Preemptive Multitasking Is Used To Distinguish Computer Science Essay

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Submitted To:

Mr. Mohammad Al Ali

CE00855-4

Prepared By:

Ghalib Saleh Salam Al Hashim

Student ID: 7574

Table of Contents

Part 1 � Multi Tasking

1. Multitasking

1.1. Definition��������������������������������4

1.2. Types����������������������������������.4

1.2.1. Preemptive������������������������. 4

1.2.2. Non Preemtive����������������������.5

2. Multitasking Investigation Report

2.1. Linux����������������������������������..6

2.2. Windows 7 �..����������������������������� 7

2.3. Multitasking Direct Comparison������������������� 9

Part 2 � Choice of Operating System for ICIH

1. Things To Consider����������������������������..11

2. Windows vs. Linux (Pros and Cons)�������������������.12

3. Best OS����������������������������������� 14

4. Bottom Line��������������������������������.14

Part 3 - References ���������������������������������15

Part 1 � Multi-Tasking

1. Multitasking

1.1 � Defination:

In computing, multitasking is a method where multiple tasks, also known as processes, shared resources, such as processing of the CPU. In the case of a computer with a single CPU, only one task is said to be running at any one time, meaning that the CPU is actively following the instructions for the task. Multitasking solves the problem by scheduling which task can be run at any time, and when another task is waiting queue. The act of reassigning a processor from one task to another is called a context switch. When context switches mostly parallelism occurred.

Operating system multitasking, which allows the user to perform more than one computer task (such as work applications). Operating system can keep track of where you are in these tasks and move to each other without loss of information. Microsoft Windows 2000, IBM OS/390 and Linux are examples of operating systems that cannot multitask. When you open a web browser and open a new word at the same time, it may cause the operating system multitasking.

Being able to do multitasking does not mean that an unlimited number of tasks, you can juggle at the same time. Each task consumes storage and other resources. The problems began Moreover; the system can slow down or start to run from the general store.

1.2 � Types:

There are 2 types of multi-tasking is there that is given bellow:

* Preemptive

* Non Preemptive

1.2.1 � Preemptive multitasking:

* The term preemptive multitasking is used to distinguish a multitasking operating system, which permits preemption of tasks, from a cooperative multitasking system wherein processes or tasks must be explicitly programmed to yield when they do not need system resources.

* Preemptive multitasking contains the practice of an disturb meathod which hangs the presently performing process and raises a scheduler to regulate which process should accomplish at next stage. So all procedures will get some sum of CPU time at any specified time.

* In this type of multitaksing, the OS kernel can also pledgee a situation switch to satisfy the scheduling policy's importance limit, thus preempting the lively task. In common, preemption means "prior seizure of". When the high importance task at that moment stops the currently running task, it is called preemptive(proactive) scheduling.

* The term "preemptive(proactive) multitasking" is occasionally castoff when the planned meaning is more precise, preferring in its place to the class of scheduling policies known as time-shared scheduling, or time-sharing.

* Preemptive multitasking allows the computer system to more reliably guarantee each process a regular "slice" of operating time. It also lets the system to quickly agree with significant outside actions like incoming data, which might require the instant care of one or extra process.

1.2.2 � Nonpreemptive multitasking:

* Non-preemptive multitasking is a style of computer multitasking in which the operating system never initiates a context switch from a running process to another process. When non preemptive comes, a process that obtains such properties cannot be broken up until it is over.

2. Investigation Report

Now this report below is the comparison between Windows OS and Linux OS. How they do multitasking? Which windows is better in doing it?

In general LINUX is a multiprocessing, multiuser system. At any given point, you can have many processes running on LINUX. Consequently, LINUX is very efficient at creating processes.

As a outcome, Windows depend on more heavily on threads than processes. (A thread is a concept that allows parallel processing within a sole process.) Making a new process is a comparatively classy act while creating a new thread is not as classy in relationships of system properties like memory and time. Hence, multi-process-oriented applications on LINUX typically translate to multithreaded applications on the Windows platform, thus saving such system resources as memory and time.

