Decision Technology Mobile Technology And Service Science

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Abstract

Data growth is one of the biggest challenges in Decision Technology gave a great boost in field of many IT sectors and service sectors. Empirical, human-centered approaches are emerging as an alternative to technology-driven approaches in the innovation of these technologies. The Internet and the Digital Economy Track recognizes that the Internet has transformed the way we work, learn, and play. Mobile and ubiquitous technologies can potentially change the role of information and communication technology in human lives. get technological change over time (and into the future) is to consider measurements of speed, size or cost. Due to different service provide in the different science sector. Which gave the rise technology development? Digital services include the delivery of digital information and transactional services (e.g. online forms, benefits applications, timecard submissions).The digital service, were users and world came closer an made the work easier an in less time so by seeing this we can say that the vision which Technology is observing for in 2020 gave a hand together with Mobile Technology and science service. The Mobile Technology were cloud computing gave a rise to which saving data. The Internet is the communications platform on which digital media content can be delivered to a wide variety of devices, including desktop computers, wireless laptops, smart phones, and other mobile devices. Over the past few decades, the growth of digital media, the rise of the Internet. Today's information society is being built on technology, knowledge and intelligence. Information Technology (IT) empowers both people and machines with information, which is transformed into knowledge and intelligence

Keywords

Mobile,Globalization,service science, Decision Technology.

Introduction

Today, increasing globalization means that rapid communication; market forces and lower import restrictions can help make a new technology available anywhere that it might be useful. The different sectors made a rise in taking the decision in technology so it gets the result to the users’ at it fulfill needs.

What is decision Technology?

Decision Technology is a research consultancy dedicated to the study of human decision-making and the development of any associated practical and commercial applications.

Where decision done in Technology Fields?

The Decision Technology, Mobile Technologies and Service Science Track is concerned first and foremost with managerial and organizational decision-making in the Digital Age. We focus upon analytics as decision support processes and technologies to address contemporary management challenges, service science as a discipline for designing analytics-driven service systems for the enterprise, mobile technology as a development and delivery ecosystem for organizational services, and critical and emerging application areas which require the confluence of all three of the below. The overall context is to examine how these streams of research can contribute to the development and the art and science of information systems.

Advanced Analytics Services for Managerial Decision Support

Customer-Centric

Fuzzy Logic And Soft Computing In Service And Management Support

Information Systems & Decision Technologies for Sustainable Development

Intelligent Decision Support for Logistics and Supply Chain Management

Mobile Technology/ Mobile Value Services/Mobile Cloud

Network DSS: Mobile Social and Sensor Networks for Man-Machine Collaboration

Service Science, Systems and Cloud Computing Services

Visual Analysis of Massive Data for Decision Support and Operational Management

Digital Media: Content and Communication

Social and Digital Inclusions in Networks

Digital Libraries

Advanced Analytics Services for Managerial Decision Support

Data growth is one of the biggest challenges according to a recent survey by Gartner, Inc. (Nov 1, 2010). Organizations trying to find ways to harness the information value of that large data sets that they accumulate in time. Advanced analytics/data mining is the process of discovering valid, novel, potentially useful, and ultimately understandable patterns (i.e., nuggets of knowledge) in data stored in structured databases, where the data is organized in records populated by categorical, ordinal and continuous variables. Text mining, on the other hand, refers to the very same discovery process as it applies to unstructured data sources including business documents, customer comments, Web pages, and XML files. And analytics is the way of arriving at optimal or realistic decisions by applying "the science of analysis" to existing data. While simple analytics (e.g., multi-dimensional modeling, OLAP, etc.) are capable of producing answers to "what has happened," advanced analytics (such as predictive modeling, data/text/Web mining, etc.) are more focused on answering the question of "what is happening" and "what will happen".

The focuses on information systems and decision support aspects of advanced analytics and data mining, with emphasis on data, text and Web mining. A representative list of general topic areas covered in this minitrack (which is not meant to be complete or comprehensive):

New methods and algorithms of data/text mining and advanced analytics

The process and new methodologies of conducting data/text mining

Ethical and privacy issues in data/text mining

Novel applications of data mining for better decision making

Data pre-processing related aspect of data/text mining, such as data characterization, data cleaning, data integration, data sampling, data reduction, data visualization, etc.

