Minimizing Energy Usage In Office

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Muhammad Nazree Bin Amir

Faculty of Electrical Engineering

UniversitiTeknologi MARA Malaysia

40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract— This project presents a simulation of minimizing energy usage in the office by using a better device and equipment such as daylight detector, electronic ballast, low-emission glass, time switch and other device that can minimize the energy usage in the office. By using energy saving devices it reduces the power consumption which mostly come from air conditioning and lighting. e-Quest software is used to design the device and equipment in the building. It simulates to prove detailed analysis of building design technology using today most sophisticated building energy. As a result, using energy saving devices the power consumption can be reduced.

Keywords – energy; office; electric consumption; minimize

INTRODUCTION

Since recent years, the increase in world oil prices has risen dramatically and rising oil prices also have an impact on our country. Therefore, coal price in the world also increase. Gas and coal is one of the main fuel to generate electricity, if increase fuel price it also will affect to generate electricity. Using energy saving device will reduce power consumption and electricity generation also can be reduced.

In this project, electricity usage in the office without control causing over electricity consumption. The amount energy used in a building depends on the type of device used. Thus the important step with isolating the factors affect energy used [1]. Install energy saving equipment can minimize the energy usage in the office. Installation with better devices such as daylight detector, electronic ballast, low-emission glass and time switch will reduce electric consumption annually.

The objective and scope of the study are to minimize energy usage in the office by using energy saving device such us daylight detector, electronic ballast, low-emission glass and time switch. Beside that the objective is one step solution for energy saving in office by installation better device such as daylight detector, electronic ballast, low-emission glass and time switch into office to minimize usage in office [2].

By using energy saving device power consumption can be reduce and financial monthly office can save more cost. Beside that reducing power consumption can save pollution in the world. Environmental pollution causes of removal material or energy into water, land or air. Excessive electricity usage causes power plant should generate a lot of electricity to meet demand. Therefore a lot of pollution that occurs when electrical power is generated. Electric power plants that cause occurs pollution is hydro, steam and coal power plants.

Energy saving device can reduce power consumption and it also suitable concept to be energy safer, more efficient and more reliable. Better device energy saving using this project is:

Daylight detector

Electronic ballast

Low-emission glass

Time switch

Daylight detector

By using daylight detector it used natural sunlight. During switch lighting ON it will be in automatic mode [10]. The system will operate depend on sunlight. When day the sensor detect sunlight automatic switch OFF. Using natural sunlight power consumption can be reduced. Figure 1.1 shows the circuits KNX lighting control to daylight detector.

The KNX-System is solutions for heating and lighting control with respect to energy savings and cost effectiveness. By means of time controlled switch (ON / OFF) of lighting in temporarily used in office defined occupancy times up to 10% energy savings. Time control can be realized using time switches and as well as the integrated timer function of the touch panels. In a KNX installation the time controlled switching and dimming of any lighting can be realized without additional wiring expenditure. Using automatic presence detection in office and in temporarily used rooms up to 20% energy savings. Switching ON and OFF or sending values can also be controlled in combination to ambient light levels. Combining presence detection with time control allows can be a guaranteed basic illumination for well-defined periods.

http://knxforbms.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/untitled2.png?w=500&h=349

FIGURE 1.1 : KNX Lighting Control To Daylight Detector

Electronic Ballast

Electronic ballasts are a one device energy saving have some advantage like absence of flicker, light weight, high efficiency and audible noise as compared to electromagnetic ballast [3]. By using electronic ballast energy efficiency will increase and power consumption will reduce [8]. Electronic ballast is one of the simplest and most cost effective suitable used fluorescent in office. With used electronic ballast power consumption can be reduces without reducing output light. Before office improvement used choke ballast. Figure 1.2 shows improvements from choke ballast to electronic ballast. In circuit fluorescent lamp using choke ballast it should lamp starter. Electronic ballast can reduce power consumption with improvemt lamp power factor and efficiency. For using electronic ballast not need to change and rewiring in office [2].

C:\Users\john\Downloads\choke ballast to electronic ballast.jpg

FIGURE 1.2: Improvement from Choke Ballast to Electronic Ballast

Low-Emission Glass

Low-emission glass is a type of window used in the office. Its use allows sunlight pass through the glass into the building and keep cooling in office [4]. Before this office used tinted in the window it can allow heat from outside through the window and many heat leaving from the office. This causes a lot electric consumption using an office to keep cooling. With low-emission glass temperatures can stable and air conditioner can set energy saving mode. Figure 1.3 shows how low-e glass work.

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FIGURE 1.3: Low-E Glass Work

Time Switch

Time switch as Figure 1.4 is a device energy saving by reducing light time of use through preprogrammed scheduling. It's a simple device designed to control a several lighting zone. This project used time control to reduce power consumption in the office. The time control will switch on during office hours after than that switch will off.

http://image.made-in-china.com/2f0j00tvZTBguIJbhV/Time-Switch-TB35B-.jpg

FIGURE 1.4: Time Switch

METHODOLOGY

e-Quest is a software building analysis to design building professional. It's designed to allow perform detailed to compare analysis building design. Overall building analysis a system to design a creative process of integrating the performance of the interacting system such as lighting and HVAC [7].

