Institutes Offering Technical Education In India

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Diploma, Degree, Master degree is the parts of Technical education in India. All the Technical courses in India are approved by AICTE. Engineering, Master of Computer Application (MCA), Pharmacy, Architecture, Master of Business Administration (MBA), Applied Arts, Hotel Management and Catering Technology are known as technical education in India.

Institutes offering Technical Education in India:

The number of Technical Institutes in India is huge in numbers and all are approved by AICTE and affiliated to University. The number of AICTE permitted colleges offers degree in engineering courses in India are - 4, 39,689. In India more than 1200 Institutes offer diploma courses, more than 60 offers Hotel and Catering Technology Management. 25 institutes approved by AICTE offers diploma courses in Architecture. More than 1000 institutes offer master of Computer Application. AICTE also approves the institutes to offer the Master of Business Administration courses. AICTE also approved the institutes to offer, Master of Engineering or Master of Technology, Architecture. To increase the Hotel business and attract the tourists the AICTE also approves the institutes to offer courses like Hotel Management, Catering Technology. For some institutes the AICTE gives approval to offer applied arts courses.

Given the importance of technical culture in the further development of the country, the Indian Government is taking interest to develop more institutes in the row of IITs, IISCs and IIMs. The Indian Prime Minister was given an improvement plan to establish all IITs IISCs and IIMs to develop and extend the quality of technical education in India.

Many private institutes approved by AICTE and few foreign technical institutes are providing the potential to technical education accessible to all regions of society including remote areas in India with the quality of education.

Human Resources Developments are devoted to scientific improvement, progress in technology and also financial growth of the nation through development of human resources. It was based on the principle, "Think worldwide and Act locally" and to remain the endeavored, so that country welfare are made compulsory to dishevel with and surrounded in the universal goals of civilization.

To provide teaching and learning of again and again high stands through adaptable programmes and innovative that was responsible to the rising and current needs of the society. Human Resource Management practices and kind of workforce help to attain Institutes competitiveness. Human Resource Management is the Institutional function that enhances creativeness, rapidity, innovation, elasticity and effectiveness of the workforce to transform them into Institutional assets. Human Resource Management is now highly recognized as a strategic lever for the Institute in creating value.

Kolhapur & Sangli district is known for engineering education rather it is engineering education hub. Approximately 25 Private Engineering Institutes are offering various Engineering Courses like B.E.(Electronics), B.E. (E&TC) , B.E.(Computer Science), B.E. (I.T.) , B.E.(Civil) , B.E.(Electrical), B.E.(Production), B.E.(AUTOMOBILE) , B.E.(Mechanical), B.E.(Instrumentation) & which are approved by AICTE , New Delhi and Directorate of Technical Education of Maharashtra Government & Shivaji University , Kolhapur.

Only one D.K.T.E. Institute Offering Textile & Engineering courses such as .Text.(T.T.), B. Text.(M.M.T.T.), B. Text.(T.P.E.), B. Text.(T.C.), B. Text.(F.T.) & Engineering Courses such as B.E.(Electronics), B.E. (E&TC) , B.E.(Computer Science), B.E. (I.T.), B.E.(Mechanical) which are permitted by AICTE, New Delhi and Directorate of Technical Education of Maharashtra Government & Shivaji University situated in Kolhapur.

Engineering is a broad discipline surrounding wide range of a wealth of information & skills with the development in technology, the engineers’ prerequisite today is not to covenant with complex mathematical problem but to think logically and increase solutions to various engineering issues through information technology. The scope of institute of engineering works with a vision of transforming its students into inspired, skilled and professional engineers. The importance of the courses now is to develop craftsmanship and skills to meet a higher level of excellence and knowledge.

Engineering Colleges works with a visualization of transforming there alumina addicted to capable, professional and enthused engineers. The Engineering colleges aim to transport not presently the uppermost excellence of technical education to there students through an learning oriented, interactive environment, the latest infrastructure, advanced laboratories and well qualified, enthusiastic employees with the innovative, holistic and learning set of existence skill that was brush up students to face the industry in the years to approach.