Principles, theories, concepts and approaches for advanced analytics and data mining

Methods, tools, and techniques for developing the underlying functional aspects of data/text mining

Design issues, challenges and opportunities in agile analytics

Emerging technologies and techniques, investment and governance mechanisms, co-production methodologies

Evolutions to scoring and data mining algorithms for advanced analytics

In-database vs. in-memory advanced analytics capabilities

New algorithms and methods for advanced analytics in social networking, sentiment analysis, etc.

Supporting business process management with data mining and advanced analytics

Data mining in the cloud and grid

Impact of advanced analytics on global business

Visualization for supporting advanced analytics

People and culture issues in managing advanced analytics

Critical success factors for advanced analytics

Customer-Centric

The quality of digital services that we provide determines our reputation and trust as an institution. It profoundly affects the customer experience that our employees and citizens have in working for, and engaging with, the Government. Digital services include the delivery of digital information and transactional services (e.g. online forms, benefits applications, timecard submissions) across a variety of platforms, devices and delivery mechanisms (e.g. websites, mobile applications, and social media). Regardless of the form they take, these digital services must be designed and delivered with customer service first in mind and reflect the technologies used by today’s customers.

Customer-centric government means that agencies respond to customers’ needs and make it easy to find and share information and accomplish important tasks. It requires holding ourselves to a high-standard of timely data, informative content, simple transactions, and seamless interactions that are easily accessible. The mantra of "anytime, anywhere, any device," is increasingly setting the standard for how information and services are both delivered and received in a two-way exchange of information and ideas. We must embrace the ability of new technologies to drive participation in the digital public square. To develop innovative, transparent, customer-facing products and services efficiently and effectively, the l Government must also focus on the fundamentals of customer-centric design: measure how well we are providing meaningful services; focus our efforts on those interactions that have the most use and value; institutionalize performance measurement; and continuously improve services in response to those measurements.

Fuzzy Logic And Soft Computing In Service And Management Support

What is Fuzzy logic and Soft Computing

Fuzzy logic

Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic or probabilistic logic; it deals with reasoning that is approximate rather than fixed and exact. Compared to traditional binary sets (where variables may take on true or false values) fuzzy logic variables may have a truth value that ranges in degree between 0 and 1. Fuzzy logic has been extended to handle the concept of partial truth, where the truth value may range between completely true and completely false.] Furthermore, when linguistic variables are used, these degrees may be managed by specific functions.

Soft Computing :-

Soft computing is a term applied to a field within computer science which is characterized by the use of inexact solutions to computationally hard tasks such as the solution of NP-complete problems, for which there is no known algorithm that can compute an exact solution in polynomial time. Soft computing differs from conventional (hard) computing in that, unlike hard computing, it is tolerant of imprecision, uncertainty, partial truth, and approximation. In effect, the role model for soft computing is the human mind.

This is focused on the theory and applications of fuzzy logic and soft computing to support the development and distribution of services and to support management in problem-solving, planning and decision-making. The focus includes but is not limited to the following themes:

Knowledge based systems

Fuzzy logic and fuzzy optimization

Soft computing

Multiple criteria optimization

Swarm intelligence and ant algorithms

Artificial neural nets, self-organizing maps and genetic algorithms

Evolutionary computing

Chaos theory and models

DSS Ð classical decision support and innovations in DSS

Several advances in computational technology have had an impact on the design and development of computer-based systems - distributed processing, object-oriented design, fuzzy logic, concurrent processing, visualization techniques, user supportive interfaces, etc. to name a few. Thus, on the one hand there are modeling techniques that govern the design of intelligent systems, and there are several choices of computational models; on the other hand, that can be used to implement those systems architectures. This minitrack aims at exploring emerging paradigms underlying the design and development of intelligent systems of the future. In recent years, a number of innovative applications have been presented and published.

