Transmission Of Data Through A Communication

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

involved sharing information and making collaborative and efficient decision without human intervention .It is somehow similar to the Internet of

Things (IOT). M2M is going to be a market-changing force for a wide variety of real-time monitoring applications, such as E-healthcare, Homes

automation system, M2M -Military application, M2M based irrigation system and industrial automation as it is supporting to a large number of

characteristics and achieving better cost efficiency. This article explores the emerging M2M communication in terms of definition of M2M

requirements to deploy a M2M in practically, Architecture, This paper discusses the potential Research barriers with examples and suggests remedies

and techniques which are helpful in propelling the development and deployment of M2M applications

Index Terms-M2M, IOT

INTRODUCTION

An M2M communication is acronym of Machine to Machine Communication. It is a concept where a large number of devices communicate, monitor and

coordinate each other without human intervention. The need of M2M Communication is there for day to day life needs. In our day to day life M2M

communication is going to play an important role as it would ease our efforts and makes our life comfortable. Not only in day to day life but also it

is going to play as indispensible role in industries

According to some research estimation there are X number of Electronic Devices and gadgets which would exponentially increase to Y

electronics devices and gadgets till 2025.So by observing this type of Estimation it would not be so natural that all these devices could

connected

The contempory technology which some researchers have proposed is IOT i.e. Internet of Things.IOT means Internet of Things i.e. a system through

which an object can communicate with other objects through Internet in any means

As per our conviction M2M communication is the Communication between machines can be done through different technologies like- Zigbee, PLC, WiFi

Internet, Generation network etc.So we can say that IOT is a subset or element of M2M communication. Despite the tremendous benefits and technical

advantages M2M communication is still in infancy and it is yet to be flourished. The process of flourishment step by step, year by year, day by day

is called research and the problem to implement that technology is called research issues. If we imagine that Millions and Trillions of Machines will

communicate with each other then we cannot deny the fact to interface and communicate of these machines will be a stringent task

Machine to Machine communication is not a new technology it is already existed for decades. Over 30 years ago there were companies that

utilizing manually controlled machines with sensor communicating over fixed lines. This Utilization of sensors happened before the full scale

deployment of modern computer networks. In the early 1990's supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) were introduced as a system of central

server polling field equipment .SCADA sensors did generally not push data to server and were mostly based on proprietary techniques and has therefore

not seen a widespread deployment

The national Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was of course an early adapter of telemetry solution to monitor its satellite and space

mission. Event today there are one of the leading researchers into M2M solution. They have the past years cooperated with a leading supplier of M2M

technology .M2Micorp develop automated M2M intelligence for space mission

The telemetry and SCADA solution of the manufacturing industry were however not living up to the nation of the M2M communications they were not

connected in the widest sense of the words. Different from conventional technology of communication, meaning of M2M -a technique where millions of

machines will be communicated and connected in the world and could potentially access any device from anywhere

Vision of M2M Communication

Manifold definitions of Machine to Machine Communication traceable with in research community testify to the strong interest in the M2M issues and to

vivacity of the debates on it. By browsing the literature, an interested reader might experience a real difficulty in understanding what M2M really

means, which basic ideas stand behind this concept, and which social, economical and technical implications the full deployment of M2M will have. In

the following discussion we are elaborating the definition of M2M communication

Most common meaning of M2M is Machine-to-Machine, which is referred to in this paper. Essentially, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication refers to

communication between computers, embedded processors, smart sensors, actuators and mobile devices without, or with only limited, human intervention

M2M is a new business concept originating from the telemetry technology, used for automation transmission and measurement of data from remote sources

by wire, radio or other means

The reason of today apparent fuzziness around this term is a consequence of the "Machine to Machine Communication" itself, which syntactically is

composed of two similar words. The Machine and Machine is integrated with "and

Differences, sometimes substantial, in the M2M visions raise from the fact that stake holders, business alliances ,research and standardization

bodies start approaching the issue from either an " Machine oriented" or a Connection between two Machine perspective, depending on their

interests finalities and backgrounds

It shall not be forgotten any way that the words "Machine" and "Machine" with communication, we put together, assume a meaning which introduces a

disruptive level of innovation into today ICT world i.e. Machine to machine communication

In broader sense, M2M communication is matter of direct or indirect communication between two machines/ devices

