Demographic Overview Of Germany

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Its estimated population of 81.7 million in January 2010, Germany is the most populous country in the European Union and ranks as the 16th most populous country in the world. Its population density stands at 229.4 per square kilometer. The whole life expectancy in Germany at birth is 80.19 years.

The fertility rate of 1.41 children born per woman (2011 estimates), or 8.33 births per 1000 inhabitants are one of the lowest in the world. Germany Forecast that the population will shrink to between 65 and 70 million by 2060 (depending on the level of net migration).

Germans by nationality make up 91% of the population of Germany. about seven million foreign citizens were registered in Germany, and 20% of the country's residents or more than 16 million people, were of foreign or partially foreign descents), 96% of whom lived in the former West Germany or Berlin.

In 2010, 2.3 million families with children less than 18 years were living in Germany, within at least one parent had foreign roots. They represented 29% of the total of 8.2 million families with minor children. Compared with 2005 – the year when the micro census started to collect detailed information on the population with a migrant background – the proportion of migrant families has risen by 2 percentage points.

Most of the families with a migrant background live in the western part of Germany. The proportion of migrant families in all families was 32% in the pre-unification territory of the Federal Republic. That was more than double that in the new Länder (including Berlin) where it stood at 15%.

Families with a migrant background more often have three or more minor children in the household than families without a migrant background. In 2010, about 15% of the people with a migrant background contained three or more minor children, as compared with just 9% of the families without a migrant background.

The United Nations Population Fund lists Germany as host to the third-highest number of international migrants worldwide.  As a consequence of restrictions to Germany's formerly rather unrestricted laws on asylum and immigration, the number of immigrants seeking or claiming German ethnicity (mostly from the former Soviet Union) has been declining steadily since 2000. In 2009, 20% of the population had immigrant roots highly in since 1945. 

As of 2008, the largest national group was from Turkey (2.5 million), followed by Italy (776,000) and Poland (687,000). About 3 million ethnic Germans, mainly from the former eastern bloc have resettled in Germany since 1987. mostly people with full or significant German ancestry are found in the United States and Canada. 

Most ethnic minorities (especially those of non-European origin) reside in large urban areas like Berlin, Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Rhine-Ruhr, etc. Numbers of non-Germans and immigrants is quite low in rural areas and towns which settle around rural especially in the former East German states of Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

Germany has one of the world's highest levels of education, technological practices and economic productivity. The number of students entering universities has more than 3rd ratio and the trade and technical schools are among the world's best. With a per capita income of about $36,850 Purchasing power parity (in 2009), Germany is a broadly middle class society. There has been a strong increase in the children living in poverty in Germany.

While in 1965 one in 75 children was on the welfare rolls in 2007 one in 6 was. Those children live in relative poverty, but not in absolute poverty. Germans also are very small, millions travel abroad each year. The social welfare programme system for health care, unemployment compensation, child benefits and other social programs. Due to Germany's aging population and economy, welfare came under a lot of strain in the 1990s. This led the government to adopt a wide-ranging program of belt-tightening reforms, Agenda 2010, including the labor market reforms known as Hartz I - IV.

ECONOMIC OVERVIEW OF GERMANY

Germany has a social market economy with a highly skilled labor force, a large capital stock, less corruption, and a high level of innovation.  It has the largest and most powerful nation in Europe, the fourth largest by nominal GDP & the 5th largest by PPP, and was the biggest net contributor to the EU budget in 2011. The service sector contributes approx.71% of the total GDP, industry 28%, and agriculture 1%. The official average national unemployment rate in May 2012 was 6.7%. However, the official average national unemployment rate also includes people with a part-time job that are looking for a full-time job and national unemployment rate in 2011 was 5.7%.

Germany is an advocate of closer European economic and political integration. Germany introduced the common European currency, the euro in 2002. Its monetary policy is set by the European Central Bank. Standards of living and per capita incomes remain significantly higher in the states of the former West Germany than in the former East. Modernization and integration of the eastern German economy is a long-term process scheduled to last until the year 2019, with yearly transfers from west to east amounting to roughly $80 billion. In January 2009 the German government approved a €50 billion economic stimulus plan to protect several sectors from a downturn and a subsequent rise in unemployment rates.

Germany is part of a monetary union, the Euro zone (dark blue), and of the EU single market of the world's 500 largest stock-market-listed companies measured by revenue in 2010. 30 Germany-based companies are included in the DAX, the German stock market index. Well-known global brands are Mercedes Benz BMW,SAP Siemens, Volkswagen, Adidas, Audi, Allianz, Porsche, Bayer,  Bosch and Nivea.

Germany is recognized for its specialized SME around 1,000 of these companies are global market leaders in their segment and are labeled hidden champions.

About 1.7 million people have left the new federal states since the fall of the Berlin Wall, or 12% of the population, a disproportionately high number of them was women under 35.

After 1990, the total fertility rate (TFR) in the East dropped to 0.772. In the following years, it started rising again, surpassing 1.0 and 1.3 reaching the West's TFR in 2007 (1.37). In 2010, the East's fertility rate (1.459) now clearly exceeds that of the West (1.385), while Germany's overall TFR has risen to 1.393, the highest value since 1990 [ - which is still far below the natural replacement rate of 2.1 .till 1989, about 2,000 schools have closed because of a scarcity of children.

In some regions the number of women between the ages of 20 and 30 has dropped by more than 30%. In 2004, in the age group 18-29 (statistically important for starting families) there were only 90 women for every 100 men in the new federal states including Berlin.

Overview of different economic sector of Germany

Germany has a social market economy characterized by a highly qualified labor force, a developed infrastructure, a large capital stock, a low level of corruption, and a high level of innovation. It has the largest national economy in Europe, the fourth largest by nominal GDP in the world, and ranked fifth by GDP (PPP) in 2009.

The service sector contributes around 70% of the total GDP, industry 29.1%, and agriculture 0.9%.