Human Resource Information System was an incorporated system of software, hardware and databases premeditated to provide information used in Human Resource decision making.

HRIS Benefits:

Organizational and operational effectiveness in compiling Human Resource data.

Accessibility of data for effectual Human Resource strategic planning.

HRIS was a database that helps us to maintain track of all processes and activities connected to Human resources in the Institute. It was a structure derived from Information Technology and Human Resource Management. Human Resource Information System is being able to accommodate processes that are linked to Human Resources. These can consist of employee personal benefits for administration, file management applicant tracking, payroll integration, etc. Perfectly, the Human Resource Management System should be able to touch the four core tricks of the Human Resource department viz. payroll management, time management, and employee, gain administration and Human Resource Management. The key to the HRIS structure was in the structure of information required to the employees for example age, education, etc. The Human Resource Information System transforms this data into insignificant information which will shore up the managers and the Institute as a whole in administrative. The output of the Human Resource Information System includes income statement, statement on employee performance etc. There is an opinion and be in command of system that can be compute the robustness and helpfulness of the system.

The advantages of the HRIS system:

- Provide accurate information

- Process information at high velocity

- Act as a decision support instrument

- Strengthen the organize of the management

- Not costly

some of the vendors dealing with Human Resource Information structure or Human Resource Management System packages are PeopleSoft, Oracle and SAP etc.

Generate the standard module for Human Resource Information System (HRIS) for private Engineering Institutes. Today every private Engineering Institute have issues such as Institutional culture, Technological advancement , Global Markets, Competitive advantage , Student Satisfaction , revenue and expenses , various student requirements and necessity for efficient employees with a universal attitude insightful every part of the Institute. Effective labor force is vital as it is the Institutes main performer in accomplish goal and deliver service "HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN SELECTED PRIVATE ENGINEERING INSTITUTES"

REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

Researcher explained the Employee job fulfillment of educational staff from a private University of Nigeria. Researcher studied ‘the previous circumstances of job satisfaction was important because of the task it plays in profession satisfaction of staff which in revolve affect organizational production. Information was collected from three hundred and eighty-four educational staff of the university with the support of survey out of which a sum of two hundred and ninety-three questionnaire were return completely and appropriately filled [1].

Researcher examined the development of teaching manpower through mythology and reality in teaching and learning system of Nigerian education. Researcher believed that the courses of professor education and the content of the syllabus which will give up qualitative education for the financial growth of researcher’s nation. It is found that teachers’ edification curricular should be incorporated with practical pedagogy. Researcher’s idea will empower the learner to build new knowledge by providing opportunities for them that will facilitate the students to test educational theory through existent world application of knowledge that is applicable to their life [2].

The researcher described that administrative skills in general and expressive intelligence in particular, cooperate a important role in the success of higher-ranking managers in the place of work. Senior managers with a high significant intelligence employed in public sector organization enlarge positive work attitudes, behavior and outcomes [3].

Researchers identified the direction of industrial trends and SME’s in Nigeria, tackle the operational definition and scopes, and explain the function of the government of Nigeria as a participant, supervisor and catalyst, both officially and politically in the development of SMEs and private enterprise. They recognized the selling troubles of SMEs and industrialist in Nigeria, the prerequisite and performance of favorable and encouraging laws, the terms of infrastructural services, steady man-power and growth, direct economic assist to SMEs and the enterprise of sponsorship institutions to support SMEs. They identified the role of SMEs development and growth in Nigeria’s [4].

The researcher described the developing terms in human resource development and human resource management. Researcher suggested a need for practitioners to recognize the a variety of terms describing HRD and HRM previous to used in organizations before to apply new terms to illustrate old ideas or functions of HRD and HRM. Researcher also suggested that in the era of knowledge-based employees and the oncoming era of knowledge-expertise employees are essential to keep up with changes with the beginning of globalization and internationalization and rapid technical advances [5].