A UN report states that a new era of ubiquity is coming where humans may become the minority as generators or receivers of traffic and changes

brought about by internet will be dwarf by those prompted by the networking of everyday device

The Machine to Machine communication (M2M) is a novel paradigm that is rapidly gaining ground in the scenario of modern wireless telecommunications

The basic idea of this concept is the independency of machines or devices around us with the help of unique communication and networking schemes are

able to interact with each other and cooperate and monitor to reach common goals

Unquestionably, the main strength of the M2M idea is the high impact it will have on several aspects of everyday-life and behavior of potential users

From the point of view of a private user, the most obvious effects of the M2M introduction will be visible in working, domestic and business fields

In this context, domestics, assisted living, e-health, Home Automation, Smart Metering System are only a few examples of possible application

scenarios in which the new paradigm will play a leading role in the near future. Similarly, from the perspective of business users, the most apparent

consequences will be equally visible in fields such as, automation and industrial manufacturing, Fleet management

The definition of M2M derives from Machine to Machine communication: many attempts have been made to propose a single definition: Machine to machine

M2M) refers to technologies that allow both wireless and wired systems to communicate with other devices with the same ability. [6]ÿ

M2M uses aÿdevice to capture anÿeventÿ, which is relayed through aÿnetworkÿ(wireless, wired or hybrid) to anÿapplicationÿ(softwareÿprogram), that

translates the captured event intoÿmeaningful informationÿ(for example, items need to be restocked)[7].ÿSuch communication was originally

accomplished by having a remote network of machines relay information back to a central hub for analysis, which would then be rerouted into a system

like a personal computer

Machine to Machine communication is characterized by involving a large number of intelligent machines sharing information and making collaborative

decision without direct human intervention

M2M is an acronym for Machine to Machine, and the birth of a fourth generation of computing. It combines communications, computer and power

technologies to enable remote human and machine interaction with physical, chemical, and biological systems and processes

M2M can be defined as network communications among specialized devices in homes, factories, offices and commercial venues that automatically connect

to each other for the exchange of status and control information. In addition to automated device-to-device dialogs, M2M devices can be programmed to

interact with Machines via the network, report events, and request instructions, creating a human aspect of the M2M world

Machine to Machine Communication is a form of data communication that involves one or more entities that do not necessarily require human interaction

or communication (MTC) in 3GPP.M2M could be carried over mobile networks (e.g. GSM-GPRS,CDMA-EVDO networks

In most basic sense M2M is a technology of future where smart device will interact and communicate via a communication networks. In order to function

each device must be outfitted with a communication module and in many cases a sensor for data collection .With numerous advances in wireless

communication and in the base-band processor technologies these devices can easily be placed in diverse locations. Many miles away from another or

form a central system through, IP, Satellite, GSM,GPRS, EDGE

M2M is the automatic communications between devices without human intervention. It often refers to a system of remote sensors, middleware, software

and applications that is continuously transmitting data to a central system

When two electronic systems communicate autonomously, that is to say without human intervention, the process is described as Machine-to-Machine (M2M

communications. The main goal of M2M communications is to enable the sharing of information between electronic systems autonomously

M2M is the abbreviated form of Machine to Machine Communication; M2M is a state of art Technology in the field of communication as emergence of next

generation technology. M2M communication is an innovation in the field of Communication where large number of homogenous (similar) or heterogeneous

dissimilar) devices not only sharing information but also making efficient decision and controlling devices with the help of wired or wireless

network

Perhaps the most basic way to describe M2M is shown in figure 1.1 .The role of M2M is to establish the conditions that allow a device to exchange

information with End-user application via a communication network, so that the device and/or application can act as the basic of this information

exchange

In many cases M2M involves a group of similar devices interacting with a single application. Fleet management is an example of such an application

where devices are, for example, trucks, and the communication network is mobile network. In some cases the devices in the group may not

interact with the application owing to having only limited capacities. In this scenario, the relationship is mediated by gateway that collects

information and forwarding it in efficient way. Smart metering is an example of such an application where devices are smart meters and the

communication network can be mobile network or public internet

It is easy to monitor and control, ones number of machine/device but it is really very difficult to connect and control millions and billions of

machines together without any human intervention .The concept where billions or trillions of devices connecting, sharing information and making

collaborative decision is lead to the new name in communication and is nomenclature as Machine to Machine Communication. Many technical issues may

crop up as billions of machines will get connected together .In order to get acceptance of M2M communication technology worldwide, lot many technical

issues have to be resolved on a large scale. Despite the real-time application and lots of benefits, research in M2M communication still in its

infancy and faces many technical challenges. These challenges include M2M Architecture, M2M communication's Energy Efficiency issues, and M2M cost

effectiveness, M2M Reliability, M2M Privacy, Persistency and Security

When two electronic systems communicate without human intervention, the process is described as Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications. The main

goal of M2M communications is to enable the sharing of information between electronic systems autonomously without human intervention [15, 16].

