Wind Farm Monitoring Profiling And Controlling

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Abstract- This paper presents the design and development of a GSM based energy monitoring profiling and control system. Wind energy has been the latest and most reliable means of power production in the recent days. Since the non renewable resources are depleting at a faster rate. The need for replacements is emerging so various methods have been proposed like solar, water and wind. The wind energy utilization method is proposed in this paper. Here the AC voltage is generated from the rotating wind mill blades and is given to converter. The voltage is then converted into DC voltage with the help of a converter. The phase is then changed and compared with the voltage reference circuit and if enough voltage is attained then the controller makes it to be distributed in the grid and the GSM communication is used to transmit the information on amount of energy obtained, time for distribution area to be distributed and others through short message service (SMS) back to the energy supplier as well as the energy provider. The process inside the controller will not be known and so the LCD is attached to get information on the current process inside the microcontroller. Also if a particular grid is in need, the information will be analyzed using the voltage reference and will be controlled through the relay. All such information’s are monitored and updates the database continuously in the personal computer for future reference.

Keywords-GSM; SMS; Monitoring; Profiling; Control system

I.INTRODUCTION

The entire operation is controlled by PIC 16F887 microcontroller which has numerous ports to control the objects. The controller has special features within build devices that are sufficient enough to execute the problem. The blades are connected to the converter and then the collected charge due to rotation will be sent to the respective grid areas through the controller commands. The voltage reference is used to calculate the amount of generated voltage level and this data is given to controller. PIC Microcontroller reads such information and converts the analog data into digital data; this is for interfacing the LCD and GSM to controller without using ADC, because the PIC Microcontroller has built in ADC. After that this information is given to LCD for user’s verification and also the information is sent to user’s mobile section with the help of GSM communication. The relay is also controlled by the controller which controls when to switch and not to switch and so on. The generated voltage is given to grid through relay section. This system is useful for power stations. As a result of this automation would lead to an efficient energy metering system by removing human errors. Our system also allows the energy supplier company to remotely monitor and control the supplier energy production details. A major feature is the inclusion of a user consumption profiling system, accessible to users and the energy supply company. By incorporating control coupled with profiling, the project aims at creating some degree of awareness among users, encouraging them towards conservation of energy. An additional feature explored in future is the traffic profiling using Global Positioning System (GPS) to indicating the location of consumers which is extremely beneficial if used in collaboration with sensor circuits to indicate meter theft.

II. SYSTEM DESIGN

As the manual reading, system suffers from a wide variety of disadvantages, which tenders it inefficient. Moreover with human involvement, it is prone to human errors as well as tampering of records. As a result this leads to non-transparency in the meter reading system.The entire operation is controlled by PIC 16F887 microcontroller which has numerous ports to control the objects. The controller has special features within build devices that are sufficient enough to execute the problem. The blades are connected to the converter and then the collected charge due to rotation will be sent to the respective grid areas through the controller commands.

The voltage reference is used to calculate the amount of generated voltage level and this data is given to controller. PIC Microcontroller reads such information and converts the analog data into digital data; this is for interfacing the LCD and GSM to controller without using ADC, because the PIC Microcontroller has built in ADC.

After that this information is given to LCD for user’s verification and also the information is send to user’s mobile section with the help of GSM communication. The relay is also controlled by the controller which controls when to switch and not to switch and so on. The generated voltage is given to grid through relay section.

1. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure.1.1. shows the proposed concept which has the following advantages,

The system has the capacity to generate power at an improved rate.

The reliability of the system depends on the blade life and so has a Quite few advantages.

Transparency of generation of power per unit.

Easy fault detection during runtime.

Production of power can be enhanced and utilized for the benefits of customers.

WIND MILL

GRID

SERIAL COMMUNICATION

RELAY

GSM

MODEM

VOLTAGE REFERENCE

AC-DC

CONVERTERR

PERSONAL COMPUTER

LCD DISPLAY

PIC887

MICROCONTROLLER

POWER SUPPLY

2. WIND MILL

A wind mill is a machine that converts wind energy into electricity. The generators are connected to battery charging circuits and finally to large utility grids. In windmills the wind passes through the airfoil section of the blades and the lift produced generates a torque which is then transformed to electricity in the generator. It is basically the conversion of the wind energy into the mechanical energy of the turbine and then finally to electricity.

