIs ...

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Structure of Water and Its Dynamic Hydrogen Bond Network

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

9 Pages (3,271 Words)

Introduction Water is essential to life as it is main constituent of cell in living organism. All biological macromolecules are almost inactive in its structural stability and functioning in absence of water. Water-Role in Life Water is key compound for our existence on this planet due to its ubiquitous presence on the earth and in living organisms. It is involved in all ...

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Factors Effecting Voltage of Electrochemical Cells

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

13 Pages (4,965 Words)

Electrochemical Cells Simon Luu Electrochemistry is the science that studies this union of chemistry and electricity. Batteries and fuel cells utilize spontaneous redox processes to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Introduction Oxidation reactions (or redox reactions) are an important part of chemical reactions. ...

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Hazard Identification in a Combined Cycle Power Plant

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

9 Pages (3,578 Words)

Fire and Explosion Hazard Identification in a Combined Cycle Power Plant ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Fire and Explosion are the most prevalent accidents at chemical and process industries which can cause serious damage to properties and loss of productions. Fire and explosion hazards are considered as the first and second major hazards in chemical industries [1]. Besides that, release of toxic materials are prevalent accidents in process industries ...

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Use of Reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC)

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

10 Pages (3,798 Words)

Introduction Reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) is one of the commonly used techniques in separation of a wide ranging of analyte based on differences in their structures. In RP-HPLC, the polar mobile phase and nonpolar stationary phase was practised. In this mode of HPLC, the analyte retains into stationary phase by hydrophobic interaction (Hanai, 1999; Swadesh, 2001). The surface area of nonpolar part of analyte molecules is more ...

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Detection of Vanadium Using Immobilizing 4-(2-pyridylazo)

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

8 Pages (3,024 Words)

"Naked eye detection of vanadium using immobilizing 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol on functionalized HMS" Mohamad taghi Samadi1, Abas Afkhami2, Kadijeh Shamsi 1, *and Abdolmotaleb Said mohamadi1 abstract In this work, inexpensive optical sensor for the naked eye detection of vanadium by immobilizing 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol on the functionalized hexagonal mesoporous silica via N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride in aqueous mediae has been used. The effects of several factors such as pH, reaction time, ...

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Determination of Uranium Concentration in Uranium Ore

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

12 Pages (4,745 Words)

Investigation of effective Parameters on determination of uranium concentration in uranium ore by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy A. AliValiOllahi*, Gh. Alahyarizadeh, S. A. Ahmadi, A. Minuchehr, A. Zolfaghari Abstract Uranium concentration in four different sample solutions (A, B, C and D) of uranium ore was determined by X-Ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The effect of several different parameters on the ...

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Experiment on Size, Shape and Structures of Aggregates

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,948 Words)

Introduction Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) have made considerable attention because of their unique features for conversion of free, unlimited solar energy into electricity by utilizing environmental friendly, inexpensive raw materials for low production cost1,2. DSSC composed of nanostructured, mesoporous semiconductors with wide-bandgap materials, to which the dye molecules (sensitizers) are adsorbed, a counter electrode and an electrolyte. In DSSC the dye molecule absorb visible light, ...

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Experiments in Quantum Mechanics

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

10 Pages (3,774 Words)

The theory of quantum mechanics developed when the classical theories of mechanics and electromagnetism were unable to provide explanation to the characteristics of atomic structure and electromagnetic radiation (Rae, 2008). The appearance of quantum mechanics resulted in the emergence of a principle that has the ability to describe the nuclei, proton and neutron (Rae, 2008). Quantum theory has two sides, the first is the mathematical side and ...

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Methods for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,348 Words)

Ola Agoro Table of Contents (Jump to) INTRODUCTION WAYS OF MAINTAINING SUSTAINABILITY IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY 1. RENEWABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY 2. CATALYSIS 3. EFFICIENT WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RECYCLE 4. SAFER SOLVENT CONCLUSION REFERENCE INTRODUCTION Also known as green chemistry, sustainability in the chemical industry is the practise or a viewpoint of chemical researches that is ...