Researchers focused on Student learning difficulties and co-teachers motivating themselves in establishing effective minor schooling in Nigeria. Researchers was recorded their education industry as one of the least in motivating nationwide development. Researchers was recognized this to the service of inexperienced person teachers in the effective teaching and learning processes. Besides, they were recognized that the unapproachable work environment had been insinuated to advise logic of defenselessness in school improvement and effectiveness in Nigeria. Their survey was exposed that resourcefully competent teachers be liable to motivate students and co-teachers efficiently than teachers who were rationally qualified [6].

The researcher explained that the movement of scientific research did not stop completely, because so many researchers still thought in the unavoidability of sustained systematic research to benefit the highest of what is available and take the efforts individually to achieve the objectives of progress, success and maintain pace with technical development. Scientific researchers has grow to be a pedestal only to build a recent state in today's humanity, and became the spine for all plans urban nations and even rising countries [7].

Researchers assessed empirically ‘the impact of job stress on Nigerian Managers’ Performance’. Random sampling technique was used to select 135 managers who had worked at least 5 years in a managerial position. Relevant data were collected using structured questionnaire. The Z-score was used to test the study hypothesis. The findings showed that job stress brings about subjective effects such as fear, anger and anxiety among Nigerian managers resulting in poor concentration, mental block and poor decision making skills [8].

Researchers described that Human resource functions and activities in the 21st century and how it should assist organizations to maintain their competitive advantage. Global organizations are being forced to become more competitive. Globalization of markets, changing customer demands and increasing product-market competition, people and the way they are managed acquire greater importance in the 21st century. Globalised human resource management (GHRM) should be prepared to take the best skilled people worldwide regardless of their nationality [9].

Author highlighted the innovative initiatives taken by United Nations Industrial Development Organization towards encouraging environmental entrepreneurship in different parts of the world towards sustainable development. Author also highlighted the importance of entrepreneurship in Indian economy [10].

Authors presented the technical education curriculum has been emphasized to bridge the fundamental shift from the production-based institutions to the knowledge –based institutions [11].

Author viewed that working on the eternal quality dimension requires an eternal effort. He explained that at least now necessary to turn pervasive component of quality [12].

Author introduced the international standard ISO/IEC certification developed by the ISO and the IEC with the objective of achieving and promoting a universal, deliberate target for organization accountable for documentation of employees [13].

The plans are the source for mobilizing all types of resources of internal as well external stakeholders. The audit of process of planning and plans is conducted against well-defined criteria to assure quality of plans and their implementation. Author suggested the format of conducting the audit [14].

Authors prescribed "dream big" for universities and colleges. They recommended reforms in the light of experience elsewhere in the world [15].

Authors found difference between male and female employees. Men’s’ score on abstract-sequential knowledge approach exceed those of women employees with less than0.05 performance and Women’s employees abstract-random single control learning approach score was higher than men with performance less than 0.05 [16].

Researchers suggested that opportunistic propensity was affect by cultural previous condition of individuality–communalism. Distinctively, they estimated that individualist has a higher opportunistic susceptibility in intra-group connections, and collectivists in inter-group connections. They cultural specification of opportunism help TCE to more efficiently contain some criticism and more pragmatically agreement with troubles of financial organization in today’s global wealth [17].

Author analyzed the features of cognitive apprenticeship and compare with other theories of learning with theoretical framework and examples [18].

Researchers explained about characteristics of the ideal teacher. The ideal teacher is described in basis of teachers’ five categories of attributes. Every teacher shows the students that they are models of their students. Students always follow their teachers; some of theses are social responsibility of teachers, direction of teachers, classroom interactions of teachers, personality of teachers and professional behavior of teachers. Teachers must motivate the students to achieve their individual goals. Researchers discussed requirement of motivation and their issues. Researchers’ recommended enhancing and continuing the inspiration of students in classroom teaching learning processes [19].

Researchers described that the necessity of Staff training and development for growth of organization. They concentrated on skills of staffs. Training is a systematic development of knowledge, attitudes towards training and skills of staffs to complete the assigned tasks. Training and development is the key of organization, which fulfills the purpose of organization. Researchers recommended that training and development is necessary for staffs to allow them to achieve organization goals by their effort [20].

