The Wireless Generator Start Stop System

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Introduction about Project

We are interfacing the circuit with GSM module so that generator can be operated from remote place.

In this system if we send sms (START), the generator starts working and if we send sms (STOP), the generator stops working.

Also, we can get the feedback from generator, whenever the fuel level goes below the normal level. The same thing is applicable for any change in temperature of the system.

To achieve this, testing will need to be carried out to create a useful system.

The report consists of a background into the area of 8051 microcontroller and mobile communication, how they are interfaced to each other and AT (Attention) commands set used in communication.

The microcontroller pulls the SMS received by phone, decodes it, and recognizes the Mobile no.

The switches on the relays attached to its port to control the appliances. After successful operation, controller sends back the acknowledgement to the user’s mobile through SMS.

1.2 Brief Introduction of 8051

When we have to learn about a new computer we have to familiarize about the machine capability we are using, and we can do it by studying the internal hardware design (devices architecture), and also to know about the size, number and the size of the registers.

A microcontroller is a single chip that contains the processor (the CPU), non-volatile memory for the program (ROM or flash), volatile memory for input and output (RAM), a clock and an I/O control unit.

Also called a "computer on a chip," billions of microcontroller units (MCUs) are embedded each year in a myriad of products from toys to appliances to automobiles. For example, a single vehicle can use 70 or more microcontrollers. The following picture describes a general block diagram of microcontroller.

Fig 1.2.1 Microcontoller 89s52

89s52

The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory.

The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out.

The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer.

By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller, which provides a highly flexible and cost-effective solution to many, embedded control applications.

Fig 1.2.2 Microcontroller 89s52

8K bytes of Flash Memory

256 bytes of RAM

32 I/O lines

Three 16-bit timer/counters

A full duplex serial port

On-chip oscillator

The pin diagram of the 8051 shows all of the input/output pins unique to microcontrollers:

Fig 1.3 Pin Configuration Of 8051

Chapter: 2

BLOCK DIAGRAM AND ALGORITHEM

2.1 Block Diagram of System

Fig 2.1 Block Diagram of System

2.2 FLOW CHART

Fig 2.2FLOW CHART

2.3 Algorithm of the System

ALGORITHEM

ALGORITHEM

ALGORITHEM

ALGORITHEM

ALGORITHEM

Chapter: 3

WORKING MODEL DISCRIPTION

Fig 3.1PCB DESIGN

Fig 3.2 CONNECTION DIAGRAM

3.1 PROCEDURE

When supply is given to the circuit, first of all the parameters like voltage, current, temperature, frequency, fuel level will be checked. A buzzer will rings at every 5 seconds of time duration, ringing of buzzer indicate that microcontroller will check that weather any sms is there from mobile or not. If sms come from mobile than controller will start work on it.

Now if we send ’START’ sms from mobile to specified simcard no. provided on GSM at far distance, the generator will start to operate by getting signal from microcontroller.

Once the generator is started microcontroller will check all the parameters & will display on LCD & give sms of that data to the mobile no.

We can change the reset value of voltage, current, temperature by sms, this procedure can be done manually also. Different codes for different parameters are as below.

VV

VOLTAGE

XX

CURRENT

WW

TEMPERATURE

UU

RESET CIRCUIT

If any parameter value goes below the preset limit, the generator will stop working, there will be buzzer ring constantly & that status will send to mobile.

In this system fuel level is from 0-4 level, if level reaches to level 1, immediately microcontroller send a alert sms of low fuel.

3.2 MERITS

The generator can be operated from remote place by SMS which saves time.

The generator will be safe in over voltage, over current and temperature rise. This will protect motor from being damaged.

No highly skilled person needed to operate this.

User friendly.

Flexible.

The system is designed on microcontroller. Hence the size of the component is reduced.

The Generator can be Started or Stopped by sending an SMS to the generator from anywhere in the world. Used in conjunction with the alert you can decide when to turn on and off your generator.

When the generator is in automatic mode it will starts-up when the power fails and in doing

So sends an SMS to predetermined phone numbers

Chapter: 4

VARIOUS DATA SHEETS

4.1 Pin Description of 89s52

VCC: Supply voltage.

GND: Ground.

Port 0: Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high impedance inputs.

Port 0 can also be configured to be the multiplexed lower order address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode, P0 has internal pull ups.

Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming and outputs the code bytes during program verification.

External pull ups are required during program verification.

Port 1: Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull ups.

The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs.

When 1s are written to Port 2 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull ups. The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull ups.

In addition, P1.0 and P1.1 can be configured to be the

Timer/counter 2 external count input (P1.0/T2) and the

Timer/counter 2 trigger input (P1.1/T2EX).

Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verification.

Pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull ups.

Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that uses 16-bit addresses (MOVX @DPTR).

In this application, Port 2 uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that uses 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register.

Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification.

Port 3

Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull ups.

The Port 3 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs.

When 1s are written to Port 3 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pull ups.

Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89S52, as shown in the following table.

Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming and verification.

RST

Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device. This pin drives

High for 96 oscillator periods after the Watchdog times out.

The DISRTO bit in SFR AUXR (address 8EH) can be used to disable this feature. In the default state of bit DISRTO, the RESET HIGH out feature is enabled.

ALE/PROG

Address Latch Enable (ALE) is an output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Flash programming.

In normal operation, ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note, however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external data memory.

If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit set, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in external execution mode.

PSEN

Program Store Enable (PSEN) is the read strobe to external program memory.

When the AT89S52 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data memory.

EA/VPP

External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH.

EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions.

This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage (VPP) during Flash programming.

XTAL1

Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.

XTAL2

Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.

