Describe Different Types Of Information Systems

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Assuming that there is a centermost administration office, they might plan reports that have an association with the entire organisation. They might additionally get ready and utilize a percentage of the departmental reports. (Kenneth and Julie, 1995)

Finance:

The informative data from the finance office is frequently part. Budgetary bookkeeping is concerned with what cash the organisation has: its pay and use. Administration bookkeeping is concerned with how the cash is used. Case in point, the administration records of a school might state what amount of cash every subject division has used: ICT, Business Studies, and so forth. (Dennis, Wixom & Roth, 2009)

Manufacturing:

The manufacturing branch needs to show how proficient the business is. This implies that they dissect how well they utilize their staff and apparatus, how well they generate the best items, how they minimise wastage and how well they can respond to updating mandates.

Marketing:

The marketing crew is fascinated by investigating the clients and contenders. Like deals, they are fascinated by bargains by client and client sort. They might well have portioned the clients into sorts for example 'rich beneficiaries' and 'popular teens'. They might moreover have sectioned their locations into aggregations for example 'provincial cultivating' and 'well-to-do suburbs'. They are intrigued by which items advertise best to which client sort, for promoting and promotional purposes. They will moreover do outer contender investigations. The aforementioned may keep tabs on what contestants are doing to draw in the most gainful clients. (Dennis, Wixom & Roth, 2009)

Personnel:

The human resources or personnel office investigates qualified data about the individuals that the organisation utilizes. They will screen staff turnover, normal staff wages, normal days off debilitated and hours worked to follow labour laws and staff assentions.

Purchasing:

The purchasing section is intrigued predominantly in how their suppliers perform. They might dissect them by cost, by lead-time, by fewest situations and by feature accesability. The best supplier might have one of the shabbiest costs, convey instantly and dependably, not give issues with item value or paperwork and dependably have the items wanted accessible. (George, 1980)

Sale:

The sales division is intrigued by what features they have sold, to whom and for what amount of. Sales breakdowns are of awesome utilize to the sales division. The aforementioned could incorporate information on sales organised by:

product and item bunch

store, area or outlet and different groupings by geology, store estimate and organisation pecking order

salesperson, for reward purposes

client and client sort

Task 2

LO2: Be able to compare information systems

LO2.1: Describe different types of Information Systems (IS)

Let’s have a look at how the information system actually works. The diagram here will give a clear idea:

Fig 2.1: Information System

Figure 2.1 shows how the business functions and information systems work co-operatively in between the customers and vendors.

There are 4 major types of Information systems available. They are:

Executive Support Systems (ESS)

Management Information Systems (MIS)

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

Let’s have a look how they function inside an organization.

Executive Support Systems (ESS)

ESS supply the vital instruments to senior administration. The choices at this level of the association are typically never structured and could be depicted as "knowledgeable speculations." Executives depend as much, if not progressively in this method, on outer information than they do on information inner to their conglomeration. Choices must be made in the connection of the planet outside the conglomeration. (Kendall and Julia, 2005)

The situations and scenarios senior executives front side are extremely liquid, dependably updating, so the System must be adaptable and simple to control. Here is a diagram showing how the ESS works:

Fig 2.2: ESS

The Role of ESS in the Organization

Executives frequently challenge qualified information over-burden and must have the ability to disconnect the debris from the wheat so as to make the right choice. Moreover, if the qualified information they have is not nitty gritty enough they will be unable to make the best choice. An ESS can supply the abridged informative content executives require notwithstanding give the chance to penetrate down to increasingly part if indispensible.