2.1 � Linux

Multitasking does not just mean running two programs at once. The description

includes your skill to shift between programs, connect

between applications, and catch running programs. In the business world, it

also means answerability: you need to be able to say how much period was

expended on each scheme. Fortunately, Ubuntu has numerous choices for addressing

these wants.

SwitchingApplications

Starting up an application on the Ubuntu desktop can be as easy as clicking an icon or choosing from a menu. However, after you have a limited dozen programs working, it can be a test to find the right program once more. Without a good application management scheme, The worst is when we select text from one application, and cannot find the right window to paste into; and after finding the right destination, discovering that we had lost the selection buffer. After sometimes this turn out to be annoying. Luckily, Ubuntu has many choices for ruling the correct application. The most common window management tool is Window List. To change among applications, just click on the button.

Switching Workspaces with Ctrl+Alt+Arrows

The Workplace Switcher gives you a tiny view of each desktop.

Tracking Time for Projects

There are a many packages that allow you to track your time on projects. Each of them allows you to make a project, start and stop a work-time watch, and simply change between projects. They also allow you set the buildup interval (after one minute to hourly) and show entire time consumed in summaries.

Tracking CPU Usage

Sometimes, projects want to be followed by the resources they ingest. The two most shared resources are CPU time and disk space. Unfortunately, there are no nice GUI applications for tracking a project�s CPU consumption.

Summary

Ubuntu offers many diverse choices for handling simultaneous applications. Whether

your requirements are for task switching, window administration, or project chasing, there are sufficient choices available. Using humble scripts, you can improve clipboard practice and create directories that computerize tasks. And best of all, you can accurately economical calculate your time.

2.2 � Multitasking in windows 7

Windows 7 has so many amazing features to help streamline your day to day operations.

We can easily switch between programs that are running using a quick and easy keyboard command that only requires one hand!

If we want to switch to another program that we have running like Internet Explorer, or Microsoft Word, we can do so quickly and easily with this nice menu!

Every time we hit the Tab key while holding the Windows key, we cycle through the running programs. When we press Tab until the program we want to switch to is in the front, then we simply let go of the Windows key.

For users, the benefits of multi-tasking is the ability to have multiple applications open and work at the same time. For example, the user can edit the file with an application while another application conversion table.

For application developers, the benefits of multi-tasking is the ability to create applications that use more than one process and creates processes that use more than one thread of execution. For example, the process can have on the UI thread, which manages the interaction with the user (keyboard and mouse), and threads that perform other tasks while the UI thread is waiting for input from the user. If you give the UI thread a higher priority, the application will be more responsive to the user, while the threads use the processor efficiently during periods when there is no user input.

2.3 � Direct Comparison:

Multitasking. The Linux is a multiprocessor, multi-user system. At any time, you can have multiple processes running on LINUX. Thus, LINUX is very effective in creating the process.

Windows OS has evolved from its predecessors, as Digital Equipment Corporation VAX / VMS. Now preemptive multitasking operating system. As a result, Windows relies more on the topic than the processes. (The thread design that allows parallel processing within a single process.) Creating a new process is a relatively expensive operation, when a new topic is not so much in terms of system resources such as memory and time. Thus, multithreaded applications on LINUX oriented generally result in multi-threaded applications on Windows, which saves system resources such as memory and time.

Multiple users. The main difference between LINUX and Windows is to create multiple user accounts on a single computer.

The operating system supports multiple simultaneous users with a command line and graphical interface. This requires the use of Windows Terminal Services. LINUX operating system supports multiple simultaneous users from the command line and graphical user interface. This requires the use of the X Window System. Windows comes with a default shell (cmd.exe) usually includes several LINUX shells and encourages each user to select a shell as the default shell for the user. Both operating systems provide complete isolation between concurrent users. There are fundamental differences between the two: Windows comes with a "single-user" version, which allows the user to simultaneously (Windows XP), as well as a multi-user version of the server (Windows Server). It is rare for Microsoft Windows Server, to have multiple simultaneous users of the command line.

Multithreading Added LINUX kernel is multithreaded to take advantage of symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) machines.

On Windows, create a new thread is very effective. Windows applications can use threads to take advantage computers and maintain interactivity when discussions take some time to run.