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Use of Atomic Spectrometry in Pharmaceutical Analysis

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,763 Words)

Jie Pan Introduction Pharmaceutical analysis is a critical issue for human beings, not only to verify the effectiveness of drugs, but also for the safety issues. The toxicity of various elements has been well studied and documented for many years. There are many ways to prove effective elements or compounds in drugs. For more than 100 years, the main focus on standard for testing ...

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ATR-FTIR Analysis for Oil Type Identification

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,313 Words)

Abstract Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis could greatly help in the identification of oil. By mere inspection of the IR spectra, saturated oils can be easily distinguished from coconut oils. Identification of oils can be enhance by the use of chemometrical techniques such Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Using this technique, subtle differences in the spectra can be used to classify vegetable oils. This ...

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Formation Processes of Silicon Carbide

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,741 Words)

Effect of silicon carbide dispersion on the microwave absorbing properties of silicon carbide-epoxy composites in 2–40 GHz Yaw-Shun Hong, Tzu-Hao Ting, Chih-Chia Chiang, Ken-Fa Cheng Abstract Wide-band, strong absorption with low density and thin matching thickness are essential for electromagnetic wave absorbers. In this study, silicon carbide powders were successfully synthesized by the method of preheating combustion synthesis in nitrogen atmosphere and introduced ...

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Liquid Phase Surface Nitriding of Al-5052

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,604 Words)

Abstract: Liquid phase surface nitriding of Al-5052 was performed using the heat of a TIG (tungsten inert gas) torch in a gas shielding which was a mixture of argon and nitrogen. The feasibility of obtaining nitride compounds at various TIG processing parameters and nitrogen contents in the shielding gas were studied. The presence of AlN phase being formed during surface nitriding was proved by X-ray diffraction ...

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Synthesis of CNTs From Hydrocarbons Resources by CCVD

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,152 Words)

1. Introduction Carbon nanotube is one of the most promising candidates of nanomaterials which own wonderful mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. With one hundred times the steel’s tensile strength, thermal conductivity better than all materials except the purest diamond, and electrical conductivity contact to the copper with ballistic transport of electrons present the ability to carry much higher currents without heat generation. Carbon nanotube can be ...

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Expression of Recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein (rGFP)

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,750 Words)

Expression and Purification of recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein (rGFP) from E. coli using Ni2+-Agarose Column Chromatography. Andrea Bustamante Janakikeerthika Darmarpandi Abstract Green Fluorescent Proteins are vital components of bioluminescence in marine animals. There unique ability to withstand and recover from harsh conditions and regain fluorescence was of great interest. The purpose of the following set of experiments was to express and purify a ...

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Factors Affecting Reaction Rates: Experiment

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

11 Pages (4,184 Words)

Maria Angela R. Dulin and Felix P. Terencio Jr. ABSTRACT An area in chemistry that focuses on the speed or rate at which a chemical reaction takes place is chemical kinetics. In drug making, in pollution control and in food processing, knowledge about the rate of reaction is useful (Chang, 2010). Since chemical kinetics has a widespread application in our daily lives, it is ...

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Nickel-mediated Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

5 Pages (1,994 Words)

Abstract: The Ni(II) complexes [Ni(5-C5H3 R2)(X)(NHC)] 1a–f combined with MAO was tested in methylmethacrylate (MMA) polymerization. The complex 1f, bearing the bulky 2,6-diisopropenylphenyl substituents in the NHC ligand was found to be the most effective in the polymerization of MMA with TOF up to 200 h-1 resulting in a syndiotactic, high molecular weight PMMAs which can be explained by anionic, MAO-centered polymerization mechanism. Introduction: A great ...

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Atomistic Fabrication Technology to Enhance Accuracy

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,133 Words)

Importance of Atomistic Fabrication Technology to Enhance Machining Accuracy During Electrochemical Machining of Metals Ritesh Upadhyay, Arbind Kumar P.K. Srivastava Abstract Atomistic fabrication technology fully utilizes physical and chemical phenomena with atomistic and electronic understanding. In the case of mechanical machining many defects are introduced when pushing the tool on the workpiece surface and then atoms on the workpiece surface are removed by ...

