The History Of System Development Life Cycle

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

A knowledge management system is system which is combining by large amounts of information. Including the knowledge produce by all employees and can be distribute to colleagues or customers by difference ways like internet and intranet. You can use the knowledge anytime and anywhere. Knowledge management system is for the efficiency of work, encourage innovation and improve competitive advantage. It includes all knowledge and expertise in the company and can from different departments. The knowledge management system is a good way to collects all the knowledge and experience in the company. Knowledge management system can let personal knowledge share to whole company. User can create, modify, delete, renew and share all the information though the system and turn tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge easily.

Benefit of using Knowledge Management System

Using the knowledge management system can increase the efficiency of work and reduce the decision time. Users can use any knowledge in the system to accomplish the work. The information also can be distributes to other colleagues easily and convenient. The knowledge can share though the network like internet and intranet. That mean the user can publish the information at home. The knowledge management system can use for training and learning. The employees can learn from the knowledge management system. Learn more to improve the technology and improve the speed of innovation. And innovations also return to knowledge and let the knowledge management system become larger and larger. And that is an infinite loop, the more people learn from the system, the more innovation come out, and become knowledge again. It need popularize to whole company to gain the biggest advantage. The knowledge management system can sort the information by different category so it can manage different type of information clearly. Using the knowledge management system can integrate and encourage employees to share the knowledge to improve the competitive strength continuously. It can become the resource management of the company. And the knowledge management system will be the most important asset in the company. The knowledge management system becomes the most important assets when competition with other companies. Many a little makes a mickle, the knowledge base become large the more advantage have. For a call centre, the more information gets the more potential customer gets.

Information gathering

Questionnaire

Questionnaire survey is recommended in a large company. It can collect large amounts of information but not take up too much time. It doesn’t need lots of survey workers. That is a low cost high efficiency way to collect a large amount of opinions. The questionnaire can set up lots of default questions and some open questions. Default questions can be satisfaction and open questions can be the option of the information system. Another advantage is the result can be count easier for statistics. The questionnaire surveys also can though the network, using the email to send out and collect the result is more effective, save more time and workers. And they can do the survey anytime and anywhere. To analyze the information system, it is a great method to know how the large amount users feel about the system and how satisfaction they are.

Interview

Interview is a good way to collect the information that directly and exactly what we want. It can exactly reflect how users feeling but it take time in a large company and it needs to match the time of interviewee. However interview survey is interactive so the survey is adjustable. The interview survey is fewer restrictions. Also more opinions get and can be more thorough. It is a good way to find out what should be improved and why they are not satisfy. The questions can be planned and controllable. The result is relatively complete and focused; the result is higher quality than questionnaire. The answers may be unexpected so interview survey can get more additional opinions.

System Development Life Cycle

System development life cycle is a sequence of steps and purpose to collect information from an organization, process and summaries, document it and produce a structured specification for a new/upgraded system. System development life cycle used for developing, implementing, maintaining and or replacing an information system. System Development Life Cycle let developer following a path and the basic steps.

The SDLC should be:

User requirement

Feasibility Study

Requirement Analysis

Design

Coding

Testing

Implementation

Maintenance/Review

Using system development life cycle is an effective way to design a system. Developer can follow the system development life cycle steps to increase the quality of the system. Developers follow the system development life cycle to reduce mistake making. They know the direction of development and let the development process more completely. The developers can efficient allocation of resources, scheduling the time table and planning completely.

Data flow diagram

Fig.1

Hard approach

The hard approach methodology is a high structured approach to the analysis of information systems. One of the hard approach methodologies is SSADM. It is a mature methodology. And has good defining of document and technology. It is very suitable for large project. Another hard methodology rapid analysis and design is for rapid. It is good for doing small project. Regardless of which, hard approach methodologies follow a logical sequence of steps adheres to rules, guidelines and standards. Hard approach focus on the procedures. Using a hard approach to analyze the information system to keep all the procedures work associated with each step is processing. The progress will work on schedule and effective. It has a clear solution to processing problems. It ensures all procedures are thorough planning and scheduling. That makes sure all objective defined for each step is correct and in order. That mean the progress is more controllable than using soft approach. Following the default procedures let you make fewer decisions. So, it can reduce the decision time of procedures. The developer will follow the schedule that it is more controllable on time and human resources. It lets the management of resources more effective and everything is in expected. So it reduces the chance of making mistakes and mismatch of resources.