Primary

In 2010 agriculture, forestry, and mining accounted for only 0.9% of Germany’s gross domestic product (GDP) and employed only 2.4% of the population, down from 4% in 1991. Agriculture is extremely productive, and Germany is able to cover 90% of its nutritional needs with domestic production. Germany is the third largest agricultural producer in the European Union after France and Italy. Germany’s principal agricultural products are potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, and cabbages.

Despite the country’s high level of industrialization, almost one-third of its territory is covered by forest. The forestry industry provides for about two-thirds of domestic consumption of wood and wood products, so Germany is a net importer of these items.

Industry

The world's largest coherent chemistry plantBASF in Ludwigshafen.

Industry and construction accounted for 29% of gross domestic product in 2008, and employed 29.7% of the workforce. Germany excels in the production of automobiles, machinery, electrical equipment and chemicals. With the manufacture of 5.2 million vehicles in 2009, Germany was the world’s fourth largest producer and largest exporter of automobiles. German automotive companies enjoy an extremely strong position in the so-called premium segment, with a combined world market share of about 90%.

Small- to medium-sized manufacturing firm which specializes in technologically advanced niche products and are often family-owned and form a major part of the German economy. It is estimated that about 1500 German companies occupy a top three position in their respective market segment worldwide. In about two thirds of all industry sectors German companies belong to the top three competitors.

Services

In 2008 services constituted 69% of gross domestic product (GDP), and the sector employed 67.5% of the workforce. The subcomponents of services are financial, renting, and business activities (30.5%); trade, hotels and restaurants, and transport (18%); and other service activities (21.7%).

The largest annual international trade fairs and congresses are held in several German cities such as Hanover, Frankfurt, and Berlin.

Germany is the third most visited country in Europe, with a total of 369.6 million overnights during 2010.

Infrastructure

Energy

Germany is the world's fifth largest consumer of energy, and two-thirds of its primary energy was imported in 2002. In the same year, Germany was Europe's largest consumer of electricity, totaling 512.9 terawatt-hours. Government policy promotes energy conservation and the development of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, biomass, hydroelectric, and geothermal energy.

As a result of energy-saving measures, energy efficiency has been improving since the beginning of the 1970s. The government has set the goal of meeting half the country's energy demands from renewable sources by 2050.

The largest solar power and third-largest wind power capacity in the world is installed in Germany.

In 2000, the red-green coalition under Chancellor Schröder and the German nuclear power industry agreed to phase out all nuclear power plants by 2021. The conservative coalition under Chancellor Merkel reversed this decision in January 2010, electing to keep plants open. The crash of the Japanese nuclear plant Fukushima in March 2011 however, changed the political climate fundamentally: Older nuclear plants have been shut down. And a general phase out until 2020 or 2022 is now probable. Renewable energy yet still plays a more modest role in energy consumption, though German solar and wind power industries play a leading role worldwide.

In 2009, Germany consumed energy from the following sources: Oil 34.6%, Natural gas 21.7%, Lignite 11.4%, Bituminous coal 11.1%, Nuclear power 11.0%, Hydro and wind power 1.5%, others 9.0%.

There are 3 major entry points for oil pipelines: in the northeast (the Druzhba pipeline, coming from Gdańsk), west (coming from Rotterdam) and southeast (coming from Nelahozeves). The oil pipelines of Germany do not constitute a proper network, and sometimes only connect two different locations.

Major oil refineries are located in or near the following cities: Schwedt, Spergau,Vohburg, Burghausen, Karlsruhe, Cologne, Gelsenkirchen, Lingen, Wilhelmshaven, Hamburg and Heide.

Germany's network of natural gas pipelines, on the other hand, is dense and well-connected. Imported pipeline gas comes mostly from Russia, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Although gas imports from Russia have been historically reliable, even during the cold war, recent price disputes between Gazprom and the former Soviet states, such as Ukraine, have also affected Germany. As a result, high political importance is placed on the construction of the Nord Stream pipeline, running from Vyborg in Russia along the Baltic sea to Greifswald in Germany. This direct connection avoids third-party transit countries.

Transport

The ICE 3 train set

With its central position in Europe, Germany is an important transportation hub. This is reflected in its dense and modern transportation networks. The extensive motorway (Autobahn) network that ranks worldwide third largest in its total length and features a lack of blanket speed limits on the majority of routes.

Germany has established a polycentric network of high-speed trains. The Inter City Express or ICE is the most advanced service category of the Deutsche Bahn and serves major German cities as well as destinations in neighboring countries. The train maximum speed varies between 200 km/h and 320 km/h (125-200 mph). Connections are offered at either 30-minute, hourly, or two-hourly intervals.

The largest German airports are the Frankfurt International Airport and the Munich International Airport, both are global hubs of Lufthansa. Other major airports are Berlin Tegel, Berlin Schönefeld, Düsseldorf, Hamburg, Cologne-Bonn, Leipzig/Halle and in the future Berlin Brandenburg International Airport.

Technology

Liquid crystal visualized by a polarizing microscope. Germany is a pioneer research center for nanotechnology and material engineering.

Germany's achievements in sciences have been significant, and research and development efforts form an integral part of the economy.

Germany is also one of the leading countries in developing and using green technologies. Companies specializing in green technology have an estimated turnover of 200€ billion. Especially the expertise in engineering, science and research of Germany is eminently respectable.

The lead markets of Germany's green technology industry are power generation, sustainable mobility, material efficiency, energy efficiency, waste management and recycling, sustainable water management.

With regard to triadic patents Germany is in third place after the USA and Japan. With more than 26,500 registrations for patents submitted to the European Patent Office, Germany is the leading European nation. Siemens, Bosch and BASF, with almost 5,000 registrations for patents between them in 2008, are among the Top 5 of more than 35,000 companies registering patents.

