The History Of The Speedster Nabber

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Speedster Nabber

Abstract— The basic idea of the project to nab the speed violators and impose fine upon them within a few seconds of time from a distant control room without having the need to constantly monitor the vehicle’s speed (that the traffic officials usually do).The speed limits of different regions are already fed in the GPS system of the vehicle and if the vehicle is seen to be exceeding the speed limit (that is already fed in the GPS), then an information is sent to the corresponding traffic officials about the particulars of the owner of the vehicle ,the vehicle and the GPS location through a GSM server and the driver as well is notified of this using an alarm present within the vehicle. Herein, the SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) is already fed with the contact number of traffic officials who may then impose an online fine to the owner of the vehicle just within a matter of seconds.

Index Terms—Microcontroller (8051), GPS (Global positioning system), GSM, Alarm, Maxim232.

I.Introduction

The research conducted by NHTSA[1] has shown that crashes in which any one of the drivers when exceeds the prescribed speed-limit has resulted in tremendous losses to the American government that could go in billions , that represents about 20% of the gross economic losses that the American government faces in a year. Annually, about half of the road crashes were due to exceeding the speed-limits, i.e., either one of the drivers of the vehicles involved in the crash exceeded the speed-limit. In 2002, 13,713 [2] persons, about 32 percent of all motor vehicle traffic fatalities, were killed in speeding-related crashes. After reaching a high of 16,947 in 1986, speeding-related fatalities declined to a low of 12,592 in 1993 and thereafter maintaining a relatively constant trend up to 2000. However, since 2000, the number of speeding-related fatalities has been increasing every year. This is the very reason this idea is being proposed here in order to cut the number of speed-related accidents

II.GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

The Global Positioning System (GPS) [3] is a location system based on about 24 satellites orbiting the earth. The base for GPS was developed by the American government in the 1940s along with other military utilities such as LORAN and Deccan navigator. The American government developed the GPS by investing billions of dollars for the sole purpose of using it in military applications. And although this was developed for military purposes, it proved to be of great importance in a civilian as well as a non-civilian’s life. If there is a free line of sight to at least four GPS satellites, the position and velocity of an object in absolute coordinates can be computed Data transmitted by the satellites are freely accessible at any time worldwide Real-time kinematic (R T K ) technology, which makes GPS measurement accuracy extend down n into the ± 1 cm range, is a high precision surveying method developed in recent years This techno logy is already used in various areas, particularly in vehicle monitoring and con tro1 [8].

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III.GSM

A GSM system can be into the following:

mobile station

the base station sub system

the network subsystem.

In 1984 France and Germany agreed to run joint R&D trials of emerging digital cellular radio technologies. It was essentially a competition between leading French and German technology companies to have their digital mobile technology chosen by the state monopoly mobile operators in France and Germany for a future digital cellular radio service .In 1985 the agreement was extended to include Italy[10].

A GSM controller is basically used for forwarding/sending the measured/data values to the recipient having another GSM mobile phone.

A typical list of networking instruments include a wireless Ethernet converter (also called as a wireless Ethernet adapter, wireless Ethernet bridge ),GSM controller,RS-485 to RS-232 port value converter, USB(Universal Serial bus) converter, and Ethernet converter.

A.FEATURES OF A GSM CONTROLLER

We monitor/alarm/control using a single GSM mobile phone that too by just sending an SMS. We can do this from anywhere around the world.

There are eight relay outputs

There are eight channels of input (analog) with a rating of (4-20) mA.

There are also eight switch inputs, normal open/close alarms.

We can enable or disable analog-input-alarm by sending a single SMS.

We can also enable/disable the switch-input-alarm.

The system can be preset to either 4 mA or 20 mA input in accordance to the real measuring value. And it is capable of getting the measuring data through an SMS when requested upon.Ex: CH1=32,CH2=59.9 and CH3=6.9………………………..CH3=239.4 ACV.

We can also set/reset the relay output just by sending/forwarding an SMS to the respective mobile number.

Each and every setting value is saved in the EPROM of the IC and has no losses while performing this operation.

The mobile phone can call-out all of the channel measuring values including the status of the switch input and relay output .

An LCD display screen can be used to display the status of the switch input and relay output and the analog input signals,

We can feed-in more than one-number and the message may be forwarded to more than one mobile numbers.

Once the SMS command is sent by the cell-phone, a confirmation message is sent back to sender as to whether the message has been successfully delivered or not.

It has a wide range, is innovative by nature and is has no limitations to any extent.

IV.MAX232

The MAX232 [6] has dual functions, it can work as a driver/receiver including a capacitive-voltage generator in order to supply TIA/EIA 232-F voltage levels that too from a 5volt supply. The threshold of these receivers is 1.3 V, and they have a typical hysteresis of 0.5 V, and are capable of taking-in ±30-V inputs.