By using e-Quest version of DOE-2 it can be combined an energy efficiency measure (EEM) wizard, building creation wizard and graphical report with simulation " engine".

Building creation "wizard" is a process of creating an effective building energy and design would impact energy use such as HVAC equipment, building type and size, construction materials, occupancy, floor plan layout, lighting system and area usage [5].

Office Design

This project design office building using e-Quest software. For equipment are set before and after improving and simulate using e-Quest. Type of building is a two story office building .Location for weather set at state California in Los Angeles city because use selected data in e-Quest software. In this project not use data whether in Malaysia because not have selected data for Malaysia in e-Quest. Total Area office building on the first floor and second floor is 916. In three dimensions with high 9 ft office floor to ceiling the total volume is 4122 and with high 12 ft office floor to floor the total volume is 5496 Table 1 Shows area in the office.

Using Microsoft office Visio is designed layout office on top view. Figure 2.1 shows Office layout ground floor and figure 2.2 Office layout top floor. Office layout calculates every port area in percent such as in table 1 and then Key in percent area into e-Quent software.

Figure 2.1: Office Layout Ground Floor

Figure 2.2: Office Layout Top Floor

No.

Type area

Area

ft2

Percent

Area %

1

Office (executive/private)

417.44

45.57

2

Corridor

241.87

26.40

3

Lobby (office reception/waiting)

48.20

26.36

4

Restrooms

74.80

8.16

5

Conference room

48.20

5.26

6

Mechanical/electrical room

37.40

4.08

7

Copy room (photocopying equipment )

48.20

5.26

TOTAL

916.11

100.00

Table 1: percent area office before and after improvement

Before office improvement equipment in office standard device. For window using glass type single gray 1/8in (1204) and fluorescent lamp use choke ballast.

After office improvement equipment in office use energy saving device. For window using glass type double low-e glass (e2=.1), 1/8in, 1/2in argon (2632) and fluorescent lamp use hiPres sodium: lowboy: Hi/low ballast (full: 26% of power). To control the operation of lighting install daylight detector and time switch. Daylight detectors the system will operate depend on sunlight. When day the sensor detect sunlight automatic switch OFF. Using Time Switch can control the operation of lighting during a day. The time switch can set light switch will ON from 7.00am until 7.00pm. Beside that to block sunlight through into office are installed shading. Figure 2.3 shows installation of office design.

Shading

Before Installation b) After Installation

Figure 2.3: Installation of Office Design

FIGURE 2.4: Flow Chat

RESULT AND DISCUSION

FIGURE 3.1: Monthly Electric Consumption in Office before Improvement

FIGURE 3.2: Monthly Electric Consumption in Office after Improvement

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(a) Office Before improvement (b) Office After improvement

FIGURE 3.3: Total Electric Consumption

Figure 3.1 and figure 3.2 shows the electric consumption in office based on twelve months. After simulation doing e-quest monthly electric consumption office after improvement in Figure 3.2 is more improved than office before improvement in Figure 3.1.

Initially in this office before improvement it doesn't use any energy saving device. For window only use tinted to block sunlight through into the office but heat from outside can through into the office and many heat leaving from office [4]. It caused temperature in office increase and ventilation fan need more power so that office can keep cooling. Figure 3.1 shows totals monthly of ventilation fans electric consumption in office before improvement is 448.20 kWh rather than total monthly electric consumption in office after is 230.80 kWh as show in a figure 3.2. After improvement in the office by using low-emission glass power consumption is reduced. Moreover install shading devices in an office building it important energy efficient building design. It can help reduce heat from outside through in building [9].

Besides that light also used much power consumption in the office. In Malaysia, in 2006 lighting used around 19% power consumption at public building and commercial [6]. Before the improvement fluorescent lamp used choke ballast and light switch not control always ON 24 hours. Figure 3.1 shows monthly of area lighting electric consumption in office before improvement used lighting is 2,569.90 kWh and Figure 3.2 shows monthly of area lighting electric consumption in office after improvement is

1,696.10 kWh. After install electronic ballast, daylight detector and time control much power consumption in office reduce. For time switch set for the light switch ON a day from 7am-7pm and switch OFF during night.

Moreover, figure 3.3 show misc. Equipment was higher percent monthly electric consumption in office before and after improvement because it's not doing anything improvement by using energy saving device.

Figure 3.4 shows the total difference in monthly electric consumption in office before and after improvement according to months. The total difference annual for electric consumption between before improvement and after improvement office is 1912.5 kWh.

CONCLUSION

In this project, the main objective is minimizing energy device usage in the office by using energy saving device was succeeded as a result. Besides that, the benefit of energy saving devices in term of minimizing the operation cost and maintaining. It is important to reduce the usage of electricity. Thus, it will reduce the annual or monthly expenses for electricity bill.

RECOMMENDATION

The recommendation to enhance opportunity for Malaysia construction industry to design a green energy building so it can reduce power consumption and reduce environmental pollution.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author would like to thank to project supervisor Dalina Binti Johari give guidance to me in completing my final year project. I also would like to thank all my friends and my parent who always supports given motivation and some idea to complete this project.