Together with the USA and Japan, with regard to patents for nano, bio and new technologies Germany is one of the world’s most active nations. With around one third of triadic patents Germany leads the way worldwide in the field of vehicle emission reduction

Economic Relations between India and Germany

Indo- German Chamber of Commerce (IGCC) has eventually expanded into the largest foreign chamber of commerce and trade in India and has also become the largest German bi-national Chamber globally. In 2006 the IGGC celebrated its 50th year of trade and commerce relations. India also partnered with the Germans in the 2006 Hannover Fair, which is recognized as the world’s largest technology fair. The IGGC have set up a goal to achieve trade up to 20 billion Euros by 2012.

India’s overall Exports to Germany

The bilateral trade relations between India and Germany have remarkably increased over the years and both Indian and German firms have had their share of investment. Post recession period Indian exports to Germany have seen an incredible growth in 2010, recording a total increase of 21.5%. The figures of total exports have touched to Euro 6.2 billion.

Overview Indian Exports to Germany

 

Trade relations between the two nations have increased to a remarkable extent and have recorded a positive growth over the last couple of years. Figures as of 2009, show that India is on 28th position on the list of sourcing countries of Germany and is ranked 27th among the main destinations for German exports. Post to the global recession, there has been an increase in the exports from India to Germany with the figures touching to 21.5% and the total exports amounting to Euro 6.2 billion.

German Exports to India: overview

The Indo-German trade volume has increased by 180% from 2,7 Billion EUR in 1990 to 7,6 Billion EUR in 2005, with the German Exports to India have been recorded to have increased by almost 135%. The total volume of the Indo-German trade increased by 22% in 2005 with the amount of German Exports to India increasing by 28% to record 4,2 Billion EUR. In the year 2006, the Indo-German trade increased by 39% with the German Exports to India increasing by 52% to record 6,3 Billion EUR. 

Factors facilitating German Exports to India-The German Exports to India is facilitated due to the liberalization policies of India along with her democratic form of government, a well defined political system and legal framework, efficient entrepreneurs, talented engineers and world class scientists, all of these ensuring lasting business opportunities for the foreign countries. German Exports to India has been encouraged with India sourcing less raw materials, semi-finished goods, and primary products and on the other hand it had been imported finished goods from Germany. 

Indian exports to Germany which have reached a record level of 4,2 billion EUR in 2006 exceeding all expectations with the target of the total bilateral trade volume being set as 10 billion EUR for 2009.The Indian Agro Exports to Germany would receive an impetus with the improvement in the quality of packaging along with timely delivery and steady maintenance of minimum and rising quality standards. The nature of the Indian Agro Exports to Germany has changed over the years with the development of E-commerce and globalization.

Present trade relation between Germany and India, Gujarat

German chemical major BASF making it will invest Rs 1,000 crore to set up a new manufacturing facility at Dahej in Gujarat by March 2014.

BASF invests Rs 1,000 crore to set up a Greenfield specialty chemicals facility in Dahej. This will supplement our existing plant and also cater to expanding our business," BASF India said at the Indo-German Urban Mela here.

The company has started the construction in April this year and the plant will be operational by March 2014.

The upcoming facility will help in expanding our business in various sectors such as automotive, paints, paper, home care and lifestyle. It will also supplement our Mangalore facility.

A German Indian business centre (GIBC) has been proposed in the state to facilitate business opportunities between Germany and Gujarat for setting up of offices, technology transfers and joint ventures.

The centre will facilitate investment between companies in Germany and Gujarat. Among other activities, GIBC will facilitate acquisition of German companies for Gujarat companies along with taking care of due diligence. The centre will also scout for and register technology partners in both countries.

"Germany is the largest trading partner of India in the European Union (EU). Despite the financial challenges in EU, trade is increasing between the two. The proposed GIBC in Gujarat will act as a bridge between Gujarat and Germany, "an international trade consulting firm based in Ahmedabad.

Indo-German relations dating back to 16th century never followed a smooth path. There have been ups and downs of its own kinds but what is remarkable is that even after bearing the brunt of global as well as domestic politics, economics of both the countries now the relationship is heading towards maturity and complimentarily with immense potential to emerge as major players at global level in future and recently picked up the momentum since 2000 when agenda of ‘Indo-German partnership in 21st century’ was adopted.

PESTEL ANALYSIS

PESTLE analysis of Germany identifies issues that affect the country’s performance through the prism of current strengths (strengths), current challenges (weaknesses), future prospects (opportunities) and future risks (threats). The political landscape discusses the evolution of the political scenario in Germany in different periods.

The economic, social, foreign and defence policies are considered in the political landscape section. It also discusses the performance of the country as per World Bank Governance Indicators. The economic landscape describes the evolution of the economy of Germany in different periods.

It also examines the country’s performance in terms of GDP growth, composition by sector (agriculture, industry and services), fiscal situation, international investment position, monetary situation, credit disbursement, banking sector and employment. The economic landscape also explains the financial system in the country, especially with regard to financial authorities/regulators. The social landscape covers the demographics, education and healthcare scenario in Germany.

The social welfare policies of the government along with the country’s performance in terms of healthcare, income distribution and education are also provided. The technological landscape discusses the structure and policies in terms of Intellectual property, research & development, technology agreements/pacts; and policies related to the promotion of technology in Germany. The legal landscape examines the structure of the judicial system, legislation affecting businesses, tax regulations, labor laws, trade regulations and corporate governance in Germany. The environmental landscape in Germany discusses the environmental regulations and policies of the country. The performance of the country in terms of in terms of environmental indicators and impact of environmental policies is also examined.

Germany was in a far better position than expected in 2010 as it belied the gloomy scenario predicted at the beginning of 2009. In 2010, it was Europe’s largest economy in terms of gross domestic product (GDP). Although its economy shrank by 4.7% in 2009, it bounced back to register a growth of 3.4% in 2010, mainly due to increasing exports and domestic demand. However, inflation has been on the rise after it fell to 0.2% in 2009. It grew to 1.1% in 2010 and in January and February 2011, the higher cost of food and energy accelerated inflation to 2.0% and 2.2%, respectively. This was the fastest growth in more than two years, according to the German Federal Statistical Office.