3. POWER SUPPLY

A power supply is a device that supplies electrical energy to one or more electric loads. The term is most commonly applied to devices that convert one form of electrical energy to another, though it may also refer to devices that convert another form of energy (e.g., mechanical, chemical, solar) to electrical energy. A regulated power supply is one that controls the output voltage or current to a specific value; the controlled value is held nearly constant despite variations in either load current or the voltage supplied by the power supply's energy source. Every power supply must obtain the energy it supplies to its load, as well as any energy it consumes while performing that task, from an energy source. A power supply may be implemented as a discrete, stand-alone device or as an integral device that is hardwired to its load. In the latter case, for example, low voltage DC power supplies are commonly integrated with their loads in devices such as computers and household electronics.

Fig.1.2.Power Supply System

4. PIC16f887 MICROCONTROLLER

It is of high performance RISC CPU with only 35 Instructions to learn and its operating speed is,

DC – 20 MHz oscillator/clock input

DC – 200 ns instruction cycle

It has certain features as follows,

Interrupt capability

8-level deep hardware stack

Other special microcontroller features includes,

Precision internal oscillator

Power saving sleep mode

Wide operating voltage range (2.0-5.5V)

Program memory Read/Write during run time

It has three timer module with a prescalar

10-bit resolution and 11/14 channels of ADC

Enhanced USART module:

- Supports RS-485, RS-232, and LIN 2.0

- Auto-Baud Detect

- Auto-Wake-Up on Start bit

Programmable code protection

High Endurance Flash/EEPROM cell:

- 100,000 write Flash endurance

- 1,000,000 write EEPROM

- Flash/Data EEPROM retention:

> 40 years

Program memory Read/Write during run time.

5. MEMORY ORGANIZATION

There are two memory blocks in the PIC16F887 device. These are the program memory and the data memory. Each block has separate buses so that concurrent access can occur. Program memory and data memory are explained in this section. Program memory can be read internally by the user code. The data memory can further be broken down into the general purpose RAM and the Special Function Registers (SFRs). The operations of the SFRs that control the "core" are described here. The SFRs used to control the peripheral modules are described in the section discussing each individual peripheral module.

6. SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS

The Special Function Registers are registers used by the CPU and peripheral modules for controlling the desired operation of the device. These registers are implemented as static RAM. The Special Function Registers can be classified into two sets: core (CPU) and peripheral.

7. TIMER MODULE

It has three timers they are with the following features,

7.1. TIMER0 MODULE

The Timer0 module timer/counter has the following features:

• 8-bit timer/counter

• Readable and writable

• 8-bit software programmable prescale

• Internal or external clock select

• Interrupt on overflow from FFh to 00h

• Edge select for external clock

7.2. TIMER1 MODULE

The Timer1 module timer/counter has the following features:

• 16-bit timer/counter (Two 8-bit registers; TMR1H and TMR1L)

• Readable and writable (both registers)

• Internal or external clock select

• Interrupt on overflow from FFFFh to 0000h

• RESET from CCP module trigger Timer1 can be enabled/disabled by Setting/clearing control bit TMR1ON (T1CON<0>).

7.3. TIMER1 OPERATION IN ASYNCHRONOUS COUNTER MODE

If control bit T1SYNC (T1CON<2>) is set, the external clock input is not synchronized. The timer continues to increment asynchronous to the internal phase clocks. The timer will continue to run during SLEEP and can generate an interrupt on overflow that will wake-up the processor. However, special precautions in software are needed to read/write the timer. In Asynchronous Counter mode, Timer1 cannot be used as a time base for capture or compare operations.

7.4. READING AND WRITING TIMER1 IN ASYNCHRONOUS COUNTER MODE

Reading TMR1H or TMR1L while the timer is running from an external asynchronous clock will ensure a valid read (taken care of in hardware). However, the user should keep in mind that reading the 16-bit timer in two 8-bit values itself, poses certain problems, since the timer may overflow between the reads. For writes, it is recommended that the user simply stop the timer and write the desired values. A write contention may occur by writing to the timer registers, while the register is incrementing. This may produce an unpredictable value in the timer register. Data in the Timer1 register (TMR1) may become corrupted. Corruption occurs when the timer enable is turned off at the same instant that a ripple carry occurs in the timer module. Reading the 16-bit value requires some care. Family Reference Manual (DS33023) shows how to read and write Timer1 when it is running in Asynchronous mode.