Researchers studied strategic alliance team variety and efficiency. They also studied the team coordination and their relationship towards efficiency. Researchers used hypothesis method to found the coordination strengths. They used variety of characteristics of gender and nationality as well as team efficiency. They not agreed some strength which is positive effects on team. They found team effectiveness and well-designed background used by team members [21].

Researchers were studied Two Lens Model. They studied link between alliance competencies and judgment of performance. First they discover laboratory study and double system plan for achieving results. They evaluated manners of supervisors of alliance team. They evaluated few structural, social and practical competencies and found that these are more important than the managers’ of alliance performance evaluation [22].

Researcher defines that Performance appraisal had defined in easy way that always produces a push of sensation, strong reactions and opinions when combined with each other.

In the organizational context of a formal appraisal, procedure the performance appraisal process, allows an organization to evaluate and measure an each employee behavior for a exact time and activities for particular period [23].

Researchers focused on higher education institutes and high qualified faculties, because recruitment of faculty is major challenge in higher education institutes. Umber of faculty members’ turnover is more due to policy and mechanisms of higher education institutes and the demand in markets. The institute will become excellence in higher education based on the faculty members’ employed. The higher education institutes must make their policy to attract the high qualified faculty and reduce their turnover. The researchers proved that education institutes’ grow by faculty talents only and given importance on faculty attract and retain in the higher institute [24].

Author deal with the need of technology innovation for developed India and venture capital [25].

Authors find ways that how the managements can assure, sustain and enhance the quality of these higher technical Institutes in rural areas of Panjab and how the managers of required quality can be acquired or professionally trained so that required quality standards could be maintained [26].

Researchers focused on e-learning. They proved that E-learning understood is more to satisfy the students learning needs. E-learning is based on storage, use of teaching and development. E-learning uses various software tools to develop resources. E-learning can be used by teachers or self study. E-learning can be used by students effortlessly. The resources must be available for students in campus wide network [27].

Researchers divided their study in four different stages. In their first study, they presented society responsibility. In their second study, they recommended trust of nature and principle of ethical participants. In their third stage, they found the support of civilians of Americans and Iraquis to finish the innocent civilians. In their fourth stage, they found loyalty and multiculturalism of both countries and participants in position with devotion for finishing [28].

Researchers studied organization politics. They studied the promoted accepting of reactions to organization political affairs. They surveyed approximately more than three hundred Israel public sectors. They examined the dependency between the job attitudes, workplace issues and workplace politics. They found scrawny relationship between the organization political affairs and employees’ performance. They also found that was negative relationship found by supervisors’ complaints found towards political affairs in the organization [29].

Authors focused on training need analysis. Researcher discussed the organization training need analysis and organization success. If organization to grow then it must done proper training need analysis of employees, it is necessary to evaluate the outcome of training. There are variety of ways to access training need analysis and evaluation of trainings and benefits achieved by training. Authors determined some methods of training need analysis, as well as assessment of trainings [30].

Authors studied sought to spot suggestions for civilizing services. They also studied the confines of audit by survey against broad evaluation. Outcomes mixed methodologies approach towards higher fulfillment of professionals in two areas of programmes and disappointment in third areas of programmes. The analysis discovered disappointment in support of technology and also areas developed by professionals [31].

Authors’ discussed innovative teaching methodologies and attempts to compare different aspects of training methods [32].

Authors’ talked about managing stress as per Indian management. They proved that Gita can be treated as one of the best books for stress coping strategies [33].

Authors emphasized the need for resurrecting technical education of our country referring to large number of interventions made since independence and from the years of establishment of national level bodies like AICTE, ISTE, and TTTIs etc for its monitoring, regulating and development [34].

Researchers’ study had made about in private limited company in Jammu state in India. They studied the selection process and recruitment of Hindustan Coca-cola beverage Private limited in Gangyal. They found that the company follows good recruitment policy. They also found that in some cases the company compensates the employees for the operating expenses incur by employees. The company fully computerizes database. The company keeps all records of employees. The company hires consultancy firms. Company hires recruitment agency for employee [35].