Part-2 4th semester

Executives summery

This report project which is based on the Education sector in Germany and India

We prepared project on it’s and find data related education sector relationship between India and Germany.

We also select such kind of degree and subject which through in future India and Gujarat if want to do an education exchange program with related university on which report prepared.

We find process, system and structure, comparison of education/literacy and budget of both countries which data involved in this project report.

Introduction of the Education Sector and its role in the economy of Germany & India

Education in every sense is one of the fundamental factors of development. No country can achieve sustainable economic development without substantial investment in human capital. Education enriches people’s understanding of themselves and world. It improves the quality of their lives and leads to broad social benefits to individuals and society. Education raises people’s productivity and creativity and promotes entrepreneurship and technological advances. In addition it plays a very crucial role in securing economic and social progress and improving income distribution.

Economy in Germany is the biggest economy in Europe and the third largest in the world, after the United States and Japan. The export sector is the major revenue generator of Germany. Germany’s revenue exporter with $1.133 trillion exported, from the beginning of 2006.

The great majority of German universities have traditionally been maintained by the state which is to say by the federal state in which the educational institute is located – and this continues to be the case today. Operation of research is largely organized on a competitive basis, the German Research Foundation (DFG) – the self-governing body for universities – playing the key role in this context. It receives better funding of more than a billion Euros a year from the German government. 

Germany Education

Education is the responsibility of the states and part of their constitutional sovereignty. Teachers are employed by the Ministry of Education for the state and usually have a job for life after a certain period. A parents' council is elected to voice the parents' views of the school's administration.

Higher Education

Germany has a long tradition of higher education since 1948; As of 1991, there were 315 state-run or state-recognized institutions of higher, post secondary education. They included various types of universities (regular universities; technical high schools and technical universities; combined universities and high schools; high schools with singular university courses of study, including theology, philosophy, medicine, and athletics; and teaching high schools), as well as academies of art and music, and technical and administrative high schools. Admission to these schools is open to any student possessing the requisite certificate. In some academic disciplines, admission is regulated centrally by the Central Office for the Distribution of Places of Study. In addition, higher education in Germany includes some special institutions with closed admissions institutions of higher education run by the military and by the German postal service.

Indian Education

The origin of the Indian Education Department dates back to pre-Independence days when for the first time a separate Department was created in 1910 to look after education. However, soon after India achieved its Independence on 15th August. 1947, a full fledged Ministry of Education was established on 29th August 1947. The nomenclature and responsibilities of the Education Department has undergone changes from time to time since Independence, and the country has witnessed phenomenal educational development – both in quantitative and qualitative terms, since independence.

The National Policy of Education (NPE) 1986 provides for a comprehensive policy framework for the development of education up to the end of the century and a Plan of Action (POA) 1992, assigning specific responsibilities for organizing, implementing and financing its proposals.

India's commitment to the spread of knowledge and freedom of thought among its citizens is reflected in its Constitution. The Central Government is responsible for major policy relating to higher education in the country. It provides grants to the University Grants Commission (UGC) and establishes central universities in the country. The Central Government is also responsible for declaration of Educational Institutions as 'Deemed to be University' on the recommendation of the UGC. Presently there are sixteen Central Universities in the country. In pursuance of the Mizoram Accord, another Central University in the State of Mizoram is planned. There are 37 Institutions which have been declared as Deemed to be Universities by the Government of India as per Section of the UGC Act, 1956.

India has made progress in terms of increasing primary education attendance rate and expanding literacy to approximately three-fourths of the population. India's improved education scenario is often cited as one of the main contributors to the economic rise of India. Education market in India is merely 5% although in terms of value was estimated to be worth $40 billion in 2008 and had increased to $68–70 billion by 2012.

According to this criterion, the 2011 survey holds the National Literacy Rate to be around 74.07%. Government statistics of 2001 also hold that the rate of increase in literacy is more in rural areas than in urban areas.

Female literacy was at a national average of 65% whereas the male literacy was 82%. Within the Indian states, Kerala has shown the highest literacy rates of 93% whereas Bihar averaged 63.8% literacy. The 2001 statistics also indicated that the total number of 'absolute non-literates' in the country was 304 million.

Gujarat education

Gujarat University, Sardar Patel University, Ahmadabad University, Saurashtra University, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Nirma University and Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University are also amongst reputed universities, affiliating many reputed colleges.

Gujarat is also known for many national level institutions. The Space Applications Centre (SAC) is an institution for space research and satellite communication in Ahmadabad, India, under the aegis of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). Indian Institute of Management Ahmadabad, one of the internationally stand in management research institute that is located in Gujarat's commercial capital Ahmadabad and is the top ranked management institutes in the country.

Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute has been established under Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Government of India at Bhavnagar.

Institute of Management under Nirma University is constantly ranked among the top MBA colleges in India. B.K. School of Business Management is financial Management. K. S. School of Business Management is also an MBA College in Gujarat University providing a unique five year's integrated MBA Course.

The National Institute of Design (NID) in Gandhinagar is internationally acclaimed as one of the foremost multi-disciplinary institutions in the field of design education and research.

Centre for Environmental Planning & Technology University, popularly known as (CEPT) is one of the best planning and architectural school not in India, but across the world providing different technical and professional courses.

Institute of Rural Management Anand (IRMA) is one of the leading sectoral institutions in rural management. IRMA is a unique institution it provides professional education to train managers for rural management.

Mudra Institute of Communication Ahmedabad (MICA) is one of the most famous institutes for mass communication and is well-renowned across India.

IIT Indian institute of technology was established at Gandhinagar in the year 2008.

The Institute of Seismological Research (ISR) has been established by the Science and Technology Department, in 2003 and is registered as a Society. The ISR is the only institute in India fully dedicated to seismological research and is planned to be developed into a premier International institute in few years time.

