The History Of Nursing Education

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

This chapter presents the summary, conclusion, implications, recommendations and limitation of the study.

6.1: SUMMARY:

All women face challenges, both mental and physical, during pregnancy. Those challenges are even greater for teen mothers. Due to social stigmas and lack of information about pregnancy, teens are more likely than older mothers to receive inadequate perinatal care and engage in behaviours that may be risky for their health and the health of their baby. Many biological, economic, and cultural factors- such as poverty, malnutrition, immature reproductive tract, child marriages, and gender inequities may compromise the health of a pregnant adolescent. Teenage women are more likely to continue with the pregnancy and parenting if they are poorly educated, have low income, come from a large family, or if their mother had her first child as a teenager. Babies who are born to teenage mothers have a higher risk of dying during their first year than babies of women over 20. The teenage mother is also at greater risk for high blood pressure, according to the National Institutes of Health.

The research shows that the health of the teenage mothers is affected due to poor knowledge and unfavourable attitude towards perinatal care. The teenage mothers should be supported by health care professionals and should be made aware of the services available in order to enhance health of the mother and newborn.

The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of exhibition on knowledge and attitude of teenage mothers regarding perinatal care.

6.1.1: The objectives of the study were

1. To assess the pre test and post test level of knowledge and attitude of teenage mothers regarding perinatal care.

2. To compare the pre and post test level of knowledge and attitude of teenage mothers regarding perinatal care.

3. To correlate the overall mean differed knowledge score with attitude score of teenage mothers regarding perinatal care.

4. To associate the mean differed knowledge and attitude score of teenage mothers on perinatal care with selected demographic variables.

6.1.2: The study was based on the assumptions that

1. Teenage mothers may have some knowledge regarding perinatal care.

2. Exhibition regarding perinatal care may enhance their knowledge.

3. Enhanced knowledge may create a positive attitude towards perinatal care.

6.1.3: The null hypotheses formulated were

NH 1 : There is no significant difference between the pre & post test level of knowledge and attitude regarding Perinatal care among teenage mothers p<0.05.

NH 2 : There is no significant relationship between the mean differed knowledge score with attitude score regarding perinatal care among teenage mothers at p<0.05.

NH 3 : There is no significant association of the mean differed knowledge and attitude score with selected demographic variables at p<0.05.

The investigator has done an in depth review of literature which included both theoretical and empirical related studies and statistics which provided a strong foundation for the study, including the basis for the conceptual framework and formation of the tool and to select the research methodology, namely one group pre test - post test within subjects design which was found to be suitable for the study.

The conceptual framework for the study was based on KING GOAL ATTAINMENT THEORY, which provided a comprehensive framework for evaluation of tool.

The content validity of the data collection tool and the intervention tool was obtained from 2 Medical experts and 3 nursing experts in the field of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.

The reliability of the knowledge tool was determined by test retest method and attitude scale was assessed by spilt half method and the feasibility of the study was analyzed by conducting a pilot study at Avadi PHC, Tiruvallur District and the study finding determined the high reliability of the tool.

The main study was conducted at selected PHC’s of Kanyakumari district namely Kothanallur, Marthandam and Villukuri. Purposive sampling technique was used and the sample size for the study was 60 teenage mothers who fulfilled the sample selection criteria and ethical aspects were maintained throughout the study.

Refined tools were used for data collection. Data collected were analyzed and interpreted based on the objectives and null hypothesis using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that there was a significant difference in the level of knowledge and attitude regarding perinatal care among teenage mothers after the administration of Exhibition.

6.1.4: The major findings of the study revealed that

The overall mean differed knowledge score of teenage mothers showed a ‘t’ value of 40.988 which was significant at p<0.001 level. The findings revealed that there was statistically high significant difference in the level of knowledge regarding perinatal care between the pre and post test scores among teenage mothers.

The overall mean differed attitude score of teenage mothers showed a ‘t’ value of 31.051, which was significant at p<0.001 level. The findings revealed that there was statistically high significant difference in the level of attitude regarding perinatal care between the pre and post test scores among teenage mothers.

The analysis on correlation of mean differed knowledge score with attitude score of teenage mothers showed that the mean value was 24.58 with S.D 2.21 for knowledge and the mean value was 57.97 with S.D 6.37 for attitude. The calculated ‘r’ value was 0.320 which revealed that there was low positive correlation between the mean differed knowledge score with attitude score at the level of p<0.01.

The analysis also revealed that there was no statistically significant association of mean differed knowledge with selected demographic variables and for the attitude there was statistically low significant association of attitude score with religion of teenage mothers at p<0.05.

6.2: CONCLUSION

The present study assessed the effectiveness of exhibition on knowledge and attitude regarding perinatal care among teenage mothers. The study findings concluded that there was a significant difference in the level of knowledge and attitude of teenage mothers after the exhibition on perinatal care and this proved to be an effective method to improve the knowledge and attitude of teenage mothers on perinatal care.

6.3: IMPLICATIONS

The investigator has drawn the following implications from the study, which is of vital concern in the field of Nursing practice, Nursing Administration, Nursing Education and Nursing Research.

6.3.1: Nursing Practice

The midwives have a vital role to work with teenage mothers to build their knowledge, understanding and informed decision-making in relation to perinatal care.

This can be facilitated by motivating the nurse midwives to:

Utilize the findings of the study to plan regular and periodic exhibition for teenage mothers in hospitals and community health centres regarding perinatal care.

Implement mass educational programme on perinatal care awareness using exhibition.

Conduct sexual and reproductive health programmes for teenage mothers.

6.3.2: Nursing Education

Conduct seminars, workshops and conferences for students regarding the recent advancement in perinatal care in order to provide up to date information to enhance their knowledge.

Encourage the nursing students to conduct exhibition on teenage pregnancy in various settings

Encourage the nursing students for effective utilization of research based practice.

6.3.3: Nursing Administration

The nurse administrator within the community or society should:

Collaborate with governing bodies to create policies, mobilize resources and create coalition with nongovernmental organizations in order to create awareness on perinatal care among teenage mothers.

Conduct in-service program and continuing education programme on utilization of health care services and its impact on teenage mothers.

6.3.4: Nursing Research

As a nurse researcher

Promote more research on teenage pregnancy and its complications .

Disseminate the findings of the research through conferences, seminars and publishing in nursing journal.

Utilize evidence and research findings in planning, implementing and evaluating the care of teenage mothers.

6.4: RECOMMENDATIONS

Exhibition method is recommended to follow in the hospital and community setting.

The investigator recommends the students of Omayal achi college of nursing to conduct exhibition on perinatal care among teenage mothers in Omayal Achi Community Health Centre, SISH and other affiliated hospitals of Omayal Achi College.

The investigator recommends the students to conduct street play on perinatal care among teenage mothers.

The study recommends the following for future research:

Similar study can be replicated on a larger sample to increase validity and generalizability of findings.

A comparative study regarding knowledge and attitude of teenage mothers between Urban and rural community can be conducted.

A prevalence study on teenage pregnancy can be conducted in a larger setting.

A study on strategies to prevent teenage pregnancy can be conducted in the same setting.

6.5: LIMITATIONS

The investigator found difficult to identify the age of participants since they hesitated to reveal their age.

The investigator found difficulty in preparing and carrying the AV aids for exhibition