7.5. TIMER1 OSCILLATOR

A crystal oscillator circuit is built between pins T1OSI (input) and T1OSO (amplifier output). It is enabled by setting control bit T1OSCEN (T1CON<3>). The oscillator is a low power oscillator rated up to 200 kHz. It will continue to run during SLEEP. It is primarily intended for a 32 kHz crystal. The Timer1 oscillator is identical to the LP oscillator. The user must provide a software time delay to ensure proper oscillator start-up

7.6. TIMER1 INTERRUPT

The TMR1 register pair (TMR1H:TMR1L) increments from 0000h to FFFFh and rolls over to 0000h. The TMR1 interrupt, if enabled, is generated on overflow, which is latched in interrupt flag bit TMR1IF (PIR1<0>). This interrupt can be enabled/disabled by setting clearing TMR1 interrupt enable bit TMR1IE (PIE1<0>).

7.7. RESETTING TIMER1 USING A CCP TRIGGER OUTPUT

If the CCP module is configured in Compare mode to generate a "special event trigger" signal (CCP1M3:CCP1M0 = 1011), the signal will reset Timer1 and start an A/D conversion (if the A/D module is enabled). Timer1 must be configured for either Timer or Synchronized Counter mode to take advantage of this feature. If Timer1 is running in Asynchronous Counter mode, this RESET operation may not work. In the event that a write to Timer1 coincides with a special event trigger from CCP1, the write will take precedence. In this mode of operation, the CCPR1H:CCPR1L registers pair effectively becomes the period register for Timer1. Since each resonator/crystal has its own characteristics, the user should consult the resonator/crystal manufacturer for appropriate values of external components. The special event triggers from the CCP1 module will not set interrupt flag bit TMR1IF (PIR1<0>).

7.8. TIMER2 MODULE

The Timer2 module timer has the following features:

• 8-bit timer (TMR2 register)

• 8-bit period register (PR2)

• Software programmable prescaler (1:1, 1:4, 1:16)

• Software programmable postscaler (1:1 to 1:16)

• Interrupt on TMR2 match of PR2

7.9. ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (A/D) MODULE

The analog-to-digital (A/D) converter module has 8 inputs for the PIC16F887. The A/D allows conversion of an analog input signal to a corresponding 8-bit digital number. The output of the sample and hold is the input into the converter, which generates the result via successive approximation. The analog reference voltage is software selectable to either the device’s positive supply voltage (VDD) or the voltage level on the RA3/AN3/VREF pin. The A/D converter has a unique feature of being able to operate while the device is in SLEEP mode. To operate in SLEEP, the A/D conversion clock must be derived from the A/D’s internal RC oscillator. The A/D module has three registers:

• A/D Result Register ADRES

• A/D Control Register 0 ADCON0

• A/D Control Register 1 ADCON1

A device RESET forces all registers to their RESET state. This forces the A/D module to be turned off and any conversion is aborted. The ADCON0 register, shown in Register 10-1, controls the operation of the A/D module. The ADCON1 register, shown in Register 10-2, configures the functions of the port pins. The port pins can be configured as analog inputs (RA3 can also be a voltage reference) or a digital I/O.

7.10. INTERRUPTS

The PIC16F887 has up to eight sources of interrupt. The interrupt control register (INTCON) records individual interrupt requests in flag bits. It also has individual and global interrupt enable bits. A global interrupt enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>) enables (if set) all unmasked interrupts, or disables (if cleared) all interrupts. When bit GIE is enabled, and an interrupt’s flag bit and mask bit are set, the interrupt will vector immediately. Individual interrupts can be disabled through their corresponding enable bits in various registers. Individual interrupt bits are set, regardless of the status of the GIE bit. The GIE bit is cleared on RESET. The "return from interrupt" instruction, RETFIE, exits the interrupt routine, as well as sets the GIE bit, which re-enables interrupts. The RB0/INT pin interrupt, the RB port change interrupt and the TMR0 overflow interrupt flags are contained in the INTCON register. The peripheral interrupt flags are contained in the Special Function Register, PIR1. The corresponding interrupt enable bits are contained in Special Function Register, PIE1, and the peripheral interrupt enable bit is contained in Special Function Register INTCON. When an interrupt is serviced, the GIE bit is cleared to disable any further interrupt, the return address is pushed onto the stack, and the PC is loaded with 0004h. Once in the Interrupt Service Routine, the source(s) of the interrupt can be determined by polling the interrupt flag bits. The interrupt flag bit(s) must be cleared in software before re-enabling interrupts to avoid recursive interrupts. For external interrupt events, such as the INT pin or PORTB change interrupts, the interrupt latency will be three or four instruction cycles. The exact latency depends when the interrupt event occurs, relative to the current Q cycle. The latency is the same for one or two cycle instructions. Individual interrupt flag bits are set, regardless of the status of their corresponding mask bit, PEIE bit, or the GIE bit.

