The System Of National Philosophy Of Education

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

The first principle is integrated approach. Integrated approach is where knowledge, skills and values were combined to integrate the physical, emotional, spiritual and intellectual aspects. In other meaning, this integrated concept occurs through four ways that are skills cohesion, infusion, element-across-the-curriculum and integration of two elements. The first way is skills cohesion where it had two factors that are in one subject and between subjects. In one subject means that it only focused on the main four skills for languages are speaking, listening, reading and writing. In teaching and learning session, cohesion of two only skills is emphasized for example like listening and speaking. For the between subjects is where the singing is used for teaching in any class. For example, use nursery rhymes in Physical Education. The second way is infusion where many various knowledge areas and across subjects and emphasis on the moral values in subjects. Integrated of two elements where it focused on curriculum and co-curriculum, knowledge and practice and previous experience with new experience. Moreover, integration approach can be further explained by element-across-the-curriculum. There are many types of element-across-the-curriculum such as thinking skills, science, environment and language. For example, language is one of the elements that across the curriculum as language are a medium of transmitting the information and knowledge to the students besides as a medium of communication between human beings. The other example is environment across the curriculum. The students need a conductive environment to ensure that the learning process is carried out smoothly and comfortably. For example, the students should carry out the lesson in laboratory during science lesson so that the students will gain an interest of studying science and it indirectly causes them to pay attention to the lesson. The science laboratory is full of apparatus materials which enable the students to conduct an experiment easily and conveniently.

The second principle is holistic development of individual. Individual potentials cannot be developed in isolation. In the other words, each of their potentials in related to the others things. For example a pupil who is very potential in playing badminton needs to develop knowledge like the strategy ways of playing and develop skills like agility. Besides that, the pupil needs to well as nurture cooperation, adherence to game rules, needs to be discipline and so on. This principle consists of the four subjects that a pupil needs like are physical, emotional, spiritual and intellectual or as known as JERI. For the emotional, a pupil needs to control learn his or her emotional through self-disciple so that the student can manage himself or herself very well. Meanwhile, for intellectual, student can attend badminton seminar to get more knowledge on how play and do some strategy in playing badminton. Not more than that, the student can have a special training with his or her coach to train harder and become professional badminton player.

Third principle is one education for all. KBSR also provides one education for all the students. How it became implemented? All students have the same schooling level follow the same curriculum and irrespective of school type. In this principle, it has three areas that are communication, man and his environment and individual self-development. Thus, this area can be divided into six components, namely basic skills, spirituality, values and attitudes, living skills, arts and health with co-curriculum. Communication area used the component of basic skills. It focuses on the three basic skills that are reading, writing and arithmetic (3R). It has become the pillars of basic education at the primary school level. The subjects are Malay language, English Language, Chinese language, Tamil language and Mathematics. Plus it was thought at Year 1, 2, 3 (level 1) and Year 4, 5, 6 (level 2). As example, Malay language use as the medium language of knowledge and communication toll for national unity. It aims to produce students who are good in language and appreciate as the official language for unity as well as getting knowledge in the line of the Rukunegara and aspiration of the National Philosophy of Education. The second area is Man and His Environment with components of spirituality, values and attitudes. In this area, Islamic Education and Moral Education are important to teach for the level 1. Islamic education aims to nurture and enhance students’ talents and potentials to enable them to become knowledgeable, religious, devout and noble characteristic and responsible persons. For example, Islamic student learn how to read Holy Qur’an, build Islamic characteristic and learn about the foundation of ‘Ulum Syar’iah’ that includes Belief (Akidah), Obedience and Submission (Ibadah) and Syrah. As for the Moral Education, it aims to produce individuals who are respectable and responsible person through nurturance, appreciation and moral values practices. Meanwhile in level 2, Science and Local Studies is two more added subject in learning. Science aims to produce individuals who are knowledge able, skillful and good character for dynamic and progressive society which is acculturated in science and technology. A student is good in handling experiment by reading all the instruction that has been given by the teacher as for the example. In Local Studies, it was considered as the main pillar for nurturing patriotism in student, besides social, study and thinking skills. Plus it aims to produce pupils who are loyal to and proud to be citizens of this country besides being willing to make sacrifices to defend race and country. The last area is Individual Self-Development with Living Skills, Arts and Health Education components. This enhancement of life skills as well as appreciation for the arts and individual well being.

