Visually Impaired Assistive System Computer Science Essay

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

VISUALLY

IMPAIRED

ASSISTIVE

SYSTEM

Ms.

Kanchan

Varpe,Prof.

M.

P.

Wankhade,

Sinhgad

College

of

Engineering,

Pune-41,

University

of

Pune

Abstract

The

major

problem

of

social

restrictedness

is

seen

in

case

ofvisually

impaired

or

blind

people

who

suffer

in

an

unknownenvironment

without

any

manual

assistance.

Independent

mobility

is

an

important

objective

to

achieveas

this

system

will

identify

certain

paths

for

the

user

navigation

as

well

as

provide

certain

features

such

as

object

recognition,

Location

introductory

information,

Log

records

of

allusers

tag

access,

Event

based

guidance

and

Emergency

button.

These

provisions

can

be

provided

by

placing

tags

overthe

paths,

objects

and

retrieving

related

information

stored

atdatabase

server.

The

main

design

is

the

way

finding

technique

by

employing

an

RFID

passive

tag

grid

on

the

path

and

also

on

objectsalong

with

a

text

data

unique

to

each

tag

stored

in

the

DB.

The

reader

reads

the

tags

and

transmits

the

Tag

ID

wirelesslythrough

ZigBee

transceivers

to

the

server

PC

which

sends

thecorresponding

text

data

to

the

user

end

then

it

is

convertedfrom

text

to

speech

for

the

user.

As

an

overall

this

systemwill

help

visually

impaired

person

to

gain

the

feelings

of

visualization.

Key

terms

visually

impaired,

navigation,

recognition,

rfid,

zigbee

1.

Introduction

Moving

through

an

unknown

environment

becomes

a

real

challenge

for

the

visually

impaired

or

blind

people,

although

they

rely

on

their

other

senses.

An

age

old

mechanism

used

for

assistance

of

the

blind

or

visually

impaired

people

is

a

white

cane

commonly

known

as

walking

cane

a

simple

and

purely

mechanical

device

to

detect

the

ground,

irregular

surfaces,

holes

and

steps

using

simple

tactile-force

feedback.

Apart

from

walking

cane

there

are

not

many

systems

reported

so

far

to

help

them

by

using

technology.

After

a

thorough

literature

survey

it

is

revealed

that

visually

impaired

people

have

always

been

out

off

the

big

companies

scope

and

successful

technological

means

are

yet

to

be

developed

which

will

empower

them.

The

proposed

system

aims

to

be

a

techno-friend

of

visually

impaired

people

to

assist

them

in

the

orientation

and

navigation

in

their

residences

or

at

the

necessary

environments

and

also

it

will

provide

the

assisting

features

such

as

object

recognition,

Location

introductory

information,

Log

records

of

all

users

tag

access,

Event

based

guidance

and

Emergency

button

for

help.

Some

navigation

system

has

proposed

a

solutions

such

as

by

using

PDA

for

the

information

storage

and

RFID

with

the

use

of

Bluetooth

connectivity

for

data

transfer

[3],

Similar

work

with

RFID

and

GSM

to

retrieve

location

information

for

the

blinds

[2],

and

one

more

pro

posed

solution

uses

RFID,

ZigBee

and

FM

transmitter

and

receiver

for

the

data

transfer

[1].The

VIAS

system

is

designed

to

run

for

a

visually

impaired

or

blind

people

and

to

allow

them

to

find

the

way

from

the

current

location

to

the

required

location

within

a

system

implemented

environment

and

to

get

the

details

of

the

objects

placed

in

a

path

or

in

a

range.

The

data

will

be

stored

at

the

server

database.

The

system

is

connected

to

the

VIAS

database

using

a

wireless

technology

such

as

ZigBee

Transceivers

for

full

duplex

communication

where

previously

used

FM

transmitters

were

restricting

the

number

of

users

and

at

the

user

end

Text

to

Speech

module

is

used

to

play

the

related

text

to

the

user.

For

the

rest

of

this

paper,

we

discuss

some

related

work

in

Section

2,

and

discuss

programmers

design

in

Section

3

with

respective

details.

The

results

and

discussion

are

explained

in

Section

4.

We

conclude

our

work

and

suggest

for

future

work

in

Section

5.

2.

Related

Work

The

main

encouraging

factor

for

the

application

of

technology

for

visually

impaired

people

is

the

policy

measures

adopted

by

the

western

countries

for

social

inclusiveness.

