The Principles Behind Project Management Systems

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Answer: Business rationalization: Every scheme should guide to a valuable go back on speculation. In other words, we require appreciating the reimbursement that a exacting scheme will transport, previous to consign ourselves to any noteworthy spending. During the lifecycle of a plan, however, situation can change rapidly. If at any position it becomes obvious that a come back on outlay is no longer possible, then the mission should be piece and no more money exhausted.

Focal point on products: It is very important that customers and customers believe carefully about the goods, or deliverables, they have need of, prior to the mission begins. The clearer they can be about their necessities, the more pragmatic and realizable the tactics that can be shaped. This makes administration the plan much easier and less uncertain.

Direct by exemption: Project supporter should steer clear of getting too bogged down in the day-to-day running of mission and as an alternative allow the venture director to concentrate on this region. Micro-management by a mission sponsor is a obstruction, not a facilitate. Project sponsors should set clear limitations for cost and time, with which the mission director should work. If he/she cannot offer the fixed deliverables within this limitation, concern must be escalating to the sponsor for a verdict.

Appraise the viability of projects showing how/success failure criteria of projects are developed.

Answer: The project achievement criterion is to distribute projects comportment in brain the business drivers. Key Performance Indicators is a technique used to calculate the reimbursement increase from dependability of the project.

These grant an approaching to the span of the project. The presentation indicators are:

Recognized by the customers at the beginning of the project and are planned on a main concern basis. Associated with the construction objectives.

Able to make significant judgment based on Key performance for the project.

Provide proof to be a stand for goods to be established by the customers.

It's a quantitative method and it's assessable.

To produce a project success criteria based on KPI is not sufficient, and aim need to be set. These set targets need to be sensible and attainable at the conclusion.

Explain the principles behind project management systems and procedures.

Answer: The reason of project management is to make sure project achievement in gathering the program, the financial statement and your prospect. The development planned here, based on the Project Management, is proven, effectual and well-known to the proposed project team.

Infrastructure Management

The purpose of infrastructure management is to contribute to the right in sequence, at the right time, with the right people, and in the right arrangement. Good infrastructure management means burn up effort on converse in order which contributes to project achievement or where be deficient in of information can lead to disappointment. We will do this by identifying the right objective spectators for dissimilar group of infrastructure.

Both official and casual methods will be used to split information. Official statement methods are those that go after well defined events, while casual communications are more casual. Weekly rank news that contains information about development and subject are a well known formal message tool. Other examples include judgment requests, and danger logs. Voice mail messages and discussion over have lunch or coffee is examples of casual communications which we will document when pertinent.

Completion

Communications Management is implemented through three vital processes, all of which will be a combined blame. The processes are:

Identification: Process of recognize information to be common, when it should be distributed, who should receive it, and how it should be prepared;

Coverage: process of bring together and preparing the information; and,

Allocation: process of distribute the information, and for recognized communications, storing the information in the project archive.

A weekly status report will be used to speak progress and issue at a weekly status meeting.

Quality Management

The purpose of Quality Management is to guarantee that the correct things have been done. Its range is far broader than that of difficult where the center is on proving that the specifications have been accurately translated into a working system. Quality Management is a business centric approach that is involved in all aspects of the development process. The goal is to assure that the system will achieve the business objectives for both today and tomorrow's user community.

Quality management has a role to play throughout project development:

Requirements: assure that the user requirements have been accurately understood by the business analyst and translated in a manner that both allow the developers to produce the correct system and testers to create the correct test cases.

Development: assure that all appropriate standards and development practices are follow, to assist the growth team to resolve any irregularity between provision or requirements while assuring that all the business needs are still met.

Acceptance Testing: assure that the testing is complete, that all the business functions meet the user requirements, that the test data used reflects the true business data, and that the testing has been adequate to express that the system will perform in the production situation

Implementation

Quality Management practices will be implemented in the following areas:

Standards will be urbanized and compulsory to assure that all system deliverables meet the needs of the project team and will continue to provide value after implementation:

Consistent use of business terms

Documentation: Business cases, business rules, user supplies, development provision, use-cases, test cases, user training material, user acceptance test specifications, release description

Curriculum: Common templates and layouts, database contact, exception handling

Reviews: Conduct reviews of design and code for critical components of the systems to verify and increase their accuracy, to assure maintainability, and to assure the use of industry best practices.

Explain the key elements involved in terminating projects and conducting post-projects appraisal.

Answer: The main Principles of terminating projects and conducting post-project appraisal are:

Every project should come to an order.

Everyone who has make available hold up for the project should be inform of its slam, so that they can plan for the return of the resources provided for that support.

Project proceedings should be keep hold of to help out with probable review or the manufacture of approximation metrics.

Process Description:

Ensure that all project products have been approved and handed over to the Customer or User

Confirm that the delivered products meet any needs defined in the Customers specification

Confirm that the correct operational and maintenance environment is in place 

Task 2 – Project organization and people

Your manager is very pleased with the material you have produced and has asked you to include some additional slides on the organization and people required for a successful project.

Identify the most appropriate organizational structure, roles, responsibilities and participants including resources for controlling and coordinating the project. Assess project leadership requirements and qualities and plan and specify human resources and requirements for a project in a brief report.