Summary

The main difference is Windows uses cooperative multitasking and Linux uses preemptive multitasking.

So in this specific case Linux is ahead of windows because of its process management.

Part 2 - Choice of OS for ICIH

Choice of OS for ICIH:

1. Things to Consider

The operating system or OS is the basis of all the software on any computer. No operating system, the computer cannot access the files, installed programs, internet and all other important information stored on it. In fact, the operating system is the most important piece of software on your computer, because it is absolutely necessary to run other programs installed on the computer.

At present, the major operating systems available on the market, Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. Given the importance of the OS, you must take great care in choosing the most appropriate for your computer.

When deciding which operating system is precise for you, there are some things you should consider first:

* What Will It Be Used For?

o First, consider the fact that the operating system will be used. For example, the computer used to run the operating system will need to manage critical data with ease. If the computer is used for home and / or school, and the OS is designed for games with a word processor will be much better. Or, if the computer was for a new use, the best choice is a simple, lightweight OS.

o In general, most new computers come with the operating system pre-installed on - Apple computers come with Mac OS X, so that most computers come with Windows XP. Thus, it is also important to consider the operating system, even if you choose a new computer.

* What Level Of Security Do We Need?

Security, especially in these days, is one of the top priorities for any home or business. Not surprisingly, every OS has a different level of security it provides. Microsoft Windows and Linux is widely regarded as the operating system easier for hackers to enter any Mac OS X and Unix operating systems called safe around. Microsoft is trying to make its operating system more secure, consistent security updates, but the pirates still managed to find his way to the end.

* Special Application Compatibility: Not all applications will work on all operating systems. If you have a special application, which is the main reason to buy a car, you have to let that guide your decision operating system: it may require a particular operating system

* General Application Compatibility: Some operating systems do not support a wider range of applications than others. Microsoft is trying to get all the new software for Windows, to be written to work as a "consumer" and "professional" operating system and most applications does both. There is, however, the software that only runs on operating systems to the public. This is especially true for older programs, as well as many of the names of entertainment software.

* Hardware Compatibility: You should make sure that the operating system you want to run will work with the equipment that you select, and vice versa. Some PC makers will not support some operating systems - in fact, the vehicle can continue to work with "unsupported" OS, but the company cannot provide technical assistance. Be particularly careful with portable machines that cannot function properly if you install all the operating systems for those who have not been tested and approved.

* Specific Hardware and Driver Support: Some operating systems can run on a PC, but some hardware may not work. Generally, it is either because the drivers were not written for them, or the operating system cannot use hardware. Sometimes operating system can be added to support new devices by a patch.

* Hardware Requirements: Some operating systems are much more demanding when it comes to the materials needed to make them work than others. In general, the latest operating system, memory, more CPU resources and systems necessary to function effectively. In addition, usually the case that operating systems require more professional equipment than the consumer level, especially in the system memory.

* Costs

This is one of the most important things. Many times the project is rolled only because of this, the management is not willing to pay for a good proposed system. So cost of OS should always be kept in mind. Like How many users are there?

* Tight Performance

Software which is going to be installed on that Computer should be seen in parallel with the hardware installed�like if the software is very heavy to run and consumes more power and the hardware is not giving it then it is also fulfilling the purpose.

* Or Technical Familiarity of Staff Engaged in Project?

Now the experience of the staff always matter, even though we buy best systems available in and then either the staff, the end user cannot use it or we have to spend extra money and time to train them then it will also lose its importance. So this thing is also very important that all the hardware-software to be installed and the staff members who are the users, their level should go in parallel.

2. Windows vs. Linux (Pros and Cons)

The best desktop operating system to use depends on what it will be used and who will use it. There are no specific operating system, which can be called the debate "the best" with each other and with the operating systems, the general characteristics of the most popular and advanced, there is a lot on this topic. Some operating systems are most popular, and their advantages and disadvantages, and some of their best uses are described below.

Windows OS:

Pros:

* The biggest collection of software and applications.

* Some commercial software only works with specific operating system.

* All the third party hardwares are compatible with windows because of huge stock of drivers.