Information Systems & Decision Technologies for Sustainable Development

The development of novel and affordable information and communications technologies, and the emergence of information society with new economic models, has the potential for making major contributions towards sustainability of the earth’s ecosystems. Innovative use of information technology offers substitutes for travel and for the transportation of goods, and a major shift towards less resource- intensive production, consumption, trade, and services. Such changes can significantly reduce the environmental impact of industrial and commercial activities and thus contribute to sustainable development.

Today's information society is being built on technology, knowledge and intelligence. Information Technology (IT) empowers both people and machines with information, which is transformed into knowledge and intelligence. Appropriate use of the knowledge by both people and machines contributes to sustainable development. While informed and empowered people know their role as citizens in an environmentally sustainable society, empowered machines have the knowledge to minimize energy and material use, wastes, and pollutants.

Information technology facilitates fast, cheap, equitable, and resource-efficient access to information, accumulated knowledge, learning opportunities, and co-operation support tools for its citizens. Internet, today's cyberspace, facilitates people from across the globe to co-operate and perform various activities of human life and endeavor. Processing, storage, transmission, and sharing of information in electronic form, without any spatial or temporal constraints, empower people with instant information along desired lines. Information analysis contributes to knowledge and intelligence, which have increasingly become commodities in the information age. As information becomes accessible to anyone, and anywhere, it is increasingly becoming a basic economic resource and a structuring factor in today’s society. Miniaturization and innovation in electronics have equipped machines with intelligence and communication technologies, enabling them to collaborate with each other in their work. By empowering machines, IT offers a high potential for making a positive contribution towards sustainability of our economy and environment, particularly by reducing the impacts arising from manufacturing and transportation activities. However, such opportunities are emerging in various other sectors too.

SOME STATISTICS IN GRAPHICS

The following are some graphical representations of IT penetration and usage in various sectors of economy in various countries of the world:

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POTENTIAL OF IT TOOLS IN SOME SELECTED SECTORS

Manufacturing

Because they provide flexibility, open systems will be the key for the manufacturing organization of 2020 and beyond. Typically, one has to design a product to meet a particular need, then quickly hone in on the design, sacrifice design flexibility and create a product that cannot evolve and meet new needs. The Information Revolution gives the flexibility to postpone commitment of resources to a particular course of action until the last minute, allowing us to make better decisions about our design before the freedom to

make those decisions is lost.

Competitive advantage will go to companies that provide exactly what their customers want at a low cost. For most people, it's the latter and they shouldn't have to pay more for it. Such flexibility means the future of manufacturing could hold economies of scope, in which cost reductions on a group of products are achieved through components which are shared by all the products. This approach differs from the concept of economies of scale, which today offers large amounts of a specific product.

2. Transport

a. Tele-working and telecommuting can be acceptable substitutes for local and long distance travel.

b. Microprocessor engine control systems can save fossil fuel and reduce pollution.

c. Advanced transport tale- mastics (ATT) can improve transport efficiency and road safety.

d. Intelligent transport systems can reduce travel time, improve traffic flow and help to make the roads safer.

Some of these technologies are fiber optics, computers, networks, improved human-computer interfaces, digital transmission and compression, communication satellites and cellular devices. They are influencing interactions among states, international governmental organizations such as the United Nations, multinational corporations and non-governmental organizations.

3. Agriculture

Modern agricultural production systems continue to demand increasing levels of intensive management, to help farmers maintain a competitive edge. Computer programs are used by farmers to assist in record keeping and enterprise analysis. However, many computer packages which are available are used to record activities in progress in the production process or financial activities. There are few which express the production process in financial terms. Sustainable food system benefits from the responsible use of resources by farmers who perform a wide variety of tasks as part of crop management. These tasks can be facilitated by expert systems with the knowledge, designed and built with the help of local expertise. Land information system prepared using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing can help farmers plan their activity and facilitate decision making and planning at the local level.