As innovation developments, ESS are ready to connection information from different sources both inward and outside to give the product and sort of informative content executives find of service. As regular programming systems incorporate increasingly choices and executives add on experience utilizing the aforementioned projects, they're turning to them as a simple route to control qualified information. Numerous executives are likewise turning to the Web to give the adaptability they require. (Kenneth and Julie, 1995)

As progressively executives come up through the ranks, they are increasingly acquainted with and depend increasingly on engineering to help them with their livelihoods. Executive Support Systems don't give executives instant choices. They give the qualified data that helps them settle on their choices. Executives utilize that qualified data, on top of their encounter, learning, training, and comprehension of the partnership and the business earth in general, to settle on their choices. (Dennis, Wixom & Roth, 2009)

Executives are more slanted to need skimmed over information instead of definite information (granted the portions must be accessible). ESS depend on realistic presentation of informative content since its a much faster route for occupied executives to handle condensed qualified information. (Dennis, Wixom & Roth, 2009)

Management Information Systems (MIS)

MIS (management information systems) is a general term for the workstation systems in a venture that give information about its business operations. It's likewise used to imply the individuals who administer the aforementioned systems. Regularly, in an expansive enterprise, "MIS" or the "MIS branch" implies a centermost or halfmethod-facilitated arrangement of workstation smoothness and management, frequently incorporating mainframe systems and yet incorporating by enlargement the partnership's whole system of machine assets. (George, 1980)

Fig 2.3: MIS

To start with, business machines were utilized for the pragmatic business of figuring the payroll and staying informed concerning creditor liabilities and receivable. As requisitions were advanced that gave administrators information about bargains, inventories, and other information that might help in administering the undertaking, the expression "MIS" rolled out to portray the aforementioned sorts of requisitions. Today, the term is utilized extensively within various connections and incorporates (yet is not constrained to): choice uphold systems, asset and individuals management provisions, venture management, and database recovery requisitions. (Kendall and Julia, 2005)

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

A decision support system (DSS) is a PC project provision that investigates business information and presents it with the goal that clients can settle on business decisions all the more effortlessly. It is an "enlightening provision" (to recognize it from an "operational provision" that gathers the information sometime during standard business operation).Typical informative data that a decision support provision may accumulate and present might be:

Relative bargains figures between one week and the following

Imagined income figures dependent upon new item bargains suspicions

The results of alternative decision plan B, given past experience in a setting that is depicted

Fig 2.3: DSS

A decision support system might put forth qualified data graphically and might incorporate a master system or counterfeit consciousness (AI). It may be pointed at business executives or some other aggregation of learning laborers.

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

A transaction process system (TPS) is a qualified data processing system for business transactions including the accumulation, adjustment and recovery of all transaction information. Attributes of a TPS incorporate exhibition, dependability and consistency.

TPS is otherwise called transaction processing or real-time processing. (Kenneth and Julie, 1995)

Fig 2.3: TPS

A transaction process system and transaction processing are regularly stood out from a parcel process system and group processing, where numerous solicitations are executed all at one time. The previous needs the face to face time of a client. Inasmuch as cluster processing does not need a client to be available. Additionally, in group processing the effects of every transaction are not instantly accessible. Furthermore, there is a postponement while the numerous solicitations tend to be ordered, saved and after all executed. In transaction processing there is no postponement and the outcomes of every transaction are instantly accessible. Throughout the postponement time for parcel processing, lapses can happen. By difference, and even though mistakes can happen in transaction processing, they are occasional and tolerated, however don't warrant closing down the whole system.

To accomplish exhibition, unwavering quality and consistency, information must be promptly open in an information warehouse, reinforcement methods must be set up and the recuperation process must be set up to manage system inadequacy, human inadequacy, PC infections, programming provisions or regular debacles. (George, 1980)

LO2.2: Investigate the current trends in using Information Systems applications to solve business problems

Information Systems Approach to Problem Solving:

A deliberate path (procedure) to improve exceptional results for business situations, is called the Information Systems Approach.