Lot

of

development

work

in

these

countries

is

attributed

to

the

above

mentioned

policy

measures

and

grants

invested

for

supporting

this

work.

In

the

year

2003,

international

conference

dedicated

to

the

theme

of

application

of

technology

for

all

aspects

of

sight

loss

showcased

many

such

devices

[4].

Some

notable

devices

exhibited

were

PAN

OPTICUS

(sits

between

a

digital

satellite

receiver

and

a

TV

to

read

the

on-screen

menus),

MONOMOUSE

(fitted

with

a

diffuser

in

order

to

minimize

glare

when

reading

things

like

CD

or

DVD

covers

for

low

vision

people),

SONUS

1XT

(a

device

for

voice

readout

of

the

scrolling

text

that

most

stations

transmit

to

provide

programme

or

track

information),

MOBICLICK

(a

device

to

keep

track

of

a

person???s

movements)

etc.

Serious

work

and

surveys

have

also

been

undertaken

to

provide

access

of

electronic

resources

to

the

visually

impaired

people

by

changing

the

format

of

the

web

sites

and

URLs

[5].

Yet

another

successful

project

undertaken

was

Ra

1

dioVirgilio/Sesamonet

to

design

and

implement

a

reliable

system

to

assist

visually

impaired

citizen???s

independent

mobility

in

urban

settings

[3].

The

goal

was

achieved

by

integrating

traditional

assistive

technologies

with

wireless

PDA

and

RFID

technologies

to

realize

an

easy

to

use

navigation

system.

However

the

system

was

not

successful,

since

it

failed

to

integrate

with

the

state

of

art

internet

technology.

One

more

successful

project

undertaken

was

Blind

Path

Identification

System

Design

Base

on

RFID

[2].This

strategy

comprises

a

mechanism

that

aim

at

ensuring

convenience

for

the

blind,

it

broadcasts

the

detected

location

via

voice

in

order

to

find

the

detailed

street

and

store

number,

which

cannot

be

done

by

blind

tiles.

This

was

achieved

by

integrating

GSM

and

RFID

technologies

to

realize

an

intelligent

navigation

system.

However

the

system

was

not

very

successful,

since

it

failed

to

establish

wireless

communication.

Some

new

commercial

devices

appear

on

the

market,

like

the

Ultra

Cane

which

uses

a

build-in

sonar

system

and

sends

back

vibrations

through

the

handle

according

to

the

presence

of

obstacles

[6].

The

ultra

cane

enhanced

the

traditional

white

cane

by

giving

information

about

the

obstacles

before

direct

contact.

But

it

doesn???t

provide

any

new

functionality

to

the

traditional

cane

and

the

localization

is

still

done

by

movement

of

the

cane

and

it

doesn???t

detect

objects

at

head

height.

Most

of

the

system

developed

so

far

focus

on

maintaining

spatial

orientation

which

is

a

major

challenge

for

people

with

visual

impairment.

There

is

the

need

of

systems

in

providing

blind

people

with

information

on

where

they

are,

hazards

that

might

be

in

the

way,

and

a

description

of

what

lies

in

their

surroundings

[7].

The

notion

of

spatial

orientation

refers

to

the

ability

to

establish

awareness

of

space

position

relative

to

land

marks

in

the

surrounding

environment

[8].

The

goal

of

supporting

functional

independence

to

visually

impaired

people

can

be

achieved

by

providing

references

and

sorts

of

land

marks

to

enhance

awareness

of

the

surroundings

[9].

Systems

on

similar

lines

have

been

reported

[10,

11]

and

even

patents

are

also

filed

in

this

area

of

development

[12-14].

Recently

there

is

one

more

successful

solution

for

the

visually

impaired

people

which

uses

RFID,

ZigBee

and

FM

transmitter

and

receiver

for

the

data

transfer

[1],

but

it

can

be

analyzed

that

there

are

some

restrictions

which

limit

the

functionality

of

this

solution

such

as

use

of

FM

Transmitter

will

limit

the

access

because

for

each

blind

person

we

will

require

a

single

FM

Transmitter

on

the

server

side

even

we

have

to

allocate

specific

Frequency

band

for

it

which

will

limit

the

number

of

user.