.MAX232 is compatible with RS-232 standard, and consists of dual transceiver. Each receiver converts TIA/EIA-232-Elevels into 5V TTL/CMOS levels. Each driver converts TTL/COMS levels into TIA/EIA-232-E levels. The MAX232 is characterized for operation from -40°C to +85°C for all packages.

MAX232 is purposed for application in high-performance information processing systems and control devices of wide

application.

A.FEATURES

Input voltage levels are compatible with standard СMOS levels

Output voltage levels are compatible with EIA/TIA-232-E levels

Single Supply voltage: 5V

Low input current: 0.1μA at ТA= 25 °С

Output current: 24mA

Latching current not less than 450mA at ТA= 25°С

The transmitter outputs and receiver inputs are protected to }15kV Air ESD

Operates Up To 120 kbit/s

Two Drivers and Two Receivers

±30-V Input Levels

Low Supply Current

Upgrade With Improved ESD (15-kV HBM) [9]

B.APPLICATIONS

TIA/EIA-232-F

Battery-operated RS232 Systems

Terminals

They can be employed in modems

And they as well have wide applications in computers

V.MICROCONTROLLER 8051

The microcontroller incorporates all the features that are found in microprocessor. The microcontroller has built in ROM, RAM, Input Output ports, Serial Port; this is an 8 bit microcontroller. 8 bit microcontroller means it can read write and process 8 bit data. 8051 microcontroller. Basically 8 bit specifies the size of data bus. 8 bit microcontroller means 8 bit data can travel on the data bus or we can read, write process 8 bit data. Timers, interrupts and clock circuit.

A.INPUT AND OUTPUT PORTS

There are four input output ports available P0, P1, P2, P3.

Each and every single port has its own special function register and is 8-bits wide.

And likewise, all of these four ports are bit addressable i.e., can be set or reset by 8-bit microcontroller instructions

The port 0 can have dual features. It can be used as a general purpose I/O port or can also be used as multiplexed address and data bus.

Port 2 has dual functions; it can either be used as an I/O port or can also be used as an address bus (A8-A15).

Port 3 also has dual functions on its own, it can be either used as an i/o port or each of its pins can have their own functions.

P3.0 – RXD –

Serial I / P for Asynchronous communication

Serial O / P for synchronous communication.

P3.1 – TXD – Serial data transmit.

P3.2 – INT0 – External Interrupt 0.

P3.3 – INT1 – External Interrupt 1.

P3.4 – T0 – Clock input for counter 0.

P3.5 – T1 – Clock input for counter 1.

P3.6 – WR – Signal for writing to external memory.

P3.7 – RD – Signal for reading from external memory.

89c51

Fig. Microcontroller pin diagram

VI.NATURE OF WORK

A GPS based server is placed inside the vehicle.

This GPS based server will be designated an individual ID with the particulars of the owner of that vehicle. This GPS based server is interfaced with a microcontroller. This microcontroller is further interfaced with the speedometer of the vehicle.

The GPS installed in the vehicles is already fed with the speed limits of all the regions (highways etc.) And this speed of the vehicle is continuously monitored by the microcontroller and matches the value with the speed limit. The microcontroller compares the value with help of a comparator. And if suppose the value of speed exceeds the speed limit, then an information is instantly sent to the traffic officials with the help of the online server. We can also inform the driver of that particular vehicle by indicating him/her through an alarm based system. For doing so we have proposed to used the music system of the vehicle.

A.ADVANTAGES

It may be cost effective in nature.

The number of traffic cops on highways could be reduced

Fast and fine can be imposed within seconds

The driver is alerted before a possible collision

Fig.6.1. Block Diagram

From the following pictorial representation of the block diagram we can see that we have employed three different MCS-51(8051) ICs which are interfaced with GPS, GSM, Tachometer and a comparator that might compare the values collected from the tachometer .The only reason for using three different ICs is solely due to the fact that there are only single receiver (RxD) and transmitter (TxD) pins in an individual 8051 IC.

P3.0: RxD (Used as a serial input port)

P3.1: TxD (Used as a serial output port)

VII.Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank Mr.Gopinathan for providing us with the basics and thereby building our basics. SA.Santhosh would like to thank Mrs. Rupali Singh and especially, Mr.Ramesh for providing me access to IEEE papers that really helped in collecting every bit of information that was required for this paper.

VIII.CONCLUSION

In this letter we have proposed to employ this method in the vehicles so that it may provide as a cheaper and an efficient alternative than making traffic officials to attend to such offenders personally wherein those officials can stand beneficial in curbing other offenses.

This paper can thereby be used to develop this idea further on a higher scale and may be highly helpful for the government if this idea is implemented.