Key Points:

Situation Definition

Chances

Result Development

Actions of System Approach:

Distinguish and outline a situation or chance

Advance alternative System results

Select the best System result

Plan the chose System result

Bring about the outlined System result

The Systems methodology outlines the situations, recognizes chances and advances the result in an intelligent orderly manner. (Kendall and Julia, 2005)

Defining Problems and Opportunities

Key Point:

First and foremost Step

Significance

Determining the Problems

Distinguishing the Opportunities

Determining the situations and chances is the first and the most paramount venture of System approach, as rest of the steps are hinging on this step. Assuming that we have not demarcated the situation effectively, we won't have the ability to show a correct/suitable result for the situation. Along these lines, it is extremely paramount to describe the situation or chance accurately, with the goal that the remaining steps ought to be in the right heading. (Grupta, 2005)

Problems:

Key Points:

Condition Producing Undesirable Results

Unsuitable Performance

Not Optimized Performance

A situation is a fundamental condition that is initiating undesirable comes about. A situation brings about inadmissible exhibition i-e an exhibition that is not upgraded. (Dennis, Wixom & Roth, 2009)

Opportunity

Key Point:

Potential for Desirable Results

A chance is an essential condition that introduces the potential for attractive comes about. We can streamline System by profiting the chances.

A Systems Context

Key Point:

Situations in Systems Context

Finding Systems, Sub-Systems and Components of Systems

Situations Regarding Input, Output, Processing, Feedback and Control

Situations ought to be thought about in the Systems connection i-e we might treat situations by identifying them to the Systems, sub-Systems, components or parts of a System. We can likewise distinguish situations and chances noticing information, handling, yield, input and control portions of a System. (Kendall and Julia, 2005)

LO2.3: Evaluate the suitability of information systems for different functional areas of an organisation

Now lets have a look at the suitability of information systems for different functional areas of an organisation:

IS in Administration:

Administration is the core part of an organization. It keeps data partly almost of everything. So, the need of IS in Administration is the most. IS in administration is suitable for:

Keeping log of HRM

Keeping track of company policies

Keeping track of resources

Controlling the backup systems (Alan, Barbara and David, 2010)

IS in Finance:

IS in finance is suitable for:

Keeping track of earning

Keeping track of costing

Keeping track of profit and loss.

Making assumption for future products

IS in Manufacturing:

IS in manufacturing is suitable for:

Keeping log of manufacture data

Keeping log of product id

Keeping log of product quality

Keeping track of product shipment to warehouse (Grupta, 2005)

IS in Marketing:

IS in marketing is suitable for:

Staying up to date with public reviews

Keeping track of marketing approaches

Gathering product ideas from public demands

IS in Personnel:

IS in personnel is suitable for:

Controlling the HRM department

Add and update personnel data which is a big security issue

Keeping track of employee activities

IS in purchasing:

IS in purchasing is suitable for:

Keep track of the suppliers

Keep track of the delivery tools and vehicles

Keep track of ingredients delivered from different suppliers

IS in Sale:

IS in sales is suitable for:

Keeping track of total sales of a product

Keeping track of product expiration or renewal date

Keeping track of price expectation

Keeping track of earning. (Kenneth and Julie, 1995)

Task 3

LO3: Be able to use information systems to produce management information

LO3.1: Use an information system to generate valid, accurate and useful information for a given problem

As Bloomsbury’ is a big production company and this is the first time they are going to set up computerized information systems; there are some procedures which needs to be followed. They are:

Creating a system development life cycle

Doing a system investigation

Checking the feasibility of the system

Doing a system analysis

Let’s go through them:

Creating a system development life cycle

A system development life cycle is the backbone of the system. The key points in creating a system development life cycle are:

System Approach Applied to the Information System Development

Systematic Development Process

Dissection of Information Requirements

Multi-Steps Process

Cyclic Process

Steps 1) Investigation 2) Analysis 3) Design 4) Implementation 5) Maintenance

Identified and Interdependent Steps

Machine Aided System Engineering (CASE), Prototyping and End client Development (Igor, 2001)

Any time the systems approach to situation tackling, is requisitioned growth of qualified data system results for business situations, it is called informative data systems advancement or provision improvement. (Kendall and Julia, 2005)

Informative content systems are advanced dependent upon the qualified information prerequisites of a conglomeration by dissecting the requirement of qualified data of distinctive clients.