7.11. LCD DISPLAY:

A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat electronic visual, 2*16 matrix displays that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals (LCs). LCDs do not emit light directly. Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are a passive display technology. This means they do not emit light; instead, they use the ambient light in the environment. By manipulating this light, they display images using very little power. This has made LCDs the preferred technology whenever low power consumption and compact size are critical. They are used in a wide range of applications, including computer monitors, television, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, signage, etc. They are common in consumer devices such as video players, gaming devices, clocks, watches, calculators, and telephones. LCDs have displaced cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in most applications. They are usually more compact, lightweight, portable, less expensive, more reliable, and easier on the eyes.

Figure.1.3.Pin Configuration Of 2X16 LCD

7.12. ALGORITHM TO SEND DATA TO LCD:

1. Make R/W low

2. Make RS=0; if data byte is command RS=1; if data byte is data (ASCII value)

3. Place data byte on data register

4. Pulse E (HIGH to LOW)

5. Repeat the steps to send another data byte

7.13. LCD INITIALIZATION

Working of LCD depend on the how the LCD is initialized. We have to send few command bytes to initialize the LCD. Simple steps to initialize the LCD.

1. Specify function set:

Send 38H for 8-bit, double line and 5x7 dot character format.

2. Display On-Off control:

Send 0FH for display and blink cursor on.

3. Entry mode set:

Send 06H for cursor in increment position and shift is invisible.

4. Clear display:

Send 01H to clear display and return cursor to home position.

7.14. GSM MODEM

GSM modem is a highly flexible plug and play GSM 300 modem for direct and easy integration RS232, voltage range for the power supply and audio interface make this device perfect solution for system integrators and single user. It also comes with license free integrated Python. Python is a powerful easy to learn programming language.

Fig.1.4.GSM SIM 300 Modem

Such a Python driven terminal is 5 times better and faster and 5 times cheaper than standard PLC/RTU with communication interface and external GSM / GPRS modem.

The GSM Modem supports popular AT command set so that users can develop applications quickly. The product has SIM Card holder to which activated SIM card is inserted for normal use. The power to this unit can be given from UPS to provide uninterrupted operation. This product provides great feasibility for Devices in remote location to stay connected which otherwise would not have been possible where telephone lines do not exist

7.15. GSM CARRIER FREQUENCIES

GSM networks operate in a number of different carrier frequency ranges (separated into GSM frequency for 2G and UMTS frequency bands for 3G), with most 2G GSM networks operating in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands. Where these bands were already allocated, the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands were used instead (for example in Canada and the United States). In rare cases the 400 and 450 MHz frequency bands are assigned in some countries because they were previously used for first-generation systems. Most 3G networks in Europe operate in the 2100 MHz frequency band. Regardless of the frequency selected by an operator, it is divided into time division multiplexing for individual phones to use. This allows eight full-rate or sixteen half-rate speech channels per radio frequency. These eight radio timeslots (or eight burst transmission periods) are grouped into a time division multiple access frame. Half rate channels use alternate frames in the same timeslot. The channel data rate for all 8 channels is 270.833 Kbit/s, and the frame duration is 4.615 ms.

7.16. GSM MODEM CHARACTERISTICS

Quad GSM GPRS modem.

Designed for GPRS, data, fax, SMS and voice applications

Fully compliant with ETSI GSM Phase 2+ specifications (Normal MS)

License free Python interpreter with free of charge programming tools

7.17. GSM MODEM INTERFACES

RS232 through D-TYPE 9 pin connector.

Power supply through Molex 4 pin connector

SMA antenna connector

Toggle spring SIM holder

Red LED Power on, Green LED status of GSM / GPRS module

GSM

PIC16f887µC

µ

USART

Fig.1.5. PIC Interface with GSM Modem

A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone.

When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to use the GSM modem to communicate over the mobile network.  While these GSM modems are most frequently used to provide mobile internet connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending and receiving SMS and MMS messages.