The last principle is Life-Long Learning. Education is likened to an on-going effort and it is start from we were born until we go back to our Creator. In the other meaning, this learning process occurs continuously and it cannot be stopped by time. School plays the main role for the early learning process for students. Plus it has two roles. The first role is they are first formal institution where pupils obtain knowledge and basic skills. KBSR builds the foundation for students’ acquisition of the necessary knowledge and skills to enable to face their daily situations. Upon completion of their schooling, this education process does not stop. Instead, each and every one of us is encouraged to continue with our own learning. Second role is school also nurture every pupil’s interest to pursue knowledge and contribute to existing pool. This endeavor requires the habit of wanting to and knowing to pursue knowledge. In this respect, teachers play an important role in inculcating and nurturing the knowledge and reading cultures in their students.

21st century learners are also play the important role for KBSR. Nowadays, children that were born in 21st century were lucky enough because of the existence and the improvements about technology. Emerging technologies and resulting of globalization also provide infinity possibilities for exciting new discoveries and developments such as new forms of energy, medical advances and restoration of environmentally ravaged areas, communications and exploration to the students to have more and new about knowledge and experiences. The possibilities are unlimited. According to the American Association of School Librarians, 21st century learners share a few characteristics which are students’ who are able to think critically, media literate, sociable and intellectual. These are the characteristics that have in a 21st century learner in order to be able to lead the future generation and enable them to get new experiences and knowledge. Thus, they can depend on their self to face the future.

Think critically is one of the factors that a 21st century learners have in their self. Nowadays students are exposed to the new era of technology. So, with this exposure they can learn many things and have experience with knowledge through internet or others. As the result, they can increase their thinking skills. Thus this can help them to develop and refine a range of questions to search of something new. Besides that, learner can also build confidence and mature thinking by making independent choices in the selection of resources and information. Moreover, the learner will show the responsibilities carried by to follow ethical and legal guidelines in using information needed and contribute to the exchange of ideas within the a group of learning community. For the 21st century learners, self-assessment and strategies are also needed and essential in developing themselves. Media literate is one of characteristic too. It as well as for the main point of making decisions informed, applying more and new knowledge to new situations and gain more experiences. This skills gained by apply highly order of critical thinking skills to information, experiences and knowledge in order to understand and gain knowledge. At the same time, they can use it as strategies to make conclusion from the information and apply it to knowledge. To share the knowledge, they must be good in using writing process, media and visual literacy plus with technology skills to create new understandings. Thus it can help them to expose to the life of technology where they can gain more experiences and knowledge. As for examples, many children at the early stage of the age of five know how to access on internet and it shows them that how technology can help them to become more intelligent. Besides that, social and intellectual skills play the main important role too. Apart from being able to communicate with others, the learners have to know how to social and intellectual network. In this modern world, one must be able to use writing and speaking skills to communicate with others in order to make social interaction and help each others. Plus, they needs to update with current and new technology tools in order to organize and display knowledge in way that to share with the others. The learners must acquire the capability in demonstrating leadership and courage by presenting their own ideas to others in formal or informal ways at the same time to show their social responsibility. For example, camping site outside the school may help them to get new friends and communicate with each other. Group activities could help them to take the chance to socialize and interact between groups during camping. Responsibility must have in them because it can show some respect of the differing and more experiences of others and seek a variety of views. As for the self-assessment, one must always reflect for their own ability to cooperate with each other by setting the evaluation varied roles, leadership and respect for others.

However, teachers play the important role in education and educating the learners. A teacher is like a living text books with full of knowledge and information for the students and yet a teacher is a measurements of the achievements of the nation. Teacher are the main pathway that leading to other professions. Teaching professions is not about the wealth and fame but it is about the nobility to teach the mankind. It is essential that a teacher must acquire these few qualities like as a role model, his or her characteristic and personality. As the role model, a teacher should show good examples by saying and doing the right things. Teacher must be ideal for the student by giving a good impression to them so that they will lead to honest life and have a bright future. On top of that, the appearance of a teacher has a psychological effect upon the students. Through that, students will respect them all the time.

