Asian And Western Leadership Models

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Introduction:

Here we are going to look upon both the Asian and Western leadership models. Also we are going to discuss about the diversifying factor of Asian leadership model when compared to the western one and what’s the reason behind this scenario .Is there any particular factor that leads to vast diversification?, we can take a look on it.

Before stretching on to it we have to describe what leadership is all about, Leadership is the quality of an individual which has the uniqueness of influencing others, which is relevant to "Leadership is usually a practice by which anyone has a bearing on a group of persons to attain a standard goal" states that (Northouse, 2007, p3).

Factors of leadership:

There are 4 factors that leadership normally depends upon

Leader

Followers

Communication

Situation

Leader:

A leader is the one who should understand himself who he is and what his potential is. It is his followers not him who is going to judge. The important thing for a leader is that his followers should have belief in him. If they lose their hope then there will be no effect in his leadership. In order to inspire the followers it is essential for a leader to convince the followers.

Followers:

The followers can be of many types each and every one looks for various happenings so it is essential for a leader to understand the nature of his followers. The leader should be very cautious with the things around him.

Communication:

Communication is another important aspect that a leader should look upon. A proper communication leads to a proper channel of framework. Communication may either build or harm your relationship with your followers it depends upon the way of your communication.

Situation:

Leader’s action has a larger impact than his traits as far the situation is concerned. Traits may have a greater stability but not impressive consistency over the situations (Mischel, 1968). A leader could not react in the same way in all the situations. Depending upon the situations and the conditions the leader should react instantly.

BASS’s leadership theory:

According to (Bass, 2008; Stogdill, 1989) there are 3 possible and basic ways for an individual to become a leader are

A person may rise to the event because of an important event or a crisis

It may be because of their personal traits that lead them as a leader

At times they may become a leader and then learn the leadership skills

Leadership Theory:

In recent past the various researches on leadership conducted in United States are based on contingency theories under this the leader’s behavioral pattern is very effective. (Jago, 1988; Indvik, 1986). This contingency theory gives us a proper structure to the framework as it tests the leader under various circumstances.

Three Countries:

South Korea

Taiwan

United States

These two countries are chosen from the Asia-Pacific basin as the cases for the leadership model. These countries are chosen on two major aspects. First, these are the large players in the Asia-Pacific basin. Second, they have a diverse cultural variation.

Framework

Asian Leadership model

Climate and Condition

Traits

Leadership

Western Leadership model

Leadership in South Korea:

South Korea proved to be a tough competitor in the manufacturing area for United States and Japan. South Korea influences Confucianism than any other Asian country i.e. a harmonious relationship is maintained in the business environment. This will encourage the leader to imply special interest on their followers which in turn enhances the inter-personal relationship (Steers, 1989; Ungson, 1989). The response in the followers for their leader has the Confucian mandates in it. The organizational structures are highly centralized at the top organizational levels. According to (Chen, 1995) in case of subordinates with the passive role in communications top-down decision making style is highly typical. A recent survey in South Korea says that the subordinates have certain difficulties in expressing their view when compared to their superiors. Thus it is believed that participative leadership has a lesser or no impact in case of South Korea.

(Hofstede, 1980) says that collective achievements have a clear emphasis than the individual achievement. Hence this factor found to be arguing against the leader contingent reward in South Korea. The South Korean corporations have greater spirit in the entrepreneurship. Successful South Korean business people enunciate a definite in addition to convincing vision of these small business aims to acquire government-assisted financial loans in addition to, just like Chairman Kim associated with Daewoo, many people in a hostile manner practice the vision.

Family members property, incredible importance of particular faithfulness, as well as blended ownership/management connected with South Korean businesses suggest that charismatic management ought to be impactful with South Korea.

Hypothesis:

Hence in South Korea supportive and contingent leader has a positive impact rather than a participative leader.

Leadership in Taiwan:

Taiwan reflects the prosperous "overseas" Chinese culture found in many areas of the Pacific Rim. (Hofstede, 1980) also reported the Chinese to be very high on collectivism and (Dorfman and Howell, 1988) found them high on both collectivism and paternalism. Most in another country Chinese organization in addition to administration techniques provide the family unit organization model-even substantial size organization procedures generally follow this kind of cultural tradition. (Hsu, 1982) identified which China subordinates favor any control style the place that the boss preserves any unified thoughtful connection having readers whilst currently being directive. (Hsu, 1982) identified that boss starting construction correlated confidently having China followers’ job pleasure which subordinates favored commanders which define clear-cut jobs for each person in the particular collection. Inside a comparison review regarding beliefs in relation to operations habits, (Redding and Casey, 1976) discovered Chinese operators noticeably much more authoritarian and also autocratic in comparison with Western operators, in particular concerning discussing info using subordinates and also making it possible for these individuals to help them participate in determination generating. Just one Oriental management stated any some weakness throughout Oriental businesses in which almost no suggestions is from employees. All of us for that reason anticipate participative leadership to have zero positive effect throughout Taiwan.