Author viewed that performance by students helped the faculty to identify their deficiencies leading to delivery of course content to the maximum satisfaction of the students [36].

Researchers proposed a human resources management practices. They made the conceptual framework to explain the variables of HRM which includes job satisfaction, turnover, and supervision, job training and pay practices. Job satisfaction plays a major role on employee turnover and their submissive role towards the job. When the job satisfaction is low the turnover is more. HRM practices correlated definitely and appreciably with job fulfillment. But HRM practices negatively correlated with employee turnover. Researchers proved that HRM practices and job fulfillment were strong predictors of turnover [37].

Researchers developed solution of the system design connected with self-learning database. They proved that self-learning database connected with the analysis system, but the analysis system compromises with the interactively developed modules Researchers analysis system linked with user interface and contains information system with user interface [38].

Author explained the way to gender equity in math, science, computers and technology, at all educational and occupational levels, is still long. Only when a country adopts a national program aimed to decrease the gap, only when all girls, adolescent females, young women and older women have access to the program most suitable for them – only then will the prospects to bridge the gap increase. Without the talent, diligence, ambition and motivation of 50% of the population no education, cultural or financial system can flourish. Thus, it is the task of the educators to persuade all authorities involved that while better education for females is indeed expensive, the benefits to come from it are much higher and long-lasting than any other investment [39].

Researchers described the education environment. Researchers included the Painstakingly interpolated pursuant to the educational study. The included the phrase and included in their literature which is necessary for atmosphere of education. The pleasant implications of educational atmospheric deprivation were highlighted and some suggestions articulated [40].

Authors proved that most of the academic libraries are concerned about fulfilling the physical infrastructure norms and standards laid down by AICTE, and other regulating agencies like state government and affiliated university rather than providing quality services, setting standards for services delivery and striving to enhance the service quality [41].

Authors focused on vocational education facilities and courses. They focused the issues raised by stake holders and perspective relating to the acceptance and combination of open source vocational courses. They discussed and examined the freeware solutions as well as open source solutions [42].

Authors focused on effective implementation of technical, vocational courses and trainings. They focused on strategies of vocational courses, technical courses and trainings. They displayed the overview of industry and these vocational education partnerships [43].

Researcher environment impacts of workplace on employees. They considered both impacts positive as well as negative. They found that in most of industry the workplace atmosphere is hazardous and injurious and this contains due to improper ventilation, improper lighting, extreme noise, out of place furniture and also includes the lack of safety measures. No arrangement for personal protection and safety. Such dangerous places create the dieses on employees and it impacts on performance of employees. Based on this the productivity decreases. To overcome this workplace atmosphere must be motivational. They proved that workplace environment impacts on employees’ performance [44].

Authors selected solutions in the study are sequential, systematic, scientific and random. They proved that for students only one way to perform in examination [45].

Authors discussed NBA Accreditation and development of suitable quality assurance mechanism at Institute level for sustenance and enhancement of quality of technical and engineering education in India [46].

Authors established that there is an urgent need to re-look at the existing guidance and counseling services in technical institutes [47].

Authors analyzed that Professors and practicing engineering need to realize that ethical collegiality is at the foundation of sound engineering practice [48].

Researchers described that the Mentoring system. Researchers reviewed the literature. They covered the accepted literature available and coverage of the recent years for learning activity, organization settings, universities and government departments. They reviewed the management strategy. They also studied the workplace atmosphere and career tool for learning activity for men as well as women of organization. They reviewed some large corporations, schools and hospitals. Researcher found that indefinite concept on literature reviewed and its presents in the fields [49].

Authors ranked Indian technical institutions taking teaching facility, researcher facility, students’ score in the degree examination and students’ placement into account [50].