4. Environment

IT systems can provide improved access to environmental information to citizens, authorities at every level, NGOs, and businesses for environmental monitoring and management. GIS and remote sensing can be used to map resources, land-use patterns and environmental factors. This could help bring about more effective planning, management, and decision-making with regard to the environment. Moreover Information systems can facilitate a national and worldwide dialogue about policies needed to ensure that sect oral growths are consistent with an improved environment. The environmental community has been painfully slow to recognize the power that information tools can bring to this debate.

5. Education

"Education technologies" is a phrase commonly used to refer to whatever the most advanced technologies available are for teaching and learning in a particular era. Throughout history, humans have invented technologies that radically change what they're able to see, do, and think about over significant time scales. Microscopes-medicine-health; the printing press-books-literacy and news-we've used technologies to craft new environments in which we live, which then change human life by changing what we do in fundamental ways, and even what we think about what humans are. Consider artificial intelligence and biotechnology efforts such as the human genome project.

In this context, we see a redefining of the very roots of learning and education underway with new computing and communications tools. Education in the context of such societal transformation as this should not be "business as usual," only making the learning of the past achieved through greater efficiency. For example, technology is changing the "what" of learning by introducing new concepts, techniques, and tools for understanding and also making the world-for inquiry, design, creative expression. These innovations include computer-aided design, simulations of physical systems that model climate change, the origins of the universe, or ecosystem population dynamics, as well as new ways to visualize and integrate data and to carry out radically new forms of inquiry that weren't possible until recently. Micro-worlds provide children in these early years with understandings of Newtonian mechanics and about sensors and graphing and feedback in complex systems. In addition to shifting the time and place of learning through wide-area networking, new participants in on-line communities are also learning from one another across school and age boundaries, including scientists, scholars, parents, and senior citizens.

6. Others

a. Saving paper: Electronic information processing and dissemination can save the forests.

b. Arresting urbanization: Ready and adequate access to information, knowledge, and

telecommunications in rural areas would discourage urbanization.

c. Tele-medicine: Tele-medicine can provide medical care to people in their homes, and to patients in remote areas.

d. Empowering citizens with information: By creating suitable contents on cyberspace and making it available at info kiosks in their close proximity, preferably in the local language and covering local issues among others, will empower citizens with the knowledge to act to bring about sustainable development.

Intelligent Decision Support for Logistics and Supply Chain Management

A product is valuable only when it can be delivered to the user/customer at the right time, to the right place, and with the right quality. This is particularly essential in today’s e-commerce environment, which demands quick response, and short product life cycle. Deviation of deliveries from the promised schedule can induce extra costs, which may be tangible like penalty costs, high inventory level and loss of market share or intangible like product depreciation, interruption of production and poor customer satisfaction. Efficient coordination of material suppliers, manufacturing plants, wholesalers, retailers, warehouses, and distribution centers, to deliver products as scheduled is the ultimate goal of supply chain management (SCM).

The theoretical developments, real-world applications and software solutions related to solving decision problems in logistics and supply chain management. Methods include optimization, heuristics and meta-heuristics, simulation, agent technologies, and descriptive methods.

Information technology (IT) and information systems (IS) are prerequisites and enablers for successful supply chain management (SCM). With related advances, the logistics and SCM field is developing very dynamically. Business-to-business transactions are made via the Internet and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems managing the transactional information within the enterprise. While IT and IS are vital components in supply chains, their successful management rests on intelligent and coordinated decision-making throughout the logistics network. Intelligent decision supports, using advanced decision technologies, are becoming increasingly important in logistics and SCM. Data warehouses and data mining can be used to store and analyze product, inventory, and sales information. Simulation and optimization, which can be found in advanced planning and scheduling systems, can be employed for, e.g., inventory, production, procurement, and distribution planning. Intelligent agents can, e.g., communicate with different partners in the supply chain, assist in collecting information, share product information, negotiate prices, and distribute alerts throughout the logistics networks. The design and implementation of intelligent decision technologies to support human agents in logistics and SCM is a very active field in research, consulting and software development. Many such technologies or systems have been implemented recently or are currently in the stage of implementation.