The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) is represented in the region through its branch office in New Delhi since 1960. The DAAD promotes the Indo-German cooperation in the field of higher education and research through different means, e.g. the deployment of German teachers to India and granting short- and long term scholarships mainly for post-graduates, thus supporting the networking between Indian and German institutions.

The networking of former scholarship holders is encouraged. The DAAD’s work focuses on the presentation of Germany as a place of choice for higher education and research activities.

The DAAD is also representing German research institutions like the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in India and supports German students and researchers during their stay in India. Presently, 5 German lecturers from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) are teaching in the German Departments of Indian universities. Part of their work is to counsel Indian students on studying and research opportunities in Germany.

There are German Schools in New Delhi and Mumbai with about 100 students and 6 teachers from Germany. Apart from the programs sponsored by the two governments, a lively exchange takes place between Germany and India in various areas of cultural activities. The German Immigration law that came into force January 1, 200, allows foreign students to remain in Germany until one year after having completed their degree courses.

Moreover, German universities do not charge any fees and offer degree courses in English language. German institutions are focusing on joint degree programs, academic exchanges and joint research projects.

Education sector of both the countries and their contribution in economy

Germany:

Imagine a country whose inhabitants work fewer hours than almost any others, whose workforce is not particularly productive and whose children spend less time at school than most of its neighbors.

Hardly a recipe for economic success, you might think. But the country described above is none other than Germany, Europe's industrial powerhouse and the world's second largest exporter; a country whose economy has single-handedly stopped the euro zone falling back into recession and the only nation rich enough to save the euro.

When you consider that only the Dutch work fewer hours among the 34 members of the OECD, that German children spend 25% less time in the classroom than their Italian counterparts, and that there are six more productive economies in Europe alone, these facts appear all the more remarkable.

More important still to Germany's industrial strength is the country's education system. School finishes at lunchtime across much of Germany due to what calls a "societal preference", designed to allow children to spend more time with their families. But it's in the later years of schooling that the German model really stands apart. "Half of all youngsters in upper secondary school are in vocational training, and half of these are in apprenticeships.

Apprentices aged 15 to 16 spend more time in the workplace receiving on-the-job training than they do in school and after three to four years are almost guaranteed a full-time job. And in Germany, there is fewer stigmas attached to vocational training and technical colleges than in many countries.

In some countries, company management comes from those who attended business school, but in Germany, if you're ambitious and talented, students can make it to the top of even the very biggest companies." The German education system, therefore, provides a conveyor belt of highly skilled workers to meet the specific needs of the country's long-established and powerful manufacturing base, which is rooted in the stable, small-scale family businesses that have long provided the backbone of the economy

India:

Education is an abstract entity and its concept is dynamic. It is a continuous process. Education deals with ever growing man in ever growing society. The

Word "Education" originated from the Latin word which means "to bring up" or "to nourish". Education means drawing out the hidden potentialities and

Qualities of the students.

Education–A way towards Growth and Development—In the past century, we progressed from a stage where the application of science to manufacturing techniques or to agricultural practices became the basis for production; it was the industrial society, where mass production depended on a relatively small cadre of highly skilled labor commanding a much larger group of semi skilled labor, was vertically integrated.

During last quarter of 20thcentury, three technologies emerged, which have changed production, transportation and life style of the people profoundly. These are information, communication and biotechnologies.

The convergence of increased computing power, reduced communication costs among people, institutions and countries, which has significantly increased the speed of production and distribution. It is also seen that knowledge produced by Research and Development, (R & D) inventions created in universities and industrial laboratories are creating the so called knowledge industries.

These include not only high and medium technologies based on new materials-micro electronics, computer aided design and manufacturing, bio-technology, advanced process control system etc, but also communication services, finance, insurance and other business services and methods.

The late 20th century saw the growth of a knowledge centered, as opposed to a manufacturing centered economy. Consequently, knowledge and people with Knowledge is now the key factors of production, main drivers of growth and major determinants of competitiveness in global knowledge economy.

Lifelong learning and continuing education is likewise expected to expand, relevance, and efficiency shall be the major drivers of India higher education in order to gear up the path towards knowledge economy. We will have to put in

Positive and constructive efforts as stakeholders of higher education to build the, knowledge economy for the prosperity of our region, nation and world as

Whole.

Structure Activities of education Sector of both the countries

In Europe, Germany is the most popular destination for international students due to International Degree Programmers (IDP) taught in English medium, tuition fee waivers and career opportunities after graduation. Germany tops the list of the most internationalized countries in the higher education erena.  It has a lot to offer with more than 350 state and private universities, and a variety of courses. About 250,000 foreign students currently study in Germany, of which about 4,200 are Indians

Scholarships

There are numerous ways to obtain a scholarship for studying in Germany. The biggest scholarship programmed is run by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD).Browse through our scholarship announcements to keep up-to-date on the latest calls from various universities and institutions offering scholarships in Germany.

Scholarship Announcements

Scholarship Database at DAAD

Vocational Education & Training (VET)

Vocational education and training is fast emerging as an important area of focus as Germany and India enhance their strategic bilateral partnership. One of India’s biggest challenges as well as advantages is its growing young population. The average Indian will be only 29 years old in 2020. India targets creation of 500 million skilled workers in 2022 and Germany is one of its strong partners for this.

German Universities an Overview

Currently, a good two million students are studying and conducting research at some 350 public and private universities in Germany. Nearly ten percent of them are known in German – students who did not do their schooling in Germany. In the European Higher Education Area, with its staggered courses for bachelor’s, masters and doctoral degrees, the range of teaching and research programmers on offer is becoming more international all the time.

In addition, legally prescribed or independent associations of university students are actively involved in the self-governance of their alma mater – with high levels of motivation and in some cases with very lively dedication.

In exercise of powers vested in the department as head of the department, sanction to incur contingent expenditure in the limit are given to the officers by the orders devolving powers to on officer, order are issued to get his sanction. 