Also

given

system

uses

Zigbee

Transceivers

which

can

be

used

for

both

Transmission

and

as

well

as

for

receiving

the

data,

which

remains

unutilized

in

this

system.

This

system

can

cost

high

due

to

the

increase

in

requirement

of

hardware

for

per

multiple

user

access

like

FM

Transmitters

and

receivers.

The

main

limitation

can

be

said

to

be

of

limited

user

access

to

the

system.

To

overcome

these

restrictions

this

solution

is

proposed

to

make

it

more

beneficial

and

functional

that

is

visually

impaired

assistive

system

(VIAS)

which

is

similar

to

that

proposed

in

[1]

but

here

we

use

a

wireless

technology

such

as

ZigBee

Transceivers

for

full

duplex

communication

where

previously

used

FM

transmitters

were

restricting

the

number

of

users

and

at

the

user

end

Text

to

Speech

module

is

used

to

play

the

related

text

to

the

user.

In

our

system

all

the

required

information

will

be

stored

on

the

DB

server.

3.

Programmer???s

design

This

section

describes

overall

system

design

to

understand

the

implementation,

maintenance

and

usage

of

the

system.

In

this

project,

the

availability

of

correct

information

is

a

powerful

tool

which

allows

the

user

to

know

the

current

location

and

object

in

access.

This

includes

the

hardware

and

software

design

elements

of

the

project.

This

System

will

have

input

as

a

Tag

ID

which

will

be

transmitted

through

wireless

communication

to

the

DB

server

which

in

turn

will

return

text

data

associated

with

it,

then

text

data

will

be

played

on

the

user

end

with

the

help

of

Text

to

Speech

Module

i.e.

output

will

be

played

text

file

as

a

information

to

the

user.

The

correct

information

of

user

location

and

surrounding

objects

is

the

success

of

the

system..

3.1.

Mathematical

Model

Let

???S???

be

the

visually

impaired

assistive

system.

S=

{...

Identify

the

inputs

as

T

and

TD.

S=

{T1,

T2,

TD1,

TD2

...

Where,

T

1=

{i

|???i???

is

acoustically

represented

Tag

ID

placed

on

the

object

in

DB.

}

2

=

{

E0170B01AA000CD8,

E0170B01AA001CE9

...

}

TD1

=

{i

|???i???

is

Text

Data

that

can

be

given

as

a

valid

input

data

to

the

processor.

}

T2=

{j

|???j???

is

acoustically

represented

Tag

ID

placed

on

the

path

way

of

the

blind

in

DB.

}

=

{E0170B01AA100CF5,

E0170B01AA101CG4

...

}

TD2

=

{

j

|???j???

is

Text

Data

that

can

be

given

as

a

valid

input

data

to

the

processor.

}

Let???s

Identify

the

output

as

O.

S=

{T1,

T2,

TD1,

TD2,

O

...

O=

{o

|???o???

is

Text

Data

for

the

matched

Tag

ID

in

the

field

of

user.

}

Also,

Let???s

Identify

the

processes

as

P.

S=

{T1,

T2,

TD1,

TD2,

O,

P

...

P=

{PRD,PZB,PSZB,PTTS

...}

PRD

=

This

is

RFID

Reader

Process.

This

is

a

Process

of

reading

Tag

ID

from

the

Tag

in

the

user

access

field

by

the

RFID

Reader.

PZB

=

This

is

ZigBee

Process.

This

Process

will

work

in

two

ways.

In

first

way

it

will

receive

Tag

ID

from

the

RFID

Reader.

Then

in

another

way,

this

process

will

transmit

received

Tag

ID

in

the

form

of

Data

packets

to

the

Destination

ZigBee

Process

at

the

server

side.

PSZB

=

This

is

Server

side

ZigBee

Process.

Again

this

Process

will

work

in

three

ways.

In

first

way

it

will

receive

Tag

ID

from

the

Process

PZB.

Then

in

second

way,

this

process

will

transmit

received

Tag

ID

to

get

the

related

Text

Data

from

the

Destination

Database

Server.

At

last,

When

this

process

will

get

related

Tags

description

Text

Data

from

the

DB

then

its

main

task

will

be

to

forward

it

to

the

user???AZs

side

PZB

process.

PTTS

=

This

is

user

side

TTS

Modules

Process.

This

Process

will

receive

Text

Data

from

the

Process

PZB

through

the

microcontroller.

