The History Of 3d Painting

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Jordan Griffin

IT 103-004

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Introduction

Three Dimensional printing came into the technological mainstream scene 5 years ago, and since then it has grown exponentially. Starting out as multimillion dollar projects reserved for the wealthy elite and government only, has now evolved into something that can be affordable to certain families. According to Bilton, "Here’s a basic reality about consumer 3D printing right now: It’s still too expensive." This is true, but it is getting closer and closer to something people can afford. The Venturebee is a $500 3d printer that typical household families can afford. With the evolution of 3D printers, and their price rapidly decreasing, this allows for such new potential to enter the world of 3D printing. On the other hand however it raises many ethical, security, and legal issues that need to be answered.

History

Printing has been something that mankind has used for 100s of years, in fact the first known printer was used in the year 200 in ancient China. In the 1440s when the printing press was invented during the Renaissance period, it spurred a yearning to learn, and really launched mankind into its next period where it would create bigger and better things. Now skip to the year 1984, Charles W. Hull was the first person to develop the technology to print in 3D. He called the technique used for 3D printing "Stereolithography" (Spencer, 8). 

New potential

Three Dimensional printing is often unheard of to most people at this point, and that will soon change. President Obama said in his State of the Union Address that "A once-shuttered warehouse is now a state-of-the art lab where new workers are mastering the 3D printing that has

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the potential to revolutionize the way we make almost everything." 3D printers as of now are able to do phenomenal things such as print guns, print organs, and even make things we already have more productive. This new printing medium could be a game-changer as 3D solar cells, despite advances in energy storage, can capture more sunlight than conventional PV models. (Licata) As this is such a new technological function, the boundaries are endless, and so is the potential. In order to fully grasp the power that the 3D printer has, we would have to recreate

everything to see if it can be done better. For instance, imagine service men and women who have lost a limb. According to Hart," The cost of a high quality artificial limb replacement, when parted out, has been quoted in the 6 figure range. They are mostly ill fitting, take a while to manufacture and have to attempt to be customized using standardized parts; overall a poor replacement for a lost limb." With 3D printing, Bespoke Innovations, headed in San Francisco has been able to create some of the most advanced, and intricate prosthetic limbs that the world has ever seen, and for a fraction of the cost. Instead of 100,000 dollars, people will be paying fove to ten thousand for something that works one hundred times better. With such a new and young form of technology, the possibilities are endless. Many of man kinds greatest discoveries or contributions were not made in labs, or test facilities, they were made at home by the typical inventor who had a little too much time on his hands. Once this hits the shelves, the world as we know it will change.

Ethical questions

When 3D printing becomes more mainstream, and it becomes typical for families to own and obtain one, who is going to enforce the laws against piracy, and how can you stop it? This is a question that will need to be answered soon before the amount of pirating, and use of stolen

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intellectual property becomes the regular. In due time I believe anything will be printable, from guns to organs you name it, it can be printed. According to Biggs (2012), "3D printing will get so good that the items it produces will rival simple items we now buy. Right now a Makerbot (a 3D printer) takes a few hours to print out the most rudimentary of products, but what happens when those hours dwindle to minutes? What happens when we can print Ikea silverware set in our kitchens?" (Biggs, 2012) Biggs brings up quite a good point, who is going to pay for something they can print off in the comfort of their own home? The ethical issues it raises blur the lines between patent laws and copyright laws, people will test the boundaries of their machines, recreating car parts, guns, parts for a boat, anything that was once manufactured on a large scale and was exclusive will start becoming obsolete. Like 3Dprinter.net said, "Even the replication of an item as simple as an iconic glass Coca-Cola bottle can create both copyright and patent issues." But this will be the least of companies worries, it is the hardware that airplanes use, the hardware that goes into everyday items that we once had to pay money for and wait for its arrival these are the things that will cease to exist, because people can and will do it themselves.

Legality

Since this is something that is brand new to the world, laws will need to be put in place to try and limit what people can print. As of now, nothing deems what falls under patent or copyright laws when printing. "The potential for misuse is clear. What is not so clear is the legal category under which such misuse should fall. Copyrights protect tangible expressions of ideas. For example, authors and artists typically copyright the embodiment or expression of their creative efforts. Patents protect the ideas or inventions themselves. Reprinting John Steinbeck’s

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Grapes of Wrath or Andy Warhol’s multi-image portrait of Marilyn Monroe infringes upon copyrights. Building a new smartphone using the iOS mobile operating system is a violation of Apple’s patent rights." (3dprinter.net) In today’s current day and age, these laws will not be able to be enforced, if you print a copy of the Grapes of Wrath, no one will know, and no one will stop you. The legal issues that surround the whole idea of 3D printing are astounding, and likely there will always be a loop hole that will be exploited. "Pirate Bay, a torrent repository that is notorious for copyright violations with audio, video and software files, now offers 3D printer files called Physibles. This development, for patent and copyright holders, is ominous. There is no reason to believe that Pirate Bay contributors will suddenly decide to respect intellectual property rights." (3dprinter.net) the bottom line is things will be copied, and there really is nothing the government or the owners of the patents or copyrights of the intellectual or physical item can do to completely stop the abuse.

