The History About Nitrogen Dioxide

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of airborne particles that differ in size, origin and chemical composition, all of which are <10 μm in size. Fine particles are disperse in air and can move freely over great distances..

Health effects arise from fine bagasse particles when they accumulate in the respiratory system. Particles can aggravate respiratory conditions such as asthma. Exposure to fine particles is associated with several serious health effects, including premature death cardiovascular disorder, lung cancer. Health effects have been associated with exposures to PM over both short (such as a day) and longer periods (a year or more).

Nitrogen dioxide

It is a reddish brown, irritating odor gas that irritates the mucous membranes in the eye, nose, and throat and causes shortness of breath after exposure to high concentrations. There is evidence that high concentrations or continued exposure to low levels of nitrogen dioxide increases the risk of respiratory infection; there is also evidence from animals studies that repeated exposures to elevated nitrogen dioxide levels may lead, or contribute, to the development of lung disease such as emphysema. People at particular risk from exposure to nitrogen dioxide include children and individuals with asthma and other respiratory diseases.

Sulfur dioxide

It is the chemical compound with the formula SO2. It is a toxic gas with a pungent, irritating smell that is released by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Sulfur dioxide not only has a bad odor, it can irritate the respiratory system. Exposure to high concentrations for short periods of time can constrict the bronchi and increase mucous flow, making breathing difficult. SO2 can also aggravate existing heart and lung diseases.

Biocides

Biocides are used to control or kill the unwanted presence of things such as insects, bacteria, fungi, animals and viruses by either biological or chemical means. If you work with biocides, there are strict control measures in place when it comes to health and safety legislation which you must adhere to which is laid out by the Health and Safety.

Health effects

Many biocides products contain chemicals, formaldehyde being just one example and there are other ingredients which can cause skin disorders, respiratory problems and various types of cancer.

Herbicide

Herbicides, also commonly known as weed killers, are pesticides used to kill unwanted plants. It is an organic or inorganic compound. Selective herbicides kill specific targets, while leaving the desired crop relatively unharmed.

Different kinds of herbicide are use in sugar field, some are:

1. Gesaprim (Atrazine)

2. Velpar

3. 24D

Gesaprim

Gesaprim is one of the trade names for Atrazine, a chemical herbicide. Pure Atrazine is an odorless, white powder that dissolves in water. Atrazine is not a volatile, reactive or flammable chemical. Atrazine is used to kill weeds, primarily on farms.

Health Effect

congestion of the heart, lungs and kidneys

low blood pressure

muscle spasms

weight loss

damage to adrenal glands

cardiovascular damage

retinal degeneration

muscle degeneration

cancer

Velpar

Herbicide is a water-dispersible liquid that is mixed in water and applied as a spray for weed control in certain crops.

Health effects

1. Skin, transient irritation with discomfort or rash.

2. Eyes, clouding of the eye.

3. Head ache

4. Irritation

5 Pigmentation of skin if over-expose.

24-D

This highly selective herbicide is toxic to broad leafed plants but less harmful to grasses. One of the hormone weed killers, 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) is an aryloxyalkanoic acid known also as a 'phenoxy herbicide', which includes MCPA, mecoprop, triclopyr and 2,4,5-T. These chemicals have complex mechanisms of action against weeds, resembling those of auxins (growth hormones). Once absorbed 2,4-D is translocate within the plant and accumulates at the growing points of roots and shoots where it inhibits growth.

Health Effects

Acute

Occupational exposure to 2,4-D has produced serious eye and skin irritation. Other symptoms of 2,4-D poisoning include nausea, weakness and fatigue, and in some cases neurotoxic effects including inflammation of nerve endings(10). Some medical reports from practitioners who have treated victims of acute exposure to 2,4-D mention severe and sometimes long lasting or even permanent symptoms. These include, as well as those listed above, diarrhea, temporary loss of vision, respiratory tract irritation, confusion, numbness and tingling, bleeding and chemical hypersensitivity.

Chronic

1. Cancer

2. Reproductive effects

Flocculants

Flocculants consist of various molecular weight anionic, nonionic and cationic polymers. They are used to increase the efficiency of settling, clarification, filtration and centrifugation operations. Flocculation means a process in which individual particles of a suspension form aggregates. In the water treatment industry, the terms coagulation and flocculation imply different mechanisms. Health effect

Contacts with skin cause the irritation which may result to redness of skin. Some other source revel that eyes is more prone to such substance as contact with it may result to an irritation of the surficial layer. It is also a form of sensitization where the mist may cause the irritation of the respiratory airway.

Lime

Hydrated lime is essential to the production of sugar from both sugar cane. It is also used to purify sugar from other sources, such as maple or sorghum, although these are produced in much smaller quantities. Hydrated lime is added to the juice to raise the pH and to react with the impurities to form insoluble calcium organic compounds that can be removed. Hydrate is an odorless white or grayish-white powder.

Health effects

Eyes: Contact can cause severe irritation or burning of eyes, including permanent damage.

Skin: Contact can cause irritation of skin.

Ingestion: This product can cause severe irritation of gastrointestinal tract if swallowed.

Inhalation: This product can cause severe irritation of the respiratory system. Long-term exposure may cause permanent damage. Hydrate is not listed by MSHA, OSHA, or IARC as a carcinogen

However, this product may contain trace amounts of crystalline silica in the form of quartz or crystallite, which has been classified by IARC as a Group I carcinogen to humans when inhaled. Inhalation of silica can also cause a chronic lung disorder, silicosis.