Then

it

will

process

it

and

output

text

of

received

text

Data

in

the

form

of

audio

speech

through

headphones

to

the

user

to

give

related

information

about

location

or

object.

Let,

R

is

the

set

of

search

and

retrieval

activities

and

associated

database.

R=

{

Rq,

Rf,

Ro

}

Rq=

{

r

|???r???

is

characteristic

sequence

of

query

}

Rf=

{

r

|???r???

is

searching

and

retrieval

function

}

Rf

(Rq)

=

Ro

Ro=

{

r

|???r???

is

matching

text

data

of

respective

Tag

ID

}

Now,

let???s

Identify

failure

cases

as

F???

S=

{

T1,

T2,

TD1,

TD2,

O,

P,

F???

...

Failure

occurs

when

???

O=

{

F

}

O=

{

p

|???p???

is

Tag

ID

matching

conflict

error

}

O=

{q

|???q???

is

Tag

ID

does

not

exist

}

O=

{r

|???r???

is

Multiple

Tag

ID

in

range

collision

error

}

O=

{p

|???p???

is

Tag

ID

record

match

conflict

error

}

O=

{i

|???i???

is

Tag

ID

information

not

updated

}

O=

{d

|???d???

is

components

damaged

}

Now,

let???s

Identify

success

case

(terminating

case)

as

e.

S=

{T1,

T2,

TD1,

TD2,

O,

P,

F???,

e

...

Success

is

defined

as,

O=

{p

|???p???

is

exact

location

or

object

description

Text

data

played

through

TTS

}

Consider,

Initial

conditions

as

S0,

S=

{T1,

T2,

TD1,

TD2,

O,

P,

F???,

e,

S0}

Initial

condition

for

query

handling

???

There

should

be

Tag

ID

indexed

database

of

Text

files

with

related

Tag

ID.

There

is

no

initial

condition

to

add

text

data

and

Tag

ID

in

the

database.

Mathematical

Representation

???

Let

???S???

be

the

visually

impaired

assistive

system.

S=

{I,

F,

T1,

TD1,

T2,

TD2,

P,

Rip,

Ro,

O}

Where,

I=

set

of

valid

input

data

set

i.e.

Tag

ID

F=

set

of

valid

file

format

T1=

set

of

the

Tag

ID???s

that

will

be

placed

on

the

Objects

TD1=

set

of

an

Text

Data

related

to

each

Tag

ID

placed

on

the

Objects

T2=

set

of

the

Tag

ID???s

that

will

be

placed

on

the

path

way

of

the

blind

TD2=

set

of

the

Text

Data

related

to

each

Tag

ID

placed

on

the

path

way

P

=

set

of

processes

to

process

input

and

produce

output

Rip

=

set

of

input

to

information

retrieval

module

Ro

=

set

of

output

of

information

retrieval

module.

O=

set

of

output

Here

is

the

mathematical

representation

of

the

VIAS

project

as

follows,

It=

{Tt

}

|.

t

>0

This

is

an

input

data

set

of

Tag

ID???s

into

Tag???s

of

Object

and

Tag???s

of

Path

way

with

respective

Text

Data

to

be

placed

in

the

DB.

P(It

)=

TDt

|.

t

>0

An

Input

from

input

data

set

to

the

process

to

get

3

respective

text

data.

P=

{PRD,PZB,PSZB,PTTS

...

}

These

are

the

process

to

process

input

and

retrieve

respective

text

data.

Following

fig.

1

and

2

represents

the

set

theory

where

the

fig.

1

depicts

single

Tag

ID

associated

with

each

Object.

And

fig.

2

depicts

database

record

with

each

Tag

ID

and

its

exact

associated

Text

Data.

Fig.

1

Tag

and

Tag

ID

relation

Fig.

2

Tag

ID

and

DB

Record

relation

Also

following

is

the

working

process

of

the

VIAS,

PRD

=

Read(Tt

)

|.

t

>0

This

is

RFID

Process

to

Read

Tag

ID

from

Tag

Chip

placed

on

Object

or

Path

way.

Now,

communication

process

between

two

ZigBee

of

User

and

Server

can

be

represented

as,

User

ZigBee

Process

is

to

send

Tag

Id

to

the

Server

and

receive

Text

Data

from

the

Server.

