The First Type Is Pre Linguistic

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

The first type is pre-linguistic is the time before children say the first words the meaning of which lasts from around their first year. During this phase, infants to draw attention to non-verbal objects by pointing and touching. Infants communicate by crying, babbling, cooing . Such as the development language stage is set when the children will be able to deal with verbal symbols, it should be clear that the pre-linguistic development refers to the stage before the child is able to handle with such symbols. As a result, this stage sometimes called the pre-symbolic stage. The development of pre-linguistic therefore interested precursor to the development of the skills of symbolic and usually cover the period from birth to about 13 months of age. The four phases can be identified.

Vegetative sounds (0-2 months): the natural sounds that babies make, e.g. crying, coughing, burping, and swallowing. Many parents start communicating with their unborn child in the antenatal stage to cue their baby into their voices and the world around them. Babies cry to attract attention –

in this way they communicate with the adults around them to get what they need. They

have different cries for different purposes and parents soon get to know which cry means

‘I’m hungry’, ‘I’m in pain’, ‘I’m damp’ or, ‘Come and play with me now!’ Adults respond

by meeting these needs and by talking to their baby. So from the very moment they are

born children are introduced to the language of their parents. They reciprocate through

making eye contact, by gestures, sounds and gurglings and in so doing soon begin to take

part in conversations and so become communicators.

Cooing and laughter (2-5 months): .Cooing noises are generally initiated when the child is comfortable. They are typically made up of vowels and consonants. . To begin with this sound develops alongside crying but eventually the child learns to respond to their mother’s speech or smiles.

Cooing itself is quieter than crying and are shorter bursts of vowel-like sounds with a possible consonant quality at the back of the mouth.

At 4 months the first throaty chuckles begin and laughs begin to emerge!

Vocal play (4-8 months): the infant involved in longer and more continuous flows of either vowel or consonant sounds. In compared with Cooing, vocal play is normally firmer and longer. Vocal play normally lasts for 1 second with consonant vowel-like sequences that are frequently repeated. Intonation goes from low to high and vice versa. Nasal and fricative sounds are made in various parts of the mouth.

Studies have shown that this is a period of exercise of vocalisation for the child.

Babbling (6-13 months): Babbling is much less varied than vocal play. A smaller set of sounds are used which accommodate the original language of the child.

Reduplicated Babbling is firstly used which involves only a couple of sounds such as [bababa]Then Variegated Babbling happens when the child begins to use more varied consonants/vowels in one single utterance e.g. [adu] also, in which the child produces a series of Consonant-Vowel (CV) syllables with the same consonant being repeated (e.g. wa-wa-wa, mu-mu-mu) and non-reduplicated babbling, either composed CVC vocalizations (e.g. mom, pip) or VCV vocalizations (e.g. ama, ooboo).

Linguistic development happens at what is called the One Word Stage. here we can properly talk about a child’s expressive language, i.e. the words used to express emotions, needs, ideas. This should not be confused with the child’s understanding or original language. The two are, of course, closely linked. However, a child will typically understand much more than he or she can actually express and a child’s expressive language, therefore, lags behind its understanding by a few months.

Later One Word Stage (14-24 months) the words used by the child are now more readily recognizable as adult words. A variety of single words are used to express their feelings, needs. This is the stage which the child begins to name the objects and people around them. Examples include common nouns such as cup, dog, and hat. Proper nouns such as Dad, Sarah, Ali .and verbs such as kiss, go, sit.

The child may also use a few social words such as no, bye-bye, please.

The child will not yet have developed all the adult speech sounds and so the words used are not likely to sound exactly as an adult would say them. However, they are beginning to bring more closely to an adult model and they are beginning to be used always. At the end of the One Word Stage the child should have a much more vocabulary, should be able to maintain a simple conversation, be using several adult speech sounds properly, and be conveying meaning through the use of single words combined with facial expressions, gesture and actions. This single word expresses a variety of meaning.

Two Word Stage (20-30 months) is the stage the child begins to produce two-word together such as mummy car, milk on, where Fatma .Note that a variety of different word can be combined, for example, mummy car involves the combination of two words from the same word class of nouns one noun (mummy) with another noun (car).However, milk on consists of two words from two different word classes, nouns and prepositions: one noun (milk) plus a preposition (on).Also, where Fatma uses a so-called interrogative pronoun (where) together with a proper noun (Fatma).

In fact, a high proportion of these two-word combinations include nouns. This is normaly, because the child has spent a lot of time learning the names of objects and people. They are often the concrete, permanent things to which the child can most readily relate. In addition, at this Two Word Stage there is also ample use of verbs (e.g. go, run, drink, eat).

Three Word Stage (28-42 months) as evidenced by name,this next stage of development children extend their two-word utterances by incorporating at least another word. In reality children may add up to two more words, thereby creating utterances as long as four words. The child makes greater use of pronouns (e.g. I, you, he, she, they, me) at this stage, e.g.me kiss mummy, you make toy, he hit ball.

Four Word Stage (34-48 months), the child begins to combine between four to six words in any one utterance. There is greater use of contrast between prepositions such as in, on and under and adjectives such as big and little, e.g.

Mummy on little bed, daddy under big car.

Complex Utterance Stage (48-60 months) this stage is typified by longer utterances, with the child regularly producing utterances of over six words in length. It is at this stage that the concept of past and future time develops and this is expressed linguistically in a child’s utterances, e.g. we all went to see Ryan yesterday [past time]

Daddy is going to get a shoe [future time]

Robert stopped and kicked a good goal [past time].