A Routing Information Protocol

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Computer Network is a group of system and hardware connected by data’s. Its nothing but connected by two or many device. Some network devices are used such as Routers, Switches, Bridges, etc.

In network three types are there they are, LAN, MAN and WAN.

Local Area Network - It mainly used in an Industry, Organization, Schools, Colleges, Hospital or Single floor etc.

Metropolitan Area Network – It connected between cities.

Wide Area Network - establish connection across worldwide.

Topologies in network they are Bus, Star, Ring, Hybrid and Mesh.

Computer Network support different type of protocol such as Transfer Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol as well as it also supports some cables they are Coaxial, Fiber and twisted pair cables.

1.1 Objective of Report:

In this report it will give outline knowledge about Ethernet Networks and Router Information Protocol.

From both concepts I explained about types of Ethernet, International organization standardization model, timers, limitation and stability.

1.2 Ethernet Network:

Ethernet network it’s mainly based on IEEE 802.2 standards. It used in Local Area Network for one end to other end communication.

1.3 Routing Information Protocol:

RIP is used to route traffic. This protocol was mainly used in big networks.

1.4 Outline:

In this report is organized into chapters explained one by one.

2.Ethernet Networks

Ethernet mainly used in local area network, which was developed by standard. As said in objective explained about Ethernet network and Router Information Protocol.

2.1 Elements Of Network:

It’s nothing but consists of network nodes in which they are two types are there namely DTE and DCE.

Data Terminal Equipment:

It’s normally we used in day today life for PC and servers.

Data Communication Equipment:

For Router and Switches it will act as interface for sending and receiving information.

2.2 Ethernet Types:

It as three types namely 10mbps-10base-t Ethernet, 100mbps-fast Ethernet and 1000mbps-gigabit Ethernet.

2.2.1 10mbps-10base-T Ethernet:

In this it supports 10 mega bytes per second through out distance of 100 meters with telephone lines.

2.2.2 100 Mbps-Fast Ethernet:

In this cable it supports 100 mega bytes per second, It as mainly three types they are 100 base X, 100 base-T4 and 100 base-T2.

2.2.3 100Base X:

Optical Fiber cable used here it supports half and full duplex.

2.2.4 100Base-T4:

In this it as pair of four cables in that two support simplex ones and other supports half duplex.

2.2.5 100Base-T2:

In this it’s mainly made to support both half and full duplex ones.

2.2.6 1000Mbps Gigabit Ethernet:

It supports high speed and it as two types namely 1000 base-T and 1000 base-X.

2.2.6.1 1000Base-T:

It mainly supports full duplex.

2.2.6.2 1000Base-X:

This cable supports both full and half duplex, which send at speed limit of 1250 megabytes per second using copper wires.

2.3 Ethernet with ISO Reference Model:

CT840704.jpg

Diagram 2.3 Ethernet with ISO reference model

In this diagram Physical layer is used for media specifications; Data link is splitter into MAC client and media access and rest for upper layer protocols.

Physical Layer:

In other way we can call as layer 1 nothing but physical layer, which used to connection between source and destination and it also supports many topologies.

Media Access Control:

Main function of this one is encapsulating data. It’s mainly designed for modular communication protocols.

MAC- Client:

This one may be in one of cable either DTE or DCE.

If MAC- Client in Data Terminal Equipment it will supports all Logical connections. It will play major role between MAC and upper layer for interface.

If MAC- Client in Data Communication Equipment it will act interface between LAN.

2.4 Summary:

Using Ethernet Network we can able to connect nodes and it will supports data.

2.5 Design Analysis Of Ethernet Network:

SWITCH

ï‚Ÿ

ï‚Ÿ

ï‚Ÿ

FE 0/0 ï‚Ÿ R3

FE 0/0 ï‚Ÿ R2

FE 0/0

ï‚Ÿ R1

PC

ï‚Ÿ

Diagram2.5 Design analysis of Ethernet network

In this Ethernet Network Design it consists of three routers R1, R2, R3, Switch and PC. Router and Switch are not in UP state all down.

VLAN 3

192.168.3.0/24

XR3 F1/1

F1/02.6 Implementation Of Ethernet Network:

G0/1

XR1

G0/2

192.168.4.0/24

VLAN 2

192.168.2.0/24

F1/1

F0/1

XR2

XR4

Diagram2.6 Implementation of Ethernet network

Port FastEthernet0/1 and 0/0, IP address for R2 is 192.168.2.0/24

Configuration Of Ethernet Network: (According to Lab Session My POD6 and Router2 Configured this one)

Router > en

Router # Config

Router(Config)#hostname 6R2

6R2(Config)#int fastethernet0/1

6R2(Config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

6R2(Config-if)#no shut

Like wise we can connect any router. I have configured according to my lab sessions I got POD6 Router2 and Fast Ethernet so in above configuration I have implemented hostname as 6R2 6 is Pod number and 2 is Router number. If we got Gigabit Ethernet we need to do as