For the teaching method in KBSR, it shows that many teachers used Bloom’s Taxonomy. The Bloom’s Taxonomy model is to instill the interest of pursuing knowledge among the learners. Bloom’s Taxonomy model can be defined as how the learners learn and master the skill or competency. There are six processes in this model that are understanding, remembering, analyzing, applying, evaluation and creating. For example, during art lesson, the teacher can prepare a video about how to do a paper Mache and make a model using this paper. Firstly, the students have to understand the video and instruction that was given by the teacher. Then they need to remember the step to making the paper Mache and the ingredients that will be used. After that, the students make evaluation to make the paper Mache and finally they can create a model by using it. By this activity, students are able to know how to make paper Mache and they have the interest to pursue knowledge and carry out this activity. Besides that, teaching method consists of three types teaching named VAK that stands for visual. auditory and kinesthetic. Visual teaching style is by seeing and reading. Most of the visual teachers use the benefits from pictures, charts, diagrams and more. It can help the students by portraying more of visualization teaching aids so that they can gain more knowledge. As for the auditory teachers, they more focus on listening and speaking. The processes of the information can be heard but easily distracted by the noise. The ways for the teacher to teach them in auditory teaching styles is by use the important information or facts and change it or put it on the song or poems. By using this method, the students can easily remember. The kinesthetic teacher, they focus more on touch and do. Usually, they really a high level spirit and hyperactive teacher. Teacher can assist the students by touching the flash cards from the sandpaper. The feeling of the touch will make the students trigger in excitement and they want to do it again. Therefore, before a teacher wants to teach, make sure he or she indentify the teaching styles that first. This is because it can affect the students’ future.

As for the learners, the teachers can see them through the learning theory. For the first theory is cognitive theory. Cognitive theory means that a mental of understanding. Based on Piaget, children are born with a very basic mental structure on which all subsequent learning and knowledge is based. In this theory, they are four stages that are formal operation, sensory motor, preoperational and concrete operational. The concrete operational is very important because children can reason logically about the concrete object and event or as known as physical experience (Jean Piaget). For example, the learner can and able to see the real thing or actual event like an experiment. They can perform experiment in science laboratory with the help of the teacher. An example of experiment is the growth of plant. The student bought seed and cotton as told by the teacher to do experiment. After that, they need to wet the cotton and put the seeds on top on the cotton. Then they need to observe for a week to see the growth of plant. The students will evaluate on experience and illustrate of knowledge. This theory can be related to the principle of integrated approach where teacher and students carry out the experiment together. Then, the cognitive development theory can be known as to the changes that occur in a child’s mental skills and ability. Four main primary focuses in this development that are critical thinking, intelligence, knowledge and mental behaviour. As the time goes by, the development thinking of a child will change. This theory can be related with life-long learning principle. For examples, the children in early stage can could numbers only from one to ten. When they are learn in school, they learn how to add, subtract, divide and multiplication.

In the conclusion, KBSR is really needed in Malaysia education system. This is because teacher should give a lot attention to the student in learning to achieve what to succeed. Based on the evidence that if the KBSR is well implemented, it will lead to the realization of the aspiration of our National Philosophy of Education that to produce good student and develop in physically, emotionally, spiritually and intellectually. Knowledge is needed to produce student who will become the leader of country in the future. So, the teachers, they need to educate their student in the right path and contributed their knowledge, skills and experience to their student for sake of the future. It has been implemented in Level 1 and Level 2 to make it comprehensive as it takes into the consideration of the level of teaching and learning process inside and outside the classrooms, inclusive of knowledge and skills delivery and nurturance of values across the curriculum. As a learner, the students must always be eager to obtain more and fresh knowledge in order to update themselves with the current world issues and experiences it. If all involved parties including educators, students and parents must joins forces and are committed to its implementation , there is a succeed will be achieved and Malaysian Education system will be equal standing or greater than with those with higher level of development education countries in the whole world. I hoped that Malaysia education will achieve more and will develop to its own country to a better future.

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