We seek papers dealing with decision technologies that contribute to intelligent decision support in the whole field of logistics and in particular in all categories of SCM. This includes but is not restricted to simulation, optimization, heuristics, meta-heuristics, agent technologies, descriptive models, data warehousing, and data mining. We are especially interested in real-world applications and in software solutions that assist in solving decision problems. This is extended towards, e.g., computational logistics, advanced planning systems and the intelligent use of ERP systems.

Mobile Technology/ Mobile Value Services/Mobile Cloud

The mobile device market is the largest consumer electronics market in the world.  As such it is subject to huge innovation in multiple different areas.  In order to remain competitive, OEMs, carriers, software vendors, and silicon providers must remain in tune with this rapidly changing market. Major innovation seems set to be centered around the UI with emphasis being laced on UI skin and also innovative solutions such as gesture, speech, and facial recognition. Security, displays, connectivity solutions, and sensors also look set to be areas of high innovation.

The latest fad amongst people all over the world seems to be smart phones. The cell phones that we use have certainly come a long way since the first wireless models that started hitting the stores in the 1980s. These phones have become smaller as time passed by, and now suddenly they seem to be getting bigger again. Smartphone’s perform a variety of computing tasks, and in addition to your regular telephonic services, these are mini computers that are extremely advanced today. All the tasks that you perform on your PC can also be performed on your cell phone now. Pretty much everyone in the world today is feeling the need for a Smartphone.

In the last 5 years or so, these phones have acquired phenomenal new developing technologies, and you only need to look at some of the latest models like the Apple iPhone 4s, the Samsung Galaxy S3, the HTC One X, and the Blackberry Bold 9780, to know what I'm talking about. Today, you can check your email on these devices, surf the Internet, chat with people from all around the world, play some unbelievable mobile games, and watch movies on extremely clear screens. Have a look at the Retina-Eye display of the iPhone 4G and the Super Amoled screen on the Samsung Galaxy, to understand this.

Currently, Mobile operators are busy with deployment of 4G technology namely, LTE-advanced or WIMAX 802. 16m. This 4G technology will be concluded within two years. 5G technology is not standardizing yet, probably 5G standard will define in two to three years, and its deployment will start around 2020. In future, people will expect same quality of internet connectivity as the device is capable. This technology will include all types of advanced features, which make 5G technology more powerful. The main features we want to add in 5G mobile network is that user can simultaneously connect to the multiple wireless technologies and can switch between them. Forthcoming mobile technology has to support IPv6 and flat IP.

we can even watch live videos on our mobile phones and download media files in an instant. If you thought computers were the kings of convenience, then mobile phones are the uncrowned princes that will soon take over the world. Today, the major players in the market offering latest developments are Symbian from Nokia, RIM (the makers of Blackberry phones), Android from Google, and the iOS from Apple Computers. Understandably, these gadgets do not come cheap, and their ultimate aim is to provide us with everything imaginable right in our pockets. Every year, new technology is introduced in this segment, and the new concept of 'Augmented Reality' is something that we should be looking out for.

Some of the candidates for the best phone in the market today are as follows.

Apple iPhone 4s

Samsung Galaxy S3

HTC Evo 4G LTE

Sony Xperia S

Nokia Lumia 900

Mobile Value Services

Development and design

Social issues

Service innovation

Segmentation

Consumer services and applications

Mobile cloud services

Adaptability of mobile services and specific applications

WiFi, Bluetooth, RFID and Their Applications and related business models

Future of Peer to Peer on Mobile Networks and related business models

Development of Ubiquitous and Pervasive Consumer Information Systems

User Communities and Service Development

Enterprise Mobility

Privacy and trust issues in the mobile service context

Mobile financial services

Network DSS: Mobile Social and Sensor Networks for Man-Machine Collaboration

Network decision support systems (NDSS) are a new type of DSS which has evolved from the rapid development of mobile technology. NDSS differ from traditional DSS in that they consist of man and machine nodes connected via mobile networks with the salient property that nodes enter and leave the network in unpredictable fashion. Further, the dominant decision-making mode in NDSS is collaborative versus individual. This minitrack will address the challenges of integrating social and sensor networks into seamless manned-unmanned collaborative environments; collaborative service-driven processes for social and sensor networks on-the-move; synergy, adaptation, and collaboration between man and robotics exchanging services on top of tactical and global mobile networks; situational awareness services for mobile social and sensor networks; and holistic models of their behavior.