CATWOE analysis

CATWOE is word combining of:

C = customers/clients

A = actors/agents

T = transformations

W = world view

O = owners

E = environment

CATWOE analysis helps differentiate and sort the people, processes and external factors involved in the Information system that is being analyzed. Using CATWOE analysis because that can improve the productivity and quality assurance, and this is considering for the customers and users need. That can reduce problem make and accord to customer’s requirement.

At first, we need to ask why customers/client dissatisfaction with the existing system and how they react to the new system. That is important to know how to improve the system and fit to the customers need and we can enhance that directly.

Next is actors/agents, they are directly involved with the system. We need to consider what impact of a new system on them and how they react to it. We need to let them feel it easy to use and integration with the old data. They purpose to do their jobs more efficient.

We also need to consider the transformations. We need to know what happen to the data. Considering the data input, output and how they process. It is an important part when system developing. We need to consider how to code the system and do the right thing that customers want. And developer need the correct procedure to develop the system, it is important and decide a system work or not.

And we also consider the world view. We need to know what will influence the development of the system inside and outside. We need to confirm no trouble will produce when the system is developing and how impact on it.

Owners are important when system developing. We need to define what their role will play clearly when the system is developing and how they help or hinder the analysis. Try to coordinate with them to let the job done easier. All the stakeholders may affect the analysis and development. We need to know will they make a claim for ownership or part ownership and any benefits from it.

The last is environment, something need to be aware like: political, legal, economic, social, demographic, technology ethical, competitive, and environmental factors and their associated constraints and limitations. We need to do some research of the local factors to avoid the risk and troubles. Find out what will be the limit of the development and how to resolve it. As a call center, we may consider how the law to protect the personal information and let the developer do more on security system.

Stakeholder matrix

Stakeholders are roles, views and contributions should be count in analysis. The purpose of stakeholder matrix is to define the position of stakeholders and decide how to they feel and react to the system development.

The stakeholder can be managers, users, staff, customers and suppliers. Developers need to coordinate and communicate with them. The stakeholder matrix let us know the key stakeholders and how satisfy or not they are. After that, find out how to improve to comply with request. The more power and interested people, the more work hard to engage and keep them satisfy need. So we need to know what they require for. We need to attempt to motivate them participate in the project. They participate in the progress can reduce dissatisfied. Let them know they are the part of the project to get more benefit to the project. Give the information which they want to know about the project, they can know the progression and join in. Find a way to communicate with them will make the project easier and they may become active, it will help a lot when developing. The beneficial to the company as a precondition to communicate to let them more satisfy and active with it. The stakeholder matrix let you do better time allocation on different stakeholder. Define the priority and put more time on important people to decide do we need to monitor on them, keep informed, keep satisfied or mange closely. The system fulfill the stakeholder or not is depends on how the requirement expression. If the stakeholders and the developer not communication enough, it won’t be done. It need both side to cooperate to let it done. So the stakeholder matrix is a big helper to find out who has more requirements and who need less.

People-oriented approach

People-oriented can combine both hard and soft approach methodologies and it can be applied to all projects. It purpose to focus on the interaction of technology and people. And the objective is to produce work systems technically effectively and increase the job satisfaction. Let the project done more relaxing.

Using people oriented approach is a good way to improve the morale and satisfaction. Assess employees and their job to exert their talents, skills and knowledge. Assess their job to let them get achievements, recognition and advancement. Also, if the jobs meet the employees’ interest, they will more focus on the job. These are important to keep the company’s employees efficiency of work and creating a pleasant working environment. And also need to ensure better communication between staffs. Social objective is a good way to promote communication. And the Social objectives also reduce the boring and repetitive tasks. And the benefits outweigh the costs. Employee happy in the company, then they pay more loyalty in the company. Also they will become more unity, that will encourage them try more and learn more. Satisfaction and quality of working life will let the team sprite to play better, it will speed up the working progress and complement fault of others. The division of labor will become more clearly and effective. People oriented approach method is the way to improve the relationship between colleagues. It encourages teamwork and accountability, attempts to align analysis and development with the goal of organization and users need.

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