Cons:

* Very attractive to viruses, spyware and adware if proper steps are not taken such as installation of internet security software, antiviruses which reduces performance speed.

* Requires regular maintenance to avoid system errors and performance problems.

* Even with maintenance, issues can slowly accumulate requiring you to reinstall Windows, you can restore performance and fix software problems.

* Purchase a license for Windows disk / installation can be quite costly.

* Windows 8 the most recent version of windows, has high system requirments.

Notes:

* Windows 7 has relatively high system requirements compared to other operating systems. This has caused many individuals and businesses to continue using the older version.

Best Users:

* Gamers.

* People who are only bound to use windows-only software for office and school work.

Linux OS:

Pros:

* Lower number of viruses and other malwares as compared to Windows platform.

* Usually free.

* Large selection of flavors or versions to choose from.

* Great number of free and open source software.

* More simply adaptable.

* Windows programs can be run with using wine.

* Reliable with good performance and low requirement�s.

Cons:

* More advance knowledge in required for the installation of some programs and softwares.

* Many commercial programs doesn�t support Linux.

Notes:

* There are a some main categories of Linux: Debian, Fedora, Red Hat, and SUSE. Ubuntu, a kind of Debian, is very widespread among home users,as compared to SUSE. Fedora is extra common amongst businesses and trades.

* Through customization and software like Beryl, Linux can be made to have advanced desktop effects similar to Aero on Windows or Aqua on Mac OS.

Best uses:

* Knowledgeable computer handlers considering for a good, free operating system.

* Businesses seeking for dependable and reasonable computing, so as far as they do not need Windows-only software and have a capable IT manager.

3. Which OS Is The Best One?

The ideal operating system does not exist. Each operating system has its positive and negative aspects associated with it. Microsoft Windows is the operating system used by most users, despite their vulnerability. The reason for this is that it is the operating system more compatible, and it also comes with another very useful software like Microsoft Word and Internet Explorer. Mac OS X is probably the best choice for graphic design, but the biggest problem is that he cannot do a lot of programs that Microsoft Windows can. Unix has been around for a long time and is a good choice for the network, but it can be very expensive, not to mention that this complex, which will prevent new users of computers. The biggest advantage of Linux is that it is free. However, very few software vendors to produce products that are intended for.

Regardless of the operating system you choose, you should choose the one that suits you best. Before making a final decision, you should always do some research to understand how each operating system and know the advantages and disadvantages of each. This will provide more satisfaction than the final result.

4. BottomLine:

Although there is no clear best operating system, each has its advantages and disadvantages, and different people will be the best use of the other. Microsoft Windows operating system is the most popular, and is a reasonable choice for most people. And for ICIH I believe it would be the best choice to be installed on the machines. Knowing the caliber of the staff members as they belong to Cultural Institute and considering that they will have an average knowledge of OS. Secondly, the number of staff member is only 15, so keeping all the aspects in mind if we go for any other window and then giving them training would not be feasible and then we have to keep and administrator who is also very much sound is Linux, doing all this because Linux is free is not realistic.

So I recommend Microsoft Windows 7 is the best one available in the market. There will be no extra training needed to give to the staff members. All the commercial software that will be used are available on MS Windows 7 with all kind of compatibility. Yes, regarding Viruses we have to deploy a server based Antivirus which will be a central point and all the communication that happen will not go unchecked. So considering all these things I believe Microsoft Windows 7 is the best available choice for ICIH.

Part 3 � References

WWW

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_multitasking

www.webopedia.com/multitasking.html

technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc767883.aspx

http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Unix-and-Internet-Fundamentals-HOWTO/multitasking.html

linux.about.com/cs/linux101/g/preemptivemulti.htm

www.linfo.org/multitasking.html

http://www.ubuntulinuxhelp.com/why-is-linux-faster-than-windows/

Books

A Multitasking Operating System for Mastering Linux by Arman Danish & Micheal Jang

Microsoft Windows 7, Configuring By Patrick Regan

Linux For Dummies By Richard Blum

Ghalib Saleh Salam Al Hashim � ID:75740Page 1