Service Science, Systems and Cloud Computing Services

There is a need to apply robust research findings in the appropriate management and organizational contexts related to services innovation, quality, architecture, design and delivery, and the resulting customer satisfaction and business value (Ostrom et al. 2010)* . The goal of this track is to explore the challenges, issues and opportunities related to the innovation-services-based economy - from conceptualization to practical implementation. We are interested in novel approaches to "Service Systems", "Cloud Computing Services", "Technical and managerial approaches to service-oriented architecture, infrastructure, data, business processes, workflows and strategy".

Possible topics of applied, field and empirical research include, but are not limited to:

Service innovation and issues in service systems design

Theories and approaches for integrating and/or sourcing services and cloud computing management and automated business process management

Theories, challenges and impacts of service-orientation on enterprises, organizations and individuals

Theories and approaches for services architecture, infrastructure, processes, workflows

Planning, building and managing service infrastructure

Co-production/creation/innovation as driving components of service orientation

Decision models and decision support systems for service-related management and operations

Data services and data management service level agreements

Service discovery, design, modeling, delivery, deployment, measurement, maintenance, bundling and marketing

Services implications to value chains, networks, constellations and shops

Service-oriented enterprise industry standards and solution stacks

Service-based grid/utility/autonomic computing infrastructure designs, approaches and implementations

Service security, privacy and trust in distributed service networks

Ontology, semantic web and business rules for services computing

Service oriented solution patterns, choreographies, orchestrations and repositories

Infrastructures, standards and inter-organizational practices for federations of service-oriented enterprises

Managing service networks in the supply chain and procurement management context

Case studies of service systems and cloud computing implementation and management

Design of service blueprints for IT services

Self-service and smart technologies and management

Automated service-level agreement negotiation and orchestration

Collaborative service management in B2B and B2C e-commerce

B2B and B2C processes for service negotiation, operations, and management

The commoditization of business processes (e.g. out-tasking, ITIL, SCORE)

The commoditization of software (e.g. the software-as-service model - SaaS, software oriented architecture-SOA, application service providers-ASP)

The commoditization of hardware (e.g., on-demand, utility computing, cloud computing, software oriented infrastructure with virtualized resources - SOI, infrastructure service providers-IaaS)

Visual Analysis of Massive Data for Decision Support and Operational Management

visual analytics, mobile computing, and digital media at scale. It seeks to define commonalities between analytical methods that utilize interactive visualization to cope with challenges posed by data, platform, and application.

Innovations in computers, graphical displays and sensors give us the capability to generate, process, and visualize data from real-time data streams and massive data archives. Advanced data analysis approaches generate new algorithms, applications, and communication protocols optimized for platforms that include supercomputers and low-wattage mobile computers. Innovations in computer graphics and human-information interaction provide the basis for novel interactive visualization systems that can support the innate human ability to characterize, analyze, and manipulate information in complex interactive visual and multimodal environments across a multitude of devices, from mobile phones to supercomputers.

Digital Media: Content and Communication

The main focus of the Digital Media Technology technical major is on the enabling technologies for digital media systems, including technologies for generation of (interactive) media, processing and coding of media and for wired and wireless transfer and storage of media content. Applications that use these technologies include teleconferencing, interactive multimedia applications, entertainment, computer games, telemedicine, surveillance etc. The master is based on a systems engineering approach in order to successfully integrate media technologies in applications such as "smart spaces", "health and well-being", and "smart cities", thematic areas of EIT ICT Labs.

Social and Digital Inclusions in Networks

What is Digital Inclusion?

