Demand And Utilization Of Digital Network

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (referred to as WiMAX) is an IEEE 802.16 standard that incorporates the medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) protocol of wireless broadband communication network. WiMAX is also defined as metropolitan area network (WMAN), where the end users gets directly connected to the main transmitting station of the wireless service provider (Martin, Li, Pressly & Westall, 2010). It has incorporated the feature of line of sight(LOS) along with the non line of sight (NLOS) communication which is best possible alternative technology to be deployed in urban areas where cables, DSL or T1 has not yet been implemented. There are other wireless technologies like IEEE 802.11, known as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi). which also provided wireless connectivity to the end users with very low range, mobility, bandwidth and quality of service. WiMAX is a better solution than Wi-Fi for providing wireless connectivity in urban areas due to its exceptional bandwidth, quality of service and mobility.

WiMAX can be compared with many other wireless solutions like Wi-Fi, 3G, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) or Long Term Evolution (LTE). They are all competing technologies and evolving daily with something new. UMTS offers very high mobility but does not provide enough bandwidth for data rate. Wi-Fi provides high data rate with very limited mobility. WiMAX on the other hand lies in between Wi-Fi and UMTS, thus providing sufficient bandwidth and mobility for the end users (Bathich, Baba & Ibrahim, 2012).

As defined by the IEEE computer society there are four protocols defined for the Wi-Fi network, IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n. IEEE.802.11a/g is a wireless standard that offers a maximum throughput of up to 54 Mbps at 5.2 and 2.4 GHz frequency .IEEE 802.11b offers the data rate up to 11 Mbps at 2.4 GHz frequency band. These technologies are capable of providing indoor coverage of around 100 meter radius and outdoor coverage of around 250 meter radius having 20 MHz fixed channel bandwidth. Wi-Fi can be deployed in two ways, infrastructure mode and ad-hoc mode. In infrastructure mode the end users connect to the Wi-Fi network via the access point (AP). The AP is responsible for providing IP address, data rate and mobility. In ad-hoc mode each end users connect with each other without the need of AP. There are many limitations on deploying this technology because of its range, quality of service and data rate (Bathich et al., 2012). The biggest challenge in Wi-Fi network is that the wireless signal is very sensitive to an external interference which cannot be controlled by the system administrator, thus very unreliable to implement. For an example, as the user changes its location or move far from the base station, the data rate starts dropping and finally reaches 0 at certain point which in-turns reduces the quality of service which has greater impact in voice and video conferencing. The only advantage of using Wi-Fi is because of the cost associated with its deployment. These practical limitations can be highly reduced with the implementation of WiMAX which has numerous advantages over the Wi-Fi (Chou, Li & Lan, 2009).

WiMAX is one of the best possible wireless broadband solution that incorporates numerous features and deployment flexibility. The prominent features that cannot be ignored are its physical layer based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), high data rate, quality of service (QoS), mobility support scalability, adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), link layer retransmission, support for advanced antenna technology, security and last but not the least Internet Protocol (IP) based architecture.

According to IEEE, WiMAX is capable of providing service range of up to 30 miles so that the users can connect directly with the base station without requiring the line of sight. It provides a bandwidth of 70 Mbps for downlink and uplink, which is far enough to support more than 50 businesses and thousand homes running simultaneously at a time. As Wi-Fi, the IEEE 802.16 has four different standards, The original standard IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.16a-2004 (known as fixed WiMAX), IEEE 802.16e-2005 (Known as mobile WiMAX) that operates in the frequency band of 10 to 66 GHz, 2 to 11 GHz and 20 MHz bandwidth respectively. Since it operates at higher frequency band, licensing issues comes ahead so, many businesses and companies are interested in deploying 802.16a standard. Beside these three standards, the WiMAX update IEEE 802.16m that supports both the fixed and mobile users is expected to offer a bandwidth of 1Gbps for fixed and 100 Mbps for mobile users (Bathich et al., 2012).

The key strength towards choosing the WiMAX is that it uses the approach similar to that of cell phone thus no line of sight is required. The signal broadcasted by the WiMAX is not prone to interference, it is more secure with good QoS and the most important is its reliability (Patidar, Dubey, Jain & Kulpariya, 2012).

The deployment cost associated with the WiMAX is very high as compared to Wi-Fi because the internet service provider (ISP) will have to deploy the WiMAX tower in various location of the city in order to provide full coverage. Once deployed each WiMAX tower can communicate with other WiMAX tower without the use of wires. This eventually saves the cost associated with the wired implementation and similarly the users can directly communicate with the WiMAX tower form their end-devices like laptop, pda, tablets, mobile phones etc. Users do not need to install any wireless devices in their home like Wi-Fi routers or modems and get rid of those clumsy cables hanging all around. This proves that WiMAX is very reliable, scalable and stable backbone network for providing the internet service to their users (Chou et al., 2009).