The History About The Hazardous Substances

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of airborne particles that differ in size, origin and chemical composition, all of which are <10 μm in size. Fine particles are disperse in air and can move freely over great distances..

Health effects arise from fine bagasse particles when they get accumulate in the respiratory system. Particles can cause respiratory disorder such as asthma. Exposure to the fine bagasse particles is related with serious health effects that include death, lung cancer cardiovascular disorder. Health effects associated with exposures to fine particulate matter are both over short and longer periods.

Nitrogen dioxide

It is a red brown substance with an irritating odor gas that irritates the eye mucous membranes, nose, and throat and it result to shortness of breath from exposure to high concentrations. A long exposures and high concentrations to low level of nitrogen dioxide increase risk of respiratory infections. Exposures to high dose nitrogen dioxide levels may lead to the formation of lung disease such as emphysema or death. Workers that are at risk from exposure to nitrogen dioxide result with asthma other respiratory diseases in long term.

Sulfur dioxide

So2 is the chemical compound name use. Industrial processes release this toxic gas with a pungent, irritating smell. Sulfur dioxide does not only irritate the respiratory system but also have a bad odor. Exposure to high concentrations of So2 in short time results in the bronchi and increase mucous flow which make breathing difficult. SO2 can also result fatal to those having existing heart and lung diseases.

Biocides

Biocides are used to control or kill the unwanted presence of things such as insects, bacteria, fungi, animals and viruses by either biological or chemical means. If you work with biocides, there are strict control measures in place when it comes to health and safety legislation which you must adhere to which is laid out by the Health and Safety.

Health effects

Many biocides products contain chemicals, formaldehyde being just one example and there are other ingredients which can cause skin disorders, respiratory problems and various types of cancer.

Herbicide

Herbicides, also commonly known as weed killers, are pesticides used to kill unwanted plants. It is an organic or inorganic compound. Selective herbicides kill specific weeds and leave other desired crop unharmed.

Different kinds of herbicide are use in sugar field, some are:

1. Gesaprim (Atrazine)

2. Velpar

3. 24D

Gesaprim

Gesaprim is also known as Atrazine, a chemical herbicide. Pure Atrazine is a white powder that dissolves water and is also odorless. Atrazine is not a reactive, volatile or flammable chemical substance. The main purpose of atrazine is to kill weeds in field.

Health Effect

heart, lungs and kidneys damage

low blood pressure

muscle spasms

weight loss

adrenal glands is damage

cardiovascular damage

retinal degeneration

muscle degeneration

cancer

Velpar

Herbicide is liquid solution where it is mixed in water and applied for weed control in certain crops.

Health effects

1. Skin, transient irritation with discomfort or rash.

2. Eyes, clouding of the eye.

3. Head ache

4. Irritation

5 Pigmentation of skin if over-expose.

2,4-D

It is a highly selective herbicide which is toxic to broad leafed plants but less harmful to grasses. One of the hormone weed killers, 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) an aryloxyalkanoic acid known as the 'phenoxy herbicide’. The chemicals have complex mechanisms of action against weeds, resembling those of auxins (growth hormones). Once the 2,4-D absorbed, it is transfer within the plant and accumulates in the growing end points of roots and kills where it inhibits growth.

Health Effects

Acute

Exposure to 2,4-D produce eye and skin irritation. Other symptoms include nausea, weakness and fatigue, and affect the central nervous system; effects including inflammation of nerve endings. Acute exposure to 2,4-D include, the following: temporary loss of vision, diarrhea, confusion respiratory tract irritation, bleeding and chemical hypersensitivity, numbness and tingling.

Chronic

1. Cancer

2. Reproductive effects

Flocculants

Flocculants consist of various molecular weight anionic, nonionic and cationic polymers. They are used to increase the efficiency of settling, clarification, filtration and centrifugation operations. Flocculation is the process where individual particles of a suspension form aggregates.

Health effect

Contacts with skin cause the irritation which may result to redness of skin. Some other source revel that eyes is more prone to such substance as contact with it may result to an irritation of the surficial layer. It is also a form of sensitization where the mist may cause the irritation of the respiratory airway.

Lime

Hydrated lime is an essential component for the production of sugar from sugar canes. It is use for purifying sugar from other component, such as maple or sorghum, which is form in small quantities. Hydrated lime is added to the juice to raise the pH that it reacts with the impurities present to form insoluble calcium organic compounds that can be removed. Hydrate is an odorless white or grayish-white powder.

Health effects

Eyes: burning of eyes or irritation and including damage

Skin: Irritation of the skin (Dermatitis)

Ingestion: Severe irritation of gastrointestinal tract if ingested.

Inhalation: Cause severe irritation of the respiratory airway. Long-term exposure may cause permanent damage and other irreversible diseases. Hydrate is not listed by OSH as a carcinogen.

Hydrated lime contain trace amounts of crystalline silica, which has been classified as Group I carcinogen to humans. Inhalation of silica can also cause silicosis chronic lung disorder.