The technological revolution is changing the way we live and work. Technology has the potential to transform the lives of unemployed, disadvantaged and socially isolated people.

As information and communication technology becomes more commonplace, competence with computers and familiarity with online services are necessary in order to participate in modern life. However large sections of the community are unable to access digital technology in the privacy of their homes because they cannot afford the cost of a computer or maintaining internet access.

In the 21st century, digital inclusion is a vital means of achieving social inclusion.

Digital inclusion will help determine how people learn, work and play, how they interact with society and exercise their electoral rights and responsibilities.

What is the Digital Inclusion Network?

The Digital Inclusion Network is a UK-wide membership programmed managed and delivered by Age UK in partnership with Age Scotland, Age Cymru and Age NI. It has been established to support organizations and groups delivering digital inclusion initiatives for people in later life.

The Digital Inclusion Network is a UK-wide initiative. The Network aims to:

Ensure that people in later life have the ability to engage with computers and the internet and to progress their learning to other types of digital technologies.

Develop, encourage, and share best practice approaches for the digital inclusion of people in later life.

Work with key stakeholders to gather intelligence and provide a channel for discussion, debate and engagement on digital inclusion issues at a local, regional and national level.

The Network receives information on funding opportunities‚ information & advice‚ publications, networking opportunities, events and resources to support local initiatives helping people in later life make the most of technology.

Digital Libraries

Since the advent of high speed internet access and inexpensive storage, libraries around the world are building repositories of their books, papers, and other works which can be digitized or which were born digital. Repositories are growing rapidly in scope and number, for example, Project Gutenberg, Google Book Search, the Internet Archive, the World Digital Library, and many others.

Digital libraries of the future will give access to a large variety of multimedia and multitier documents created by integrating content from many different heterogeneous sources that range from repositories of text, images, and audio-video, to scientific data archives, and databases. The digital library will provide a seamless environment where the co-operative access, filtering, manipulation, generation, and reservation of these documents will be supported as a continuous cycle. Users of the library will be both consumers and producers of information, either by themselves or in collaborations with other users. Policy ensuring mechanisms will guarantee that the information produced is visible only to those who have the appropriate rights to access it. The realization of these new digital libraries requires both the provision of a new technology and change in the role played by the libraries in the information access-production cycle.

Digital libraries of the future

According to the most recent understanding, the DLs of the future will be able to operate over a large variety of information object types - far wider than those maintained today in physical libraries and archives. These information objects will be composed of several multi-type and multimedia components aggregated in an unlimited number of formats. These, for example, can mix text, tables of scientific data and images obtained by processing earth observation data, or they can integrate 3D images, annotations and videos. These new information objects will offer innovative and more powerful means to researchers for sharing and discussing the results of their work. In order to be able to support these objects, the DL functionality has to be appropriately extended far beyond that required to manipulate the simple digital surrogates of the physical objects. In order to support these objects the DL may need considerable resources. For example, the creation and handling of the new documents may require access to many different, large, heterogeneous information sources, the use of specialized services that process

the objects stored in these sources for producing new information, and the exploitation of large processing capabilities for performing this tasks.

New DLs are also required to offer a much richer set of services to their users than in the past. In particular, they must support the activities of their users by providing functionalities that may range from general utilities, like annotation ,summarization or co-operative work support, to very audience-specific functions ,like map processing, semantic analysis of images, or simulation. The availability of this new DL functionality can, in principle, change the way in which research is conducted. By exploiting such types of DL, for example, a scientist can annotate the article of a colleague with a programmed that extracts useful information from a large amount of data collected by a specific scientific observatory. This programmed, executed on demand when the annotation is accessed, can complement the content of the paper with continuously refreshed information. In the new DLs users are not only consumers but also producers of information. By elaborating information gathered through the DL they can create new information objects that are published in the DL, thus enriching its content. The new DLs are thus required to offer services that support the authoring of these new objects and the workflows that lead to their publication.

Conclusion

The cluster of new technologies in the Information Society (computers, Mobile telecommunications, service science.)made thing possible to see the migration towards a bright future.