Roles Of Intelligent Agents And Intelligent

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Ans3 Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce, is a type of industry where exchange of product or service is conducted over electronic systems such as the Internet as well as other computer networks. Electronic commerce draws on such technologies as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and also automated data collection systems.

Electronic commerce is usually well thought-out to be the sales aspect of e-business. It also consists of the switch over of data to make easy the financing and payment aspects of business transactions.

E-commerce can be classified into:

E-tailing or "virtual storefronts" on Web sites with online catalogs, nowadays and then gathered into a "virtual mall"

The gathering and make use of of demographic data through Web contacts and social media

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), the business-to-business exchange of data

E-mail and fax and their utilize as media for reaching prospects and established customers (for example, with newsletters)

Business-to-business buying and selling

The security of business transactions

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INTELLIGENT AGENTS

Intelligent agents are the software applications that have a predefined knowledge base as well as learning system about their user goals and wishes and, through adaptive reasoning, apply this information to execute their user request. The concept has been around for various decades, ranging in functionality from a simple macro with prescriptive directions toward new generation software that truly exhibits learning and artificial intelligence. The continuum of intelligent agents might be characterized along three dimensions: agency, intelligence, and mobility.

Intelligent agents are a major evolution in the direction of solving this difficult problem. Intelligent agents empower both buyers and sellers to accomplish e-commerce transactions by enabling efficient, precise, and comprehensive searches on the huge web community and information repository. The technology have evolved and the internet has matured toward a point where sophisticated new generation intelligent agents proliferate. This page examines intelligent agents and their use by buyers and sellers in the e-commerce market space. 

CHARACTERISTICS OF INTELLIGENT AGENTS

Accommodate latest problem solving rules incrementally

Adapt online also in real time

Be able to analyze itself in terms of behavior, error and success.

Learn and improve through interaction through the environment

Learn quickly from huge amounts of data

have memory-based exemplar storage and retrieval capacities

Have parameters to represent short and long term memory.

ESSENTIALS OF INTELLIGENT AGENTS

There are quite a lot of possible traits or abilities that people think of when they discuss intelligent agents. Four of these traits—autonomy, temporal continuity, reactivity, and goal driven—are essential to differentiate agents from other types of software objects, programs, or systems. Software agents possessing only these traits are often categorized simple or weak. Besides these essential traits, a software agent may also hold additional traits such as adaptability, mobility, sociability, and personality.

Autonomy: Regular computer programs respond only in the direction of direct manipulation. In contrast, an intelligent agent senses its environment and acts autonomously ahead it. He can start communication, monitor events, and perform tasks without the direct intervention of humans or others.

Temporal Continuity: An intelligent agent is a program to which a user assigns a goal or task. The idea is that once a task or goal has been delegated, it is up to the agent to work tirelessly in chase of that goal. An agent continue to run—either actively in the forefront or sleeping in the background—monitoring system events that trigger its actions.

Reactivity: An intelligent agent responds in a timely fashion to change in its environment. This characteristic is important for delegation and automation.

Goal Driven: An intelligent agent does further than simply respond to change in its environment. It can accept high-level requests specify the goals of a human user and decide how as well as where to satisfy the requests.

INTELLIGENT INTERFACES

What is an interface?

An interface provides a way of communication between two or more entities. For example, the interface between a driver and a car would be the steering wheel, the speedometer, the gas gauge, and other controls and meters on the dashboard.

This type of interface is used in Windows and related systems.

What is intelligence?

Intelligence is not an simple term to define. What makes a system intelligent? In intelligent interfaces, the intelligence may be in predicting what the user wants to do, and presenting information with this prediction in mind. Intelligence is that goal which is constantly one step ahead of us; once we overcome it, it is no longer intelligence. 

The area of Intelligent Interfaces is one of the most heterogeneous research subjects dealing with computers that stay alive. The term is so broad that people will shrink from it in practice – inspection of articles have been written about intelligent tutoring, adaptive interfaces, explanations or multimodal dialogue, but no survey article tries to address the whole area of intelligent interfaces. Even even if all of these areas can claim to develop intelligent interfaces, no one of them address this aspect exclusively.

If the work in this area is so extensive and different, one may ask whether there is any reason at all to give it a specific name. Wouldn't it be better to avoid the notion of intelligent interfaces altogether, and continue to investigate these areas in comparable, with their different focuses?