Researchers focused on education process. Education process contains gaining knowledge and skills. Teaching and learning are the two sides of the coins. They described the learning impacts. The teaching should be effective if learner was interested. If learner was not interested the teaching should be made interesting to learn the subject, it based on teacher knowledge and students attitude towards the particular subject. Researchers blamed for today’s education system are not effective due to relevant government agencies, education managers and parents. Researcher explained the proportional review based on current and previous educational prospects. Author also sated the opportunity reinforcement for coming years [51].

Researchers focused on human resource practices. They focused on gaps between employees’ attitude and job satisfaction. They focused on mostly three areas. First one is job fulfillment impacts. Second was Employees’ approach. Third and major was how to calculate the employees’ approach towards work. Researchers provided some suggestions to reduce the gap between the knowledge of employees and evaluating systems of employees’ [52].

Authors highlighted the vision of smart campuses engineering colleges focusing on the quality of teachers, the technical infrastructure, the bubbling and vibrant students, steely main-frame of alumni, dynamic leadership of administration, and well-talented technical supporting staff of engineering colleges [53].

Author looked into the different aspects of youth advantage for nation building including the learning objectives for leveraging the youth advantage [54].

Researcher described that the key of the development of nation. They found that successful and unsuccessful of nation depends on Education. Producing quality teachers requires everything necessary to be provided. Researcher’s studied the production of quality teachers of primary schools. Researcher concentrated on effective teaching of home economics in primary schools. Author suggested some constraints and recommended some possible steps which helps to increase the quality of primary teachers. Some suggested steps are, i) sufficient funds to run effectively the education system, ii) facilities, iii) sufficient equipments, iv) review and update requirements and some screening tests of teachers and etc.[55].

Drawing from recent research in option theory & organizational learning, researchers argued that, in addition to exploiting comparative advantage & overcoming market imperfection, foreign direct investment (FDI) can also be viewed as an option to maintain access to innovations in the host country. Such learning options in turn generated information spillovers that can lead to opportunities for future organizational learning & growth [56].

Researcher studied the Electronic learning environment. Study focused on students’ satisfaction in Electronic learning environment. They studied the different learning cultures and students’ satisfaction and moderating culture with combining the electronic as well as theoretical model. They studied the e-learning satisfaction of students. Researcher’s proposed the model applying practical research on different cultures. Researcher found that different cultures have different perspective and it varied with individual students’ satisfaction. The satisfaction criterion is also different for different streams and varies with individual satisfaction. Thus the e-learning culture is not measured and considered now days [57].

Researchers described that the increasing the quality of the education system is conditioned by continuously gathering feedback from the stakeholders. The depth analysis of the employment processes binged important input for higher education institutions. From a micro level approach, they presented on the graduate recruitment and selection process, aiming to understand what criteria Romanian employers value during the job assignment process [58].

Authors used Questionnaire method to collect data. To analyze data collected authors used t-tests, percentage methods, mean scores and ANOVA. They established internal steadiness using Cronbatch alpha method. From the analysis researchers found that participants satisfied by the quality of programmes presented. Authors gave some suggestions that the programmes must be reevaluated and must found the concerns areas and quality lagging as well as strengths and the requirements [59].

Authors concentrated on primary education. Primary education is the foundation level of further education. The primary education of students is good then the students grow for further study. For strong foundation level it requires quality teachers. The primary teachers are the backbones of the education of children. To produce quality teachers government provide everything. But authors found that there is lack of quality teachers who are teaching in primary schools. Authors examined some drawbacks education system which becomes constraints for primary education to make quality education and strong background of students. Authors suggested some points for to appoint the primary teachers. They also suggested fulfilling the requirements of primary teachers quickly required for teaching and learning process. Authors studied the primary schools quality teachers’ production in country of Nigeria [60].

Researchers investigated the connection between the job satisfaction and job stress. They studied and examined the determinants of job stress and included workload pressure, management role, performance pressure, relationship with other employees, role uncertainty and groundwork interface. They studied the academician from public University, Klang valley which is in Malaysia. They collected samples and constructed the tests from the results that there is significant relationship exists between four constructs tested. From the results the conclusion comes that job satisfaction and job stress have significant negative relationship with each other [61].