Security issues

The security issues that will accompany the 3D printing and scanning market will be immense. Currently you must be 21 to own a firearm, and the trouble you have to go through to get your license is in fact a lot of work. But it is the legal way, and quite frankly the safest way to obtain a firearm. Right now in the youth of 3D printers, you can already print firearms. Anything you wan’t varying from a standard 9 millimeter pistol to an AR-15. The wikileaks release that exposed many of the world’s governments of the illegal killings and corruption that plague the world could happen on a much larger and more dangerous scale. Imagine top secret military weapon blueprints and a design being leaked onto the internet, and all terrorists, or enemy

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countries had to do is download the file, and click print and they could equally match the firepower of the American military. Although hypothetical, this is a very real threat that will

more than likely emerge in the future. Another legal issue that is equally a security concern was brought up by Andy Greenberg of Forbes was,  "In a workshop Friday at the Hackers On Planet Earth conference in New York, a German hacker and security consultant who goes by the name "Ray" demonstrated a looming problem for handcuff makers hoping to restrict the distribution of the keys that open their cuffs: With plastic copies he cheaply produced with a laser-cutter and a 3D printer, he was able to open handcuffs built by the German firm Bonowi and the English

manufacturer Chubb (Greenburg, 2012)". This is a concern for not just police, but for the public as well considering criminals can replicate a key unlocking the only thing that keeps them contained. Governments and companies will need to adapt to the new threat that 3D printing will being to them and their secrets.

Conclusion

3D printing is an innovative concept that is still in development, but it poses such room for growth and learning like no other concept we know of. As with anything completely new, there are just as many drawbacks as advancements. 3D printing is extremely good at being cost effective, is a green practice, and produces items and products faster than factories, 3D printing can and will revolutionize modern day manufacturing. However, even with all of the benefits, 3D printing still has multiple problems that need to be handled. Being able to print out weapons with a push of a button, forgoing any background checks, and security clearance, and being able to circumvent the free market system just by printing out everyday objects instead of driving to the store and buying them may cause security and legal problems that we have never seen before.

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If 3D printing can get past the problems set before it, the possibilities associated with this are limitless.

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Reference Page

3D Printing And Intellectual Property Rights Issues | 3D Printer. (2012, March 1). 3D Printer | Exploring the world of 3D printing. Retrieved February 25, 2013, from http://www.3dprinter.net/3d-printing-intellectual-property-rights-issues

Biggs, J. (2012, September 2). Home 3D Printing Is Killing The Manufacturing Industry | TechCrunch.TechCrunch. Retrieved February 25, 2013, from http://techcrunch.com/2012/10/02/home-3d-printing-is-killing-the-manufacturing-industry/

Hart, B. (n.d.). Will 3D Printing Change The World? - Forbes.Information for the World's Business Leaders - Forbes.com. Retrieved February 25, 2013, from http://www.forbes.com/sites/gcaptain/2012/03/06/will-3d-printing-change-the-world/

Licata, J. (2013, February 23). How 3D printing could revolutionise the solar energy industry | John J Licata | Environment | guardian.co.uk . Latest US news, world news, sport and comment from the Guardian | guardiannews.com | The Guardian . Retrieved February 25, 2013, from http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/blog/2013/feb/22/3d-printing-solar-energy-industry

Greenburg, A. (2012, July 16). Hacker Opens High Security Handcuffs With 3D-Printed And Laser-Cut Keys - Forbes. Information for the World's Business Leaders - Forbes.com. Retrieved February 25, 2013, from http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2012/07/16/hacker-opens-high-security-handcuffs-with-3d-printed-and-laser-cut-keys/

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Bilton, R. (n.d.). Portabee: A $500 3D printer you can finally afford | VentureBeat. VentureBeat | Tech. People. Money.. Retrieved February 25, 2013, from http://venturebeat.com/2012/11/23/portabee-3d-printer/