4.2 MAX232

Meets or Exceeds TIA/EIA-232-F and ITU

Recommendation V.28 Operates From a Single 5-V Power Supply With 1.0-_F Charge-Pump Capacitor Operates Up To 120 kbit/s

Two Drivers and Two Receivers

±30-V Input Levels

Low Supply Current . . . 8 mA Typical

ESD Protection Exceeds JESD 22

2000-V Human-Body Model (A114-A)

Upgrade With Improved ESD (15-kV HBM)and 0.1-_F Charge-Pump Capacitors is Available With the MAX202

Applications: TIA/EIA-232-F, Battery-Powered Systems, Terminals, Modems, and Computers

4.3 ADC 0809

General Description

The ADC0808, ADC0809 data acquisition component is a monolithic CMOS device with an 8-bit analog-to-digital converter, 8-channel multiplexer and microprocessor compatible control logic.

The 8-bit A/D converter uses successive approximation as the conversion technique. The converter features a high impedance chopper stabilized comparator, a 256R voltage divider with analog switch tree and a successive approximation register.

The 8-channel multiplexer can directly access any of 8-single-ended analog signals.

The device eliminates the need for external zero and full-scale adjustments.

Easy interfacing to microprocessors is provided by the latched and decoded multiplexer address inputs and latched TTL TRI-STATE outputs.

The design of the ADC0808, ADC0809 has been optimized by incorporating the most desirable aspects of several A/D conversion techniques.

The ADC0808, ADC0809 offers high speed, high accuracy, minimal temperature dependence, excellent long-term accuracy and repeatability, and consumes minimal power. These features make this device ideally suited to applications from process and machine control to consumer and automotive applications.

Features

Easy interface to all microprocessors

Operates ratio metrically or with 5 VDC or analog span adjusted voltage reference

No zero or full-scale adjust required

8-channel multiplexer with address logic

0V to VCC input range

Outputs meet TTL voltage level specifications

ADC0808 equivalent to MM74C949

ADC0809 equivalent to MM74C949-1

Key Specifications

Resolution 8 Bits

Total Unadjusted Error ±½ LSB and ±1 LSB

Single Supply 5 VDC

Low Power 15 mW

Conversion Time 100 μs

4.4 GSM MODULE

Designed for global market, SIM300 is a Tri-band GSM/GPRS engine that works on frequencies EGSM 900 MHz, DCS 1800 MHz and PCS 1900 MHz. SIM300 features GPRS multi-slot class 10/ class 8 (optional) and supports the GPRS coding schemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4.

With a tiny configuration of 40mm x 33mm x 2.85mm, SIM300 can fit almost all the space requirements in your applications, such as smart phone, PDA phone and other mobile devices.

The physical interface to the mobile application is made through a 60 pins board-to-board connector, which provides all hardware interfaces between the module and customers’ boards except the RF antenna interface.

The keypad and SPI display interface will give you the flexibility to develop customized applications.

Serial port and Debug port can help you easily develop your applications.

Two audio channels include two microphones inputs and two speaker outputs. This can be easily configured by AT command.

The SIM300 provides RF antenna interface with two alternatives: antenna connector and antenna pad. The antenna connector is MURATA MM9329-2700. And customer’s antenna can be soldered to the antenna pad.

The SIM300 is designed with power saving technique; the current consumption is as low as 2.5mA in SLEEP mode.

The SIM300 is integrated with the TCP/IP protocol; extended TCP/IP AT commands are developed for customers to use the TCP/IP protocol easily, which is very useful for those data transfer applications.

4.5 TEMPRATURE SENSOR (LM35)

The LM158 series consists of two independent, high gain, internally frequency compensated operational amplifiers which were designed specifically to operate from a single power supply over a wide range of voltages.

Operation from split power supplies is also possible and the low power supply current drain is independent of the magnitude of the power supply voltage.

Application areas include transducer amplifiers, dc gain blocks and all the conventional op amp circuits which now can be more easily implemented in single power supply systems.

For example, the LM158 series can be directly operated off of the standard +5V power supply voltage which is used in digital systems and will easily provide the required interface electronics without requiring the additional ±15V power supplies.

The LM358 and LM2904 are available in a chip sized package (8-Bump micro SMD) using National’s micro SMD package technology.

FEATURE

Available in 8-Bump micro SMD chip sized package,

(See AN-1112)

Internally frequency compensated for unity gain

Large dc voltage gain: 100 dB

Wide bandwidth (unity gain): 1 MHz

(temperature compensated)

Wide power supply range:

Single supply: 3V to 32V

Dual supplies: ±1.5V to ±16V

Very low supply current drain (500 μA)—essentially

Independent of supply voltage

Low input offset voltage: 2 mV

Input common-mode voltage range includes ground

Differential input voltage range equal to the power

Large output voltage swing

4.6 POWER SUPPLY

Fig No 4.1 Block Diagram of Power Supply

All electronic components generally require 5 volt D.C. supply for their operation. So A.C. supply is then step down. Now this A.C.

Power is converted into D.C. power by rectification process.

There may be some ripple coming out of rectifying unit is bypassed by connecting the capacitor in parallel for filter dc voltage.

Microcontroller, LCD module, and other certain IC requires 5V DC supply for their operation we need a regulated uninterrupted 5V DC supply. This block involves production of 5V DC supply for whole circuit.

Chapter: 5

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

There are so many industries which need 24 hours power. So they develop their own mini power plants. If there are any faults in main system at that time we make manual operation to run mini power plant generator. Due to this there is so much time consume. Here, if we provide this system so there are no needs of manual operation and we get constant power in very short time.

We can get the feedback from generator, whenever the fuel level goes below the normal level. The same thing is applicable for any change in temperature of the system.

Also if any parameter goes below the preset limit, also a feedback message is there from the circuit and also generator stop to working. This procedure is applicable in any kind of fault also.