Author discussed about the information and opportunities of Higher Education in Architecture in India [62].

Authors gave the suggestions for future. They also suggested that a total relook is required in the under graduate pharmacy curriculum [63].

Researchers described that the job stress and job satisfaction are both included in employees performance appraisal. Performance appraisal is included both workplace and work. Thus it is very important to have legal measure of work related stress and job satisfaction. Researchers done survey on the job satisfaction and job related Tension Index using Questionnaire method. They used Cronbach alpha values to establish preliminary consistency. They also found the relationship between job satisfactions, job satisfaction facets and work related stress. Collectively, results provided evidence that both instruments were reliable in the Malaysian military setting context [64].

Author highlighted different ideas of innovation in engineering education like development of Entrepreneurship culture, research and innovation and the challenges coming toward engineering education [65].

Authors’ attempts made to present the problem of non-availability of qualified staff required to manage effective working of engineering colleges [66].

Authors done comparison study between the tools and procedures utilized in these papers discussed some of the advantages and disadvantages that these offer [67].

Author showed the various aspects of career opportunities with respect to technical education and further attempts to suggest a few methods to handle jobs and interviews [68].

Authors directed that opportunities provided to empower women economically, and this will lead to their active participation in leadership and decision-making positions [69].

Authors focused on the importance of formal oral presentations from an engineer’s point of view and provide some basic/simple techniques which can be applied to make more effective oral communication [70].

Authors tried to explore in depth both sides of ICT enhanced higher education, i. e., cataclysm and cornucopia [71].

Authors explained that Virtual Private Networks provide consumers with a safe and inexpensive communication atmosphere. The COVPA perform better than the algorithms mostly used Prime Dual and Steiner Tree and also Breadth First search [72].

Researchers concentrated in education institutes and their competencies. They focused on employee management and talent utilization of employees. Researchers studied organization management system and organization issues. Researchers found that competencies of education institutes based on skills of employees, ability of employees and their knowledge useful to institute. Researchers provided some guidelines to education institutes to evaluate the difference between the institutes and how to overcome this difference. They suggested model foe competency assessment. They also provided guidelines to achieve their targets and how to move towards future by planning and move towards that plan with overcome the gap between the institutes. The institute growth is depends on faculty skills, behavior and knowledge updating of faculties, education institutes must look towards faculty growth [73].

Researchers evaluated organization effectiveness. They recognized factors of faculty motivation by organization. They found linkage between the employee motivation and organization efficiency. Based on literature studied they designed the model. They tested three hypothesis based on literature available and experience of previous study. The empowerment of faculty has positive effect on motivation of faculty. They accomplished positive effects on faculty motivation towards organization efficiency [74].

Authors analyzed the survey on students’ feedback on current scenario of pedagogy, teaching, examination system and infrastructure in an engineering college [75].

Author concentrated on the implementation of service oriented architecture with the educational institutes with its advantages and disadvantages [76].

Authors proved suggestions for developing useful collection in engineering college libraries. They also described that the collection development and practices in engineering college libraries in Maharashtra [77].

Researchers described the important gap by conducting their study in Asia Pacific business school. They ranked Asia Pacific business schools efficiency in three areas first: top leading journals, second: Top management journals and third: publishing strategies in various business schools. They did additional sources for business schools. They collected data from top hundred business schools and did their ranking based on research. They analyzed their documentation globally as well as locally [78].

Authors discussed several academic issues in higher and technical education. Some reasons for the lack of excellence and some characteristics of institutions of excellence are indicated [79].

Author explored the several perspectives on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, with particular reference to our country’s aspiration to be globally competitive in the emerging Knowledge Economy and society [80].

Author gave suggestion that the syllabus should also incorporate a subject on ‘engineering ethics’ [81].

Authors’ found that the objective of the research is fulfilled over the maximum of percentage of the uncultivated young aspirants are in favor of sing the information technology in India. They concluded that the information technology should be encouraged in the quality of life fulfilling the different objectives of the research [82].