I suppose that there is an additional value in the notion of intelligent interfaces, during that it captures a set of problems and ideas that be shared between all these more specific research areas. The purpose of this paper is to reach this research area and highlight its specific research issues.

Scope of intelligent interfaces

usually, we need of an intelligent interface that it must employ some kind of intelligent technique. What, exactly, counts as an intelligent technique will vary over time, but the following list is a justly complete list of the kinds of techniques that today are being employed in intelligent interfaces:

User Adaptively: Techniques that allow the user - system interaction to be adapted to unlike users and different usage situations.

User Modelling: Techniques that allow a system to uphold knowledge about a user.

Natural Language Technology: Techniques that allow a system to understand or produce natural language utterances, in text or in speech,

Dialogue Modelling: Techniques that allow a system to keep a natural language dialogue with a user, possible in combination with other interaction means (multimodal dialogue),

Explanation Generation: Techniques that allow a system to explain its results to a user.

But providing such a list of technologies does not capture the important feature of the intelligent interface research area: an intelligent interface must operate technology to make an improvement: the ensuing interface should be better than any other solution, not just different and technically more advanced.

Obviously, the ideal rational agent does not exist - even if we could define an algorithm for for infinity computing the ideal response, it would take unlimited computational power to construct the ideal response before it becomes outdated. So Russel and Wefald defines an intelligent agent as an agent that has some boundaries in its reasoning power, but that always does the right thing within these limits. The limitations of an agent are essentially given by its architecture, so that certain results take very long time to produce, and may for this reason become sub optimal in a changing world.

Following Russel and Wefald, we can define intelligent interfaces the same way: an ideal interface is just an interface that always gives the absolutely optimal response, and an intelligent interface is one that has limited capabilities, but provide the optimal response within these limitations. But for interfaces, the limitations are not restricted to the internal architecture of the system, but lie foremost in its abilities to interact. For example, an optimal speech interface is something exclusively different from an optimal VR interface.

The research area of intelligent interfaces consist of two research issues that are twin and complementary: we have to seek to create an optimal design of an interface given a particular model of the restrictions in reasoning power and interaction modalities, and equally, the search for a novel and better interface design may require an extension of the reasoning power and awarding means of an interface. We can define the intelligent research area based on this dual aim:

The research area of Intelligent Interfaces combines design principles and technology advancements for successful human-computer interaction, and research on intelligent interfaces aim to extend the boundaries of both.

If we use this as our meaning of the research area of intelligent interfaces, we find a number of characteristic or features of a research project in this area.

The first issue is that the area is naturally cross-disciplinary. A normal, "good" interface cannot be called intelligent, if it does not involve some technology that reasons about "doing the right thing". Similarly, a novel system for dialogue management or presentation generation does not constitute an intelligent interface, except it has been combined with some principles for what constitutes a good interface design given this novel reasoning mechanism.

A second issue is that the area of intelligent interfaces is anxious with the development of systems that really work. For example, an conceptual model of human collaboration might be useful for sociologists, but if it cannot be put to use in the design of an interface or the development of a dialogue manager, it falls outside the area of intelligent interfaces. in the same way, several models of inference used in artificial intelligence suppose infinite rationality; this is useful only as a (bad)

approximation of the reasoning capacities of a computer system, and will not perform . as an approximation of human reasoning in a user model

Finally, the research area of intelligent interfaces is neither solely application-driven nor technology-driven, but both. New interface designs might be developed to contain new technological developments, but research on interface technology can be encouraged by novel application areas and interface designs.

Application areas for Intelligent Interfaces

Intelligent Tutoring. A "tutor" is a program that aims to give a personalised "education" to a user in a specific field of knowledge. In both cases, the answers can be personalized to what the system perceives as the user's needs and misunderstandings. Passive tutoring is often done in the style of "critiquing", where the user first suggests a full solution and the system then judges this solution, points out errors and suggests alternative solutions.

Intelligent Help. A "help" system aids a user in performing a particular task . A help system can moreover give help about the functionality of a computer program, or about some computer-independent task (repairing a car, for example). As with tutoring, help can be active or passive.

Information filtering. In unwrap information sources such as the Internet, it is comparatively "inexpensive" to share out information to a very large group of recipients. The task is called "filtering" when the information space is quickly changing. Information filtering tools may rely on text or image processing, but might also log the reading patterns of groups of users, to determine what kind of users are interested in a certain piece of information.