Education activities in Gujarat

Education Outlook for Gujarat

Though school enrollment is up to 95% in rural Gujarat, learning levels remain shockingly low. 55% of rural students in Standard 5 cannot read a Std. 2 level text, and 65% of these students cannot do simple subtraction.

In many cities in Gujarat (as across India), children of migrant laborers suffer not only from poor school quality but also from the disruption of constant

movement, and therefore limited school attendance.

Pratham in Gujarat this Year

Geographical Coverage: 1049 villages in 10 blocks (similar to a county)

Children Reached:14,938

Volunteers Mobilized: 1351

Gujarat’s Block Excellence Programmes (BEPs) cover 10 blocks across the state, in addition to a District Resource Centre (DRC) programme in Surendranagar. These classes emphasize basic literacy and numeracy, with close monitoring for learning outcomes and improvement, to ensure that weak students receive the support they need to achieve in school. In recent months, the program in Surendranagar has focused on an informal partnership with the government’s Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), training preschool teachers to provide engaging, activity-based opportunities for early childhood learning.

Pratham’s efforts extend beyond the classroom, reaching parents, volunteers, officials through meetings and melas to encourage communities to focus outcomes. Gujarat has piloted the 1 Rupee Testing Programs, in which their children are tested in reading and math. This helps parents to see needs, and often leads them to enroll their children in Read India classes’ activity volunteers, and local on learning parents watch as their children’s classes.

The Education for Education (EFE) program is currently being rolled out across 6 districts of Gujarat’s Read India program, so that volunteers will be able to engage in regular computer classes in exchange for teaching Read India classes in their villages.

Urban Programs

Coverage: 286 Centers in the neediest areas of 3 cities

Children Reached: 9162 Children

Pratham provides the neediest children of the slums of Ahmedabad, Baroda, and Surat with critical support, through both fee-based and sponsored learning centers. Urban programs in Gujarat have been particularly successful at targeting female students, who are often under-served by government schools and whose education might be overlooked by parents without Pratham’s encouragement and outreach.

Government Partnership in Gujarat

 After a highly-successful remedial learning program run by Pratham in cooperation with the state government, Pratham has signed an MOU with the Gujarat education department, the SSA, to develop Pragnya, a state-wide activity-based learning program, which includes curriculum design, training of teachers and government officials, teaching learning materials, and constant support and monitoring at the ground level. The program has been piloted in 258 schools, and will be scaled up to 2500 schools across the state in June 2011

Education activities in India

AKDN's education activities encompass the activities of the Aga Khan Academies, Aga Khan Education Services and the Aga Khan Foundation (AKF).The first Aga Khan School was founded in Mundra (Gujarat) in 1905. Since then, the number of schools and other education institutions run by AKDN agencies has risen to over 80. The Aga Khan Academies (AKA), Aga Khan Education Services (AKES) and the Aga Khan Foundation (AKF) are the principal AKDN agencies working in education in India. AKF has been principally involved in raising education quality by supporting a number of innovative Programmes. Other priorities have included assuring access to quality education, the adaptability of curricula to local circumstances and the anticipation of future needs. The Aga Khan Academy in Hyderabad, Andra Pradesh, is currently being built.

The conviction that home-grown intellectual leadership of exceptional caliber is the best driver of society’s future development, and that many developing country education systems are too engulfed by poverty and numbers to develop their talented young people, led His Highness the Aga Khan to found a network of catalytic centers of educational excellence in Asia and Africa, known as the Aga Khan Academies.

"It is clear that over the next decades, a large number of countries will be designing new constitutions, or refining existing ones, and new regional groupings will come into place. Many young democracies will spawn new political structures.

His Highness the Aga Khan, speaking at the Nobel Institute, Oslo, Norway, 7 April 2005 The aim of the Academies is to educate boys and girls of great integrity, understanding and generosity of spirit so that they will become the men and women who build and lead the institutions of government, the private sector and civil society. Selection is based on merit, regardless of a family’s ability to pay.

The Academies’ education is built on the framework of the International Baccalaureate (IB) programme. The IB is highly respected for its emphasis on critical thinking, active learning and creative problem solving. Within this framework, the Academies offer a broad, multidisciplinary education with an emphasis on the humanities.

Subjects include, but are not limited to, history; literature; the general sciences comprising physics, biology and chemistry; philosophy and ethics; the mastery of a foreign language and the study of foreign cultures; comparative religion; the history, theory and criticism of the arts; and the social sciences, including comparative government and global economics. All students are required to perform community service as part of the programme.

Each Academy features a residential campus, where learning and growth are stimulated by the constant interaction among peers of great talent, character, and leadership. Sports and other extra-curricular activities help foster leadership, team spirit, self-esteem and self-discipline.

Comparative Position of Education Sector with Germany and India (Gujarat)

India’s expenditure on education:

Germany expenditure on education 2012:

Budget comparison of education decided by Germany, India & Gujarat

Germany

The budget of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in 2013 will be increased considerably compared to the previous year. With a total of Euros 13.75 billion going towards education and research, the 2013 BMBF budget has increased by 6.3% - that's 811 million Euros in additional funding.

A special focus of BMBF funding measures is on the area of students and higher education. With the Teaching Quality Pact, a further 200 million Euros will be invested in improving study conditions and the quality of higher education in 2013.

For the creation of additional study opportunities as part of the Higher Education Pact's first pillar around 1.85 billion Euros will be made available in the coming year - 664 million Euros more than previously envisaged.

Further priorities in education include supporting disadvantaged children and young people as well as modernizing and strengthening vocational education.  For these tasks alone, the 2013 budget provides 204 million Euros - around 10.2 per cent more than envisaged last year. Growth in the area of lifelong learning is even clearer: around 169 million Euros in 2013 means and increase of over a quarter (26.5%).

With the Excellence Initiative, which is currently starting its third funding round, and with the second pillar of the Higher Education Pact, around 700 million Euros will go towards strengthening research at institutes of higher education in 2013. The Federal Government is also a reliable partner in the area of institutional research funding: as part of the Pact for Research and Innovation, institutionally allocated funds will increase by 5 per cent annually.

