Anglicism In Bosnian Language

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Faculty of Humanistic studies

Department of English language

SEMINAR PAPER

ANGLICISM IN BOSNIAN LANGUAGE

Mentor: Student:

Doc. Dr. Edina Špago - Ćumurija Almedina Pajević

Mostar, April 2013

Abstract

In this work we will elaborate the theme of Anglicism and its influence on Bosnian language. More attention will be devoted to Anglicism in media and forums at internet portals. We will investigate a few local portals with accent on forums with common population and also a usage of Anglicism in media and everyday journalist`s work. We will base on certain groups of local population, as well as their use of Anglicism of everyday life. Our goal is to find out if discrete group of people use Anglicism in formal speech or they use it only in informal speech. This research will help us at new understandings about reliance of words of English origin in Bosnian language.

Introduction

An Anglicism is a word taken from English into another language. Anglicism also, and more properly, describes English syntax, grammar, meaning, and structure used in another language. It can also refer to non-English words pronounced or emphasized with English phonetics by English speakers.

In every language there is among home word, certain number of words which are taken from some other language. We called it loan words or foreign words, depending on the relationship between language recipient to them and the status which they get it into.

Advocating for words that are native to the local (national) and which are formed by local (national) formative models and not others, it`s called purism (from the Latin word purus – clean, free from foreign impurities). The impact of foreign words has a particularly "smaller" languages, open to the dominant languages and their cultures in civilization exchange, while the major languages of the world rarely happens.

However, in this paper we accept newer, broader meaning of the term of Anglicism, where by this means not only a word or morpheme in English, which, with varying degrees of integration is used in the Bosnian language has a word, phrase or sentence in the Bosnian whose use reflects or follows the standard English language – orthographic, grammatical, semantic or pragmatic.

Foreign words in Bosnian language

Our language has in the past received many foreign words, and received them today. Some of the words are borrowed in many languages of the world and more or less adapted articulator rules and the voices of those languages. It is called internationalisms (e.g. automobile, radio, television, humanism, democracy, Renaissance, philosophy, poetry, comparative, medicine...). Some of the foreign words borrowed only in this religion, such as the so-called Balkan Turkish loanwords (for several centuries long influence of oriental culture and part it had), and some even borrowed only Bosnian.

The transition of Anglicism model in any European language recipient is analyzed at the following levels:

a) the phonological level (in order to determine the phonological changes in the transition model of Anglicism),

b) the morphological level (to register changes in the morphology of Anglicism),

c) the semantic level (in order to analyze changes in meaning that occur in the process of adaptation models of Anglicism),

d) the orthographic level ( in order to determine ways of forming topography of Anglicism influenced by the model) ,

e) the stylistic level (to detect stylistic features of Anglicism in the recipient language). (Filipovic 1986:47-48)

Borrowing of words can be direct, when you borrow from one language to another word with which they are in contact with the speakers, or through another (e.g. directly across the Arab, in our language came the word etymologically Greek carnation and word Almas, from the Greek word asamas, in a similar way, to a large number of words of Arabic language through Turkey arrived in our language, as well as one part originating from the Persian and Hebrew).

Words long ago entered our language and domesticated (average speaker does not recognize them as foreign, such as yogurt, sandals, bag, kefir, chess, school, lemon, soap, oil, etc.) are written as the phonetic pronunciation. Some can easily be replaced and some do not. The influence of English to Bosnian already decades draws attention to linguists and laymen. [1] 

A certain number of appellative [2] in Bosnian language is written originally. Thus the words of the international communication originally written (fax, telex…) as well as at airports and in some similar high-traffic locations using foreign languages and the individual words in communicative purposes such instructions (off, in, exit). The same is pragmatic reasons often originally written: restaurant (restoran), buffet (bife), grill (gril), loge (loža), hot dog, etc.

"Flooding" of English words in Bosnian language

Loanwords are units borrowed from foreign languages. It can be adopted words or foreign words. We can also talk about the phonological, lexical, morphological, syntactic and semantic loanwords.

Foreign words are words that are not adapted to the Bosnian language at least once your features. Before the concept of foreign words was identical to the concept of loanwords, but now it is available to allow a clear distinction.

Adopted words are the words that are so adapted to the Bosnian language that it does not feel more like borrowed or foreign words. If loanwords fully adapt Bosnian language and its rules, it eventually its foreign origin will not notice, and it is often cited as the vocabularies will loanwords. Adopted words are necessary because we often do not have the Bosnian substitute for that word.

Adapted words are loanwords that are well adapted to the rules and the formation of the Bosnian language, but it still feels its foreign origin. Mostly it is Europeanism or internationalism. There are many words in the English language became internationalisms, especially as expressed in the profession and to the online terms of technological advances.

In Anglicism is also the typical English phrases and idioms (na dnevnoj bazi) (on daily baseis) per day, every day) and construction: film festival, internet stranica, radio emisija (in English is a common construction noun + noun, but it is in the Bosnian express with adjectives).

Anglicism are commonly seen as a result of linguistic borrowing, and it appear in a language as a result of it contact with English. In theory is present various types of Anglicism, but most researches who have studied Anglicism in various languages mainly Roman and German, agrees that lending can be at all levels of the language system – phonological, orthographic, morphological, semantic, lexical, syntactic, phrase logical. (Thomason – Kaufman 1991:37)

Traditionally, Anglicism considered morpheme, word or idiom of the English language which with varying degrees of integration, is used in another language, in our case in the Bosnian language. This understanding represents M. Görlach in his famous dictionary of Anglicism in European languages: "An Anglicism is a word or idiom that is recognizably English in its form (spelling, pronunciation, morphology or at least one of the three) but is accepted as an item in the vocabulary of the receptor language." (Görlach 2002:1)

Numerous Anglicism are actually Latinisms or adopted English words from Latin, but the Bosnian language taken it from the English. It is enough to look at how Bosnians now go to hypermarkets where they full shelving with "merčendajzeri", or how at work nobody more has meetings than "brejn storming", we are going to the "parti, jahting, šoping"... Likewise, it is little number of events that can be imagined without "pi-ara" and agencies, "hanging" on "Fejsbuk", leave comment on "Tviter", SMS is knocking on "tačskrin", etc.

In the Bosnian language beyond the media every day went to dozens of Anglicism. There is no more natural way of the development of language, according to our linguists and say the exaggerated fears of losing their identity. While Croats advertise the vacancy in the money adorn authors of new Croatian words, in Bosnian language daily went to dozens of Anglicism that from what we reproduce them in speech – welcomed with open arms.

Conclusion

When we do not want to receive Anglicism in international use, we would have to use funny words as Croatian "napudbina" for software or "mrežopis" for the blog.

The fact is that linguistic purism is not possible, but nevertheless, the question arises to what extent the use of foreign words in everyday life was acceptable, and how to find out the use of foreign terms to maintain a specific, acceptable level.

The issue of penetration of loanwords in a language is not peculiar to our environment. Unlike the foreign words that have come from Greek, Latin, French, German, Hungarian, or, in the case of the Bosnian language and the Turkish language in contemporary society Anglicism are particularly striking because they represent a change of language that occurs under the influence of economic, technological and political impact and achievements, and goes hand in hand with cultural influence, not so much from the UK but also the USA, and some believe that resistance Anglicism can be a sort of resistance to Americanization and globalization.