A systematic, multi-step cyclic process for the advancement of an informative content system result is called system infrastructure life cycle (SDLC). System Development Life Cycle incorporates the steps of 1) Investigation 2) Analysis 3) Design 4) Implementation and 5) Maintenance. The aforementioned steps are exceedingly identified and related with one another. In this method numerous developmental actions can happen in the meantime. (Alan, Barbara and David, 2010)

System Development, now, includes the utilization of new improvements like Computer Aided System Engineering (CASE), Prototyping and End User Development that maneuvers the advancement procedure and upgrades the nature of configuration.

Doing a system investigation

A system investigation is needed to know the requirements of the system. As for Bloomsbury they will need huge importance in the sales department because they deliver product to a huge number of shops. The main key point of system investigation are:

Confirm the Problem or Opportunity Exists

Qualified information Systems Planning

Conduct Feasibility Studies for Feasible (Practical) Methods

Cost/Benefit Analysis

The Feasibility of a System

Initially and the most vital go of system investigation, is to confirm if a business situation or chance exists. Business situation is characterized in situation proclamation (situation definition). A chance articulation discloses that the system exhibition might be enhanced by profiting it. (Igor, 2001)

Qualified information System Planning serves to produce, screen and select potential qualified data systems for growth. Conceivably there are numerous qualified data system results that might be produced for business situations or chances. In any case as a general rule there are constrained assets and we need to recommend a result inside the reach of the aforementioned restrained assets. (Grupta, 2005)

Checking the feasibility of the system

The key points for checking the feasibility of the system of Bloomsbury are:

The Most Desirable Method

Organizational Feasibility

Monetary Feasibility

Specialized Feasibility

Operational Feasibility

Feasibility Studies assesses alternative systems and recommends the most attractive (viable) system for advancement. Practicality of a recommended system could be assessed as far as four classes.

Organizational Feasibility verifies that how shut the targets of a conglomeration could be realized by the new recommended system. (Kendall and Julia, 2005)

Budgetary attainability shows investment practicality of the advancement and support of new suggested system. It looks at expense and profits and confirms if a system might be financially plausible or not.

Specialized Feasibility uncovers if the needed fittings, programming, system assets could be obtained by the conglomeration or not. In the event that yes than what amount of time is obliged to gain them.

Operational Feasibility verifies where the individuals asset of an informative content system is skilled and ready to work (run) the informative content system. (Alan, Barbara and David, 2010)

Doing a system analysis

The four steps of a system analysis are:

Analysis of Present System (Existing System)

Functional Requirements Analysis

Organizational Analysis

Study of Organization and End User Information Needs

LO3.2: Evaluate alternative methods of solving the problem

While managing problems, there are numerous alternative methods to solve them. We can additionally follow a chance in some alternative methods. Hopping quickly from problem definition to a lone result is not a great thought. There may be other progressively suitable (savvy, simple, financially savvy, powerful) results laying and we may ignore them. In this method, for a particular problem we might as well think about every bit of the plausible methods/opportunities. (Igor, 2001)

Numerous results might be dissected for alternative preferences and impediments. We can cross-stand up in comparison distinctive results for focal points and weaknesses, so we are fit to pick the most suitable result around distinctive plan B. (Grupta, 2005)

Evaluating Alternative Methods

The key points while evaluating an appropriate alternative methods are:

Results for Requirements

Analyzing the Methods

After the alternative results advancement we should assess them so the best result might be recognized. Assessment is finished with the intention that we may verify that how well a result meets our business and private prerequisites.

We might look at the alternative results for ideally satisfaction of our prerequisites. We might cross-contrast distinctive results with recognize the expense and profits. (Kendall and Julia, 2005)