PZB

=

Send(Tt)

|.

t

>0

PZB

=

Recv(TDt)

|.

t

>0

And,

Server

ZigBee

Process

algorithm

to

receive

Tag

Id

and

provide

it

as

input

to

the

DB

Server

and

Send

Text

File

to

the

User

Zigbee.

PSZB

=

Recv(Tt)

|.

t

>0

PSZB

=

Send(TDt)

|.

t

>0

Also,

Process

at

the

TTS

Module

which

accepts

Text

Data

in

the

digital

format

and

covert

it

in

to

audio

speech

signal

and

finally

play

as

output

to

the

user???s

headphone

can

be

represented

as,

PTTS=

Recv(TDt)

|.

t

>0

=

Covert(Digital

Format(TD)

into

Audio

Signal(TD))

=

Play(TDt)

Finally,

Information

retrieval

module

at

the

database

side

is,

Ro

=

Rp

(

Rip

)

This

is

the

overall

mathematical

modeling

and

representation

of

the

VIAS

project.

3.2.

Dynamic

Programming

and

Serialization

This

section

explains

the

use

of

divide

and

conquers

according

to

the

algorithmic

strategy

for

the

functional

decomposition

of

VIAS

as

shown

in

fig.

3.

Here

main

project

module

is

divided

in

to

two

sub

main

modules

called

as

Hardware

and

Software

where

these

sub

modules

lists

the

internal

sub

modules

to

be

started

first.

Fig.3VIASfunctionaldecompositionintomodules

InVIASproject,thereisanecessityofthedatamem-

orization.HeredatatobememorizedisTextdataorinformationtobedeliveredtotheuserwithrespectiveTagIDasshowninthefollowingtable1.

4

AttribuName

te

AttribuType

te

Attribute

Size

Purpose

Index

Integer

10

Each

record

index.

TagID

String

100

Unique

Identification

Number.

Location

Details

String

Depends

on

contents

Text

Data

to

be

transferred

over

the

network

which

will

be

information

about

way

location

to

be

given

to

the

user.

Object

Details

String

Depends

on

contents

Text

Data

to

be

transferred

over

the

network

which

will

be

information

about

Object

to

be

given

to

the

user.

Tag

Location

String

50

Location

name

where

Tag

is

placed

Table

1.

VIAS

Data

to

be

memorized

3.3.

Data

independence

and

Data

Flow

architecture

In

VIAS

project,

DB

is

created

with

normalized

tables

such

as

Tag

details

are

placed

in

table

with

related

details

according

to

the

location

and

object

specifications

so

that

it

can

be

retrieved

easily

without

any

cause

of

data

independence.

The

records

in

tables

are

being

indexed

by

the

Tag

ID

to

retrieve

its

related

information

text

data.

The

Data

flow

architecture

of

VIAS

is

shown

in

the

following

fig.

4,

which

describes

how

Tag

ID

is

retrieved

and

given

as

a

input

to

the

DB

server

then

respective

record

is

retrieved

with

the

field

of

Text

data

to

be

sent

to

the

user

as

an

output.

Fig.

4.

VIAS

Data

flow

architecture

3.4.

Multiplexer

Logic

This

VIAS

will

work

under

following

requirement

specifications

such

as,

server

PC

with

configuration

such

as

P

IV

1.7

GHz

class

or

better

processor

like

Intel(R)

Core(TM)

2

Duo

CPU,

512MB

of

RAM

or

more,

At

least

500

MB

Hardisk

space

or

more

and

other

than

this

at

the

maximum

available

server

PC

Configuration

can

be

used.

RFID

Passive

Tag

and

Reader

with

ZigBee

integrated

available

as

RedBee.

On

server

side

single

ZigBee

Transceiver,

this

is

XBee

Transceiver

alone

which

will

be

attached

to

the

Server

PC

to

be

interacted

with

the

user

XBee

Transceiver

for

communication

purpose.

The

Emic

2

text

to

speech

module

can

be

used

which

is

latest

available

efficient

module

which

can

be

used

for

Text

to

Speech

processing.

The

entire

required

hardware

interfacing

for

the

data

flow

is

shown

in

the

fig.

6

as

VIAS

system

architecture.

In

VIAS

main

input

data

is

Tag

ID

retrieved

according

to

the

user

in

the

range

of

particular

Tag.

This

Tag

ID

will

be

sent

to

the

server

through

the

ZigBee

wireless

communication.