Router > en

Router # Config

Router(Config)#hostname 6R2

6R2(Config)#int gigabitethernet0/1

6R2(Config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

6R2(Config-if)#no shut

Once done either for Fast or Gigabit Ethernet we can check by "do show ip int brief"

2.7 Result for Ethernet Network:

To find IP address working or not we can check by "do show ip int brief OR Router# sh ip int brief"

6R2#sh ip int brief

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Serial0/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

FastEthernet0/1 192.168.2.1 YES manual up up

Serial0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

BRI1/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

FastEthernet1/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Serial1/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

BRI1/0:1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

BRI1/0:2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

FastEthernet1/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

2.8 Favor and Conclusion:

Ethernet Network technology is one of best technology with high-speed data rate of 10 Giga bits per second

Ethernet Network is mainly used Local Area Networks and its one of cheapest technology.

3.Routing Information Protocol

Routing Information Protocol is nothing but one of the routing protocol. It’s mainly used in routing traffic for world wide Internet. According to distance vector it will find the best way to destination. It is mostly used for routing traffic in World Wide Web.

3.1Types of RIP:

There are two types of RIP namely RIP version 1 and 2.

RIP Version1:

Daigram3.1.1 Frame format of RIP V1

Command Field: To find request and response this field mainly used.

Version Number Field: It will find version of RIP

Zero Field: Provide some backward compatibility.

Address Family Identifier Field: Used to find the address.

IP Address: specify the IP address.

Metric: It specifies the Number of hops.

RIP V2:

CT844702.jpg

Diagram 3.1.2 Frame format of RIP V2

Command Field: To find request and response this field mainly used.

Version Number Field: It will find version of RIP.

Unused: value set to Zero.

Address Family Identifier Field: Used to find the address.

Route Tag Field: Used to Differ between External and internal routes.

IP Address: specify the IP address.

Subnet mask Field: It will specify subnet mask.

Next Hop: Indicated the next hop.

Metric: It specifies the Number of hops.

3.2 RIP Timers:

Some default value of Timers is Update Timer- 30 sec, Hold Down Timer-180 sec, Invalid Timer-180 sec and Flush Timer-240 sec.

3.3 RIP Stability:

It supports some stability functions they are Split Horizon and Route Poison.

3.4 RIP Limitation:

It will not support large network and its recovery time is very high.

3.5 Static and Default Routing protocol:

In Static Routing network admin prepares the routing table. It is very secure and safe routing protocol. Its main drawback is to difficult to implement in large network.

3.6 Summary:

RIP is used to find best way to reach destination.

SE0/1

SE0/1 SE0/0

R23.7 Design Analysis of RIP:

SE0/0

R1

FA0/0

FA0/0 R3

FA0/3

FA0/6

FA0/9 SWITCH 2

FA0/1 SWITCH 1

PC 2

PC 1

Diagram3.7 Design analysis of RIP

It consists of three routers namely R1, R2, R3 and two switches S1 and S2 connected to router R1 and R3. RIP protocol is applied for three routers so that PC 1 can transmit packet to PC 2.

.2

XR2 FE0/1 VLAN 2

192.168.X3.0/24

S0/03.8 Implementation of RIP:

.3

FE1/0

.2

XR3

192.168.X0.2/30

192.168.X2.0/24 .10

.3

FE0/0

VLAN 1

.4 FE1/0

XR4

.4 FE1/1

.1

XR1

.1

S0/0/0

G0/2

Diagram 3.8 Implementation of RIP

Configuration Of RIP: (According to Lab Session My POD6 and Router2 Configured this one)

Router> en

Router# config

6R2(config)# int S0/0

6R2(config-if)# ip add 192.168.63.0 255.255.255.0

6R2(config-if)#no shut

6R2(config-if)#exit

6R2(config)# int fastethernet0/1

6R2(config-if)# ip add 192.168.60.2 255.255.255.252

6R2(config-if)#no shut

6R2(config-if)#exit

Similarly do for other routers.

NOW, RIP protocol is applied to all routers.

6R2> en

6R2# sh ip route

6R2 # config

6R2(config)#router rip

6R2(config-router)#network 192.168.60.1

6R2(config-router)#network 192.168.63.3

6R2(config-router)#exit

Similarly do RIP for all router.

3.10 Result For RIP:

To check RIP

6R2# sh ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

* - Candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 192.168.60.2/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

C 192.168.60.2/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0

3.11 Favor and Conclusion:

RIP always support big network but static only for small network. RIP is nothing but a routing protocol, which used to find best way to reach destination.

REFERENCES

http://docwiki.cisco.com/wiki/Ethernet_Technologies

http://docwiki.cisco.com/wiki/Routing_Information_Protocol