Answer: There are many factors that go into formative a company's proper managerial structure. For example, sometimes nearness is important in raising an organizational structure. Therefore, a company will adopt a physical organizational structure to better service regional customers. Sales forces are often centered on physical structures. Marketing department may also be decentralized because customer preferences vary greatly by region. Proper organizational structure can also vary flanked by companies of various sizes.

Sometimes, a client- or market-oriented organization is suitable. Companies that service a assorted group of clients may need to configuration their association by customer type. For example, a small electronic payment company may offer services to customers, business, monetary institution and health clubs. Consequently, the owner may estimate it proper to have an undo sales, advertising and monetary management team for each customer type.

An effective project leader is often describing as having an apparition of where to go and the ability to eloquent it. Visionary thrive on modify and being able to illustrate new limitations. It was once said that a leader is someone who "lifts us up, gives us a reason for being and gives the vision and character to change." Visionary leaders enable people to feel they have a real stake in the project. They empower people to experience the vision on their own. The ability to exchange a few words with people at all intensity is almost always named as the second most important skill by project managers and team members. Project leadership calls for clear contact about objective, blame, performance, expectations and feedback.

There is a great deal of value placed on openness and directness. The project leader is also the team's link to the larger organization. The leader must have the ability to effectively negotiate and use persuasion when necessary to ensure the success of the team and project. Through effective communication, project leaders support individual and team achievements by creating explicit guidelines for accomplishing results and for the career advancement of team members.

One of the most significant things a project leader must remember is that his or her actions, and not words, set the modus operandi for the team. Good leadership demands commitment to, and demonstration of, ethical practices. Creating standards for ethical behavior for oneself and living by these principles, as well as rewarding those who exemplify these practices, are responsibilities of project leaders. Leadership motivated by self-interest does not serve the well being of the team. Leadership based on integrity represents nothing less than a set of values others share, behavior consistent with values and commitment to honesty with self and team members. In other words the leader "walks the talk" and in the process get trust.

Task 3 – Project processes and procedures

a) Preparing project plans and establishing the project organization

Answer:

The way that the project team is prepared is directly connected to the way the complete organization is planned. There are three major organization structures to manage work and people.

Functionally Based 

In a functional organization, a project team is employees with people from the same division. All the possessions wanted for the project team come from the purposeful organization. For instance, if the project is associated to the investment occupation, the project resources come from the Finance Division. If you need IT, finance and legal resources, they would all be available from within the Finance Division.

Project Based 

When projects are large enough, it's possible to form functional departments within the project team. This is especially practical when a large program has hundreds of people assigned over a long period of time. Advantages include clear authority, since the project manager is also the functional manager, and a clear focus, since everyone on the team has only the project for his primary responsibility.

Matrix Based 

Matrix organizations allow functional departments to focus on their specific business competencies and allow projects to be staffed with specialists from throughout the organization. For instance, Database Administrators may all report to one functional department, but would be allocated out to work on various projects in other departments. A Legal resource might report to the Legal Department, but be assigned to a project in another department that needs legal expertise. It is common for people to report to one person in the functional organization, while working for one or two project managers from other departments.

b) Applying project scheduling, estimating and cost control techniques

Answer: Unhappily for most of us the cost estimating of most projects is not very easy and usually it takes the combination of several different techniques and tools to arrive an accurate estimation. There are two approaches basically to estimating a projects cost the top-down and the bottom-up estimating techniques.

The less accurate approach is top-down usually, but not always. it is a function of that how experienced the estimator(s) and which methods used to arrive at the top-down figures . however generally, the top down estimate detailed is less as it relies for the results principally on analogy , and often used for rough indication of project cost or project selection, what is a bid price potential might be, and for determining planning approaches and general strategies.

The bottom-up is more detailed approach because it goes to the lowest level of WBS and cost the individual work packages, it is clear that each work packages is assigned a cost and duration, there are several tools and techniques available, as follows.

Analogy

Analogy is comparing one project with another similar project or sub element analogy can be used at any level of cost or schedule estimating for Example a company contracted to built a house same as the made one last year, to get the rough estimate of the cost of the new house the project manager can compare the size, location and general amenities with a comparable cost, that he can provide that the two houses are comparable enough in a geographic locations .

Parametric modeling

Looks in one measure in terms of another parametric is also called a cost estimating relationship of one measurement in terms of another.

Vendor bids

It is comparing the bids price of one vendor against another. The word price used here. The difference between cost and price is the additional money in terms of overhead and profit added to cost to obtain price.

Contingency reserve

It is usually money but also it can be schedule, to be used if identified risk event occurs, and these risks and events can be identified on the time of planning phase, if a risk event occurs , funds are available to implement the strategies to get the project back on track .

c) An analysis of the methods used to measure project performance

Answer:

In measuring performance, we are trying to gather information to help us make management decisions to affect change, then hopefully the performance will improve for Example project performance measures are undertaken to provide information for managers in order to have control over the project, and those measures must appropriate to the organizational level that can immediately affect change based on. Project performance is determining the value of the project in it organizations.

d) Explain project change control procedures and how the completed project is evaluated.

Answer:

A project will change during some points change will come to manage the impact to the project plan budget and implantation schedule , there are many change control methods are that a project managers may use any good change methodology will have 4 components these are listed below ,

change request forum

change review and evaluation

change priority and classification

change approval

Evaluation is a process which supports a project, by measuring the extent to which the objectives are met and also it encourages decisions to be taken, including changes to the objectives and the project methodology.