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Solvent Effect on the Interaction of C20 and N2H2

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

8 Pages (3,022 Words)

Solvent effect on the interaction of C20 and N2H2: A theoretical study Reza Ghiasi*,1, Hanieh Alavi2 Abstract: In this work, the interaction of C20 and N2H2 fragment was investigated in the M062X/6-311G(d,p) level of theory in both gas and solution phases. The influence of solvent on the interaction energy, structural parameters, frontier orbital energies and hyperpolarizability of C20…N2H2 complex has been explored. The interaction energies ...

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Determination of Adulterants in Honey Using HPLC Method

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,120 Words)

Determination of adulterants such as hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in honey using HPLC method 2. Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials Standard of hydroxymethylfurfural was purchased from sigma Aldrich. All the samples and standards were diluted using distilled deionised water. Methanol, sodium hydroxide,diphenyl-1-pikryl, ascorbic acid, 2,2- hydrochloric acid and acetic acid were of analytical reagent grade and purchased from Techno PharmChem, ...

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Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) Experiment

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,486 Words)

Abstract Artificial neural networks (ANNs) is applied for prediction of product selectivity in biological sulfide removal. An experimental setup is constructed for investigation of biological sulfide removal in a fed batch bioreactor. In this process, sulfide is biologically converted into elemental sulfur and sulfate by the bacterium Thiobacillus thioparus. In addition, thiosulfate is produced in a side reaction. The effect of various parameters (dissolved oxygen, concentration ...

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Importance of Natural Product Synthesis

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,570 Words)

History of medicine dates back practically to the existence of human civilization. Historically, the majority of new drugs have been generated from natural products and from compounds derived from natural products. Natural products, including plants, animals and minerals have always been a source of therapeutic agents for many years. Natural products sometimes exhibit pharmacological or biological property that can be of therapeutic benefit in treating diseases. ...

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Enhancement of Polymeric Materials through Nanotechnology

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,539 Words)

Performance Enhancement of Polymeric Materials through Nanotechnology Dr. P.C. Thapliyal Abstract: In the last decade or so, nanotechnology has gained tremendous and widespread attention. Currently, nanotechnology is being applied in many fields to formulate materials with novel functions due to their unique physical and chemical properties. The major nanotechnology applications are identified as energy, agriculture productivity, water treatment, disease diagnosis, drug delivery system, food processing, ...

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Structure and Chemical Composition of Silk

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

6 Pages (2,094 Words)

Silk: A Natural Polymer By: David Church “The Silk Road,” a trading route that can be traced back to over 3600 years ago, but still is a household recognized name. Standing the test of time proves that this product was extremely important in shaping history. According to Chinese historians, silk began with the prince of China, Hoang-ti, and his wife, Si-ling-chi. The prince wanted his wife ...

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Classification of Wastewater

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,386 Words)

Wastewaters are numerous in kind and defy easy definition. It is difficult to evolve a universal classification for 'waste'. However, roughly there are three basic classification methods, which are combined to form a waste classification system (Hagerty., 1973). They are physical classification, chemical classification and thermal classification. The last one is directly related to thermal processing requirements and focuses on the information needed to select, design, ...

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Cell-Permeable Stapled Peptides from HIV1 Gene Products

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

4 Pages (1,515 Words)

Cell-Permeable Stapled Peptides Based on HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors Derived from HIV-1 Gene Products Introduction HIV-1 Integrase (IN), is necessary enzyme for the replication of the virus into the host cells. It catalyzes the integration of viral DNA into the genome of host cells. The mechanisms employed by the enzyme are strand transfer and 3′-end processing reactions. The enzyme is vital for the virus life cycle and ...

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Detection of Pesticides in Foods Using Chemiluminescence

Published Date: 18 Jan 2018

7 Pages (2,759 Words)

Sensitive And Selective Detection of Pesticides in Foods Using Chemiluminescence Zhou Yan Introduction Pesticides are widely used in agriculture to protect seeds and crops before and after harvesting. They have contributed significant economic benefits to society. At the same time, widespread use of pesticides has created serious problems regarding their effect on the environment and human health.[1]. Even low levels of contaminants can ...

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