Process Management In Unix

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

1.0 Introduction

The operating system is responsible for the following activities in relation to the management process: process of scheduling and thread on CPU, create and delete user and system processes, suspending and resume the process, provide a mechanism for the synchronization process and provides the mechanism for the communication process.

This process is usually defined as a program example running. Process management is an important element of any recent day operating system. Management process describes how to manage processes across multiple operating system that is currently at a particular time Instance.

Operating system must allocate resources to process, allowing the process to allocate and switch information, keep the resources for every process from all other processes and allows synchronization between processes. To meet these requirements, the operating system must keep a different data structure for each process, that describes the State-owned rights and resources from the process, and allowing the operating System to impose control over each process.

Multiprogramming system explicitly enables various processes that exist at some point, where the only thing using the CPU at any given time, while the rest are in the process of doing I/O or wait.

The process manager is four main parts of the operating system. Using an abstraction process. This is to create a model for how a process using CPU resources and systems. A lot of the complexity of an operating system derived from the need for several processes to allocate the hardware simultaneously. A consequence of this goal, the process manager to implement the CPU (called scheduling), process synchronization mechanism and strategy of deadlock. In addition, the process Manager to implement the protection and security of operating systems.

Windows 7 has expanded greatly from its predecessor, such as Windows XP. Now, it is an operating system that includes prevention. According to Wikipedia (2013) UNIX is a multitasking, multiple computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT & T employees at Bell Labs. Both operating systems provide complete isolation between concurrent users. There are several major differences between the two management process in which we will discuss in this paper.

2.0 Process Management In UNIX.

When we log on to a computer running UNIX, shell or a GUI began to process our order Service. UNIX operating system continued to track users and processes them and prevent the process interfered with each other. System Holdings does not have any standard interface for user interaction. However, the process of Shell on the computer that is running UNIX can connect to another computer to load the UIs identify third.

Each process running a program and initially had a conversational control. In other words, has a counter program that keeps track of the next command will be based. Most Unix Money allows the process to create an extra thread as soon as it starts to run.

Figure 1:

A number of processes that can run at the same time and must all be dealt with by the operating system. The kernel need to maintain data for each process that is running. The Data tell the operating System what country processes, les, what user runs it, and others. The information stored in the process also called a process control block (PCB).

UNIX using the two categories: process system process and user process. System processes running in kernel-mode and perform operating system code to perform functions such as memory allocation and administration and the process of Exchange. Processes operate in user mode to run user programs and utilities and kernel-mode to perform instructions belong to the kernel. The user enters a kernel-mode process by issuing an appeal system, when an exception (error), or when an interrupt.

The process of HeiTech Padu Berhad in the UNIX system call is performed by the kernel, fork (), aims to take advantage to the child process is to kontrkator a specific subtask (or sent). When the request concerns, fork the operating system functions b:

1. assign a slot in the schedule process to the new process.

2. assign a unique ID process is the child process.

3. make a copy of the parent process, except any memory without it.

4. This will add a counter for each file that is owned by a parent, to describe the process now also have failed-failed them.-15-

5. Of the process for children who are ready to run the country.

6. features of children's ID number to the parent process, and a value of 0 to the child process.

All this work is done in the kernel-mode in the parent process. When the kernel reports complete these functions can perform one of b as part of a routine for Saturday: dispatchers

1. in the process of their parents. Features to the user time control mode fork calling parents.

2. the transfer process control children. The children began to perform at the same point in the code as parents, is behind The fork.

3. transfer of control to other processes. Parents and children who live in the ready to run the country.

This may be difficult to describe the process of http://www.TNB.com.my HeiTech Padu Berhad as both parents and

children who will implement the same code staff. This difference: when another

Fork occurs, the return parameters are tested. If the value is zero, this is the process of successful children and branches can be carried out for the user the number of visitors to continue the implementation of the programme. Otherwise, the value is null, this is the process of successful parents, and main line can continue execution.

The transition process has been X UNIX State Diagram

Multiprogramming system, so some Qadar UNIX can process, to run at the same time. Each user can have multiple active processes at a time, so in a large system, there might be a anus hundreds or even thousands of processes running.

Multiple tasks. UNIX is a Multiuser multiprocessing system. At a certain point, you can have many processes that are running on UNIX. As a result, UNIX is very effective to create the process. Unix is a multitasking prevention, which slices the time allocated by the interrupt routine or interrupt Scheduler pre-empts the process of submitting the next control. Almost all modern support systems Holdings ' preemption.

Multibebenang. Most of the UNIX kernel range to take advantage of new computer Multiprocess). At the beginning, UNIX expose the thread to the programmer. However, POSIX threads with user programmable. There is a POSIX standard for threads (called Pthreads) that supports all UNIX Money.

Process hierarchy. When the offline application and UNIX that creates a new process, a new process is the child process that created it. Response i

3.0 Process Management In Windows 7

Windows 7 has expanded greatly from its predecessor, such as Windows XP. Now, it is an operating system that includes prevention. As a result, Windows relies more threads the process. (A Thread is a building which allows parallel processing in the process.) Create a new process is a fairly expensive method while make a new thread is not as expensive as in terms of system resources such as memory and time. Therefore, application-oriented multiprocess on UNIX is usually translated to multithread applications with the Windows platform, so it saves system resources such as memory and time.