7.18. RELAY

All relays contain a sensing unit, the electric coil, which is powered by AC or DC current. When the applied current or voltage exceeds a threshold value, the coil activates the armature, which operates either to close the open contacts or to open the closed contacts. When a power is supplied to the coil, it generates a magnetic force that actuates the switch mechanism. The magnetic force is, in effect, relaying the action from one circuit to another. The first circuit is called the control circuit; the second is called the load circuit. Relays are electrical switches that open or close another circuit under certain conditions. 12V supply voltage is given to the circuit to switch ON the relay. Relay circuit have transistor, diode, LED, and electromagnetic coil. When relay is connected to PIC Microcontroller, 5v is passed to base of the transistor but transistors have 0.7v only so resister is connected to drop the excess voltage.

Fig.1.6. Relay Operation Model

Transistor output is give to electromagnetic coil after that it is energised so emf is produced. This emf closes the second switch and output is given to load. Diode is connected across the collector terminal of the transistor and supply terminal it is used to block the flow of emf to supply terminal.

7.19. MAX 232

A standard serial interfacing for computer, requires negative logic, i.e., logic '1' is -3V to -12V and logic '0' is +3V to +12V. To convert TTL logic, transmitter and receiver pins of the microcontroller chips need a converter chip. A MAX 232 is a converter chip mainly for the purpose of microcontroller boards. It provides 2-channel RS232C port.

Fig.1.7. Serial Communication

7.19.1. PACKAGING DATA

In asynchronous transmission When there is no transfer the signal is high Transmission begins with a start (low) bit LSB first Finally 1 stop bit (high) Data transfer rate (baud rate) is stated in bps.

Fig.1.8.Packaging of Data

7.20. RS232 STANDARD INTERFACE

It has the following characteristics,

Logic 1 : -3 to -25 volt

Logic 0 : 3 to 25 volt

To connect txd to rxd and rxd to txd from pc to microcontroller you must use max232 to convert signal from ttl level to rs232 level

Fig.1.9.Max32with Microcontroller

The above figure shows the normal connections of microcontroller to max232 and the internal diagram of the rs 232 serial port.

III. SYSTEM SOFTWARE

The proposed system’s software section supports all the operating system, because this proposed system design is minimal cost so it doesn’t need any higher end and costly software but it needs reliable and secure environment.

3. 1. CCS ‘C’ COMPILER

Intelligent and highly optimized CCS C compilers contain Standard C operators and Built-in Function libraries that are specific to PIC registers, providing developers with a powerful tool for accessing device hardware features from the C language level. Standard C preprocessors, operators and statements can be combined with hardware specific directives and CCS provided built-in functions and example libraries to quickly develop applications incorporating leading edge technologies such as capacitive touch, wireless and wired communication, motion and motor control and energy management.

3.1.1. DEVICE SPECIFIC OPTIMIZATION

Device specific include files contain all the information the compiler needs to optimize code generation for the specific PIC MCU.

Op-code length

Memory size

Pin functionality

Memory banking

Peripheral resources

Hardware stack size

This detailed information enables the compiler to make intelligent decisions regarding code optimization at the sub family and device level, generating denser code than would be possible if the compiler treated all devices within a Microchip PIC® family the same. Learn how an optimizing C compiler can save you money.

The device specific include files also initialize device registers and peripherals, relieving developers from the tedium of studying data sheets to learn register map details, flag settings, etc.

The compiler can handle in-line or separate functions, as well as parameter passing in re-usable registers. Transparent to the user, the compiler handles calls across pages automatically and analyzes program structure and call tree processes to optimize RAM and ROM Usage.

Additional features include:

Efficient function implementation allows call trees deeper than the hardware stack.

Automatic linking handles multiple code pages.

Assembly code may be inserted anywhere in the source and may reference C variables.

Function Overloading allows for several functions with the same name, but differences in number and type of parameters.

Default Parameters can be used in a function if arguments are not used in a call.

The compiler generates all startup and clean up code for interrupt functions as well as identifying the correct interrupt function to be called.

Reference parameters may be used to improve code readability and in-line function efficiency.

Variable Number of Parameters in a function.

Relocatable Objects / Multiple Compilation Unit (IDE Only)

Automatic #fuses Configuration

Function recursion for PIC24 and dsPIC DSC devices.