India

Right to Education (RTE)-Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) received Rs 25, 555 crore allocation, showing an increase of 21.7%; while a 29% increase for Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan making it Rs 3,124 crore.

An allocation of Rs 15, 850 crore was made for Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme, an increase of 58% and Rs 11, 937 crore for National Programmed of Mid-Day Meals in schools for the year 2012-13. Also, an allocation of Rs 750 crore was proposed for Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls, SABLA.

Meanwhile, as a welcome move, the Budget has allocated Rs 1000 crore for National Skill Development Fund.

the academic sector XLRI School of Business & Human Resources, Jamshedpur it is a good move to increase the allocation to RTE - SSA by 21.7 % to Rs.25, 555 crore and by 29 % for Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan to Rs 3,124 crore.

Gujarat

Rs2,771 crore were allocated for setting up new institutes, schools and classrooms, hostels, training teachers and improving infrastructure in education institute in the state.

the state budget for 2012-13 around Rs2,771 crore were allocated for setting up new institutes, schools and classrooms, hostels, training teachers and improving infrastructure in education institute in the state.

The announcement in the budget for the education sector includes Rs67 crore for an autonomous university for infrastructure, engineering and management at Ahmadabad to prepare necessary manpower for the modern economy, it is stated.

Apart from this, 15 new colleges in the Arts, Commerce and Science streams, are planned to expand the access to higher education. Also provision of Rs 4.50 crore is made to provide vocational training to laborers in the unorganized sector and also provision for their children's education is made. 

The education department has made provision of Rs2, 700 crore for different projects.

The provisions also include Rs32 crore for providing educational material to 32,000 primary schools, to undertake for computerization in primary education at a cost of Rs78 crore, Rs82 crore for construction of 350 new secondary schools, 73 new model schools and buildings of girls' hostels.

The education department has also made provision of Rs19.85 crore for construction of six new government schools and modernization of 60 government schools.

Present Position and Trend of Education with India / Gujarat during last 3 to 5 years

Each year more than 230,000 international students (12 % of all the students at German universities) come to Germany for study and research. Germany offers excellent international study programmed’ and excellent research opportunities. Studying in Germany means being part of a global academic community.

Bilateral Cooperation in Education

Enlarge image Students of Gottingen University in the state library In 2009, the German Foreign Office made education and academic cooperation one of the priority area of its foreign policy. 

Four main agencies are running in this framework of educational cooperation:

The Central Agency for Schools foreign promotes a network of more than 500 schools

German schools foreign and national schools having the German Language Certificate – offering qualifications recognized in Germany.

The German House for Research and Innovation (DWIH) will serve as a window to German science and research for interested students, researchers. It has been set up with an aim of intensifying international cooperation.

The Goethe-Institute, called Max Mueller Bhavan in India the schools it supports to introduce or develop German as a subject. It offers teachers extra training on instruction methods and language courses and equips schools with modern teaching materials and multimedia instruction.

The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) has a scholarship programmed for graduates of German schools abroad and partner schools developed in 1956 and have several support centers at major Indian universities.

The Educational Exchange Service (PAD) promotes school exchanges and partnerships within the context of the initiative. The international programmed for foreign students gives learners of German the opportunity to get to know Germany first hand during a four-week trip to the country.

In India, German as a foreign language has become increasingly popular as a subject in schools. Many groups from schools all over India have visited Germany on exchange programmed, and vice versa. This exchange of students has been of facilitate as interest and benefit in increasing language skills & widening their horizons.

There are many other universities which also internationally collaboration with foreign universities.

India level

MDI was the first Indian business school and second in Asia to be accredited by London, UK. MDI is also accredited by the South Asian Quality Assurance System (SAQS).

MDI collaborate with following university in Germany

Bergische University Wuppertal,Wuppertal

European Business School - Oestrich- Winkel

Frankfurt School of Finance & Mgt., Frankfurt

HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Mgt., Leipzig

Munich Business School, Munich, Germany 

The NLSIU (NATIONAL LAW SCHOOL OF INDIA UNIVERSITY) has the Student Exchange Programmed with the following Universities:

1. BUCERIUS LAW SCHOOL, Germany

2. FREIBURG UNIVERSITY OF LAW SCHOOL, GERMANY

3. UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE, GERMANY

In Gujarat collaboration within foreign university

COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT BETWEEN

FACHHOCHSCHULE BIELEFELD, GERMANY

University of Applied Sciences, Bielefeld

AND Called as UAS Bielefeld

PARUL Arogya Seva Mandal, Waghodia (Vadodara), India

And it's Institutions

Called as Parul, Vadodara

Experience 'Global' feeling

Each year more than 230,000 international students (12 % of all the students at German universities) come to Germany for study and research. Germany offers wonderful international study programmed and excellent research opportunities. In addition, studying in Germany means being part of a global, highly elite academic community.

High Academic Standards

Being one of the pioneers in the field of education with its historical and modern schools, Germany offers First rate education. The renowned tradition of German universities dates back to the 14th century and ensures an outstanding level of education and research. Germany is hailed to be the best to produce machine tools, motor vehicles and electrical engineering products, which are leading in the international market.

Institute & Industry Interface

Germany has the most practical educational system with excellent industry-institute interaction. Close ties with companies like SAP, Siemens, DPWN, Daimler-Chrysler, BMW or Bosch will increase your career prospects. Many institutions of higher education offer students the opportunity to do internships or carry out research in industry.

International Degree Programmed (IDP) –

Studying in Germany no longer means studying in German medium alone - over 300 International Degree Programmed offer courses which are entirely or partly taught in English. These courses are offered in various disciplines, especially in engineering, natural sciences, computer sciences and economics and lead to internationally recognized Bachelor or Master degrees or even to a PhD.