to the emergence and rapid adoption of wireless technologies, the ubiquity of electronic control systems, and the increasing complexity of software

systems, wireless M2M has been attracting a lot of attention from industry and academia [17, 18, 19, 20]. M2M

communications, but recent interest has focused on wireless M2M communications [21]. Moreover, the number of wireless devices (not including

phones) which operate without human interaction (e.g. weather stations, electricity meters, point of sales devices), is expected to grow to

billion by 2014 [22] Recent research efforts on M2M communications have investigated areas that include network energy efficiency and

networking, the tradeoff between device power consumption and device intelligence or processing power, standardization of communications, data

aggregation and bandwidth, privacy and security, and network scalability

Architecture

High-level M2M Architecture Provides an overview of the components of a system as well as relationship between the individual components. It provides

the starting point for a stepwise approach to the description of the functional architecture. This second presentation of the architecture provides a

more formal description of the interactions between functions within the system, where each function can be mapped into components of the high-level

system architecture

Although every particular deployment of M2M is unique, there are four basic stages that are common to most M2M based applications

i) Collection of

ii) Transmission of data through a communication 

iii) Assessment of data

iv) Response to the

The ETSI [23] produces globally-applicable standards for Information and Communications Technologies, including fixed, mobile, radio, converged

broadcast and Internet technologies. A new ETSI Technical Committee [23] is developing standards for M2M Communications. This group aims to provide

an end-to-end view of M2M standardization cooperating with ETSI's activities on Next Generation Networks and 3GPP standards initiative for mobile

communication technologies

ETSI TC M2M has adopted the following Architecture which allows for a common understanding of the system that is under standardization .This high

level architecture fully endorses the need for M2M service capabilities that are exposed towards applications, be it in the network, the device or in

the gateway. One important aspect of this high-level system view is that it provides an end-to-end representation of an M2M system. However not all

elements of this architecture are targeted as standardization work in ETSI TC M2M .That group fully recognizes that M2M communications will maximize

the usage of already deployed access and core networks as well any other form of local and personal area networks

As per the definition the architecture of Machine to Machine Communication system is composed of three domains i.e. M2M node domain ,M2M Network

domain and Application domain .M2M node domain is used to sense the activity under area of interest and collecting the data for further processing

M2M node domain is combine with Gateway or Router (optional) Second domain is M2M Network domain -the importance of this domain is for transferring

and processing the collected or directly sensed data and last one is theM2M Application domain

So whole the system of M2M communication is composed of three domains: namely

i) M2M device domain

ii) Network domain (iii)

In this section we will discuss about the detailed architecture of M2M Communication. As shown in Fig.1, architecture of M2M consists of sensor nodes

network domain, and application domains . Sensor Node domain is same as M2M node domain in M2M communication

M2M node Domain: In theM2M node domain, an area network is potentially formed by a large number of M2M nodes {N0, N1 .} and an M2M Gateway (GW

Each M2M node Ni is a very flexible and smart device equipped with some specific sensing technology for real-time monitoring. Once monitoring data

are sensed, M2M nodes will make intelligent decision and transmit the sensory data packets to the GW in single-hop or multihop patterns

Network domain provides cost-effective and reliable channels for transmitting sensory data packets from the Sensor domain to the application domain

Again Network domain can be divided in two parts

M2M Area Network

M2M Access Network

M2M area network: a generic term referring to any network topology providing physical and MAC layer connectivity between different M2M devices

connected to the same M2M area network or allowing M2M device to gain access to public network via router or gateway

The term M2M area network was used by ETSI TS102690 Technical specification [24] first time.M2M area network is the first communicating tool after

sensing providing physical and MAC layer connectivity between different M2M devices in same Area network or allowing to convey the data to the public

network via router or gateway