3.1.2. BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS

The CCS compiler contains over 307 built-in functions that simplify access to hardware while producing efficient and highly optimized code. Functions are included for device hardware features such as:

Timers & PWM modules

A/D converters

On-chip data EEPROM

LCD controllers

External memory busses

Specify microcontroller clock speed with a PRAGMA, allowing built-in functions to generate precision delays in microseconds or milliseconds with DELAY_US() and DELAY_MS()

converters with SETUP_ADC() and READ_ADC()

Enhanced oscillator control for selection from multiple clock sources, PLL and power saving options

Set PWM duty cycle with SET_PWM_DUTY

Maintain tri-state registers with INPUT() and OUTPUT_HIGH

Use compiler directives to specify if tri-state registers are refreshed on every I/O or if the I/O is as fast as possible

3.1.3. ARITHMETIC LIBRARIES

Standard C math libraries are supplied with the CCS compiler.

1, 8, 16 and 32-bit integer types and 32-bit floating point are supported for all devices

48 and 64-bit integer types and 64-bit floating point for PIC24 and dsPIC DSC devices

The compiler also has the ability to represent decimal numbers using a new data type, the fixed point decimal.

Fixed point decimal gives you decimal representation, but at integer speed. This gives you a phenomenal speed boost over using float.

3.2. PIC KIT2 PROGRAMMER

This gives us the instruction on how to get started using the PIC kit 2

Installing the PICkit 2 Hardware

Installing and Launching the PICkit Programmer Application

Connecting to the Device

Selecting Target Power

Importing a Hex File

Writing the Program to the Device

Verifying the Device

Reading Device Memory

Code Protecting the Device

Erasing and Blank Checking the Device

Automating Write/Read Procedures

4.2. OrCAD 16.0

Industry-proven OrCAD solutions are available as standalone products or in comprehensive suites. Unlike other PCB design tools, OrCAD PCB design suites provide a feature-rich, fully scalable solution that can be expanded and upgraded as PCB challenges and the level of design sophistication grows.

Fig.2.1.Circuit Diagram

It offers a proven, scalable, easy-to-use PCB editing and routing solution. Delivers a comprehensive feature set and seamless PCB design environment to take designs from concept to production.

Provides simulation of analog/mixed-signal circuits as well as analysis for by determining which components are over-stressed and component yields. Full integration with OrCAD Capture improves productivity and data integrity.

III.TESTING AND RESULTS

At the initial phase of the system development, the system was tested by comparing the pulse readings generated at the wind mill against the reading displayed by the energy meter through a test load . As the results proved the approach accurate, it was utilized for acquiring the wind mill energy consumption.

Figure.3. Testing Of System With Load

The whole system once developed was tested using the load and here we compared the time required to send the readings to the server and tested for its synchronization. The Testing results in an accurate solution and made successful.

Figure.3.1.Billing vs. Production

The above figure shows the billing Vs production rate which clearly shows that the production rate and the readings that are obtained well synchronize with the transmission module and the accurate billing information has been obtained at the supplier side.

1) PROFILING TERMINAL

The profiling terminal is developed from visual basics programming language and its developed to support the monitoring circuit with an automatic update in the database and also ensures retrieving the data’s at any time whenever needed.

Figure.3.2.Software Profiling Terminal

Here the software profiling terminal provides a better and accurate production rate periodically as per the control provided by the microcontroller and the data’s are transmitted to the terminal using the MAX 32 signaling from the microcontroller synchronizing with the serial ports of the personal computer to show up accurate billing information.

IV.ANALYSIS

A system of wind farm energy monitoring, profiling and controlling system has been developed which can efficiently utilize the existing meters and widespread GSM infrastructure. To develop an efficient, reliable and effective system of AMR, various technologies have been utilized, analyzed in Table 2.The developed project utilizes the wide spread and already installed infrastructure of GSM network. The store and forwarding features of SMS allow reliable meter reading delivery when the GSM signal is affected by poor weather conditions.

TYPE OF SYSTEM

CHARACTERISTICS

Hand held

Its transparent and easy to monitor but it requires a manual meter readings to make an update

Touch- based mobile

It’s easy to visualize the data’s then and there but it has short range of mobility and also it requires a team of readers.

Fixed network Ethernet

It requires an expensive infrastructure.

Power line communication

The main drawback is of high interference and noise accompanies the message.

RF network

These are the simplex systems which means of one way communication which could not be helpful for the producers or suppliers at critical issues.

Wireless Fidelity(Wi-Fi)

It has a reduced coverage area and installation of access points required.

Table.1.Comparison of existing systems

Our proposed wind farm energy monitoring system is an efficient, simple, compact, cost effective and completely automated system which provides a provision for location monitoring with interactive web interface for future enhancements. System provides a detailed consumer profiling terminal which helps transparent billing and control consumption of resources. The reliability of the proposed system is being enhanced by SMS delivery reports.