When a user interactive logon to a computer running Windows 7, Win32 graphical identification and authentication subsystem dynamic-link Library (GINA) created in the early process for that user, which is known as a user desktop, where all user interaction or activities that occur. User's computer Desktop loaded from the server. Only users who have access to the desktop. Other users are not allowed to log on to the computer at the same time. However, if users use Terminal Services, Windows 7 can operate in a mode such as UNIX-based server.

Windows 7 operating system supports multiple simultaneous users via the command line and GUI. The second requires the use of Terminal Services Windows 7. Windows 7 comes with a version of "per user" that allows users one at a time (Windows 7) and Multiuser Server version (Windows 7 server). It is very rare for the system Windows 7 server that have multiple simultaneous users command line.

In Windows 7, create a thread is very efficient. Windows 7 applications are able to use threads to take benefit of SMP computers and maintain interactive capabilities when several threads take a long time to implement.

Unlike UNIX, Windows 7 process does not share a hierarchical relationship. Formation process of acceptance and handling process ID has been made, so that the hierarchical connection can be maintain or virtualization if necessary by the application. Yet, the operating system treat all of proceedings because they belong to the same invention. Windows 7 provide a attribute called job object, which allows different processes grouped together and adhere to a set of rules.

Each process in windows 7 contains one or more threads and threads Windows 7 is the basic unit in the implementation. Threads are scheduled based on the normal factor: availability of resources for example CPU and physical memory, priority, justice etc. Windows 7 has extended supported multiprocessor system, so that the thread can be assigned to the processor inside the computer.

Every process of Windows 7 including resources for example in the following components:

• One or more Threads.

• Virtual Address different from the address space of another process. Note that the shared memory mapped files part of physical memory, but the process of sharing may use different virtual address to access the recorded file.

• One or more segments of code, including code in the dll.

• One or more of the data that contains the global variables.

• An environment string with variable information, such as setting the current Search path.

• The process Stack.

• Resources such as open the grip and the other pile.

Each thread in the process of sharing code, global variables, String, environment and resources. Threads per scheduled thread independently, and has the following elements:

• Stacks of procedures calls, interrupts, exceptions and automatic Storage operator.

• Thread storage (TLS) — a collection of various such as instructions that provide the ability to Store each thread to create your own unique data.

• Arguments on the stack, from fabric to create, which is usually unique for each thread.

• The context structure, managed by the kernel, with a list of values.

Figure below shows the process with multiple threads. This figure shows the scheme and not the actual memory address, or it is interested in scale.

4.0 Critical Comparison Of Process Management In UNIX And Windows 7

UNIX and Windows 7 operating System is multicast system that supports processes and threads. They can be compared in some aspects related to the characteristics of the process management;

One significant difference between Windows 7 and UNIX is the execution of several users on one computer. When users log on to UNIX systems, the shell process started their service instructions. Their process and track users, UNIX operating system that is able to detect the process and prevent them from interrupting each other. This is particularly useful when all processes running on the server, which requires the use of the resources, especially with many users and applications.

Another main difference between UNIX and Windows 7 is a process that has a UNIX hierarchy. When a new process is created by UNIX applications, as a child in the process that created them. This hierarchy is very important, so is the system call which will affect the process of the child. Windows 7 shared hierarchical relationship process instead. To receive and handle the process ID has been made, the process of creating a Windows 7 system can maintain hierarchical relationships or simulate if needed. Windows 7 operating system is usually regarded as belonging to all processes in the same.

UNIX uses a daemon, Windows 7 has the process service. A Daemon is a process that is executed when a UNIX boot up to provide services to other applications. Daemon which usually do not interact with the user. Windows 7 is a service that the equivalent of UNIX daemon. When the system Windows 7, boot Services may begin. This is a long running applications that do not interact with the user, so that they do not have a user interface. In the direct services carried out during the session log and it is controlled by the Service Control Manager, Windows 7.

5.0 Conclusion

For each user, Unix in General, and especially the Sun Solaris offer many more utilities for process files and data from Windows 7 does. For the corporate environment, Unix (notably Solaris) provides more control for administrators than Windows 7. Solaris, for example, allows administrators to mirror or stripe it multiple data disks to reduce the threat and optimize performance without 3rd party application.

Multitasking operating systems like Windows 7 and UNIX have to manage and control multiple industrial simultaneously. Windows 7 operating system and UNIX support process and thread. Unix is much better handle several tasks for a single user or for multiple users compare to Windows 7 does.

UNIX has a new approach to designing software. Because of the open-source UNIX, it attracts some very smart programmers who by many applications. With this in mind, a lot of designers prefer to resolve software problems by create simple tools that interconnects large application programs rather than create. In contrast, applications Windows 7 all proprietary and expensive. With UNIX, each conception extends, rather than replaces previous as Windows 7 is rarely required to upgrade old and new-UNIX are all compatible. The core reason for this is the way of UNIX which is in a strong theoretical basis. There are many advantages to this, for example, a book that was written 20 years ago that discusses UNIX programming can still be used today.

In conclusion, the best way to decide between Windows 7 and UNIX is to determine the requirements of the organization. If your organization uses most of Microsoft products, such as access, Front Page, VBScripts, it's probably or it is better to stick with Windows 7. But, if the reliability, stability and compatibility is of universal concern, UNIX most likely be the way to go. For a programmer or for administrators, UNIX offer more controllability and flexibility than Windows 7. For less sophisticated users, Windows 7 can often more easily installed and configured to run on hardware that is cheaper to run the desired 3rd party products. In short--Unix is better, Windows 7 much easier for less sophisticated users.