Author suggested some modern approaches to design the academic curriculum. Researcher studied the overview of Indian Curriculum design and development. Based on the study, author gave some essential consideration which is important for curriculum design in existing system [83].

India has made remarkable progress in engineering and technical education over the last two decades. Researcher discussed the current development of undergraduate and postgraduate engineering education in India, and presented two case studies detailing the engineering education programmes of two nationally and internationally leading institutions: the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi, and BITS (Birla Institute of Technology Science). The case studies focused on several important aspects, such as the administrative structures, departments and centers, admission procedures, course structures, scholarships, methods of teaching, evaluation of performances, research, practical training, industry links, continuing education and the resources available at these institutions [84].

Authors concluded based on percentage changes of time devoted to teaching of different components. The role of Engineering seems stronger in mechanical engineering [85].

Author introduced the attention of the planners and administrators of technical education system towards the problems emerging in technical education all over the country in order to take remedial measures in time so that a catastrophic end in waiting with respect to technical education can be avoided [86].

Authors considered the allocation of various types of budges but also their proper utilization for institutional/departmental activities. They explained methodology followed and the quality issues are identified ranked and discussed [87].

Authors emphasized the role of concept maps, learning outcomes and competencies in the development of contents of the selected engineering course [88].

Authors gave a "on the field" report of industry-institute interaction experience carried out with respect to SLIET, Longowal [89].

Authors conceptualized the frame work proposal of CT policy. The researcher included the useful proposal for adult learning useful for teacher trainers. Their proposal was useful to introduction of labor market mechanism. The proposal was flexible and effective for school as well as for competency based certificate courses [90].

Researcher described the change management considerations that are involved. Researcher implemented new best practices considering the issues arises and overcome on hat issues. The new strategies for enhancing individual performance are also linked to the organization’s strategic objectives. Researcher followed the principle of strategic human resource management system. The two main points are that a focus on training to improve individual ability, and an emphasis on developing intrinsic motivation, should lead to performance improvement in the health care organization [91].

Author outlined the need to address the issue regional imbalance, stream imbalance and group imbalance and initiatives taken by AICTE [92].

Authors described strategy formulation for technical educational institution by presenting operational strategy model and operational productivity model for bringing systematic and continuous improvement in the quality of technical education coping up with the changing environment [93].

Authors described the importance of virtual library and its applications in technical education [94].

Authors’ raised the issue and emphasize the significance off TQM for improving quality education so as to serve the nation better [95].

Authors’ model highlights the need of all stakeholders to be aware & make use of associated elements like policy and guidelines for PD, and communication system, infrastructure facilities, supportive leadership, positive culture, constraints; tools and framework for planning, designing, implementing and evaluating PD process activities; characteristics of PD activities, type of PD activities [96].

Authors sleeked to look into how vocational education in three different eras in China is operated in light of a popular Western theory to give the reader some insider’s views. Dewey’s popular progressive philosophy was discussed in light of Chinese experiences in vocational education [97].

Researcher studied organizational learning as measured by experience in home nation affected by international development and performance. If so, does such a relationship between experience and performance hold over time? How do the environmental forces in the host country affect such a relationship? Researchers Focused on organizational learning by multinational enterprises (MNEs) operating in a transition economy [98].

To increase the business there is need to increase the human resource. There is need to effectively manage the human resource for business growth. Researchers did their survey in Malaysia‘s manufacturing firms and service firms. They collected data from hundred and eight human resource mangers and hundred and forty line managers. They did evaluation considering both HR managers evaluation as well as line managers’ evaluation. They found that there is significant difference present in evaluation of HR manager and line manager evaluation [99].

Authors investigate the importance of self-directed learning system. They included the importance of self directed learning system in human resource development field. They conducted survey in service, manufacturing and financial industries. They recognized the dimensions of self directed and self learning system. They results showed that information sharing and organizational learning environment was a significant factor influencing the self directed learning system. Several meaningful insights for researchers and practitioners can be drawn from the current study [100].