Here

server

can

process

multiple

user

data

in

parallel

way

because

single

server

Zigbee

can

connect

at

most

64,000

clients.

Hence

VIAS

can

work

5

concurrently

to

service

multiple

users

also

due

to

this

input

data

independency

can

be

maintained.

This

VIAS

requires

sufficient

memory

to

store

location

and

object

data

in

the

form

of

database

on

the

server.

3.5.

Turing

Machine

A

simple

state

diagram

showing

possible

changes

in

states

of

VIAS

project

are

depicted

in

fig.5

this

state

diagram

indicates

possible

changes

that

may

occur

in

the

system

according

to

the

respective

inputs.

This

diagram

includes

following

states

and

input

output

conditions,

UI

???User

Interface

RFID

RD

???RFID

Reader

UZBT

???User

end

ZigBee

Transceiver

SZBT

???Server

end

ZigBee

Transceiver

DBS

???Database

Server

TTS

???Text

To

Speech

Module

ER

???Error

for

failure

condition

TID

???Tag

Identification

number

Tdata

???Text

Data

with

respective

to

each

Tag

ID

least

range

or

within

laboratory

only.

The

contact

between

reader

and

tag

will

be

made

to

occur

in

line

and

similar

prototypes

will

be

ensured

for

tags

grid.

There

will

not

be

physical

obstacles

and

distances

kept

to

a

low-

level

in

the

initial

deployment

to

test

the

system

for

any

natural

issues.

All

the

tags

are

expected

to

respond

reasonably

well

and

even

increase

in

physical

distance

will

be

checked

to

analyze

affect

the

working

of

VIAS

system.

The

VIAS

system

will

perform

well

within

a

100

meters

inside

range.

The

entire

system

architecture

is

shown

in

the

fig.

6.

DBM

???Database

Maintenance

Fig.

6

VIAS

System

Architecture

Fig.

5

VIAS

State

Transition

diagram

4.

Results

and

Discussion

The

VIAS

project

is

expected

to

be

deployed

and

tested

in

the

Institute

campus

for

visually

impaired

or

blind.

The

environment,

in

which

the

system

is

expected

to

test,

will

be

initially

one

laboratory

of

the

department

and

all

the

expected

hardware

devices

will

be

within

the

Now

when

system

is

in

operation

it

will

work

according

to

the

different

features

being

implemented

in

it,

at

the

starting

point

of

the

laboratory

it

will

provide

introduction

of

the

laboratory

i.e.

it

will

introduce

infrastructure

of

the

laboratory

while

entering

inside

then

according

to

the

Tag

in

range

it

will

provide

information

about

it.

If

someone

has

to

be

prohibited

to

access

particular

section

then

event

based

guidance

feature

will

be

used

which

will

play

emergency

message

such

as

???Do

not

go

ahead

of

this

point

turn

either

left,

right

or

go

back

for

the

safe

navigation???.

In

case

of

emergency

if

user

is

expecting

some

help

then

he

will

press

button

which

will

send

a

signal

to

the

system

administrator

which

will

be

as

an

intimation

of

emergency

help.

One

more

feature

provided

is

called

as

log

records

which

will

be

maintain

6

ing

all

the

log

records

of

the

user???s

accessed

Tag

ID

which

will

help

to

keep

a

track

of

all

the

user???s.This

product

will

be

the

best

application

for

the

visually

impaired

or

blind

user,

following

fig.

7

presents

the

user

interaction

with

the

system.

Fig.7VIASUserInterface

5.

Conclusion

This

assistive

system

is

for

the

visually

impaired

or

blind

people.

This

VIAS

comprises

a

mechanism

such

as

mainly

Way

finding,

Object

identification

and

some

more

add

on

features

like

Location

introductory

information,

Log

records

of

all

users

tag

access,

Event

based

guidance

and

Emergency

button

for

the

help.

When

the

reader

is

in

the

close

proximity

to

one

of

the

tags,

user

is

informed

about

the

Path

location

or

object???s

details

via

text

data

stored

on

the

DB

server.

This

system

can

service

to

multiple

persons

with

a

least

cost

of

implementation.

Another

point

worth

mentioning

is

the

cost

of

the

system,

which

can

be

made

more

affordable

and

in

the

long

run

widely

available.Also

some

ideas

can

be

implemented

in

the

future

like,

Personal

Assistance

to

direct

the

person

as

per

the

chosen

destination.