Inside Chinese language businesses, command is reached through conformity, nepotism and requirement networks (guunxi), not through efficiency it all depends on rewards and punishments (Redding & Wong, 1986). Chinese traditions tendencies prevention connected with conflict which is from time to time considered uncivilized behavior. Keeping others’ encounter inside cultural encounters is vital therefore supervisors usually do not position others problems directly. They will normally use hazy or perhaps reasonable words to protect the deal with of these currently being criticized.

(Cheng, 1987) observed which consequence actions associated with any sort provides significant dysfunctional outcomes about subordinate overall performance throughout Taiwan. Most of us therefore count on leaders’ it all depends consequence habits to get a adverse impression in your Taiwanese test, although leaders’ it all depends incentive habits can have having a positive impression. (Redding, 1990) features noticed that managerial command involving overseas Chinese language is primarily transactional, definitely not charismatic. Subordinates are anticipated to indicate commitment, homework, conformity in addition to behaviors that will boost the superiors’ face.

The particular devotion along with devotion involving subordinates derives by cultural dictates, not by a inspirational charismatic boss. Nonetheless, management towards the top of the organization might make a eyesight that will inspires enthusiasts. An example had been Mao Tse Tung, which likewise endeavored to exchange the particular Confucian sociable design having a socialistic design, but in another country Chinese are yet to commonly accept the particular socialistic design.

Many of us consequently anticipate that will charismatic leadership should have absolutely no considerable have an effect on readers from the Taiwanese taste. The subsequent theory summarizes your prophecies for Taiwan.

Hypothesis:

Within Taiwan, directive, support, as well as contingent prize head behaviors will really affect mediators and/or result procedures; contingent abuse can have a poor influence on mediators and result procedures. Participative as well as charismatic head behaviors can have simply no considerable consequences.

Leadership in United States:

USA is usually culturally exclusive compared to another countries tried in this study. (Hofstede, 1980) defined the United States seeing that very individual, lower on long distance and uncertainness prevention, and medium on masculinity. (Dorfman and Howell, 1988) reported the United States seeing that medium on paternalism. These types of ethnic elements create the particular anticipated control has an effect on fairly distinct United States. In addition, as opposed to the other civilizations sampled because of this analyze, you'll find better outlines associated with control exploration in America from which to produce estimations. Encouraging management has demonstrated continually solid good human relationships having followers’ pleasure and also organizational commitment along with mild for you to solid human relationships having followers’ role ambiguity and also functionality in the states (Indvik, 1986). Directive authority has also already been crucial within businesses, using meta-analyses confirming powerful constructive interactions using actions involving friends fulfillment as well as purpose ambiguity as well as mild constructive interactions using friends functionality (Tudor& Schuler, 1983).

However, these influences usually are to a great extent moderated by means of many organizational and individual fan traits (Yukl, 1994). (Kerr and Jermier, 1978) suggested of which personnel that are highly knowledgeable, knowledgeable and professional can have a lesser amount of dependence on regular directive innovator conduct in performing their work responsibilities. (Hofstede, 1980) noticed that the very excessive individualism in the United States firmly helps participative management techniques. Therefore, most of us count on loyal as well as participative leadership to get an excessive penetration of result, however directive leadership to have zero major influence on followers inside United States. Rewards as well as punishments contingent upon person performance additionally reflect this excessive individualism as well as excessive achievements inspiration that characterizes United States Personnel (McClelland & Boyatzis, 1982). Commanders’ dependent treatment behavior has additionally confirmed beneficial has effects on fans attitudes in numerous U.S. examples. Innovator dependent pay back and treatment actions are generally as a result required to get beneficial has effects on inside the U.S. sample, though dependent pay back may develop the best influence.

Much of this management research carried out in the states in the last ten years offers devoted to charismatic management. Several textbooks and empirical reports get shown it is relevance and occurrence in any way ranges within U.S. businesses (Bass, 1990). The actual large achievement inclination associated with U.S. individuals, in particular managers and professionals, will even probably bring about fans to help react effectively to help charismatic head actions. All of us therefore expect charismatic head behavior for being highly impactful in United States.

Hypothesis:

In America, support, dependent prize, dependent punishment, participative, as well as charismatic leadership will positively have an effect on mediators and/or end result measures. Directive leadership will have absolutely no major results.