Economic Vibrancy-

Germany is one of the world's largest economic players - and India's most important EU business partner, especially for machinery, automobiles, chemical and electrical products as well as IT. The economic co-operation between the two countries is increasing and emphasizes the economic power of Germany in Asia.

Cost Effective Education

Universities are state-funded, therefore, generally no tuition fees are charged. You only have to bear your living expenses, such as accommodation, food, transport and health insurance. Special student discounts for various services help to make studying in Germany less expensive than you would have expected. 

In the heart of Europe - Germany lies in the heart of Europe - an excellent starting point to discover other famous European destinations. You are in London, Paris or Rome in no time.

Compare education policy of Germany and India

Development of education exchange

Germany has extensively supported education and cultural development in India. Germany helped establish the Indian Institute of Technology Madras after both governments signed an agreement in 1956 and increased its cooperation and supply of technology and resources over the decades to help expand the institution.

In 2008, both nations established the Indo-German Science and Technology Centre in New Delhi to promote joint research and development in energy, environment, coal and water technologies. Germany is India's largest European trading partner and the 5th largest trade partner. Current trade volume stands at € 10.5 billion in 2006, € 12.7 billion in 2007-08 and both nations see it increasing to € 30 billion by 2010.India and Germany enjoy strong commerce and cooperation in telecommunications, engineering, environmental technology, food processing, chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

Germany good for Indian students

Germany is the new America, at least for Indian students pursuing a Master's degree abroad. In the United States and many other developed countries, tuition rates are skyrocketing and Visa requirements are being tightened, yet it is still possible to earn a Masters in Germany free while making the best of the nation's focus on recruiting Indian students.

Federal foreign office counselor in Germany, the nation has invested millions of Euros into making itself a more attractive destination for Indian scholars. "The core group that we are particularly reaching out to is the English-speaking and academic community between 20 and 40," said Buntjen in an interview with The Economic Times. "This is a socially dynamic and career oriented younger segment of Indians, who we hope to attract to Germany for higher studies.

For Indians interested in studying in Germany, education consultants can provide valuable information and guidance. "It is always beneficial to have an experienced helping hand guiding you along major life transitions, such as settling into a new country,"

As policy structure by both the country

Foreign and domestic policy can be conceptualized and transmitted separately, but together they tell a better story. In higher education, you would be hard-pressed to find a government that disputed the need to ‘go global’ – but what happens at domestic level directly affects how this unfolds. Germany and India constitute interesting and contrasting cases.

This goes beyond international recruitment to include support for international partnerships, joint PhDs, bilateral exchanges of young scholars, and the establishment of ‘Indo-German centers of excellence’.

This all bilateral between India and Germany bring spirit and letter to the outcomes of other such meetings (set up mechanisms for faculty development, need for vocational education and skills development, mutual recognition of degrees would be useful)

This MOU also produced a plan for a ‘consortia approach’ to collaboration – a ‘meta-university’ in which two or three Indian universities partner with two or three German universities for degree-level courses.

This international meta-university appears to be a distinct concept from the Indian one recently advocated by Sam Pitroda of India’s National Innovation Council.

Education exchange programme opportunities in future for India (Gujarat) with Germany

Aspiring for MBA in International Business Consultancy

The MBA in International Business Consulting at the University of Applied Sciences Offenburg is the program for them who want MBA in HR, logistics, IT or in management. This program will more than exceed student’s expectations. Program accepts professionals with at least 1 year of experience and who have graduated from any disciples.

The MBA "International Business Consulting" (IBC) is a new, hands-on, international full-time program preparing in only 15 months for a leading position in in-house Consulting as well as in external Consulting, Controlling, Project Management.

The characteristics of program are:

Small groups (15-20 students) to guarantee an individualized attention 

Personal counseling to meet a career aspirations 

Highly environment to facilitate maximum sharing of knowledge and experience

Highly relevant within continuous loop of quality management

University of Applied Sciences Offenburg has been founded in 1964 and has established itself within decades to be an impressive and high performance educational institution. The student networking work almost 2500 students

Graduate colleges, the body responsible for postgraduate studies at University of Applied Sciences Offenburg, coordinates the MBA in International Business Consulting program.

The University of Applied Sciences Offenburg was one of the first institutions of higher education in Germany to introduce on 1998 international degree programs. 

They offer a wide range of postgraduate degree courses to international as well as German students.

Most of the courses have received institutional support by the DAAD and/or the Ministry of Education. There MBA program International Business Consulting was ranked for the first time in the field of "Emerging Regional Business Schools": 

University of Applied Sciences has to offer to its student’s environment induction

University of Applied Sciences Offenburg to feel warm welcome to new fresher, it means an adjustment and integration into the local culture better. The team and staff provide the students support and organize events and activities to encourage just that.

University realizes that students aiming for higher education are taking the step to do so while they would like to achieve more from their professional career. University provide career advice opportunities to help you identify your talents and help your achieve students aspirations. 

There are balance between theoretical input and further development of topics in small groups on the one hand, as well as implementation of the knowledge in assignments, case studies and group discussion on the other hand.

The past experience shows that no university or business school is able to cover the various topics related to consulting in a professional way just using its own professors that is why this university apply the open faculty concept, in addition to their internal professors, they employ professors from other German and foreign universities as well as managers from consultancies. This is concept of the IBC Program integrates various contents and management tools forming a homogeneous total, exciting and carefully reflected contents and a high degree of application orientation.

The Offenburg University of Applied Sciences is a small but successful institution for higher education. It received the award of "Reform oriented University" where international Master programs offered have been accredited.

The IBC Program by exploring their website & should opt for studying your MBA at Offenburg University of Applied Sciences.

Mission Statement

The University of Applied Sciences Offenburg is well-known as one of the most innovative universities in Germany. In 1999 the MBA program International Business Consulting was offered for the first time – back then it was a pioneer program in Germany. 

This development guarantees an outstanding quality and a high level of customer orientation. For us, additionally it is an incentive to carry out a continuous improvement, so our graduates obtain the necessary knowledge and competence they need t